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Harris, Jocelyn E., e Janice J. Eng. "Paretic Upper-Limb Strength Best Explains Arm Activity in People With Stroke". Physical Therapy 87, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2007): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060065.
Resumo:
Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among variables of upper-limb impairment, upper-limb performance in activities of daily living (activity), and engagement in life events and roles (participation) in people with chronic stroke. Subjects The subjects were 93 community-dwelling individuals with stroke (≥1 year). Methods This study, which was conducted in a tertiary rehabilitation center, used a cross-sectional design. The main measures of impairment were the Modified Ashworth Scale, handheld dynamometry, sensory testing (monofilaments), and the Brief Pain Inventory. The main measures of activity were the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL). The main measure of participation was the Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL) Index. Results Paretic upper-limb strength (force-generating capacity) (r=.89, P<.01), grip strength (r=.69, P<.01), and tone (resistance to passive movement) (r=−.80, P<.01) were the impairment variables that were most strongly related to activity. Tone (r=−.23, P<.05) and CAHAI scores (r=.22, P<.05) had a significant, but weak, relationship to participation. Upper-limb strength accounted for 87% of the variance of the CAHAI scores and 78% of the variance of the MAL scores. In the participation models, tone and CAHAI scores accounted for 5% of the variance of the RNL Index scores. Discussion and Conclusion Paretic upper-limb strength had the strongest relationship with variables of activity and best explained upper-limb performance in activities of daily living. Grip strength, tone, and sensation also were factors of upper-limb performance in activities of daily living. Increased tone and upper-limb performance in activities of daily living had a weak relationship with participation.
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Segev-Jacubovski, Orit, Hagit Magen e Adina Maeir. "Functional Ability, Participation, and Health-Related Quality of Life After Hip Fracture". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 39, n.º 1 (5 de setembro de 2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449218796845.
Resumo:
Hip fracture is prevalent among older adults impacting on all aspects of daily life. The gaols of this study were: (a) Examine the trajectory of activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) functioning and participation among older adults with hip fracture from prefracture to 6-months postrehabilitation; (b) determine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional abilities, and participation 6-months postrehabilitation; and (c) examine whether functional outcomes can predict HRQoL. Both retrospective and prospective data were analyzed. Fifty-five participants (Mean age = 80.82) completed the motor component of the functional independence measure (mFIM), IADL questionnaire, Activity Card Sort, and SF-12. Prefracture levels of function and participation were not attained. Significant correlations were found between HRQoL, functional abilities, and participation. ADL functioning and mobility predicted Physical SF-12, whereas social-cultural activity predicted Mental SF-12. Significant loss of functioning and participation was found, persisting 6 months after rehabilitation that impede their HRQoL. Improving functioning, mobility, and social participation can be achieved by occupational therapy intervention for promoting HRQoL among elderly with hip fracture.
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Engel-Yeger, Batya. "Sensory Processing Patterns and Daily Activity Preferences of Israeli Children". Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, n.º 4 (outubro de 2008): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841741007700207.
Resumo:
Background. One determinant of participation is activity preferences, which may be influenced by sensory processing patterns. Purpose. To compare daily activity preferences of Israeli children who have typical versus atypical sensory processing patterns, according to age and gender. Methods. Twenty-five children with atypical sensory processing patterns and 109 typical peers aged 6 – 10.75 years completed the Preference for Activities of Children (PAC) questionnaire. Sensory processing patterns were determined according to the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Results. Children with atypical sensory processing patterns showed greater preference for active physical activities. Lower energy level was correlated with greater preference for self-improvement activities. Practice implications. Activity preferences may be affected by children's sensory processing patterns. These effects are minimal among children with atypical sensory processing but no other co-morbidities. Evaluating these effects may assist in establishing occupational therapy interventions, facilitate children's engagement in the intervention, and enhance their participation in daily living.
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Habtamu, Esmael, Tariku Wondie, Sintayehu Aweke, Zerihun Tadesse, Mulat Zerihun, Berhanu Melak, Bizuayehu Gashaw et al. "Impact of trichiasis surgery on daily living: A longitudinal study in Ethiopia". Wellcome Open Research 2 (22 de agosto de 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11891.1.
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Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance. Methods: We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+/- two years), sex and location. The ‘Stylised Activity List’ tool, developed for the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey, was adapted to collect data on activity in the last week (participation in activity, difficulty with activity, requirement of assistance for activity), at baseline and 12 months later. All trichiasis cases received trichiasis surgery at baseline. Random effect logistic regression was used to compare cases and comparison participants. Results: There was strong evidence that trichiasis surgery substantially improves the ability of trichiasis cases to perform all the productive and leisure activities investigated without difficulty, with large increases in processing agricultural products, 21.1% to 87.0% (p<0.0001), farming, 19.1% to 82.4% (p<0.0001), and fetching wood, 25.3% to 86.0% (p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases who could perform activities without assistance, with the largest increases in animal rearing 54.2% to 92.0% (p<0.0001) and farming 73.2% to 96.4% (p<0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of comparison participants performing activities without difficulty or assistance. The change in most of the activities in cases was independent of visual acuity improvement and recurrent TT at 12 months. One year after trichiasis surgery, the proportion of cases reporting ocular pain reduced from 98.9% to 33.7% (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Eyelid surgery for TT improves functional capabilities regardless of vision gains. These data lend strong support to the view that TT surgery improves function and contributes to improved household income and wealth.
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Habtamu, Esmael, Tariku Wondie, Sintayehu Aweke, Zerihun Tadesse, Mulat Zerihun, Berhanu Melak, Bizuayehu Gashaw et al. "Impact of trichiasis surgery on daily living: A longitudinal study in Ethiopia". Wellcome Open Research 2 (6 de dezembro de 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11891.2.
Resumo:
Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance. Methods: We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+/- two years), sex and location. The ‘Stylised Activity List’ tool, developed for the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey, was adapted to collect data on activity in the last week (participation in activity, difficulty with activity, requirement of assistance for activity), at baseline and 12 months later. All trichiasis cases received trichiasis surgery at baseline. Random effect logistic regression was used to compare cases and comparison participants. Results: There was strong evidence that trichiasis surgery substantially improves the ability of trichiasis cases to perform all the productive and leisure activities investigated without difficulty, with large increases in processing agricultural products, 21.1% to 87.0% (p<0.0001), farming, 19.1% to 82.4% (p<0.0001), and fetching wood, 25.3% to 86.0% (p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases who could perform activities without assistance, with the largest increases in animal rearing 54.2% to 92.0% (p<0.0001) and farming 73.2% to 96.4% (p<0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of comparison participants performing activities without difficulty or assistance. The change in most of the activities in cases was independent of visual acuity improvement and recurrent TT at 12 months. One year after trichiasis surgery, the proportion of cases reporting ocular pain reduced from 98.9% to 33.7% (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Eyelid surgery for TT improves functional capabilities regardless of vision gains. These data lend strong support to the view that TT surgery improves function and contributes to improved household income and wealth.
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Barkley, Sherry A., e Stephen D. Herrmann. "Seasonal Variation of Physical Activity in Community-Living vs. Residential-Dwelling Older Adults". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 15, n.º 3 (1 de dezembro de 2017): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v15i3.1907.
Resumo:
Background and Purpose: Although physical activity (PA) is important for all ages including older adults, participation may be influenced by weather variation and access to programming. Our primary aim was determine if PA participation is influenced by season and place of residence. A secondary aim was to compare objective and subjective measure of PA participation. Methods: Participants included older individuals (age>65) living in a residential retirement community (RR) with access to an on-site fitness facility (n=7) and additional volunteers (n=9) who lived at home and traveled to exercise at a nonresidential community (NR) activities center Accelerometers were used to measure daily PA during the summer and again during the winter. Results: PA for the NR group was higher in the summer (268.4�73.7 min vs. RR=186.8�68.0, p=0.039), but not in the winter (NR=261.8�92.6 min, RR=182.0�72.5, p=0.082). No within-group change in PA was noted from summer to winter for either group (p>0.05). The correlation between subjective and objective measures of PA was low (r=.262). Conclusion: Access to appropriate facilities and programming serves to help older individuals maintain PA levels despite seasonal weather variations. The low correlation between objective and subjective measures suggest a need to re-evaluate methods of tracking PA participation by older adults.
