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Journal articles on the topic 'Zygote Body'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Zamora, Raquel Blanes, Rebeca Vaca Sánchez, Jonay González Pérez, Rubí Rodríguez Díaz, Delia Báez Quintana, and José C. Alberto Bethencourt. "Human zygote morphological indicators of higher rate of arrest at the first cleavage stage." Zygote 19, no. 4 (2010): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199410000407.

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SummaryA little studied aspect of developmental arrest (DA) in ART is zygote arrest (ZA). Etiologically, blockage at the first cleavage stage includes molecular and chromosomal anomalies, some of which manifest morphologically. Given considerations on embryo culture, transfer and cryopreservation, optimal zygote selection is very important. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether zygote morphological features were indicators of increased ZA. In this study we performed a prospective, observational study of 2105 zygotes obtained from consecutive patients who were undergoing IVF/ICSI treat

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Gardner, Richard L., and Timothy J. Davies. "The basis and significance of pre–patterning in mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1436 (2003): 1331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1322.

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The second polar body (Pb) provides an enduring marker of the animal pole of the zygote, thereby revealing that the axis of bilateral symmetry of the early blastocyst is aligned with the zygote's animal–vegetal axis. That this relationship is biologically significant appeared likely when subsequent studies showed that the equator of the blastocyst tended to correspond with the plane of first cleavage. However, this cleavage plane varies both with respect to the position of the second Pb and to the distribution of components of the fertilizing sperm that continue to mark the point where it ente

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3

Reik, W., I. Romer, S. C. Barton, M. A. Surani, S. K. Howlett, and J. Klose. "Adult phenotype in the mouse can be affected by epigenetic events in the early embryo." Development 119, no. 3 (1993): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.3.933.

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Major epigenetic modifications apparently occur during early development in the mouse. The factors that induce such modifications are complex and may involve the various components of a zygote. We have started to explore whether changes in the nucleocytoplasmic composition brought about by micromanipulation can induce phenotypic effects through epigenetic modifications. Nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were therefore prepared by transplanting a female pronucleus into a recipient egg from a different genotype. As a result, the maternal genome was of a different genetic background as compared with the

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4

Dresselhaus, Thomas, and Gerd Jürgens. "Comparative Embryogenesis in Angiosperms: Activation and Patterning of Embryonic Cell Lineages." Annual Review of Plant Biology 72, no. 1 (2021): 641–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094112.

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Following fertilization in flowering plants (angiosperms), egg and sperm cells unite to form the zygote, which generates an entire new organism through a process called embryogenesis. In this review, we provide a comparative perspective on early zygotic embryogenesis in flowering plants by using the Poaceae maize and rice as monocot grass and crop models as well as Arabidopsis as a eudicot model of the Brassicaceae family. Beginning with the activation of the egg cell, we summarize and discuss the process of maternal-to-zygotic transition in plants, also taking recent work on parthenogenesis a

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Tian, Huibin, Huimin Niu, Jun Luo, et al. "Effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 knockout on mouse embryo development and lipid synthesis." PeerJ 10 (September 14, 2022): e13945. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13945.

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Background Lipid synthesis is an indispensable process during embryo and growth development. Abnormal lipid synthesis metabolism can cause multiple metabolic diseases including obesity and hyperlipidemia. Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays an essential role in lipid metabolism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of SCD1 on embryo development and lipid synthesis in a knockout mice model. Methods We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system together with microinjection for the knockout mouse model ge

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Matsuzuka, T., N. Sakamoto, M. Ozawa, A. Ushitani, M. Hirabayashi, and Y. Kanai. "153 ALLEVIATIVE EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANT ADMINISTRATION ON MATERNAL HYPERTHERMIA-INDUCED EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH IN MICE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab153.

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Hyperthermia-induced early embryonic death is generally ascribed to the high susceptibility of early embryos to elevated maternal body temperature. However, recent studies have indicated that the disruption of embryonic development by maternal hyperthermia has relevance to not only high temperature exposure to the embryo, but also hyperthermia-associated changes in the maternal body. Hyperthermia enhances physiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) systemically. Early embryos are susceptible to oxidative stress and it becomes easy to arrest their development when the oxidative st

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Shelton, Christopher A., J. Clayton Carter, Gregory C. Ellis, and Bruce Bowerman. "The Nonmuscle Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Gene mlc-4 Is Required for Cytokinesis, Anterior-Posterior Polarity, and Body Morphology during Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis." Journal of Cell Biology 146, no. 2 (1999): 439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.146.2.439.

