Bibliografias temáticas / Expert citizen

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Expert citizen"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 23 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 10 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Rogers, Colin, e Geoff Coliandris. "The expert citizen". Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 88, n.º 2 (15 de maio de 2015): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x15585249.

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Repo, Petteri, e Kaisa Matschoss. "Considering expert takeovers in citizen involvement processes". Journal of Responsible Innovation 6, n.º 2 (3 de abril de 2019): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2019.1568145.

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Lotfian, Maryam, Jens Ingensand, Olivier Ertz, Simon Oulevay e Thibaud Chassin. "Auto-filtering validation in citizen science biodiversity monitoring: a case study". Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10 de julho de 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-78-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Data quality is the primary concern for researchers working on citizen science projects. The collected data by citizen science participants are heterogeneous and therefore must be validated. There are several validation approaches depending on the theme and objective of the citizen science project, but the most common approach is the expert review. While expert validation is essential in citizen science projects, considering it as the only validation approach can be very difficult and complicated for the experts. In addition, volunteers can get demotivated to contribute if they do not receive any feedback regarding their submissions. This project aims at introducing an automatic filtering mechanism for a biodiversity citizen science project. The goals of this project are to first use an available historical database of the local species to filter out the unusual ones, and second to use machine learning and image recognition techniques to verify if the observation image corresponds with the right species type. The submissions that does not successfully pass the automatic filtering will be flagged as unusual and goes through expert review. The objective is on the one hand to simplify validation task by the experts, and on the other hand to increase participants’ motivation by giving them real-time feedback on their submissions. Finally, the flagged observations will be classified as valid, valid but uncommon, and invalid, and the observation outliers (rare species) can be identified for each specific region.</p>

CARLSON, MATTHEW. "Public Opinion on Dimensions of Governance in East Asia: An Analysis of Citizen and Expert Evaluations". Japanese Journal of Political Science 8, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2007): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109907002678.

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In recent years, institutional financial institutions such as the World Bank have taken a keen interest in the links between governance and economic development in East Asia and in other regions of the world. However, the concept of governance has proven difficult to measure in cross-national studies and its meaning in the minds of citizens and experts may differ noticeably. This article examines elite and mass perceptions of governance using the World Governance Indicators developed by scholars affiliated with the World Bank and survey data derived from the 2006 wave of the AsiaBarometer Survey conducted in seven ‘Confucian’ societies. The results of the analysis capture considerable variation at the country and individual levels for how citizens and experts perceive governance in this region of the world. In addition, a multivariate test uncovered some convergence between citizen and expert assessments but only for some of the various governance components.

Darmofal, David. "Elite Cues and Citizen Disagreement with Expert Opinion". Political Research Quarterly 58, n.º 3 (setembro de 2005): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595609.

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Darmofal, David. "Elite Cues and Citizen Disagreement with Expert Opinion". Political Research Quarterly 58, n.º 3 (setembro de 2005): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591290505800302.

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Herschan, Jo, Richard King, Theresa Mkandawire, Kenan Okurut, Dan J. Lapworth, Rosalind Malcolm e Katherine Pond. "The Potential for Citizen Science to Improve the Reach of Sanitary Inspections". Resources 9, n.º 12 (6 de dezembro de 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9120142.

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To achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking-water quality and sanitation for all, and 10, to reduce inequality within and among countries, additional and urgent work is required. Efforts to achieve these Goals in the context of small drinking-water supplies, which are the furthest behind in regards to progress, are of particular need. Reasons for this disparity in progress include the remoteness of access to small drinking-water supplies and the lack of technical and financial capacity for monitoring supplies. The World Health Organization promote the use of Sanitary inspection (SI) as an on-site assessment of risk. Despite the potential to increase the body of knowledge and information on supplies in a region, there has been limited research into the role of citizen science and SIs. To meet SDG targets, we need to improve the reach of SIs. This study uses a mixed methods approach of quantitative on-site SI data collection and remote SI data collection via photographic images, together with qualitative data collection, collected by non-expert students, who are citizens of Malawi, as well as a panel of experts in the field of SI. Results indicate that, although further research into the topic is required prior to widescale implementation, the potential exists for citizens to conduct SI, with remote expert verification of the results using photographic images of supplies. Further documentation or guidance is required to support citizens in this process. The results highlight a critical gap in the availability of appropriate documentation for unprotected spring sources which is urgently required. The use of citizen science for SI data collection is in its infancy. However, this study indicates that there is potential to explore the use of citizen science in this area, which will contribute to achieving SDGs 6 and 10.