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Delaney, Margaret, Meghan Warren, Brian Kinslow, Hendrik de Heer e Kathleen Ganley. "Association and Dose–Response Relationship of Self-Reported Physical Activity and Disability Among Adults ≥50 Years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2016". Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2020): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0163.
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Disability is a tremendous public health challenge. No study has assessed whether meeting U.S. Physical Activity guidelines is associated with disability in mobility tasks, activities of daily living, and social participation among U.S. older adults. Using 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, this study examined this relationship among 8,309 individuals aged ≥50 years. Most participants (n = 4,272) did not achieve guidelines, and 2,912 participants were completely inactive. People who did not meet guidelines had higher odds of disability compared with those who did (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.80) in addition to difficulty with mobility tasks (AOR = 1.85), activities of daily living (AOR = 1.66), and social participation (AOR = 2.09). There was a dose–response effect for each level of activity (inactive, insufficient, and meeting and exceeding recommendations). Among adults aged ≥50 years, meeting the U.S. guidelines was associated with better social and physical functioning.
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Allataifeh, Eman, Hanan Khalil, Khader Almhdawi, Alham Al-Shorman, Ziad Hawamdeh, Khalid El-Salem e Gonca Bumin. "The clinical correlates of participation levels in people with multiple sclerosis". NeuroRehabilitation 47, n.º 2 (24 de setembro de 2020): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-203131.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a huge impact on patients and affects their ability to participate in meaningful activities. OBJECTIVE: To identify motor and non-motor factors that are associated with the participation level in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leisure, social and religious activities in people with MS. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 110 individuals with MS. The used outcome measures are: Arabic version of the Activity Card Sort, Berg Balance Scale, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Nine Hole Peg Test, 6-Minute Walk Test, Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis, Stroop test and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Hand function, balance, gender and cognitive status can predict the participation in IADL (R2 = 0.425, P < 0.0001); depression, age, and cognitive status can predict the participation in leisure activities (R2 = 0.372, P < 0.0001), and fatigue, balance and cognitive status can predict social activities participation (R2 = 0.492, P < 0.000). CONCLUSION: Balance, cognition and fatigue affect the level of participation in instrumental activities of daily living, leisure, and religious and social activities.
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Hosokawa, Rikuya, Katsunori Kondo, Michiyo Ito, Yasuhiro Miyaguni, Seiko Mizutani, Fumie Goto, Yoshinobu Abe, Yumi Tsuge, Yuko Handa e Toshiyuki Ojima. "The Effectiveness of Japan’s Community Centers in Facilitating Social Participation and Maintaining the Functional Capacity of Older People". Research on Aging 41, n.º 4 (16 de outubro de 2018): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027518805918.
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This study examines the effectiveness of a community center in Japan at promoting social participation and sustaining its regular users’ functional capacity. The surveys were distributed to 108 physically and cognitively independent local older people; 72 responses were received. There were 16 regular users and 56 nonregular users. An inverse probability of treatment-weighted Poisson regression analysis was performed, and prevalence rate ratios were computed for social participation and functional capacity according to respondents’ use of the center. Results showed that using the center regularly facilitated social participation, contributing to the maintenance of living functions. Regular users’ social participation was promoted through opportunities in sports and volunteer organizations. Their living functions were maintained through instrumental self-maintenance and intellectual activity. Community centers evidently enable beneficial gatherings of older people, encourage social participation, and help to maintain higher level activities of daily living. Thus, they might offer effective preventative care for older people.
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Stellino, Megan Babkes, e Christina Sinclair. "Examination of Children’s Recess Physical Activity Patterns Using the Activities for Daily Living-Playground Participation (ADL-PP) Instrument". Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 33, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0156.
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Thorough assessment of children’s physical activity is essential to efficacious interventions to reduce childhood obesity prevalence. The purpose of this study was to examine children’s recess physical activity (RPA) patterns of behavior using the Activities of Daily Living –Playground Participation (ADL-PP: Watkinson et al., 2001) instrument. ADL-PP-based RPA data from 3rd-5th grade schoolchildren (N = 444: 51% male, 23.6% overweight/obese) were analyzed to determine the number and specific activity patterns overall as well as according to gender and weightstatus. Patterns of RPA findings showed girls participated in a higher number of activities compared with boys who participated in more sport-related activities. A wide variety in the specific activities in which children engaged was found according to gender and weight-status. Examination of RPA, with the ADL-PP, extends the literature by providing new data relative to the variety and specific types of activities in which children choose to engage during discretionary times, such as recess.
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Delgado-Lobete, Laura, Rebeca Montes-Montes, Sonia Pértega-Díaz, Sergio Santos-del-Riego, José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño e Marina M. Schoemaker. "Interrelation of Individual, Country and Activity Constraints in Motor Activities of Daily Living among Typically Developing Children: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Spanish and Dutch Populations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 5 (5 de março de 2020): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051705.
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Motor performance is influenced by individual, environmental, and task constraints. Children perform differently according to individual (i.e., sex), environmental (i.e., country), and task (i.e., type of activity) factors. However, little is known about the effect of the interaction between sex and country factors across different activities of daily living (ADL) learning, participation, and performance. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sex, country, and type of activity in motor-based ADL learning, participation, and performance in five-to-eight-year-old, typically developing children. Additionally, we aimed to compare the prevalence of probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) across sex and country. The DCDDaily-Q was used to assess ADL learning, participation, and performance in 300 age and sex-matched children from Spain and The Netherlands. The prevalence of probable DCD was determined based on the total ADL performance score. Results showed that differences in ADL learning, participation and performance differed across sex and country (p < 0.05). Prevalence of probable DCD was statistically similar in both countries. These findings show that daily participation and performance in typically developing children may be influenced by individual, country, and task constraints, and that country and sex may have different influences on particular tasks.
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Zahuranec, Darin B., Lesli E. Skolarus, Chunyang Feng, Vicki A. Freedman e James F. Burke. "Activity limitations and subjective well-being after stroke". Neurology 89, n.º 9 (21 de julho de 2017): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004286.
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Objective:As limitations in activities of daily living are major components of many stroke outcome scales, we examined how well activity limitations predicted subjective well-being among stroke survivors in a nationally representative survey.Methods:Individuals with a self-reported history of stroke were identified from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Subjective well-being (primary outcome) was assessed with a validated 7-item measure (higher = greater well-being) assessing emotions (cheerful, bored, full of life, and upset) and self-realization (purpose in life, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery). Activity limitations were defined by the receipt of help in any of 11 activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living. Multivariable linear regression assessed predictors of well-being including medical, physical, cognitive, psychological, and environmental factors.Results:A total of 738 stroke survivors age 65 or older were included (57% female, 9% African American, 6% Hispanic). Activity limitations were modestly associated with well-being after adjusting for demographic characteristics and availability of assistance (estimate −0.49, 95% confidence interval −0.61 to −0.37). However, in the fully adjusted model (R2 = 0.28), neither activity limitations nor physical capacity was associated with subjective well-being. Predictors of lower well-being in the final model included depressive symptoms, chewing/swallowing problems, pain that limited activity, and restricted participation in valued life activities. Income and executive function were modestly associated with improved well-being, while comorbidities and communication technology access were not associated.Conclusions:Activity limitations were not associated with stroke survivors' subjective well-being after adjustment for other factors. While some predictors of well-being after stroke were identified, the determinants of well-being remained largely unexplained.