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Using RNA-mediated genetic interference in a phenotypic screen, we identified a conserved nonmuscle myosin II regulatory light chain gene in Caenorhabditis elegans, which we name mlc-4. Maternally supplied mlc-4 function is required for cytokinesis during both meiosis and mitosis and for establishment of anterior-posterior (a-p) asymmetries after fertilization. Reducing the function of mlc-4 or nmy-2, a nonmuscle myosin II gene, also leads to a loss of polarized cytoplasmic flow in the C. elegans zygote, supporting models in which cytoplasmic flow may be required to establish a-p differences.

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8

Caceci, T., A. A. Shaikh, and D. C. Kraemer. "Ultrastructure of Baboon Zygotes Produced By Microinjection of Spermatozoa." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119946.

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Five baboons were treated during seven menstrual cycles with 5.0 mg of FSH-P for five days, starting on either day 3 or day 5 of the cycle. On day 5 of the treatment, the ovaries were examined by laparoscopy to evaluate follicular development. All animals exhibited multiple preovulatory follicles and at that time 100 mg GnRH was administered intramuscularly to induce LH release. Between 24 and 30 hours after injection of GnRH, laparoscopic follicular aspiration was used to collect oocytes. These were matured in vitro (determined by extrusion of the first polar body) and fertilized by microinje

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9

Babis, Henryk. "Development of the embryo in some species of the genus Delphinium L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 45, no. 1–2 (2015): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1976.013.

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In the 10 examined species of <i>Delphinium</i> all theoretically possible types of zygote division may be found - transverse, oblique and longitudinal. With these divisions is connected the peculiar characteristic mode of differentiation of the embryo body. Embryogenesis of two species, <i>D. tricolor</i> and <i>D. cariopetalum</i>, shows a number of regularities on the basis of which new types of embryo development in angiosperms may be distinguished. These types have been named Valerianad and Ranunculad. Probably all the <i>Delphinium</i> spec

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10

Ohta-Takada, Y., Y. Nagao, and S. Kito. "Effects of high calcium levels on the disturbed extrusion of the second polar body during in vitro fertilization in C3H/He mouse substrains." Zygote 28, no. 1 (2019): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000662.

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SummaryWe previously reported that high concentrations (≥3.42 mM) of calcium during in vitro fertilization (IVF) disturbed the extrusion of the second polar body (PBII) in C3H/He inbred mice. In this study, the substrain specificity of this phenomenon was examined under 1.71–6.84 mM calcium concentration in ova from six C3H/He mouse commercially available substrains in Japan. PBII extrusion in ova from J substrains was not affected by calcium concentrations (<10% at any calcium level), but was grossly disturbed at high calcium levels in the ova of other substrains. This result has practical

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11

Crowther, R. J., T. H. Meedel, and J. R. Whittaker. "Differentiation of tropomyosin-containing myofibrils in cleavage-arrested ascidian zygotes expressing acetylcholinesterase." Development 109, no. 4 (1990): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.109.4.953.

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Two muscle differentiation programs, acetylcholinesterase and tropomyosin-containing filaments and fibrils, occur together in the same cleavage-arrested zygotes (1-celled) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Coexpression in such undivided but developing ‘embryos’ is consistent with the idea that separate elements of muscle differentiation are related at some regulatory level, perhaps through a single multi-gene regulatory factor. Fertilized Ciona eggs were exposed to cytochalasin B for 20 h and then briefly reacted histochemically for acetylcholinesterase activity. Strongly reacting specimens

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12

Musielak, Thomas J., and Martin Bayer. "YODA signalling in the early Arabidopsis embryo." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 2 (2014): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130230.

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During early embryogenesis, flowering plants establish their principal body plan starting with an apical–basal axis. An asymmetric division of the zygote gives rise to apical and basal cells with different developmental fates. Besides WOX (WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX) transcription factors and the plant hormone auxin, the YDA (YODA)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway plays a major role in establishing different cell fates after the first zygotic division. In the present review, we summarize the available data on YDA signalling during embryogenesis. The role of YDA in other developmen

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13

Tai, Suzanna. "Mitochondrial replacement therapy and the “three parent baby”." SURG Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v9i1.3800.