Dommett, Katharine, e Luke Temple. "The Expert Cure? Exploring the Restorative Potential of Expertise for Public Satisfaction With Parties". Political Studies 68, n.º 2 (10 de maio de 2019): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719844122.

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The declining legitimacy of political parties has become something of a truism in political science discourse. Less often reflected upon is how these legitimacy problems could potentially be resolved. This article contributes to this underexplored issue by examining the restorative potential of expertise as a supplement to intra-party democracy. Building on an established literature on Stealth Democracy, we explore the potential for expert-inspired reforms to boost citizens’ satisfaction with parties. Using original survey questions, we provide evidence that a perceived lack of expert engagement in parties predicts citizen dissatisfaction, before using deliberative workshop data to distil traits that define the appeal of experts and expertise. This mixed-methods approach allows us to demonstrate some common desires of which parties should be aware, but also traits that make these ideas difficult to realise. Combining these insights, we argue that while expertise has appeal, parties face considerable challenges in satisfying citizens’ desires.

Charron, Nicholas. "Do corruption measures have a perception problem? Assessing the relationship between experiences and perceptions of corruption among citizens and experts". European Political Science Review 8, n.º 1 (14 de janeiro de 2015): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000447.

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How well do corruption perception measures reflect actual levels of public sector corruption? Leading cross-national corruption perception measures have come under much theoretical and empirical scrutiny in recent years, with serious implications for the validity and reliability of the data in this ever growing sub-field. Critics argue that perceptions – in particular those of outside experts – do not reflect actual corruption in that they are far too ‘noisy’ or simply biased by external factors such as economic performance. Moreover, a number of recent empirical studies, focused on developing areas, have put forth evidence that outside expert assessments of corruption correspond little, if at all, with the experiences and views of actual citizens, and that such a lack of correspondence demonstrates pessimism for existing perception measures. This study offers a systematic analysis of the empirical strength of corruption perception measures in a previously unexplored area in this debate – Europe. Using new survey data collected by the author based on 85,000 European respondents in 24 countries, this issue is analyzed directly, addressing several contemporary critiques of the data. First, perceptions of citizens with, and without, personal corruption experience are compared at both the national and sub-national level in Europe. Second, external factors are checked, which might bias the extent to which citizens perceive corruption relative to how much actual corruption exists in countries and regions. Finally, expert perception indicators and citizen perceptions and experiences are compared. In summary, strong counter-evidence is found to the prevailing pessimistic claims in the literature – the consistency between actual reported corruption, as well as citizen and expert perceptions of corruption, is remarkably high and such perceptions are swayed little by ‘outside noise’. I conclude that, although existing corruption measures certainly have their share of problems, concerns regarding the validity and bias of perceptions have, perhaps, been overstated.

J Storer, Jeremy, Joseph T. Chao, Andrew T Torelli e Alexis D Ostrowski. "KnoWare: A System for Citizen-based Environmental Monitoring". Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 19 (2016): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3500.

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Non-expert scientists are frequently involved in research requiring data acquisition over large geographic areas. Despite mutual benefits for such “citizen science”, barriers also exist, including 1) difficulty maintaining user engagement with timely feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to generate reliable data. We have developed a system that addresses these barriers. Our technologies, KnoWare and InSpector, allow users to: collect reliable scientific measurements, map geo-tagged data, and intuitively visualize the results in real-time. KnoWare comprises a web portal and an iOS app with two core functions. First, users can generate scientific ‘queries’ that entail a call for information posed to a crowd with customized options for participant responses and viewing data. Second, users can respond to queries with their GPS-enabled mobile device, which results in their geo- and time-stamped responses populating a web-accessible map in real time. KnoWare can also interface with additional applications to diversify the types of data that can be reported. We demonstrate this capability with a second iOS app called InSpector that performs quantitative water quality measurements. When used in combina-tion, these technologies create a workflow to facilitate the collection, sharing and interpretation of scientific data by non-expert scientists.

Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Holmgren, Sebastian. "Gamified Citizen Science : A Study of Expert Users in the Field of Biodiversity". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Människa-datorinteraktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415125.