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Stolwyk, Renerus J., Tijana Mihaljcic, Dana K. Wong, Jodie E. Chapman e Jeffrey M. Rogers. "Poststroke Cognitive Impairment Negatively Impacts Activity and Participation Outcomes". Stroke 52, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2021): 748–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.032215.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether cognition is associated with activity and participation outcomes in adult stroke survivors. Five databases were systematically searched for studies investigating the relationship between general- and domain-specific cognition and longer-term (>3 months) basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADLs, and participation outcomes. Eligibility for inclusion, data extraction, and study quality was evaluated by 2 reviewers using a standardized protocol. Effect sizes ( r ) were estimated using a random-effects model. Sixty-two publications were retained for review, comprising 7817 stroke survivors (median age 63.57 years, range:18–96 years). Median length of follow-up was 12 months (range: 3 months–11 years). Cognition (all domains combined) demonstrated a significant medium association with all 3 functional outcomes combined, r =0.37 (95% CI, 0.33–0.41), P <0.001. Moderator analyses revealed these effects persisted regardless of study quality, order in which outcomes were collected (sequential versus concurrent), age, sample size, or follow-up period. Small to medium associations were also identified between each individual cognitive domain and the separate ADL, instrumental ADL, and participation outcomes. In conclusion, poststroke cognitive impairment is associated with early and enduring activity limitations and participation restrictions, and the association is robust to study design factors, such as sample size, participant age, follow-up period, or study quality. Cognitive assessment early poststroke is recommended to facilitate early detection of disability, prediction of functional outcomes, and to inform tailored rehabilitation therapies.
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Sánchez, Jennifer, Fong Chan, Rana Yaghmaian, Ebonee T. Johnson, Joseph S. Pfaller e Emre Umucu. "Assessing Community Functioning and Independent Living Skills of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 47, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2016): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.47.3.6.
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Background: Community integration and participation are important predictors of successful rehabilitation and recovery in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). However, individuals with SMI still experience considerable psychosocial barriers to meaningful participation in social, community, civic, and daily living activities. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate a revised version of the Independent Living Skills Survey-Self-Report (ILSS-SR), the R-ILSS-SR, for use by rehabilitation researchers and practitioners in psychiatric rehabilitation settings. Method: One hundred ninety-four individuals with SMI were recruited from four mental health agencies in two states in the Midwestern and Southern United States. Factorial validity of the R-ILSS-SR was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings: Principal components analysis of the R-ILSS-SR yielded a four-factor measurement structure (self-care, home maintenance, and health maintenance; meaningful activity/work; transportation; and job maintenance). R-ILSS-SR subscales also correlated with known predictors of community participation in the expected directions. Conclusions: This study validated the R-ILSS-SR as a measure of community participation in a sample of adults with SMI. The ILSS-SR is the only measure of community participation specifically developed and validated for adults with SMI. Given that community participation is an integral aspect of recovery for adults with SMI, the R-ILSS-SR can be used to assess participation in psychiatric rehabilitation research and practice.
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Naber, Allison, Whitney Lucas Molitor, Andy Farriell, Kara Honius e Brooke Poppe. "The Exploration of Occupational Therapy Interventions to Address Sedentary Behavior and Pain Among Older Adults". Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2020): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0217.
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This study aimed to determine the feasibility of an occupational therapy intervention to address sedentary behavior and pain among older adults residing in assisted living facilities. A single group pretest and posttest design was implemented using the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, actigraphy technology, and daily activity logs to measure sedentary behavior. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to assess pain. Occupational therapy intervention focused on individualized goals related to participation in meaningful physical activities, which were established in collaboration with the participant and were tracked for 3 weeks. A total of 12 participants were recruited for this study. The mean number of steps and daily calories burned over the course of a week increased by 3,058.3 steps (30.82%) and 57.64 calories (19.96%), respectively. Individualized goal setting may have a positive impact on the reduction of pain and increasing activity levels among older adults residing in assisted living facilities.
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Nary, Dorothy E., e Kim Bruns. "Development and Evaluation of the Stoplight Healthy Living Program". Inclusion 7, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2019): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-7.3.177.
Resumo:
Abstract To address health disparities of adults with intellectual disability (ID), the Kansas Disability and Health Program developed the Stoplight Healthy Living program to promote good nutrition and increased physical activity. The program is based in part on the Stoplight Diet, which uses a color-coded system to teach healthy food choices. The Stoplight Healthy Living program was tested with two groups recruited through a local disability service provider in Kansas. Evaluation results suggested increases in daily fruit and vegetable consumption after participation in the program as well as increased purchases of healthy foods, reduction in soda consumption, and increased knowledge of healthier fast food meal choices. The program was well-received by participants, and shows promise in supporting good nutrition and health of adults with ID.
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Lee, Ho-Hee, Na-Ye Park, Chae-Won Ryu, Sol-Ji Lee e Hee Kim. "Effect of Occupational Therapy on Activity of Daily Living and Participation of Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: Systematic Review". Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy 28, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14519/kjot.2020.28.2.07.
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Zhang, Lifang, Tiebin Yan, Liming You, Yan Gao, Kun Li e Chunbo Zhang. "Functional activities and social participation after stroke in rural China: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators". Clinical Rehabilitation 32, n.º 2 (4 de agosto de 2017): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215517719486.
Resumo:
Objective: To explore the perspectives of stroke survivors in China’s rural areas, particularly with respect to environmental barriers and facilitators related to their functional activity and social participation. Design: Qualitative content analysis. A cross-sectional study. Setting: In-depth interviewing in the participants’ homes. Subjects: In total, 18 community-dwelling stroke survivors in the rural areas of China. Results: The sub-themes to functional activity and social participation were restricted life-space mobility, reduced daily activities, and shrunken social networks. The main environmental facilitator was family support, which positively affected all facets of the participants’ lives, including assistance in daily living, assistance in gaining access to healthcare, and performing environmental modifications. The main barriers involved were physical barriers (toilet barriers, lack of assistive devices, barriers to getting out) and vague and complex regulations. Conclusion: Stroke survivors in rural China experienced environmental barriers mainly including physical barriers and complex regulations. The nuclear family’s support is an important environmental facilitator.
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Lin, Shyang-Woei, Tzu-Ying Chiu, Tsan-Hon Liou, Chia-Feng Yen e Hui-Guan Chen. "The Relationship of Urbanization and Performance of Activity and Participation Functioning among Adults with Developmental Disabilities in Taiwan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 20 (17 de outubro de 2020): 7553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207553.
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Developmental disability is likely to be lifelong in nature and to result in substantial activity and societal participation limitations. The performance of individuals is related to the environment, supports, and urbanization of living cities. Most of the surveys for people with disabilities have not discussed the relationship between the cognitive impairment properties and performance of participation and activities functioning, and most cognitive impairments are regarded as having similar performance. The location of residence in childhood is mainly influenced by parents and main caregivers, but the factors related to the preferences of adults with cognitive impairment in the location of residence are more complicated. Objective(s): The aim was to explore and compare the relationships of the urbanization degree of their living cities and the functioning performance of daily living in various domains among adults with intellectual disability (ID), autism, and concomitant communicative impairment (CCI). Method: The cross-sectional study was applied, and the data was collected face-to-face by professionals in all authorized hospitals in Taiwan. The participants were 5374 adults with ID (n = 4455), autism (n = 670), CCI (n = 110) and combination disabilities (n = 139) which were according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases 9th Revision (ICD-9) from a total of 167,069 adults with disabilities from the Disability Eligibility System (DES) in Taiwan between July 2012 and October 2013. The authors used the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0–36 item version of WHO (WHODAS 2.0-36 items) to measure performance and capability of daily living. Results and Conclusions: There were significant differences in age, gender, disabled severity, and the urbanization between all subgroups (p < 0.05). After adjusting the age of all participators, the degree of urbanization just significantly affected the functioning score distribution in domain 1: cognition for an adult with ID, autism, and CCI; in domain 2, mobility for an adult with CCI and combination disability; in domain 3, self-care; domain 4, independent domains for ID (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between urbanization degree and functioning scores in all domains for adults with autism. All in all, only in groups with combination disability did we find that the worse the degree of impairment was, the lower the degree of urbanization of their place of residence was, and there was no such phenomenon in adults with autism and ID in our study.
