Academic literature on the topic '強制連行'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic '強制連行.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "強制連行"

1

CHENG, Guobin. "知情同意臨床實踐中倫理學技術研究." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.41429.

Full text
Abstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.具體實踐中的知情同意是一種倫理學技術,注重利用現有的文化傳統、理論資源和法律工具,合理有效地分析問題、解決問題,強調它作為體現對病人基本權利的尊重和調節醫患關係手段的作用。在民主社會,知情同意乃是建立醫患權責餘的必要條件。知情同意來自於醫療活動的自發秩序:醫患雙方通過知情同意活動,明確醫療活動中雙方的權利和責任界限,進行有成效的醫療實踐。知情同意既是對基本人權的尊重,又是確保雙方責任的工具。具體實踐中的知情同意,提供一種促進多種價值觀和平共存、通過學習和對話實現平衡的運行機制,在社會整體利益優先與個人最基本權利不可侵犯的框架下滿足雙方不同的價值需求。臨床“知情同意”活動的目的在於:促進患者自主權的行使;明晰醫療活動中的權責關係,在合法限度內為醫療活動的正常進行提供保護。實踐中追求資訊的“充分”取決於患方要求的“主觀的充分”。臨床醫療活動中,醫方要不斷提高患方知情的充分程度。隨著知情程度的增加,患方自主程度隨之自動上升。目前關於“知情向意”的理論研究中,缺少對知情同意的狀況、分佈及相關因素的實地調查和量化分析,研究多集中在道德、文化理論上,實踐策略的指導意義不強。應當把知情同意視作貫穿於整個臨床醫療活動的一個連續的整體。要關注本社區成員的文化和心理結構的特殊性,從本社區歷史特點出發,建立本社區知情同意情況的常規模式和量化標準。還應當設計臨床知情同意調查制度,作為醫方制定知情同意策略的依據,同時又可作為說明醫療活動發生的真實過程的法律檔。Informed consent is an ethical technique which emphasizes using the existing cultural traditions, theoretical resources and legal instruments to analyze and solve the problems reasonably and effectively. Informed consent can thus play a significant role in adjusting the relationship between patients and physicians. As an ethical technique, it focuses on the method of applying various ethical resources and not simply on the combination of the logical consequence and criteria. In a democratic society, informed consent is a necessary requirement for the right-duty relationship between patients and physicians. Informed consent is seen as a prerequisite obligation to physicians and implies certain rights for patients. Patients and physicians are bound by informed consent so that they are able to "trade" equally. Informed consent is not only a means to confirming the property rights but also a tool of reducing the costs of "trade". In practice, informed consent helps to promote and achieve the peaceful co-existence of pluralistic values. It can do so by learning and having conversations with the other sides so that different parties can satisfy under the framework which gives priority to the total interests of society and guarantees the fundamental rights of individuals.The aims of informed consent in clinical practice are to promote the self-determination of patients and to clarify rights and duties in medical activities. In practice, the sufficiency of information depends on the subjective sufficiency of patients. Physicians should ensure that the patient comprehend the information and follow the appropriate procedure to manage and supervise. The most active method for physician to take is to increase the degree of informational sufficiency. The degree of the patient's self-determination increases accordingly with the increase of informational sufficiency. Their relationship can be described by a curve like "S".The current studies on informed consent in China lack the empirical data from field research. Most studies focus on the theoretical issues of morality and culture. As a result, research results are hardly applicable in clinical practice. Informed consent should a holistic entity in clinical practice. We should pay more attention to the specificity of the cultural and psychological structure of members of every community. We should establish the ordinary model and criteria of informed consent in the particular community. We should also design an applicable and legally-bond system of informed consent to regulate clinical practice.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 13 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

FAN, Ruiping. "導言." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81488.