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In previous research, researchers have looked into different gamified applications of citizen science such as fold.it, Zooniverse and Happy Moths. However, the users and participants of these studies are often on different skill levels, or beginners in the field. In this study, 10 expert users who submit their findings of species to Artdatabanken, an organisation that works in the field of biodiversity, were interviewed to find out their motivations for reporting their findings. This was done with the goal of finding what type of gamification that might suit these expert users to increase the quality of the data submitted through Artportalen, together with any obstacles that might hinder it. Through a latent thematic analysis and comparing the themes to Bartle’s Taxonomy of Players, the results show that these users were mainly of the types ‘achiever’ and ‘socialiser’. The answers were also compared to the theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which showed that the users are mainly reporting because of extrinsic motivation. While this supports the implementation of gamification there were things that would rather be solved by increasing usability.

Kiptoo, Caroline Chepkoech. "An ontology and crowd computing model for expert-citizen knowledge transfer in biodiversity management". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62776.

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Knowledge transfer has been identified as a strategic process for bridging the persistent gap between theory and practice. In biodiversity management, experts generate different types of knowledge that is transferred to citizen communities for practice. On the other hand, citizens constantly interact with their biosphere and from time to time are requested to convey ground knowledge to the experts for scientific analysis and interpretation. The transfer of knowledge between experts and citizens is faced by different challenges key among them being the large volume of the knowledge, complexity of the knowledge, as well as variegated absorptive capacity among citizen communities. Knowledge transfer models adopted for expert-citizen engagement in the biodiversity management domain must therefore consider these characteristics of the domain. Advances in computing technologies present opportunities to create knowledge transfer models that can minimize these challenges. Current knowledge transfer models were created mainly for organizational knowledge transfer and without consideration of specific computing technologies as a mode of knowledge transfer. These challenges and opportunities highlighted a need to investigate how a technology-based knowledge transfer model for biodiversity management could be created. The focus of this study was to explore enhancement of knowledge transfer in the biodiversity management domain using two specific technologies; knowledge representation using ontologies and crowd computing. The research draws from existing knowledge transfer models and properties of the two technologies. This study assumed the pragmatist philosophical stance and adopted the design science research (DSR) approach which is characterised by two intertwined cycles of ‘build’ and ‘evaluate’. The research produced two main contributions from the two cycles. The build cycle led to creation of a technology-based model for knowledge transfer between experts and citizens in the biodiversity domain and was named the Biodiversity Management Knowledge Transfer (BiMaKT) model. Evaluation cycle resulted in development of a platform for transfer of biodiversity management knowledge between experts and citizens. The BiMaKT model reveals that two technologies; knowledge representation using ontologies and crowd computing, could be synergised to enable knowledge transfer between experts and citizens in biodiversity management. It is suggested that this model be utilised to guide development of biodiversity management applications where knowledge needs to be transferred between experts and citizens. The model also presents opportunity for exploration in other domains, especially where experts and citizens need to exchange knowledge. The knowledge transfer platform, reveals that the BiMaKT model could be used to guide development of biodiversity management knowledge transfer platforms. The study utilises a case of fruit fly control and management knowledge transfer between fruit fly experts and fruit farmers for evaluation of the contributions. An experiment using the case demonstrated that the challenges facing knowledge transfer in the domain could be reduced through ontological modelling of domain knowledge and harnessing of online crowds participation through crowd computing. The platform presents opportunity for more empirical studies on usage of the platform in knowledge transfer activities.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Informatics
PhD
Unrestricted

Axelson, Jacob, e Milena Axklo. "SKA VI PRATA OM DET? : En experimentell studie kring deliberation inom ramen för den kommunalpolitiska arenan". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54831.

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Democracy in Sweden is facing a plethora of serious challenges. The ability of political parties to engage and activate non-political citizens have been greatly reduced over the last 50 years, meanwhile the risk of increased polarization the coming years is prominent and alarming. This essay attempts to combine modern representative democracy with the ideal of deliberative democracy. The aim is to investigate if deliberation can contribute to the solution of these problems. This is accomplished through a study inspired by James Fishkin’s Deliberative Poll. Local politicians in Sweden have been invited to answer a questionnaire after which they participate in deliberation before answering a second questionnaire. The difference in results between the two questionnaires are then compared to show the effect of deliberation. There is a clear visual difference between the politician’s answers in the two questionnaires. Nevertheless, this difference is only statistically proven in one out of the 22 tests that were run. Therefore, this study cannot draw any conclusions regarding the true effect of deliberation. Nevertheless, deliberation among local politicians in Sweden seems to be successful based on a visual comparison of the results from the two questionnaires and further study is deemed desirable.