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Beschasnaya, A. A., e N. N. Pokrovskaia. "Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse". Discourse 6, n.º 4 (28 de outubro de 2020): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-4-46-61.
Resumo:
Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The study of this phenomenon is interest for obvious integration with management decisions. Expanding the practice of implementing social activity of the population and studying the components of participativeness determine the goal of writing the paper-the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this phenomenon.Methodology and source. The paper presents a review of classical and modern sociological theories that reveal the potential of empirical study of aspects of the manifestation of participation of urban residents. Among the mentioned by the authors are the theory of social action, social solidarity, phenomenology, social constructivism.Results and discussion. The problematic nature of living in cities and the penetration of these problems into the daily interaction of citizens forms the origins of solidary participation of citizens-individual and private interests form collective actions-processes. Multiple individual forms of citizens' activity on urban improvement are transformed into participativeness – institutionalized joint activity. Its participants can take differentiated positions in the social structure of the urban community according to the criteria of having a diverse experience of interaction, i.e. exchange, with the urban environment and taking a position in the city management structure, which determines the level of regulated authority to make managerial decisions. The problems of urban life that are common to different categories of citizens and the typification of social activity to solve them order the interaction of participants, organize and “produce” the urban space.Conclusion. In the process of reasoning, a theoretical model of the formation of participativeness is presented, which allows us to trace the transformation of activity of the urban population into the right to the city and the formation of a favorable urban environment.
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Vanbellingen, Tim, Beatrice Ottiger, Noortje Maaijwee, Tobias Pflugshaupt, Stephan Bohlhalter, René M. Müri, Tobias Nef, Dario Cazzoli e Thomas Nyffeler. "Spatial Neglect Predicts Upper Limb Use in the Activities of Daily Living". Cerebrovascular Diseases 44, n.º 3-4 (2017): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477500.
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Background and Purpose: Motor tests performed at stroke onset have been shown to predict the recovery of upper limb motor impairment. Less is known about upper limb recovery at the level of functional activity or of participation and how spatial neglect may influence the integration of the upper limb in the activities of daily living (ADL). Our objective was to investigate whether the initial severity of spatial neglect may predict upper limb use in ADL. Methods: Eighty-two patients with a right-hemispheric stroke (RHS) were prospectively included in the study. They were assessed twice in the acute/subacute and in the subacute/chronic phases (mean time interval of 45 days) after stroke. The Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) was used to quantify the influence of spatial neglect on the ADL. Contralesional upper limb use in the ADL was evaluated with the Lucerne international classification of function, disability and health-based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale. Hand strength was measured using the Jamar, dexterity with the Nine Hole Peg test, and tactile perception using the stereognosis subtest of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment. Cognitive functions were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: Regression analyses revealed that spatial neglect is an independent and a significant predictor of upper limb outcome. A CBS score of ≤5 at the time of admission to neurorehabilitation care was highly predictive for good upper limb use in the ADL 45 days later. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that spatial neglect severity, as observed in the ADL, is a significant and an independent predictor of upper limb outcome. Neglect therapy is thus needed to further improve contralesional upper limb use in the ADL in RHS patients.
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Santos, Jair Licio Ferreira, Maria Lucia Lebrão, Yeda Aparecida Oliveira Duarte e Fernão Dias de Lima. "Functional performance of the elderly in instrumental activities of daily living: an analysis in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, n.º 4 (abril de 2008): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008000400019.
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The changes that occur during aging are accompanied by limitations in functional performance that impair elderly people's social participation and consequently harm their quality of life. In the SABE Study (São Paulo, Brazil), the results indicated relationships between life expectancy without disabilities and demographic and social variables. This article sought to evaluate these and other variables together as explanatory factors for the presence or absence of difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), directly related to the possibility of more efficient community participation. Five of the eight questions relating to IADL that were applied to the sample of 2,143 elderly individuals in the municipality of São Paulo in 2000 were considered. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. All the socio-demographic variables analyzed (age, income, ethnicity, schooling, and gender) were significant, with the exception of "sufficient money". All the variables in the "health" group (one or two or more diseases reported, and depression) were also significant. The two other variables that entered the model were physical activity and alcohol consumption.
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Scherrer Júnior, Gerson, Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno, Leticia Meazzini de Oliveira, Dulce Aparecida Barbosa, Angélica Castilho Alonso, Dayana Souza Fram e Angélica Gonçalves Silva Belasco. "Quality of life of institutionalized aged with and without symptoms of depression". Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, suppl 2 (2019): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0316.
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ABSTRACT Objective: compare the quality of life (QOL) of aged residents in homes for aged people with or without symptoms of depression, and identify social, physical activity; leisure; health and basic activities of daily living (ADL) variables that correlate with QOL scores. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 101 institutionalized aged. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: symptoms of depression changed negatively the QOL in the domains: autonomy; present, past and future activities; social participation; intimacy and total score. Dependent aged presented lower QOL for the performance of ADL in the domains: autonomy; social participation and total score; dancing without limitation of movement; liking the residential and not presenting symptoms of depression were the variables that positively influenced the QOL of the aged. Conclusion: social and psychological support, good living conditions and stimulating assistance can improve the QOL of institutionalized elderlies.
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Timmer, Amanda J., Carolyn A. Unsworth e Matthew Browne. "A randomized controlled trial protocol investigating effectiveness of an activity-pacing program for deconditioned older adults". Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, n.º 2 (abril de 2019): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417419830374.
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Background. Acute hospitalization of older adults can lead to deconditioning and the need for rehabilitation to facilitate a return to home and previous lifestyle. An occupational therapy intervention to combat deconditioning is activity pacing, an active self-management strategy where individuals learn to modify how and when activities are completed with the aim of improving participation in occupation. Purpose. This study will examine the effectiveness of occupational therapy with activity pacing during rehabilitation for deconditioned older adults. Method. A randomized controlled trial is proposed with inclusion criteria of older adults, 65+ years old, living independently in the community prior to admission, with adequate cognition and language to participate in the intervention. Participation, health status, self-efficacy in daily activities, self-efficacy in activity pacing techniques, and symptom management (pain and fatigue) will be measured at admission, discharge, and 3 months postdischarge. Implications. Determining if an activity-pacing program is effective will provide occupational therapists with evidence to support service delivery.
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Astuti, Riska D., e Bondan Sikoki. "SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND GENDER DISPARITY ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG INDONESIAN ELDERLY". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (novembro de 2019): S163—S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.585.
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Abstract A voluminous literature empirically proves the significant relationship between social participation and elderly mental health. Further analysis discovers the different behavior between rural and urban elderly. Despite the importance of taking into account regional inequality, gender disparity which explains the inconsistent empirical results across countries, is sometimes negligible from the discussion. This study aims to investigate the link of social participation in voluntary activity and community regular meeting to depressive symptom among the elderly in Indonesia. Separated analysis based on gender is also conducted to examine the extent to which social activities could explain the depressive symptom disparity between male and female elderly. Data from Indonesia Family Life Survey 2007 and 2014 were analyzed using logistic regression. Sample of 2994 and 2917 respondents aged 60 and over in 2007 and 2014 respectively are combined as pooled cross-sectional data instead of panel data to deal with the large reduction of sample size due to mortality. To minimize the potential endogeneity, covariates are included in the model such as residence location, living arrangement, socio-economic status, and health condition. The results indicate that economic condition, chronic disease, and difficulty on instrumental activity daily living (IADL) play a significant role in depressive symptom among Indonesian elderly, regardless of the gender. Surprisingly, social participation that is widely believed in strengthening mental health is statistically significant for female sample only. Moreover, the contrast sign of voluntary participation and community regular meeting coefficients indicate a special behavior between these two activities.
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Cano, Fernando Wendelstein, Daniela Parizotto e Stella Maris Michaelsen. "Características de indivíduos com hemiparesia segundo a percepção sobre a dificuldade na subida de escadas". Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 13 (27 de outubro de 2015): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2015.13.269.
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Introduction: climbing up and down stairs is entered directly into the Community ambulation and activities of daily living. In individuals with hemiparesis after stroke, this activity may be compromised due to deficits in components of body function and structures, activity and participation. Objective: To identify the characteristics of individuals with hemiparesis, according to the self-perception of difficulty climbing stairs and relate to components of body function and structures (BFS), activity and participation with the cadence of up / down stairs. Method: Twenty-five subjects (57.8±12.4 years) with chronic hemiparesis (57.8±42.7 months) were divided into two groups as perceived with and without difficulty climbing stairs by this particular question in the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL). In the BSF domain was rated lower limb motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Scale), the activity domain, gait/mobility (gait speed, the Timed Up and Go-TUG) and balance (one-leg support and BERG) and participation domain the quality of life with SSQOL. Results: The group with self-perception without difficulty showed less motor impairment and higher levels of activity and participation. Strong correlations of the stair climbing cadence with the Fugl-Meyer Scale and TUG and between stair descent cadence with gait speed and TUG. Conclusion: Variables of body function andstructures , activity and participation are lower in the group with self-perceived difficulty in stair climbing and are correlated with the cadence of stair ascent and descent.
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Garcia Meneguci, Cíntia Aparecida, Joilson Meneguci, Jeffer Eidi Sasaki, Sheilla Tribess e Jair Sindra Virtuoso Júnior. "Physical activity, sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults: A cross-sectional path analysis". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 1 (29 de janeiro de 2021): e0246275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246275.
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Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one’s life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed.
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Samuelsson, Kersti AM, Outi Töytäri, Anna-Liisa Salminen e Åse Brandt. "Effects of lower limb prosthesis on activity, participation, and quality of life: a systematic review". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 36, n.º 2 (3 de fevereiro de 2012): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364611432794.
Resumo:
Background: Effects presented on the use of assistive devices such as prosthesis are often based on laboratory findings (i.e. efficacy). Objectives: To summarise and evaluate findings from studies on effectiveness of lower limb prostheses for adults in real life contexts, primarily in terms of activity, participation, and quality of life (QoL) and secondarily in terms of user satisfaction, use/non-use, and/or cost-effectiveness. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We included controlled studies and non-controlled follow-up studies including both baseline and follow-up data. Using 14 different databases supplemented with manual searches, we searched for studies published from 1998 until June 2009. Results: Out of an initial 818 identified publications, eight met the inclusion criteria. Four studies reported on the effectiveness of a microprocessor-controlled knee (MP-knee) compared to a non-microprocessor-controlled knee (NMP-knee). Results were inconsistent except for quality of life and use/non-use, where the authors reported an improvement with the MP-knee compared to the NMP-knee. The remaining four studies included a diversity of prosthetic intervention measures and types of endpoints. Conclusions: Overall, there was an inconsistency in results and study quality. This review highlights the need for high-quality research studies that reflect the effectiveness of different prosthesis interventions in terms of users’ daily living and QoL. Clinical relevance Clinical guidelines are important to every practitioner. Information on expected effectiveness from assistive devices should be well founded and contain both facts about the device quality and its contribution to users’ daily lives. Thus, studies based on users’ experiences from prosthetic use in everyday life activities are of great importance.
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Purba, Jenny Marlindawani, Roymond H. Simamora e Evi Karota. "The Relationship of Medication Adherence and Social Functioning of Persons with Schizophrenia in the Long-term Period". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (16 de maio de 2021): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6302.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Medication adherence is an essential aspect of the daily lives of persons with schizophrenia, while in-compliance is related to their social functioning performance. AIM: The study aims to analyze the prolonged relationship between medication adherence and the social functioning of persons with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: A descriptive correlation method was carried out on 60 persons with schizophrenia at Pasung in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, using questionnaires. RESULTS: The results indicate that 68.3–51.7% of respondents had low adherence to medication and social functioning, respectively. Spearman rank claimed that there is a strong relationship between medication adherence and social functioning among chronic schizophrenia persons. Furthermore, the result reported that medication adherence positively affected social functioning among persons with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Medication adherence is a priority for maintaining the behavior of people living with schizophrenia to help them control their psychotic symptoms. Therefore, it can enhance their social functioning performance and daily living activity. Family participation is needed for continuous medication program and relapse rate prevention.
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TSUNAKA, MEGUMI, e JENNY C. C. CHUNG. "Care-givers’ perspectives of occupational engagement of persons with dementia". Ageing and Society 32, n.º 4 (28 de julho de 2011): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000365.
Resumo:
ABSTRACTMeaningful engagement in activity is associated with the maintenance of health and wellbeing, but reduced activity participation is common among persons with dementia. Family care-givers play an important role in engaging their relatives with dementia in activities but little is known about their perception of occupational engagement. This study aimed to examine care-givers’ perception of occupational performance of their relatives from three aspects: person, occupation and environment. Adopting a qualitative methodology, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 family care-givers. Care-givers were also asked to document the activity patterns of their relative, using the Activity Card Sort Hong Kong version (ACS-HK). The ACS-HK findings suggested that high-demand leisure activities were mostly retained (61%) while instrumental activities of daily living were the least retained (37%). Qualitative analysis revealed that care-givers’ perception of activity participation was intertwined with their motives and behaviours to get their relatives engaged in activities. Care-givers acknowledged occupational engagement as a means of maintaining wellness and used various strategies to encourage their relative's activity participation. Apathy and passivity, however, are difficult to deal with. Also, activity decisions appear to depend on the availability of support resources and a balance between safety concern and risk-taking. Clinical practitioners could assist care-givers by suggesting activity strategies and providing support resources for continued engagement of their relative in activities.
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Lipskaya-Velikovsky, L., T. Krupa e M. Kotler. "Effectiveness study of “occupational connections” – A short-term, in-patient intervention for promotion functioning and participation in daily life of people with mental health conditions". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S380—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.410.
Resumo:
ObjectivesMental health conditions (MHC) have been associated with restrictions in daily life participation and functioning affecting health and well-being. Substantial numbers of people with MHC experience hospitalizations, however, there is limited evidence supporting functional interventions in the in-patient setting to promote recovery. The OC is an intervention implemented during sub-acute hospitalization, which attempts to promote activity and participation of people with MHC, both during the in-patient stay and upon return to the community, with a view to enabling recovery. To facilitate its implementation, we investigate the OC effectiveness.AimsInvestigate the OC contribution to cognition, symptoms and functional capacity among inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental, prospective, pre/post-designed study with convenience sampling. Inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled into the study group participating in the OC intervention (n = 16); or the control group participating in hospital treatment as usual (n = 17). The study participants completed evaluations at baseline and at discharge or after 10 weeks with: Neurocognitive State Examination, Trail Making Test, Ray Complex Figure, and Category Fluency Test for aspects of cognition; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for symptoms severity, and Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised for functional capacity.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in cognitive functioning, symptoms severity and functional capacity was found in the study group after the intervention. These changes were not observed in the control group.ConclusionThe results support the OC effectiveness for cognitive and functional capacity improvement and symptomology relief. The findings advance the body of evidence for functional interventions in hospital settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Jeong, Woomin, Ji-Tae Kim e Seojun Kim. "Verification of the Effectiveness of Visiting Family Participation Physical Activity Program for Daily Living Activity Improvement of the Home-Based People with Stroke: Focused on K-MBI". Korean Journal of Physical Education 60, n.º 3 (31 de maio de 2021): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2021.5.60.3.23.
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Katz, Noomi, Hanah Karpin, Arit Lak, Tania Furman e Adina Hartman-Maeir. "Participation in Occupational Performance: Reliability and Validity of the Activity Card Sort". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 23, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920302300102.
Resumo:
The Activity Card Sort (ACS) is a comprehensive instrument for assessing participation in occupational performance of instrumental, social-cultural, and leisure activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability and validity of the ACS within different adult and older adult groups. The study included 263 participants comprising 5 groups of 61 healthy adults, 61 healthy older adults, 40 spouses or caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's, 45 individuals with multiple sclerosis, and 56 individuals 1 year after having a stroke. The ACS was adapted to the Israeli culture in a previous study with the author's permission. The final version that was used in this analysis included 88 picture cards of adults performing instrumental, social-cultural, and low and high physical leisure activities that the clients sort into five categories. The ACS provides a “retained activity level” score that is the percentage of activities in which a person is currently engaged divided by those with whom he or she was involved in the past. In addition, comparisons between all groups of current activity levels were analyzed. The ACS had high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha in each area) for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and social-cultural activities (.82, .80), and lower for low and high physical leisure activities (.66, .61). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that compared groups of participants on total retained activity level and individual activity areas showed a significant group effect on all comparisons (p<.000) that support construct validity. Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed significant differences between most groups. The same results were found for current activity level. The results support the reliability and validity of the ACS and provide a basis for its clinical use.
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Kierkegaard, Marie, Ulrika Einarsson, Kristina Gottberg, Lena von Koch e Lotta Widén Holmqvist. "The relationship between walking, manual dexterity, cognition and activity/participation in persons with multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, n.º 5 (7 de outubro de 2011): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511426736.
Resumo:
Background: Multiple sclerosis has a vast impact on health, but the relationship between walking, manual dexterity, cognition and activity/participation is unclear. Objective: The specific aims were to explore the discriminative ability of measures of walking, manual dexterity and cognition, and to identify cut-off values in these measures, for prediction of independence in personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) and activity/participation in social and lifestyle activities. Methods: Data from 164 persons with multiple sclerosis were collected during home visits with the following measures: the 2 × 5 m walk test, the Nine-hole Peg Test, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the Katz Personal and Instrumental ADL Indexes, and the Frenchay Activities Index (measuring frequency in social and lifestyle activities). Results: The 2 × 5 m walk test and the Nine-hole Peg Test had high and better discriminative and predictive ability than the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Cut-off values were identified. The accuracy of predictions was increased above all by combining the 2 × 5 m walk test and the Nine-hole Peg Test. Conclusion: The proposed cut-off values in the 2 × 5 m walk test and the Nine-hole Peg Test may be used as indicators of functioning and to identify persons risking activity limitations and participation restrictions. However, further studies are needed to confirm the usefulness in clinical practice.
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Kupske, Juliedy, Aimê Cunha Arruda, Leonardo Henrique da Silva, Gustavo Afonso Gosenheimer, Cristieli Batista Frese, Moane Marchesan Krug e Rodrigo De Rosso Krug. "HEALTH, BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NONAGENARY AND CENTENARY ELDERLY PEOPLE". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, n.º 11 (30 de novembro de 2019): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1872.
Resumo:
The aim of the study was to describe the health, behavioral and social characteristics of nonagenarian and centenary elderly. This was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study with the participation of 41 nonagenarian and centenary elderly, of both sexes, enrolled in the Family Health Strategies. It was used a questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics of health and falls, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Daily Living Activity Index developed by Katz. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results show a predominance of females (65.9%), elderly people living with relatives (48.8%), no pathologies (56.1%), and falls in the last year (53.7%). , have a good perception of their health (70.7%), have low functional capacity (66.0%), cognitive impairment (75.6%), do not use tobacco (75.7%) and are physically inactive (83.0%). The relevance of this theme requires further studies and the development of strategies in order to provide quality of life and health to the long-lived population.
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Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka, Bernard Sozański, Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Anna Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska e Jolanta Kujawa. "Assessment of Disability and Factors Determining Disability among Inhabitants of South-Eastern Poland Aged 71–80 Years". BioMed Research International 2018 (19 de junho de 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3872753.
Resumo:
Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the level of disability in a sample of older people in south-eastern Poland and to identify any potential relationship between their profile of functioning and a complex set of variables including activities, participation, and contextual factors. Materials and Methods. The study included 800 people aged 71–80 years. The WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire was applied for the assessment of disability. Results. A total of 43.88% of the interviewees showed a moderate level of disability, while 17.75% had severe or extremely high levels of disability. In addition, 7.75% of the interviewees had no functional limitations and 30.62% demonstrated a mild level of disability. The studied individuals reported the greatest difficulties with life activities such as cleaning, cooking, or shopping, followed by Limited Participation and then getting along. Age, number of chronic diseases, a low level of education, a low level of physical activity, poor living conditions, and lack of opportunities for daily help significantly contributed to higher levels of disability. Conclusions. Measures intended to reduce the level of disability in older adults should focus on improving medical care, health education, increasing physical activity, adapting housing to the needs of everyday functioning, and providing daily help.
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Toto, Pamela E., Ketki D. Raina, Margo B. Holm, Elizabeth A. Schlenk, Elaine N. Rubinstein e Joan C. Rogers. "Outcomes of a Multicomponent Physical Activity Program for Sedentary, Community-Dwelling Older Adults". Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 20, n.º 3 (julho de 2012): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.20.3.363.
Resumo:
This single-group repeated-measures pilot study evaluated the effects of a 10-wk, multicomponent, best-practice exercise program on physical activity, performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), physical performance, and depression in community-dwelling older adults from low-income households (N= 15). Comparison of pretest and posttest scores using a one-tailed paired-samplesttest showed improvement (p< .05) for 2 of 3 ADL domains on the Activity Measure–Post Acute Care and for 6 physical-performance measures of the Senior Fitness Test. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for 3 of 8 physical activity measures using the Yale Physical Activity Scale. Retention rate was 78.9%, and the adherence rate for group sessions was 89.7%. Results suggest that participation in a multicomponent, best-practice physical activity program may positively affect sedentary, community-dwelling older adults’ physical activity, ADL performance, and physical performance.
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Cimarolli, Verena R., Kathrin Boerner, Joann P. Reinhardt, Amy Horowitz, Hans-Werner Wahl, Oliver Schilling e Mark Brennan-Ing. "A population study of correlates of social participation in older adults with age-related vision loss". Clinical Rehabilitation 31, n.º 1 (10 de julho de 2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215515624479.
Resumo:
Objective: To examine personal characteristics, disease-related impairment variables, activity limitations, and environmental factors as correlates of social participation in older adults with vision loss guided by the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model. Design: Baseline data of a larger longitudinal study. Setting: Community-based vision rehabilitation agency. Subjects: A total of 364 older adults with significant vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration. Main Measures: In-person interviews assessing social participation (i.e. frequency of social support contacts, social/leisure challenges faced due to vision loss, and of social support provided to others) and hypothesized correlates (e.g. visual acuity test, Functional Vision Screening Questionnaire, ratings of attachment to house and neighborhood, environmental modifications in home). Results: Regression analyses showed that indicators of physical, social, and mental functioning (e.g. better visual function, fewer difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living, fewer depressive symptoms) were positively related to social participation indicators (greater social contacts, less challenges in social/leisure domains, and providing more support to others). Environmental factors also emerged as independent correlates of social participation indicators when functional variables were controlled. That is, participants reporting higher attachment to their neighborhood and better income adequacy reported having more social contacts; and those implementing more environmental strategies were more likely to report greater challenges in social and leisure domains. Better income adequacy and living with more people were related to providing more social support to others. Conclusion: Environmental variables may play a role in the social participation of older adults with age-related macular degeneration.
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Kim, Se-Yun, Eun-Young Yoo, Min-Ye Jung, Soo-Hyun Park, Jae-Shin Lee e Lee Ji-Yeon. "Reliability and Validity of the Activity Participation Assessment for School-age Children in Korea". Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 28, n.º 1 (dezembro de 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001.