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The mitochondria contained in eukaryotic cells have their own DNA, and heritable mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can cause a variety of disorders in humans. A new therapy, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), is currently being developed to address these mitochondrial disorders by eliminating the mutated mtDNA from the germline. The two main MRT techniques are pronuclear transfer, conducted in the zygote after fertilization, and spindle-chromosomal complex transfer, conducted in the oocyte before fertilization. In pronuclear transfer, the pronuclei from a zygote affected by a mtDNA

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14

Gardner, R. L. "The early blastocyst is bilaterally symmetrical and its axis of symmetry is aligned with the animal-vegetal axis of the zygote in the mouse." Development 124, no. 2 (1997): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.2.289.

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At least one polar body, almost invariably the second, persists intact to the early blastocyst stage in nearly two-thirds of mouse conceptuses of the PO strain. The distribution in early blastocysts of these surviving polar bodies was highly non-random. Most not only lay in the mid-region of the embryonic-abembryonic axis but, on discovering that early blastocysts are bilaterally rather than radially symmetrical about this axis, were found to align with the bilateral axis. Cell marking experiments failed to detect movement of polar bodies relative to the surface of the conceptus during either

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Boiani, Michele, Ellen Casser, Georg Fuellen, and Elisabeth S. Christians. "Totipotency continuity from zygote to early blastomeres: a model under revision." Reproduction 158, no. 2 (2019): R49—R65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0462.

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The mammalian zygote is a totipotent cell that generates all the cells of a new organism through embryonic development. However, if one asks about the totipotency of blastomeres after one or two zygotic divisions, opinions differ. As it is impossible to determine the individual developmental potency of early blastomeres in an intact embryo, experiments of blastomere isolation were conducted in various species, showing that two-cell blastomeres could give rise to a new organism when sister cells were separated. A mainstream interpretation was that each of the sister mammalian blastomeres was eq

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16

Torres-Ruiz, R. A., and G. Jurgens. "Mutations in the FASS gene uncouple pattern formation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis development." Development 120, no. 10 (1994): 2967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.10.2967.

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The pattern of cell division is very regular in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, enabling seedling structures to be traced back to groups of cells in the early embryo. Recessive mutations in the FASS gene alter the pattern of cell division from the zygote, without interfering with embryonic pattern formation: although no primordia of seedling structures can be recognised by morphological criteria at the early-heart stage, all elements of the body pattern are differentiated in the seedling. fass seedlings are strongly compressed in the apical-basal axis and enlarged circumferentially, notably in the

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Severson, Aaron F., and Bruce Bowerman. "Myosin and the PAR proteins polarize microfilament-dependent forces that shape and position mitotic spindles in Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Cell Biology 161, no. 1 (2003): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200210171.

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In Caenorhabditis elegans, the partitioning proteins (PARs), microfilaments (MFs), dynein, dynactin, and a nonmuscle myosin II all localize to the cortex of early embryonic cells. Both the PARs and the actomyosin cytoskeleton are required to polarize the anterior-posterior (a-p) body axis in one-cell zygotes, but it remains unknown how MFs influence embryonic polarity. Here we show that MFs are required for the cortical localization of PAR-2 and PAR-3. Furthermore, we show that PAR polarity regulates MF-dependent cortical forces applied to astral microtubules (MTs). These forces, which appear

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18

Tykarska, Teresa. "Rape embryogenesis I. The proembryo development." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 45, no. 1–2 (2015): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1976.001.

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The development of the proembryo of rape <i>Brassica napus</i> L. from the zygote to the young embryo proper is described. A number of regularities were found in the direction, succession, and distribution of segmental and differentiating divisions of the proembryo. The direction of the divisions seems to foe determined by the direction of growth and the shape of the cells. The termyoung embryo proper is proposed to denote the globular embryo which already possesses separate plerome and periblem mother-cells and mother-cells of the iec layer and of clumella. The body of the embryo

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Cardoso, Francisco Nivaldo Monteiro, and Antonio da Conceição Filho. "A UTILIZAÇÃO DO ZYGOTE BODY COMO RECURSO DE AULAS PRÁTICAS NA DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA E CIÊNCIAS: uma pauta sobre o conteúdo de anatomia humana." TICs & EaD em Foco 10, no. 1 (2024): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ticsead.v10i1.649.