Thomsen, Dana Christine, e n/a. "Community-Based Research: An Opportunity for Collaboration and Social Change". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050323.174017.

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Natural resource managers are facing increasing challenges as environmental degradation accelerates and the need to integrate a broad spectrum of community experiences into management decisions is increasingly recognised. To help meet these novel challenges, this study explores how professional researchers and communities can combine their skills and learn to work in partnerships to achieve shared management goals. Community-based research involves people as citizen scientists, whereby citizens actively participate in research on local issues. The inclusive nature of community-based research has the ability to produce auxiliary benefits uncommon in conventional research. These include the development of social capital and social learning as the practice of citizen science empowers communities with new skills, knowledge and social networks, thus building capacity within communities to take an effective role in natural resource management. Community-based research also has the potential to enrich the range of management options available by increasing the breadth of accessible knowledge. However, despite much rhetoric about democratising science, little is known about the practice, value and problems of involving citizens as collaborators in natural resource management research projects. This thesis presents the findings from a comparative survey of the attitudes to community-based research held by 'citizen' scientists, on the one hand, and 'expert' scientists and natural resource managers, on the other. It also draws upon a multi-site case study, set in a diverse urban-rural catchment, where an integrated research program was established for different natural resource management agencies to work with each other and community groups to develop research protocols so that community groups could participate in assessing the health of catchment areas. This involved scientists, natural resource managers and community education/extension officers working with established community groups to develop and trial modified scientific methods for the environmental monitoring of catchment and estuarine areas. This inter-agency/community project was continued as a case study site into the second and third years of research and was augmented in the second and third years by focusing on two of the initial community groups as second and third case study sites in their own right. Synthesis of both survey and case study analysis reveals that, despite resource and attitudinal barriers, community-based research can ensure access to local knowledge and increased relevance of research. In addition, many participants most valued the increased feeling of connection towards their local environment and community. I argue that citizen/expert collaboration is key to successful community-based research and best achieved in an atmosphere of mutual respect where all participants are seen as co-researchers. However, participatory intentions are unlikely to be acted upon without sufficient opportunity. Thus, the process of research must be re-defined from that associated with positivist science to include a greater range of participants and activities in an adaptive manner. This more inclusive and reflective approach seems most likely to ensure the quality and utility of research data, the knowledge sharing and social learning, and the enjoyable atmosphere that underpin successful citizen/expert interactions. Certainly, the ability to draw upon and create social capital is vital. The integration of these findings enabled the development of guidelines for effective collaboration between citizens and experts when addressing catchment management issues and undertaking participatory research.

González, Galván Paula Caryan. "Procesos participativos en estudios de ciencia y tecnología. El caso de una conferencia ciudadana". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310404.

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La presente tesis se basa en un caso de estudio dentro del área de los Estudios de Ciencia y Tecnología (STS sus siglas en inglés). El autor examinó etnográficamente el desarrollo de una experiencia participativa basada en el modelo de Conferencias de Consenso desarrollado en Dinamarca. Este mecanismo se caracteriza por la conformación de un panel de ciudadanos legos, la promoción de la interacción de los ciudadanos legos con expertos en la temática en discusión y la elaboración de un informe final. La conferencia de consenso analizada estaba interesada por la relación entre las nuevas tecnologías y la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores. Este modelo de conferencia presentó algunas modificaciones con el objetivo de adaptar el mecanismo a los participantes evitar que sean los miembros del panel quienes se adapten al mecanismo. Este trabajo de investigación presenta una descripción densa de la experiencia del autor como observador participante y al mismo tiempo desarrolla su análisis a partir de algunos conceptos teóricos del campo de los STS. Especialmente se hace uso de las nociones de Foros Híbridos y Procesos de Inscripción. El lector podrá adentrarse en la experiencia de la elaboración de un mecanismo con estas características, en compañía de las interpretaciones del autor y de comentarios de los propios participantes. Como finalidad última, este trabajo pretender contribuir a la devolución de resultados para aquellos que fueron parte del proceso participativo estudiado.
This thesis is based on a case study in the area of Science and Technology Studies (STS). The author was immersed in the development of a participatory experience based on the model of Consensus Conferences used in Denmark. This mechanism is characterized by a process of formation of a panel composed for lay people (a.k.a citizen panel), the fostering of citizens-expert interaction and the construction of a final report. The consensus conference under analysis was focused on the relationship between new technologies and older people’s daily life. This conference introduced some modifications in order to adapt the mechanism to the participants and to avoid the members of the panel to adapt themselves to the mechanism. This research presents a thick description of the author's experience as a participant observer and at the same time develops an analysis which is grounded in some theoretical concepts from the field of STS. Concretely, the notions of Hybrid Forums and Inscription Processes were employed. The reader can experience the development of a mechanism with these features along with the author's interpretations and comments from the participants. As ultimate goal, this work expects to contribute to “the return” for those who were part of the participatory process studied.

Rahman, Kazi Sabeel Al-Jalal. "Governing the Economy: Markets, Experts, and Citizens". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10822.

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The 2008 financial crisis provoked a debate over how we as a democratic society ought to govern the modern market economy. Our prevailing response to this problem of economic governance has been to appeal either to free markets as self-regulating, self-optimizing systems, or to technocratic rule by neutral experts. Both these systems are appealing because of they claim to promote the public good free of the corruption, irrationality, conflict, and vagaries of democratic politics. This project aims to overcome this skepticism to sketch an account of a democratic approach to economic governance, inspired by the thought and reforms of the Progressive Era.
Government

Hall, Sarah Hippensteel. "Citizen Professionals: The Effective Practices of Experts Helping Community Organizations". [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2010. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1277993862.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University, 2010.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 22, 2010). Advisor: Richard Couto, Ph.D. "A dissertation submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, March 2010."--from the title page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-165).

Harvey, Matthew. "Citizens experts and technoscience : a case study of GM Nation? : the public debate". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55450/.

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Moving beyond democratically grounded models of participation, the thesis argues for participation to be organised around experiential expertise by speaking epistemically of levels of expertise held by experts whatever their social position and location. The thesis is then concerned with determining and defending the types of knowledge and experience pertinent to policy formation and decision-making held by scientific and citizen communities. The empirical work begins by showing that politically and legally, GM was only a technical issue, and so the space for alternative framings and citizen participation was formally limited. An exploration of alternative framings is given through Q methodology and analysing transcripts from public GM debates. Then, following a close analysis and comparison of the knowledges and rationalities used by debate participants, it is argued that the extended claim to public participation into the technical aspects of a policy or decision-making process must be limited to those with genuine technical expertise. However, the reverse is then argued for the political aspects of a decision; the empirical rationality utilised by technical experts, particularly from scientific communities, is inadequate to cope with the complex demands of technoscience in public policy and that, therefore, the presumed 'natural' relationship between 'experts' and policy must be reconfigured accordingly. A model is proposed that, for the practical purposes of getting business done, separates technical and politico-ethical capacities and decision-making procedures, and experts and citizens respectively.

Jalli, Nuurrianti B. "Media and Politics: Students' Attitudes and Experts' Opinions Towards Citizen Journalism and Political Outcomes in Malaysia". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1503501829706421.

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Corley, Elizabeth Ann. "Public values and spatio- temporal scales of logging : a case study of citizens and experts in the Chattahoochee National Forest". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30413.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Lui, Joyce. The use of local knowledge and expert opinion in resource planning. [British Columbia]: The Section, 1995.

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Ottinger, Gwen, e Benjamin R. Cohen. Technoscience and environmental justice: Expert cultures in a grassroots movement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011.

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Shulman, Seth. Cooler smarter: Practical steps for low-carbon living : expert advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

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Expert Meeting on Social Capacity for Environmental Management (2nd 2004 Renmin University of China). The Second Expert Meeting on Social Capacity for Environmental Management (SCEM): Capacity indicators and development process modeling : selected proceedings. Hiroshima, Japan: Hiroshima International Center for Environmental Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 2005.

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Shulman, Seth. Cooler smarter: Practical steps for low-carbon living : expert advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

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Balogh, Brian. Chain reaction: Expert debate and public participation in American commercial nuclear power, 1945-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Expert, Group Meeting (2005 Mombasa Kenya). Gender mainstreaming in water and sanitation in Africa: Report of the Expert Group Meeting held in Mombasa Kenya, 13-17 June 2005. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, 2005.

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Ho, Kong Chong. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983885.

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The largest cities in Pacific Asia are the engines of their countries’ economic growth, seats of national and regional political power, and repositories of the nation’s culture and heritage. The economic changes impacting large cities interact with political forces along with social cultural concerns, and in the process also impact the neighbourhoods of the city. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia looks at local collective action and city government responses and its impact on the neighbourhood and the city. A multi-sited comparative approach is taken in studying local action in five important cities (Bangkok, Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore and Taipei) in Pacific Asia. With site selection in these five cities guided by local experts, neighbourhood issues associated with the fieldsites are explored through interviews with a variety of stakeholders involved in neighourhood building and change. The book enables comparisons across a number of key issues confronting the city: heritage (Bangkok and Taipei), local community involved provisioning of amenities (Seoul and Singapore), placemaking versus place marketing (Bangkok and Hong Kong). Cities are becoming increasingly important as centers for politics, citizen engagement and governance. The collaborative efforts city governments establish with local communities become an important way to address the liveability of cities.

McLeod, Mike. Ethnic trade and the inner cities, West Indian business links with the Caribbean. Coventry: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, 1990.

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Expert Group Meeting on Assessing Regional Development Planning in the Management of Urbanization (1997 Nairobi, Kenya). Report of the Expert Group Meeting on Assessing Regional Development Planning in the Management of Urbanization. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1997.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Franzen, Martina, Laure Kloetzer, Marisa Ponti, Jakub Trojan e Julián Vicens. "Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications". In The Science of Citizen Science, 183–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_10.

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AbstractThe chapter gives an account of both opportunities and challenges of human–machine collaboration in citizen science. In the age of big data, scientists are facing the overwhelming task of analysing massive amounts of data, and machine learning techniques are becoming a possible solution. Human and artificial intelligence can be recombined in citizen science in numerous ways. For example, citizen scientists can be involved in training machine learning algorithms in such a way that they perform certain tasks such as image recognition. To illustrate the possible applications in different areas, we discuss example projects of human–machine cooperation with regard to their underlying concepts of learning. The use of machine learning techniques creates lots of opportunities, such as reducing the time of classification and scaling expert decision-making to large data sets. However, algorithms often remain black boxes and data biases are not visible at first glance. Addressing the lack of transparency both in terms of machine action and in handling user-generated data, the chapter discusses how machine learning is actually compatible with the idea of active citizenship and what conditions need to be met in order to move forward – both in citizen science and beyond.

Saoud, Zakaria, e Colin Fontaine. "Expert Finding in Citizen Science Platform for Biodiversity Monitoring via Weighted PageRank Algorithm". In Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis XVII, 278–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01768-2_23.

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Jasanoff, Sheila. "Technologies of Humility: Citizen Participation in Governing Science". In Wozu Experten?, 370–89. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80692-5_17.

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Lopatnikov, Daniel. "Smart Urban Mobility from Expert Stakeholders’ Narratives". In Smart Cities, 137–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59513-9_14.

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Paleco, Carole, Sabina García Peter, Nora Salas Seoane, Julia Kaufmann e Panagiota Argyri. "Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science". In The Science of Citizen Science, 261–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_14.

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AbstractAn ‘inclusive citizen science’ practice encourages engagement from all members of society, whatever their social status, sociocultural origin, gender, religious affiliation, literacy level, or age. In this chapter we will first address the question of inclusiveness in citizen science and how this is tackled. We will analyse the current situation of a number of projects and initiatives within the Citizen Science COST Action CA15212 and the Horizon 2020 SwafS programme, examine the data, and discuss the main factors that encourage or hinder inclusiveness. We will offer recommendations for a possible plural participation in citizen science activities and reflect on how research is improved when diverse citizens are used as in-the-field experts. We will demonstrate how research questions can be fine-tuned and how research impacts are enhanced through citizen participation, with a focus on gender representation. Bottlenecks can occur when considering inclusiveness in citizen science, including in data interpretation, tasks that require long-term participation, and tasks that have specific language and intermediation requirements.

Huat, Chua Beng. "Singapore as Model: Planning Innovations, Knowledge Experts". In Worlding Cities, 27–54. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444346800.ch1.

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Al-Maliki, Saeed Q. Al-Khalidi, e Mohammed A. Al-Ghobiri. "The investment opportunities for building smartphone applications for tourist cities in Saudi Arabia". In Expert Systems in Finance, 112–26. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Banking, money and international finance: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429024061-8.

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Petermann, Jan-Henrik. "Conclusion: from ‘Selfish Donors’ to ‘Good International Citizens’?" In Between Export Promotion and Poverty Reduction, 405–23. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00048-6_8.

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"The Rise of the Expert Amateur: Citizen Science and Microvolunteerism". In From Social Butterfly to Engaged Citizen. The MIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8744.003.0016.

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Bimonte, Sandro, Omar Boucelma, Olivier Machabert e Sana Sellami. "A Generic Spatial OLAP Model for Evaluating Natural Hazards in a Volunteered Geographic Information Context". In Geospatial Research, 485–501. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9845-1.ch021.

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Spatial data warehouses (SDW) and spatial OLAP (SOLAP) systems are well-known business intelligence technologies that aim to support a multidimensional and online analysis for a large volume of geo-referenced datasets. SOLAP systems are already used in the context of natural hazards for analyzing sensor data and experts' measurements. Recently, new data gathering tools coined as volunteered geographic information systems (VGI) have been adopted especially by non-expert users. Hence, (spatial) application development is facing a new challenge, which is the integration of expert-oriented data with citizen-provided data. In this paper, we propose a new generic spatio-multidimensional model based on the question/answer risk evaluation model that allows the integration of VGI data with classical SDW and SOLAP systems for the online analysis of natural hazards monitored by volunteers.

Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Zhai, Zhi, Peter Sempolinski, Douglas Thain, Greg Madey, Daniel Wei e Ahsan Kareem. "Expert-Citizen Engineering: "Crowdsourcing" Skilled Citizens". In 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2011.148.

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J Storer, Jeremy, Joseph T. Chao, Andrew T Torelli e Alexis D Ostrowski. "KnoWare: A System for Citizen-based Environmental Monitoring". In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3510.

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Knecht, Katja, Dimitrie A. Stefanescu e Reinhard Koenig. "Citizen Engagement through Design Space Exploration Integrating citizen knowledge and expert design in computational urban planning". In 37 Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe and XXIII Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Joint Conference (N. 1). São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/proceedings-ecaadesigradi2019_195.

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Kuzmin, I. V., e A. A. Khapugin. "A grid mapping scheme for the flora of Tyumen city: a case study for an invasive and a synanthropic plant species". In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-22.

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Biodiversity inventory is one of the widespread fields in biological studies around the world. The understanding the correct distribution of each taxon needs obtaining the complete number of species’ records in the study area. In this research, we compared the completeness of reliable expert data and citizen science data obtained through iNaturalist platform for the urban area of the city Tyumen. The comparison was conducted using the grid mapping scheme developed by us for the study area with grid cell size of 1 × 1 km. As target plants, an invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi and a synanthropic species Urtica cannabina were selected. We found that neither only expert data nor only citizen science (iNaturalist) data can reflect a reliable distribution of these species in the city Tyumen. We believe that only joint coordinated use of both citizen science data and expert data could provide the relevant and reliable data on species’ distribution.

Liu, Yunchao, Rocco Moretti, Bobby Bodenheimer e Jens Meiler. "Foldit Drug Design Game Usability Study: Comparison of Citizen and Expert Scientists". In MIG '20: Motion, Interaction and Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3424636.3426899.

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Nakov, Preslav, David Corney, Maram Hasanain, Firoj Alam, Tamer Elsayed, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Paolo Papotti, Shaden Shaar e Giovanni Da San Martino. "Automated Fact-Checking for Assisting Human Fact-Checkers". In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/619.

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The reporting and the analysis of current events around the globe has expanded from professional, editor-lead journalism all the way to citizen journalism. Nowadays, politicians and other key players enjoy direct access to their audiences through social media, bypassing the filters of official cables or traditional media. However, the multiple advantages of free speech and direct communication are dimmed by the misuse of media to spread inaccurate or misleading claims. These phenomena have led to the modern incarnation of the fact-checker --- a professional whose main aim is to examine claims using available evidence and to assess their veracity. Here, we survey the available intelligent technologies that can support the human expert in the different steps of her fact-checking endeavor. These include identifying claims worth fact-checking, detecting relevant previously fact-checked claims, retrieving relevant evidence to fact-check a claim, and actually verifying a claim. In each case, we pay attention to the challenges and the potential impact on real-world fact-checking.

Archer, Lauren R. "Evaluating Experts: Understanding Citizen Assessments of Technical Discourse". In 2016: Confronting the challenges of public participation in environmental, planning and health decision-making. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/sciencecommunication-180809-57.

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Pecherkova, Pavla, e Ivan Nagy. "Logistic regression with expert intervention". In 2016 Smart Cities Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp.2016.7501032.

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Golubkova, Ekaterina. "The Potential for the Transformation of Public Space in Yekaterinburg via Non-Standard Advertising Media". In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-53.

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In the article, the author considers the influence of new advertising media on the establishment of public space and the transformation of the urban environment of Yekaterinburg. Though popular in Europe, the sociocultural phenomenon Ambient media remains insufficiently studied in contemporary Russia. Ambient advertising has the ability to change the usual urban space in a special way, overcoming environmental alienation and modelling the environment into a comfortable and safe one, therefore developing the public life of the city, making it attractive and creating ‘places of attraction’ for city dwellers. The author carried out an in-depth interview with representatives from the advertising community in Yekaterinburg (N = 22) to research into expert views on unconventional media, and to study expert appraisal of how the new form of advertising communication, Ambient media, impacts the urban environment of Yekaterinburg. The interviewed experts were specialists in advertising and marketing. Main occupation: advertising project management, creative strategies, outdoor ads, event-marketing, PR with a status of an advertising agency or department in the city of Yekaterinburg. Gender profile: 50% males, and 50% females; all aged between 27 and 50. Our study has revealed that advertisement experts regard Ambient media to be a very promising tool in terms of their professional practice, including in regards to the transformation of ambient urban space. Respondents note a correlation between the propagation of Ambient- objects in the city and public space formation. Non-standard media can fill the city with new meanings of freedom and creativity, helping to overcome feelings of alienation and creating new comfortable and safe spaces that people recognise as ‘their own’. Ambient-objects are moreover a source of pride for various social groups of citizens, as they contribute to the formation of a new image of Yekaterinburg: a unique, modern art centre, a city of freedom and creativity.

Lozano, Jesus, Jose Ignacio Suarez, Felix Melendez, Sergio Rodriguez, Patricia Arroyo, Jose Luis Herrero e Pablo Carmona. "Personal electronic systems for citizen measurements of air quality". In 2019 5th Experiment Conference (exp.at'19). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/expat.2019.8876471.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Expert citizen":

Yaari, Menahem, Elhanan Helpman, Ariel Weiss, Nathan Sussman, Ori Heffetz, Hadas Mandel, Avner Offer et al. Sustainable Well-Being in Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52873/policy.2021.wellbeing-en.

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Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.

Nepomuceno, Marília R., Vanessa di Lego e Cássio M. Turra. Gender disparities in health at older ages and their consequences for well-being in Latin America and the Caribbean. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res2.1.

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Women live longer but can expect to spend more years in poorer health compared to men. In the context of population aging and declining gender ratios at older ages, there are increasing concerns about how this disadvantage in female health will affect well-being and sustainability, particularly in developing regions that are rapidly aging. Our study compares differences in health expectancies at older ages for men and women in order to assess gender disparities in health.We use data from the Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean to decompose the gender gap into total and age-specific mortality and disability effects in seven cities in the region. Our results show that at older ages, higher disability rates among women reduced the gender gap in healthy life expectancy by offsetting women’s mortality advantage. In addition, we find that women’s mortality advantage decreased almost systematically with age, which reduced the contribution of the mortality effect to the gender gap at older ages. Although the gender gap in health followed a similar pattern across the region, its decomposition into mortality and disability effects reveals that there was substantial variation among cities. Thus, across the region, the implications of the gender gap in health for well-being vary, and the policies aimed at reducing this gap should also differ.

DeRobertis, Michelle, Christopher E. Ferrell, Richard W. Lee e David Moore. City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety. Mineta Transportation Institute, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1951.

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Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affect public transport providers’ ability to deliver transit services. They were found from a comprehensive literature review, interviews and discussions with five local transit agencies in the U.S., five public transportation experts and staff from five California cities. The city policies and practices identified fall into the following five categories: Infrastructure for buses, including bus lanes, signal treatments, curbside access; Infrastructure for pedestrians walking and bicycling to, and waiting at, transit stops and stations; Internal transportation planning policies and practices; Land development review policies; Regional and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) issues. The understanding, acknowledgment, and implementation of policies and practices identified in this report can help municipalities proactively work with local transit providers to more efficiently and effectively operate transit service and improve passenger comfort and safety on city streets.

Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt e Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.

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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.

Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.