Resumo:
Objective This pilot study examined the internal consistency, test—retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the Activity Participation Assessment (APA) for school-age children in Korea. Methods The construct validity of the APA was first established by factor analysis on the response of 134 nondisabled children. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors. A test—retest study was conducted on 22 nondisabled children. Discriminant validity was established by comparing the participation of 56 nondisabled children and 56 children with intellectual disabilities and examining sex differences of 61 boys and 61 girls. Results Analysis of the APA revealed five factors, which were labeled as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and school activities, social activities, and personal care. The factors showed acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .63–.89). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the five factors were all in the good range (ICC = .86–.92). We found statistically significant difference between nondisabled children and children with intellectual disabilities in five factors. We also found that girls participated in significantly more IADL, hobbies and school activities, and social activities. However, boys participated in significantly more sports and outdoor activities. Conclusion The APA shows good internal reliability, test—retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. However, evidence of psychometric properties was limited by a small sample size. Psychometric properties such as interrater reliability as well as concurrent validity and construct validity need to be tested using a larger sample size with representative demographics.
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Ronai, Peter. "Exercise Recommendations for Cardiac Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain". Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 8, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2019): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-8.4.144.
Resumo:
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal comorbidities (MSKCs) are the most frequent cause of activity limitations in persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and affect as many as 70% of this population. It has been observed that over 50% of new outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participants experience some musculoskeletal pain, with back pain reported by up to 38% of cardiac rehabilitation patients. Back pain can limit performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and reduce exercise tolerance and compliance during outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This article will describe ways to facilitate CR exercise participation in patients who have comorbid, chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) and have been medically cleared to exercise.
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Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska, e Barbara Jensen. "Attendance in Recreational Groups for Persons With Dementia: The Impact of Stimulus and Environmental Factors". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 33, n.º 7 (16 de julho de 2018): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317518788158.
Resumo:
Objectives: Participation in group activities can benefit persons with dementia, alleviating boredom, improving affect, maintaining function, and decreasing problematic behaviors. Methods: We describe patterns of attendance of residents with dementia at nursing home activity groups and investigate stimulus and environmental factors that may affect attendance. Results: Residents participated in 60.8% of the activities, with reasons for nonattendance including refusal (9.7%), not being on the unit (7.8%), being asleep (6.8%), and being involved in activities of daily living and other activities (8.3%). On average, 3.5 other residents not recruited for the study chose to participate in each group session. Group attendance was significantly related to group topic. Implication: The need for activities was evident by the attendance of both invited and other residents. Understanding the factors that affect attendance is the first step toward developing procedures to maximize participation in activities in order to decrease loneliness and boredom in this population.
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Ling, Catherine, Teresa Kelechi, Martina Mueller, Sandra Brotherton e Sheila Smith. "Gait and Function in Class III Obesity". Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/257468.
Resumo:
Walking, more specifically gait, is an essential component of daily living. Walking is a very different activity for individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or more (Class III obesity) compared with those who are overweight or obese with a BMI between 26–35. Yet all obesity weight classes receive the same physical activity guidelines and recommendations. This observational study examined the components of function and disability in a group with Class III obesity and a group that is overweight or has Class I obesity. Significant differences were found between the groups in the areas of gait, body size, health condition, and activity capacity and participation. The Timed Up and Go test, gait velocity, hip circumference, and stance width appear to be most predictive of activity capacity as observed during gait assessment. The findings indicate that Class III-related gait is pathologic and not a normal adaptation.
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Jadhao, Ashok R., Pravin R. Ghongte e Suresh N. Ughade. "Activities of daily living amongst inmates of home for aged in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India: a cross sectional study". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, n.º 5 (26 de abril de 2017): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171826.
Resumo:
Background: Although persons of all ages may have problems performing the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), prevalence rates are much higher for the elderly (65 years and over) than for the non-elderly. Elderly population face many problems. They become economically dependent on family for their basic needs and health care. Due to nuclear family norm, there is no place for elderly parent who feel alone and insecure. The study was undertaken to assess activities of daily living and reasons for admitting in home for aged amongst them. Objectives of present study were to assess the activities of daily living (ADL) and to identify the reasons for admitting in home for aged, in two homes for aged in Nagpur city, Central India.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in two homes for aged namely Panchvati Vridhashram, Umred road and Home for aged, Untakhana, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Total 176 study subjects had consented for participation in study.Results: Mean age of study subjects was 73.47±6.06 year ranging from 61 to 90 years. Proportion of female inmate was 55.11%. Around one-fifth of study subjects (19.32%) were illiterate. Significantly more illiterate study subjects were of female gender (chi- square=5.78, d.f.=1, P=0.016). Mean duration of stay in home for aged was 5.29±3.29 years with the range of 9 months to 17 years. Number of study subject’s dependent for at least one ADL was 37 (21.02%). Amongst dependents 32 (18.8%) inmates were partially dependent with ADL score of 1-5 and only 5 (2.85%) inmates were totally dependent with ADL score of 6-12. The proportion of inmates with dependency for at least one activity of activities of daily living increases as the age increases. Positive liner trend was observed between age and dependency (r=0.1971, P=0.0087).Conclusions: Prevalence of ADL dependency was 21.02% among the inmates of home for aged. Dependency for activities of daily living increases with increase in age. Major reasons for admission to the home for aged were - no one to look after, strained relation with family members and economic constraints. There is need for economic assistance through social security to economically dependent inmates.
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Lahav, Orit, e Noomi Katz. "Independent Older Adult’s IADL and Executive Function According to Cognitive Performance". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 40, n.º 3 (28 de fevereiro de 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449220905813.
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Participation in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) is essential in occupational therapy aiming to improve the life situation of elderly. Effective executive function (EF) is important to successful functioning in IADL. The purpose of this study was to examine EF and IADL performance differences according to cognitive levels as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), age, and gender. In all, 80 elderly (49% female; age M = 73.4) were assessed at home, with Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-10), IADL scale, and MoCA as a cognitive screening tool for dividing into normal cognitive (NC) level and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The comparison between the MoCA groups on the WCPA-10 and IADL shows significant differences between the groups; gender and age differed only in IADL. IADL and WCPA-10 performance among independent elderly relates to their cognitive level. We suggest that intervention that will focus on EF may assist in improving performance and maintaining participation in occupation.
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Bryan, Shirley N., e Peter T. Katzmarzyk. "Are Canadians meeting the guidelines for moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, n.º 4 (agosto de 2009): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-060.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of Canadian adults (aged 18–55 years) who met the guidelines for moderate and vigorous physical activity set out in Canada’s Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living. Leisure-time physical activity energy expenditure from moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities was calculated using data from the National Population Health Surveys (1994–1998) and the Canadian Community Health Surveys (2001–2007). The prevalence was estimated for no leisure-time physical activity, meeting only the moderate guideline, meeting both the moderate and vigorous guidelines, and meeting the guidelines through a combination of moderate and vigorous activities. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of meeting the guidelines by various demographic characteristics. The prevalence of no activity did not change appreciably over time, ranging from 6.5% to 10%, depending on the survey year. Reporting of no activity was more prevalent among older adults, those in lower income groups, and those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg·m–2. Overall, 65% of adults met the guidelines for physical activity in 2007, which has increased from 54% in 1994–1995. Men, younger adults, those with a higher income, and those with a lower BMI more often met the guidelines. Among all subgroups, meeting the guidelines was most often accomplished through participation in moderate-intensity activities. These findings should be considered when designing and implementing public health interventions that promote participation in daily physical activity.
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Stevens, Courtney J., Mark T. Hegel, Marie Anne Bakitas, Martha Bruce, Andres Azuero, Maria Pisu, Mary Chamberlin et al. "Study protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial of a rehabilitation intervention to reduce participation restrictions among female breast cancer survivors". BMJ Open 10, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2020): e036864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036864.