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Os Laboratórios são partes essenciais para as disciplinas que estão dentro das Ciências da Natureza. Com a pandemia do novo Coronavírus (COVID-19), os professores dessas áreas precisaram se reinventar, para que os alunos pudessem conciliar teoria com a prática. Assim fazendo a utilização de Laboratórios Virtuais de Aprendizagem (LVA). Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento na base de dados científicos Google Acadêmico sobre o LVA Zygote Body como recurso para se utilizar na disciplina de Biologia e ou Ciências no recorte de 2018 a 2022. Para tanto utilizou-s

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Gupta, M. K., S. J. Uhm, M. R. Park, Z. C. Das, and H. T. Lee. "64 INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ACTIVITY IN PORCINE OOCYTES AND ZYGOTES VITRIFIED BY SOLID SURFACE VITRIFICATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab64.

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This study investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity on the viability and fertilization rate of porcine IVM oocytes and on the developmental competence of IVF zygotes after solid surface vitrification (SSV). The SSV was performed essentially as we described earlier (Gupta MK et al. 2007 Theriogenology 67, 238–248). Briefly, matured oocytes having first polar body or zygotes having second polar body were equilibrated in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 2% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) for 10 to 15 m

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Tang, Ya-xu, Santiago Munné, Adrienne Reing, Glenn Schattman, Jamie Grifo, and Jacques Cohen. "The parental origin of the distal pronucleus in dispermic human zygotes." Zygote 2, no. 1 (1994): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001799.

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SummaryThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the parental origin og the pronucleus furthest from the second polar body (the distal pronucleus) in dispermic human zygotes. Infact dispermic embryos (n = 53) and those from which the distal pronucles (n =50) was removed at the zygote stage were biopsied after cleavage. Blastomeres were sexed using either coamplification of X and Y probes using a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with directly fluorochrome-labelled probes for chromosomes X, Y and 18. The ratio X/Y was dete

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Nguyen, H., M. Ko, M. A. Ortega, J. Marh, and W. S. Ward. "ORC4 plays a role in polar body extrusion in the mouse oocyte and zygote." Fertility and Sterility 102, no. 3 (2014): e203-e204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.687.

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23

Erten, E. Yagmur, and Hanna Kokko. "From zygote to a multicellular soma: Body size affects optimal growth strategies under cancer risk." Evolutionary Applications 13, no. 7 (2020): 1593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12969.

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24

Savard, Pierre. "Body axis determination during early development in amphibians." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 10-11 (1992): 875–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-136.

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The specification of the main axes of the body is a phenomenon based on cell communication and is among the early crucial events of embryonic development. Upon fertilization, the amphibian egg reorganizes its cytoplasmic content, leading to the establishment of the future dorsal–ventral axis of the body. Heterogeneous distribution of maternal components confers cellular regionalization after only a few mitoses. Development up to the 4000-cell stage proceeds almost entirely on maternal materials, and during this period there is remodeling of the chromatin to set up specific gene expression in v

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Saputro, Anip Dwi. "Implementasi Pengaturan Karakter, Fisik dan Jenis Kelamin Janin (dalam Kajian Tradisi, Sains dan Islam)." Istawa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijpi.v2i1.362.

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Considering each cell between the reproductive cells contain half the amount contained in the cell body and assigned to him, the existence of post-law partner is one sign of the greatness of God in creating his creatures. This is due to the merging of both male and female reproductive cells to form the zygote, then fulfilled the specified number of chromosomes to the human species, creating diversity in character between both parents and children are increasingly enrich life and make it more alive. This diversity also prove absolusitas power of God that is designing such a process that occurs

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Kawamura, Machika, Satoshi Funaya, Kenta Sugie, Masataka G. Suzuki, and Fugaku Aoki. "Asymmetrical deposition and modification of histone H3 variants are essential for zygote development." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 8 (2021): e202101102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101102.

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The pericentromeric heterochromatin of one-cell embryos forms a unique, ring-like structure around the nucleolar precursor body, which is absent in somatic cells. Here, we found that the histone H3 variants H3.1 and/or H3.2 (H3.1/H3.2) were localized asymmetrically between the male and female perinucleolar regions of the one-cell embryos; moreover, asymmetrical histone localization influenced DNA replication timing. The nuclear deposition of H3.1/3.2 in one-cell embryos was low relative to other preimplantation stages because of reduced H3.1/3.2 mRNA expression and incorporation efficiency. Th

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Roegiers, F., C. Djediat, R. Dumollard, C. Rouviere, and C. Sardet. "Phases of cytoplasmic and cortical reorganizations of the ascidian zygote between fertilization and first division." Development 126, no. 14 (1999): 3101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.14.3101.

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Many eggs undergo reorganizations that localize determinants specifying the developmental axes and the differentiation of various cell types. In ascidians, fertilization triggers spectacular reorganizations that result in the formation and localization of distinct cytoplasmic domains that are inherited by early blastomeres that develop autonomously. By applying various imaging techniques to the transparent eggs of Phallusia mammillata, we now define 9 events and phases in the reorganization of the surface, cortex and the cytoplasm between fertilization and first cleavage. We show that two of t

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Gianasi, Bruno L., Jean-François Hamel, and Annie Mercier. "Full allogeneic fusion of embryos in a holothuroid echinoderm." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1879 (2018): 20180339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0339.

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Whole-body chimaeras (organisms composed of genetically distinct cells) have been directly observed in modular/colonial organisms (e.g. corals, sponges, ascidians); whereas in unitary deuterostosmes (including mammals) they have only been detected indirectly through molecular analysis. Here, we document for the first time the step-by-step development of whole-body chimaeras in the holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa , a unitary deuterostome belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most derived unitary metazoan in which direct investigation of zygote fusibilit

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Lowdon, Rebecca F., and Devjanee Swain-Lenz. "From DNA to a human: What the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenome Projects can teach us about how we are who we are." Biochemist 37, no. 5 (2015): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03705024.

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The assembly of the human genome sequence revealed that there are 3.2 billion bases in our genome, but what was less clear at the time was how this vast amount of information was organised and expressed to ensure that a single-celled zygote was able to develop into a fully functioning human body. The ENCODE project began the quest to identify and assign function to different elements within the genome and the Roadmap Epigenome Project has continued this journey by mapping chemical modifications such as DNA methylation, which are known to affect gene expression. Understanding these elements and

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Ijiri, Takashi W., A. K. M. Mahbub Hasan, and Ken-ichi Sato. "Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in the Biological Functions Associated with Sperm." Journal of Signal Transduction 2012 (November 11, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/181560.

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In sexual reproduction, two gamete cells (i.e., egg and sperm) fuse (fertilization) to create a newborn with a genetic identity distinct from those of the parents. In the course of these developmental processes, a variety of signal transduction events occur simultaneously in each of the two gametes, as well as in the fertilized egg/zygote/early embryo. In particular, a growing body of knowledge suggests that the tyrosine kinase Src and/or other protein-tyrosine kinases are important elements that facilitate successful implementation of the aforementioned processes in many animal species. In th

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Shetty, Nirmalchandra K. "Inheritance of Chromosomes, Sex Determination, and the Human Genome." Gender and the Genome 2, no. 1 (2018): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289718787131.

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Who is the determining factor for the sex of the offspring—mother, father, or both parents? This fundamental hypothesis proposes a new model of sex determination, challenging the existing dogma that the male Y chromosome of the father is the sole determinant of the sex of the offspring. According to modern science, the 3 X chromosomes (male XY and female XX) are assumed to be similar, and the sex of the offspring is determined after the zygote is formed. In contrast to this, the new hypothesis based on theoretical research proposes that the 3 X chromosomes can be differentiated, based on the p

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Abdullah, Mohammad, Nafasat Ali Ansari, and Mohd Abu Bakar Quadri. "Concept about Fertilization in Unani System of Medicine." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 1 (2024): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240120.