Full text
Abstract:
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese本期首先推出邊林對中國大陸生命倫理學的形成及三十年來的發展歷程進行總結和反思的論文。本文富有哲學見地,且不作現實粉飾,實話實說,值得關心這一學科的人認真閱讀。在邊林看來,一種學問的本質乃是對一個事物的邏輯構建,而任何事物的合理的邏輯構建都必須與這個事物的實際發展過程以及人們對它的認識過程相統一。生命倫理學當然也不例外,其合理的構建勢必是一種邏輯體系的構建。所以,歷史與邏輯的統一是考察具有哲學特性的生命倫理學學科的重要認識視角和方法根據。邊林認為生命倫理學在美國的產生與發展在本質上體現了歷史與邏輯的統一。生命倫理學肇始於美國,恰恰是在美國社會特定歷史階段的文化與科學兩大洪流衝擊下的產物:既是具有顯著學理特徵的西方現代、後現代哲學和倫理學向生命道德領域延伸和擴展的結果,也是科學技術特別是生命科學技術開始進入快速發展期帶來的社會觀念、社會心理以及倫理標準調整、醫學和生命倫理難題大量湧現導致強烈現實需求的產物。它是在一定意義上完成了對醫學倫理學的一個超越,用更寬闊的視野和更深入的思考來認識、評價生命的道德問題,並且將這一學科置於西方倫理傳統和現代思想完整而系統的本體論承諾上。無論道德多元化為“道德異鄉人”之間帶來多少道德矛盾和差異,西方生命倫理學大體都是在自由主義的旗幟下尋求行為的道德解釋和道德根據。相對比,中國大陸生命倫理學的形成過程恰恰缺失了西方生命倫理學所具有的這種統一性。在邊林看來,中國生命倫理學的形成與發展本來也應該是歷史與邏輯的統一,可惜的是,事實並非如此。由於特定歷史階段中國社會現實以及思想和人文環境的原因,中國大陸的生命倫理學在其形成階段就存在先天性的缺陷。而且,在其發展過程中,先天缺陷並沒有得到矯正,邏輯演化過程出現了失常。邊林概述的這種缺陷和失常,在本期其他論文所論述的問題上也得到了印證和例示,諸如蔡昱所討論的臨床醫療決策權之歸屬問題,姜蘭姝等所關注的老人長期照護問題,鄧蕊所探討的倫理審查的制度歷史、運行現狀與困境問題,以及李菊萍所報告的DNA 親子鑒定的倫理與法律問題。最後,邊林深刻地指出,中國現在所具有的生命倫理學並不是、至少從根本意義上說還不是中國自己的生命倫理學,因為它所具有的並不是生長在與它應該相連的根系上,因而不能形成以此為基礎的本體論承諾。從這種意義上我們可以認為中國還沒有生命倫理學,所以中國的生命倫理學就必然產生需要建構的問題。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 23 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Helsing, Marie, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, and Terry Hartig. "An Experimental Field Study of the Effects of Listening to Self-selected Music on Emotions, Stress, and Cortisol Levels." Music and Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 26, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i4.442.