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IntroductionMany breast cancer survivors report an inability to fully participate in activities of daily living after completing cancer treatment. Reduced activity participation is linked to negative consequences for individuals (eg, depression, reduced quality of life) and society (reduced workforce participation). There is currently a lack of evidence-based interventions that directly foster cancer survivors’ optimal participation in life roles and activities. Pilot study data suggest rehabilitation interventions based on behavioural activation (BA) and problem-solving treatment (PST) can facilitate post-treatment role resumption among breast cancer survivors.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a multisite randomised controlled trial comparing a 4-month long, nine-session BA and PST-informed rehabilitation intervention (BA/PS) against a time-matched, attention control condition. The overall objective is to assess the efficacy of BA/PS for enhancing breast cancer survivors’ activity participation and quality of life over time. A total of 300 breast cancer survivors reporting participation restrictions after completing curative treatment for stage 1–3 breast cancer within the past year will be recruited across two sites (Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham). Assessments are collected on enrolment (T1) and 8 (T2), 20 (T3) and 44 (T4) weeks later.Ethics and disseminationStudy procedures are approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth College, acting as the single Institutional Review Board of record for both study sites (STUDY 00031380). Results of the study will be presented at national meetings and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03915548; Pre-results.
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Petersen, Jakob, Per Hellström, Carsten Wikkelsø e Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson. "Improvement in social function and health-related quality of life after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus". Journal of Neurosurgery 121, n.º 4 (outubro de 2014): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.6.jns132003.
Resumo:
Object To investigate the impact of shunt surgery on the activity, participation, autonomy, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) as well as the effect on caregiver burden. Methods Thirty-seven patients (median age 70 years, range 50–89 years) with iNPH were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. Symptoms and signs were assessed by the iNPH scale, activities of daily living (ADL) with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), autonomy and participation with Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA), and caregiver burden with the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS). HRQOL was evaluated with the EQ-5D (EuroQol Group–5 Dimension health survey). Results Twenty-four patients (65%) improved clinically (iNPH scale score) and 31 (86%) improved their HRQOL after surgery, almost to the same level as found in the normal population. The patients became more independent in physical and cognitive activities, and participation and autonomy improved. The caregiver burden was decreased among caregivers to male patients but remained unchanged on the overall group level. Conclusions After shunt surgery, patients with iNPH showed improvement in most aspects of social life, they became more independent, and their quality of life returned to nearly normal.
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Timler, Amanda, Fleur McIntyre e Beth Hands. "Factors Contributing to Australian Adolescents’ Self-Report of Their Motor Skill Competence". Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (1 de outubro de 2018): S281—S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0069.
Resumo:
An adolescent’s motor skill competence can affect areas such as sports participation, social activities, and future academic or employment decisions. The Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ) is a 26-item questionnaire that uses a four-point Likert scale response (never, sometimes, frequently, always) to assess motor-related activities during adolescence. This study aims to provide evidence of the construct validity of the AMCQ using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and to identify factors that contributed to Australian adolescent self-reported motor competence. A final aim was to determine whether individual item responses differed between males and females. The AMCQ was completed by 160 adolescents (12 to 16 years old, Mage = 14.45 years, SD = .75). The PCA using varimax rotation extracted four factors (Eiqenvalue of ≥1.21) explaining 52% of variance and representing Participation in Physical Activity and Sports, Activities of Daily Living, Public Performance, and Peer Comparison. Overall, males reported higher AMCQ scores compared to females. Females responded negatively (sometimes/never) to all items, particularly those on Physical Activity and Sports and Public Performance. Males who responded negatively had lower AMCQ scores than the females. These findings indicate male and female adolescents may judge their motor competence on different factors, which should be considered when planning physical activity interventions.
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Brandl, Georg, Marija Ana Domej, Gerald Loho e Thomas Hoffelner. "Anterior knee pain in the short term following ACL reconstruction comparing hamstring autograft and bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft with refilling of harvest sites. A retrospective matched-pair analysis". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, n.º 5_suppl4 (1 de maio de 2020): 2325967120S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00328.
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Aims and Objectives: With current trends towards individualized anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, especially in younger patients performing high pivoting sports and patients with hyperlaxity, the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft and its advantages in primary ACL reconstruction, have been brought into focus. Still concern remains about donor site morbidity, especially kneeling pain, due to bone block harvesting at the distal patella and tibial tuberosity. There is ongoing scientific effort to reduce this weakness of BPTB-harvesting techniques, without satisfying results so far. This study compares anterior knee pain (AKP) in patients receiving hamstring tendon (HS) and those patients treated with BPTB autograft ACL reconstruction, respectively. In the latter group harvest sites were refilled with autologous bone material from an oscillating hollow saw used to create the tibial tunnel. The aim of this study was, to compare both techniques that there is no significant difference in postoperative knee pain and kneeling pain in the early follow up period. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients with primary ACL reconstruction (21 BPTB, group A; 21 HS, group B) were retrospectively analyzed obtaining matched pairs based on age (±5 years), length of follow up (18 ± 6 months) and gender.Preoperative radiological analysis of patellofemoral cartilage defects were recorded using MRI scans and arthroscopic images (modified Outerbridge grading). Additionally clinical and patient-reported outcome measures were obtained, assessing range-of-motion, knee-laxity (Lachman, anterior-drawer test), activities of daily living and sports activity scale (KOS-ADL and SAS score) and graft or contralateral ACL tear occurring during follow up. Results: At short term follow up clinical parameters were similar between patients treated either with hamstring or BPTB autograft. Scores showed higher values for daily living (KOS-ADLS) in the short term in group A (P<0,05), in contrary group B showed higher scores for the KOS-SAS (P<0,05). More patients avoid kneeling on the operated knee after BPTB-autograft reconstruction, without impairing activities of daily living or sports participation. No significant difference existed between clinical stability measures or range of motion at follow up. Conclusion: Our study showed that ACL reconstruction with HS or BPTB autograft has successful short term outcome, with high probability of returning to unimpaired activities of daily living. This study shows that refilling of harvest sites with autologous bone material taken from an hollow saw used for creation of the tibial tunnel leads to acceptable donor site morbidity, without restriction in daily activities and sports participation, respectively. It can therefore be assumed that BPTB autograft without leaving bony defects at the harvest sites is a safe procedure with low donor site morbidity, being relevant in individualized ACL reconstruction.
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Stena, Rezarta, Klara Hysenaj, Mitilda Gugu Karoli, Armelda Teta e Gjergji Doka. "Physical Activity in Aging Population". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, n.º 3 (25 de setembro de 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v5i3.p74-80.
Resumo:
It is known that worldwide populations are aging, and also that physical activity can play an important role in minimizing impairments characteristic of old age. Adopting a more active lifestyle and doing regular physical activity, including aerobic and resistance exercises, daily walking etc. have been demonstrated to improve cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal parameters in older adults. We assessed a potential participant from Elbasan (Albania), 67 years, for eligibility to participate in a 5 month training program. The subject gave written informed consent before inclusion.The following parameters were measured at the beginning (baseline) and end of the training period: BMI, body fat percentage, hand grip strength, lower/upper limb and trunk flexibility and range of motion, heart rate, balance, pain intensity, as well as VO2 max, directly and/or an estimate using the Rockport fitness test estimate. An initial evaluation was carried out just before starting the training (baseline). A second evaluation was made 5 months after starting the program of physical exercise (post training). Each evaluation included the recording of health related events, such as any changes in previous symptoms, as well as measurements of balance, flexibility, body composition, coordination, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, to detect any changes that might have been induced specifically by physical activity. The subject’s attendance and participation in the program was also recorded. Range of motion for each part evaluated (trunk, hip, cervical region and shoulder) is improved about 15-20° degree. BMI, hand grip strength, lower/upper limb and trunk flexibility, heart rate, balance, pain intensity, VO2 max are also improved after training program. Following a training program or a regular physical activity in older adults minimise impairments characteristics in this age and cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal parameters. According to the low importance shown in my country for the physical activity in older adults, I want to emphasize the importance of state structures involvement and the sensibilization of this group of age to stimulate an actively participation in physical training programs followed by professionals for bests life parameters. A higher investment for this age group, building as many facilities as possible for activation and spending quality free time, hiring more physiotherapists in nursing homes will increase life motivation and improve the quality and the parameters of living.