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In ancient times, when people had no interest in inventions and discoveries, but only made gauntlets and swords to fight wars, and there were only a few wealthy families who traded, we do not expect anyone to have high-tech laboratories and study embryology and preparations to inform humanity about the different stages of intrauterine life that modern scientists discovered only a century ago. From ancient to the modern period various definitions of fertilization have been given e.g. fusion of male and female gamete to form new individual organism (zygote and Istiqrār-i-Ḥaml). The ancient Egypt

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Kohata, C., and H. Funahashi. "216 PRONUCLEAR FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF MATURE PORCINE OOCYTES DERIVED FROM SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED FOLLICLES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab216.

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The maturation rate of oocytes derived from small follicles (SF) is known to be lower than that of oocytes from medium follicles (MF). The objective of this study was to assess the fertilizability and developmental competence of mature SF oocytes that were selected by the presence of the first polar body. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were aspirated from SF (1 to 2 mm in diameter) or MF (3 to 6 mm in diameter) of prepuberal ovaries. The COC were cultured in modified porcine oocyte medium supplemented with gonadotropins and dibutyryl cAMP for the first 20-h period and then in gonadotropin-free

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Clairambault, Jean. "Le cancer comme désorganisation localisée du plan corporel." Revue française de psychosomatique 66, no. 2 (2024): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfps.066.0083.

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Une désorganisation suppose une organisation préexistante. Dans le cas du cancer, il s’agit de celle qui est mise place par le plan corporel (Bauplan, body plan), programme de construction physiologique et anatomique qui constitue les organismes multicellulaires des animaux, présent pour chaque espèce dans chaque cellule depuis le zygote initial, l’œuf fécondé, jusqu’aux 200 à 400 types cellulaires différenciés chez l’Homme, qui constituent un organisme cohérent et fonctionnel. Cette organisation, résultat de ce programme efficace, comme le montre sa réalisation sans faille, propre à chaque es

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Vallade, Jean, François Bugnon, and Zhour Ibannain. "Interprétation morphologique de l'embryon chez les Embryophytes, avec application au cas des Graminées (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 2 (1993): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-027.

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A new interpretation of the Monocotyledoneae embryo is presented following a reinvestigation of the fundamental transformations characterizing the evolution of the zygote to a plantlet, in the Archegoniatae division or Embryophyta subkingdom (including Bryophyta). The following elementary processes of embryogenesis were analysed: segmentation, territorial differentiation, histogen differentiation, and organic differentiation, the latter being related to the formation of terminal meristems. Embryos belonging to very different systematic groups are compared by a diagram showing the development o

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Thorpe, Jeremy, Ikeoluwa A. Osei-Owusu, Bracha Erlanger Avigdor, Rossella Tupler, and Jonathan Pevsner. "Mosaicism in Human Health and Disease." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (2020): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-041720-093403.

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Mosaicism refers to the occurrence of two or more genomes in an individual derived from a single zygote. Germline mosaicism is a mutation that is limited to the gonads and can be transmitted to offspring. Somatic mosaicism is a postzygotic mutation that occurs in the soma, and it may occur at any developmental stage or in adult tissues. Mosaic variation may be classified in six ways: ( a) germline or somatic origin, ( b) class of DNA mutation (ranging in scale from single base pairs to multiple chromosomes), ( c) developmental context, ( d) body location(s), ( e) functional consequence (includ

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Gilchrist, E. J., and D. G. Moerman. "Mutations in the sup-38 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans suppress muscle-attachment defects in unc-52 mutants." Genetics 132, no. 2 (1992): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.2.431.

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Abstract Mutations in the unc-52 locus of Caenorhabditis elegans have been classified into three different groups based on their complex pattern of complementation. These mutations result in progressive paralysis (class 1 mutations) or in lethality (class 2 and 3 mutations). The paralysis exhibited by animals carrying class 1 mutations is caused by disruption of the myofilaments at their points of attachment to the cell membrane in the body wall muscle cells. We have determined that mutations of this class also have an effect on the somatic gonad, and this may be due to a similar disruption in

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Han, Yong-Hee, Kyoung-Bin Ryu, Brenda I. Medina Jiménez, Jung Kim, Hae-Youn Lee, and Sung-Jin Cho. "Muscular Development in Urechis unicinctus (Echiura, Annelida)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (2020): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072306.

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Echiura is one of the most intriguing major subgroups of phylum Annelida because, unlike most other annelids, echiuran adults lack metameric body segmentation. Urechis unicinctus lives in U-shape burrows of soft sediments. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of U. unicinctus. Herein, we overviewed the developmental process from zygote to juvenile U. unicinctus using immunohistochemistry and F-actin staining for the nervous and muscular systems, respectively. Through F-actin staining, we found that muscle fibers began to form in the trochophore phase and th

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Lauren Rahmadona, Jesika Indriani, Nurli Hayati, and Linda Yarni. "Analisis Perkembangan Masa Pranatal." CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/cendikia.v4i1.2236.

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The research aims to analyze knowledge about child development in the prenatal or prenatal period starting from understanding prenatal development, characteristics of the prenatal period, and the prenatal development period. The research method used in this research is library research. Data collection techniques use library research in the form of books, journals and other studies. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis. The research results show that prenatal or prenatal development begins at fertilization until birth, which occurs around nine months. The characteristics inclu

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Aitken, R. John, Geoffry N. De Iuliis, and Brett Nixon. "The Sins of Our Forefathers: Paternal Impacts on De Novo Mutation Rate and Development." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043617.

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Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are generally characterized by excellent DNA surveillance and repair, resulting in one of the lowest spontaneous mutation rates in the body. However, the barriers to mutagenesis can be overwhelmed under two sets of circumstances. First, replication errors may generate age-dependent mutations that provide the mutant cells with a selective advantage, leading to the clonal expansions responsible for dominant genetic diseases such as Apert syndrome and achondroplasia. The second mechanism centers on the vulnerability of the male germline to oxidative stress and the

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Agrawal, Mukta, Amit Alexander, Junaid Khan, et al. "Recent Biomedical Applications on Stem Cell Therapy: A Brief Overview." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14, no. 2 (2019): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x13666181002161700.

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Stem cells are the specialized cell population with unique self-renewal ability and act as the precursor of all the body cells. Broadly, stem cells are of two types one is embryonic stem cells while the other is adult or somatic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells of zygote of the blastocyst which give rise to all kind of body cells including embryonic cells, and it can reconstruct a complete organism. While the adult stem cells have limited differentiation ability in comparison with embryonic stem cells and it proliferates into some specific kind of cells. This unique ability of th

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Gavrilov-Zimin, Ilya A. "Ancient reproductive modes and criteria of multicellularity." Comparative Cytogenetics 17 (October 20, 2023): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.109671.

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It is demonstrated that the initial method of fertilization in animals (Metazoa), embryophyte plants (Embryophyta), most groups of multicellular oogamous algae, oogamous and pseudoogamous multicellular fungi was internal fertilization (in the broad meaning) in/on the body of a maternal organism. Accordingly, during the bisexual process, the initial method of formation of a daughter multicellular organism in animals was viviparity, and in embryophyte plants and most groups of oogamous multicellular algae – the germination of a zygote in/on the body of maternal organism. The reproductive criteri

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Gavrilov-Zimin, Ilya A. "Ancient reproductive modes and criteria of multicellularity." Comparative Cytogenetics 17, no. () (2023): 195–238. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.109671.

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It is demonstrated that the initial method of fertilization in animals (Metazoa), embryophyte plants (Embryophyta), most groups of multicellular oogamous algae, oogamous and pseudoogamous multicellular fungi was internal fertilization (in the broad meaning) in/on the body of a maternal organism. Accordingly, during the bisexual process, the initial method of formation of a daughter multicellular organism in animals was viviparity, and in embryophyte plants and most groups of oogamous multicellular algae – the germination of a zygote in/on the body of maternal organism. The reproductive criteri

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Sherman, Irwin W. "Membrane structure and function of malaria parasites and the infected erythrocyte." Parasitology 91, no. 3 (1985): 609–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000062843.

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SUMMARYAccording to the World Health Organization the global estimate of malaria is over 200 million infections, the majority of which are caused by the most life-threatening species,Plasmodium falciparum(Report of the Steering Committees of the Scientific Working Groups on Malaria, World Health Organization, June 1983). The causative agent of the disease, the malarial parasite, requires two hosts: a blood-sucking mosquito and a blood-containing vertebrate. Commonly, infection of the vertebrate begins when an infected mosquito bites a suitable vertebrate and injects minute sporozoites into the

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Strome, S., P. Martin, E. Schierenberg, and J. Paulsen. "Transformation of the germ line into muscle in mes-1 mutant embryos of C. elegans." Development 121, no. 9 (1995): 2961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.9.2961.