Full text
Abstract:
Music listening may evoke meaningful emotions in listeners and may enhance certain health benefits. At the same time, it is important to consider individual differences, such as musical taste, when examining musical emotions and in considering their possible health effects. In a field experiment, 21 women listened to their own preferred music on mp3-players daily for 30 minutes during a two week time period in their own homes. One week they listened to their own chosen relaxing music and the other their own chosen energizing music. Self-reported stress, emotions and health were measured by a questionnaire each day and salivary cortisol was measured with 6 samples two consecutive days every week. The experiment group was compared to a control group (N = 20) who were instructed to relax for 30 minutes everyday for three weeks, and with a baseline week when they relaxed without music for one week (before the music intervention weeks). The results showed that when participants in the experiment group listened to their own chosen music they reported to have experienced significantly higher intensity positive emotions and less stress than when they relaxed without music. There was also a significant decrease in cortisol from the baseline week to the second music intervention week. The control group’s reported stress levels, perceived emotions and cortisol levels remain stable during all three weeks of the study. Together these results suggest that listening to preferred music may be a more effective way of reducing feelings of stress and cortisol levels and increasing positive emotions than relaxing without music. Keywords: music, emotions, stress, cortisol levelsSpanishEstudio experimental de Campo de los efectos de la Escucha de Musica seleccionada por uno mismo en las emociones, el stress y los niveles de cortisol.Marie Helsing, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, Terry Hartig La escucha musical puede evocar emociones significativas en los oyentes y puede lograr algunos beneficios en la salud. Al mismo tiempo, es importante considerar las diferencias individuales, como por ejemplo el gusto musical, cuando examinamos las emociones musicales y al considerar sus posibles efectos en la salud. En este experimento de campo 21 mujeres escucharon su música preferida 30 minutos por dia durante 2 semanas utilizando reproductores de mp3 en sus propias casas. Una semana escucharon la música que eligieron como relajante y la semana siguiente la música que eligieron como energizante. Los auto-reportes de stress, emociones y salud fueron medidos con cuestionarios diarios a la vez que se midió el nivel de cortisol en saliva con 6 muestras tomadas durante dos días consecutivos cada semana. El grupo experimental fue comparado con el grupo control (N=20) que habían sido instruidas para realizar relajación durante 30 minutos todos los días durante tres semanas y con una semana de base en la cual se relajaban sin música (antes de las semanas de intervención musical). Los resultados mostraron que cuando las participantes del grupo experimental escucharon su propia música, reportaron haber experimentado significativamente una mayor intensidad de emociones positivas y menor stress que cuando se relajaron sin música. Hubo también una disminución significativa en el cortisol desde la semana de base a la segunda semana con la intervención musical. El grupo control reportó que los niveles de stress , percepción emocional y niveles de cortisol permanecieron estables durante las tres semanas del estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que escuchar música preferida puede ser una forma más efectiva de reducir la sensación de stress y los niveles de cortisol y de incrementar las emociones positivas que la relajación sin música. Palabras clave: Escucha musical , cortisol , respuesta al stress GermanDie Effekte vom Hören selbst gewählter Musik auf Emotionen, Stress und Cortisol Level: Eine experimentelle Feldstudie Marie Helsing, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, Terry Hartig Musikhören kann beim Hörer bedeutsame Emotionen auslösen und gewisse Gesundheitsvorteile bewirken. Gleichzeitig ist es wichtig, individuelle Unterschiede, wie den musikalischen Geschmack, zu beachten, wenn man musikalische Emotionen untersucht und deren mögliche gesundheitliche Effekte betrachtet. In einem Feldexperiment hörten 21 Frauen ihre selbst gewählte Musik über einen mp3 Spieler täglich 30 Minuten während einem Zeitraum von 2 Wochen in ihrem eigenen Zuhause.Eine Woche lang hörten sie ihre selbst gewählte entspannende Musik, in der anderen Woche selbst gewählte energetisierende Musik. Selbstberichteter Stress, Emotionenund Gesundheit wurden mithilfe eines Fragebogens täglich, der Cortisolspiegel mit 6 Beispielen an zwei aufeinander folgenden Tagen wöchentlich gemessen. Die experimentelle Gruppe wurde mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen (N=20), die angewiesen wurde, 3 Wochen lang täglich 30 Minuten zu entspannen; mit einer baseline-Woche, während der sie eine Woche lang ohne Musik entspannten (vor der Musik-Interventionswoche). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Teilnehmer der experimentellen Gruppe berichteten, sie hätten bei ihrer selbst gewählten Musik signifikant höhere intensive positive Emotionen und weniger Stress, als wenn sie ohne Musik entspannten. Außerdem fand sich eine signifikante Abnahme des Cortisols von der baseline-Woche zur 2. Woche mit Musikintervention. Die von der Kontrollgruppe berichteten Stresslevel, erlebten Emotionen und der Cortisolspiegel blieben während all der drei Studienwochen stabil. Zusammengefasst lassen diese Resultate vermuten, dass Hören von selbst gewählter Musik eine effektivere Möglichkeit darstellt, Gefühle von Stress und Cortisollevel zu reduzieren und positive Gefühle zu erzeugen, wie Entspannung ohne Musik.Keywords: Musikhören, Cortisol, Stressresponse ItalianStudio Sperimentale sul Campo degli Effetti Legati all’Ascolto della Musica Auto-Selezionata sulle Emozioni, Stress, Livello del Cortisolo Marie Helsing, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, Terry HartigAscoltare musica può suscitare emozioni e può dare benefici alla salute. Allo stesso tempo però è importante prendere in considerazione le differenze individuali ,come il gusto musicale, quando si indaga sulle emozioni musicali, e considerare il loro possible effetto sulla salute. In un esperimeto sul campo 21 donne hanno ascoltato la loro musica preferita, su lettori mp3, ogni giorno, nelle loro case, per 30 minuti lungo un periodo di tempo di 2 settimane. Una settimana hanno ascoltato musica rilassante e l’alta settimana musica energizzante. Stress, emozioni e salute sono stati misurati da un questionario ogni giorno e il cortisolo della salia è stato misurato con 6 campioni due giorni consecutivi ogni settimana. Il gruppo di sperimentazione è stato messo a confroto con un altro gruppo di controllo (N= 20) al quale è stata assegnata una settimana di controllo di relax senza musica e dopo hanno avuto istruzione di rilassarsi per 30 minuti ogni giorno per tre settimane. I