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Mutations in the maternal-effect sterile gene mes-1 cause the offspring of homozygous mutant mothers to develop into sterile adults. Lineage analysis revealed that mutant offspring are sterile because they fail to form primordial germ cells during embryogenesis. In wild-type embryos, the primordial germ cell P4 is generated via a series of four unequal stem-cell divisions of the zygote. mes-1 embryos display a premature and progressive loss of polarity in these divisions: P0 and P1 undergo apparently normal unequal divisions and cytoplasmic partitioning, but P2 (in some embryos) and P3 (in mos

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Genet, Marion, and Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla. "The molecular and cellular features of 2-cell-like cells: a reference guide." Development 147, no. 16 (2020): dev189688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.189688.

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ABSTRACTCurrently, two main cell culture models predominate pluripotent stem cell research: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thanks to their ability to contribute to and form all tissues within the body, ESCs and iPSCs have proven invaluable in understanding pluripotent states, early embryonic development and cell differentiation, as well as in devising strategies for regenerative medicine. Comparatively little is known about totipotency – a cellular state with greater developmental potential. In mice, only the zygote and the blastomeres of the 2-cell-sta

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Weber, R. J., R. A. Pedersen, F. Wianny, M. J. Evans, and M. Zernicka-Goetz. "Polarity of the mouse embryo is anticipated before implantation." Development 126, no. 24 (1999): 5591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.24.5591.

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In most species, the polarity of an embryo underlies the future body plan and is determined from that of the zygote. However, mammals are thought to be an exception to this; in the mouse, polarity is generally thought to develop significantly later, only after implantation. It has not been possible, however, to relate the polarity of the preimplantation mouse embryo to that of the later conceptus due to the lack of markers that endure long enough to follow lineages through implantation. To test whether early developmental events could provide cues that predict the axes of the postimplantation

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Pisupati, Rahul, Viktoria Nizhynska, Almudena Mollá Morales, and Magnus Nordborg. "On the causes of gene-body methylation variation in Arabidopsis thaliana." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 5 (2023): e1010728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010728.

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Gene-body methylation (gbM) refers to sparse CG methylation of coding regions, which is especially prominent in evolutionarily conserved house-keeping genes. It is found in both plants and animals, but is directly and stably (epigenetically) inherited over multiple generations in the former. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have demonstrated that plants originating from different parts of the world exhibit genome-wide differences in gbM, which could reflect direct selection on gbM, but which could also reflect an epigenetic memory of ancestral genetic and/or environmental factors. Here we look

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Powell, K. A., K. Mackie, T. G. McEvoy, et al. "230 EFFECT OF IN VITRO CULTURE TREATMENT AND DONOR EWE DIET ON IGF2R EXPRESSION IN FETAL TISSUES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab230.

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In separate experiments, elevation of donor ewe plasma urea levels and IVC of embryos in serum have been associated with occurrence of large offspring syndrome (LOS). Fetuses displaying LOS also have abnormal expression of the imprinted gene IGF2R. The present study, therefore, examined the effect of variation in donor ewe nitrogen metabolism and embryo culture on fetal development. Zygote-donor ewes were offered a diet with either a 0% (LN) or 3% urea supplement (HN) for two weeks during which superovulation and artificial insemination (AI) took place. Zygotes were recovered 36 h after AI and

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Ciemerych, M. A., D. Mesnard, and M. Zernicka-Goetz. "Animal and vegetal poles of the mouse egg predict the polarity of the embryonic axis, yet are nonessential for development." Development 127, no. 16 (2000): 3467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.16.3467.

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Recent studies suggest early (preimplantation) events might be important in the development of polarity in mammalian embryos. We report here lineage tracing experiments with green fluorescent protein showing that cells located either near to or opposite the polar body at the 8-cell stage of the mouse embryo retain their same relative positions in the blastocyst. Thus they come to lie on either end of an axis of symmetry of the blastocyst that has recently been shown to correlate with the anterior-posterior axis of the postimplantation embryo (see R. J. Weber, R. A. Pedersen, F. Wianny, M. J. E

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