risultati hanno mostrato che quando i partecipanti del gruppo hanno ascoltato la loro musica essi hanno riferito di aver avuto meno stress e di aver vissuto emozioni positive in un livello significativamente piú alto rispetto a quando si rilassavano senza musica. C’è stata anche una diminuzine significativa del cortisolo nel passaggio tra la settimana di controllo alla settimana in cui è stata introdotta la musica. Il gruppo di controllo ha riportato livelli di stress, emozioni percepite e livelli di cortisolo stabili durante tutte e tre le settimane dello studio. Tutti questi risultati ci suggeriscono che rilassarsi ascoltando la nostra musica preferita può essere un modo molto efficace per ridurre i livelli di stress e di cotisolo ed aumentare le emozioni positive, rispetto a rilassarsi senza musica. Parole Chiave: ascoltare musica, cortisolo, stress Chinese聆聽自選音樂對情緒、壓力及皮質醇水平效用之實驗性實地研究聆聽音樂能激發對聆聽者而言具有意義的情緒,並有益於促進健康。於此同時,當評估音樂對情緒及健康可能帶來的影響時,考慮到個別差異(如:個人的音樂品味)至關重要。在一個實地研究中,21位女性連續兩週,每天30分鐘在家聆聽她們喜歡的音樂mp3,其中一週,他們聆聽自己選擇的放鬆音樂,另一週則聆聽自選的活力音樂。在自陳問卷中每天測量壓力值、情緒與健康狀態,並每週連續兩天測量六個唾液皮質醇樣本。在音樂介入之前,以一週沒有聆聽音樂的放鬆作為基線期,將實驗組的結果與連續三週每天進行30分鐘放鬆的控制組(N=20)比較,結果顯示和未聆聽音樂的放鬆經驗相比,實驗組的參與者表示,在她們聆聽自選音樂的時候,感受到明顯較高強度的正向情緒以及較少的壓力。同時,與第一週的基線期相比,皮質醇在第二週音樂開始介入後也顯著降低。相對的,控制組的自陳壓力值、情緒感知及皮質醇程度在研究進行的三週之中皆保持穩定。研究結果建議,在放鬆時聆聽個人偏好的音樂比沒有聆聽音樂更能有效降低壓力感與皮質醇程度,並增加正向情緒 。 Japanese自分で選んだ音楽を聴くことによる、感情、ストレス、 コルチゾール値への影響についての実験的実地調査Marie Helsing, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, Terry Hartig 音楽鑑賞は鑑賞者の有意義な感情を喚起し一定の健康利益を高める可能性がある。同時に、音楽感情を調査、またそれらの健康への影響の可能性を考察する際には、音楽の嗜好など、個人差を考慮することが重要である。実地調査では、21人の女性が各自の好む音楽を一日30分、2週間、MP3プレイヤーを使って自宅で聴いた。一週間は自分で選択したリラックスする音楽を、もう一週間は自分で選択した活力を与える音楽を聴いた。自己申告によるストレス、感情、健康がアンケートを使って毎日計測され、唾液内のコルチゾール値は、毎週2日連続して6つのサンプルを使って計測された。実験グループは毎日30分のリラクゼーションを3週間行ったコントロール群 (N=20) と比較され、コントロール群はベースラインとなる週(リラクゼーションを始める前の週)に音楽なしのリラクゼーションも行った。結果は、実験グループ参加者が好みの音楽を聴いている時、著しく高い強さでポジティブな感情を経験し、音楽なしでリラックスしている時よりもストレスが少ないということを示した。また、コルチゾール値は、ベースライン週に比べて音楽介入のあった2週目の方が有意に減少していた。コントロール群では、ストレスレベル、感情知覚、コルチゾール値が、調査中3週間において安定を保持したことが報告された。これらの結果を合わせると、好みの音楽を聴くことはよりストレス感情とコルチゾール値を減少させ、音楽なしのリラクゼーションよりもポジティブな感情を増加させることが示唆される。キーワード:音楽鑑賞、コルチゾール、ストレス反応 Korean개인선곡 음악감상이 정서, 스트레스, 코티졸 레벨에 미치는 영향에 대한 임상 실험 연구Marie Helsing, Daniel Västfjäll, Pär Bjälkebring, Patrik Juslin, Terry Hartig음악을 듣는 것은 듣는 사람에게 중요한 정서를 이끌어 낼 수 있으며 특정한 건강 혜택들을 증진시킬 수 있다. 동시에, 음악적 정서를 조사할 때, 또한 그것들이 건강에 끼칠 수 있는 영향들을 고려할 때 음악적 취향과 같은 개인차를 고려해야 한다. 임상 실험에서, 21명의 여성들은 자신의 집에서 2주 동안 매일 30분씩 MP3 플레이어로 자신이 좋아하는 음악을 들었다. 첫 일주일 동안, 그들은 자신이 선택한 이완 음악을 들었고, 두 번째 일주일간은 자신이 선택한 에너지를 주는 음악을 들었다. 매일 질문지로 자신이 보고한 스트레스, 감정, 건강 등을 평가했고, 매주 2일 연속 6개의 샘플을 가지고 타액내 코티졸을 측정했다. 실험집단은 3주 동안 매일 30분씩 이완을 시키라고 지시를 받은 통제 집단(N=20)과 비교했으며, 음악 중재 전 일주일 동안 음악 없이 이완을 시켰던 때를 기초선 주간(baseline week)으로 정했다. 그 결과, 실험 집단의 참가자들은 음악없이 이완을 시켰던 때보다 자신이 선택한 음악을 들었을 때 유의미하게 더 높은 강도의 긍정적 정서와 더 적은 스트레스를 경험했다고 보고했다. 또한 기초선 주간으로부터 두 번째 음악 중재 주까지 코티졸의 유의미한 감소도 있었다. 통제 집단이 보고한 스트레스 수준, 인식한 감정, 코티졸 레벨은 3주 간의 연구 기간 내내 안정적이었다. 이런 결과들을 종합했을 때, 선호하는 음악을 듣는 것이 음악 없이 이완을 시키는 것보다 긍정적인 정서를 증가시켜주고 스트레스 감정과 코티졸 수준을 줄여주는 보다 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 제안한다. 키워드: 음악 감상, 코티졸, 스트레스 반응
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "強制連行"

1

丸山, 豊. "1.本校における平和教育の歩みと展望(その2) : 生徒の平和認識に関して(国際理解と平和の教育について(第4報))(平和教育分科会)(特別研究)." 名古屋大学教育学部附属中学校 : 名古屋大学教育学部附属高等学校, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/4956.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

武靈媛. "強制性交連續犯罪者行為歷程之個案研究." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83174381548676843061.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography