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Готові списки джерел за темами / Age factors in disease

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Age factors in disease"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

Bavaasan, Enkhjargal, and Dariimaa Surenjav. "Parkinson's disease risk factors and age." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 429 (October 2021): 119464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2021.119464.

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2

Dartigues, J. F., and C. Feart. "Risk factors for Alzheimer disease: Aging beyond age?" Neurology 77, no. 3 (July 13, 2011): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31822550af.

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3

Latorre, Eva, and Lorna W. Harries. "Splicing regulatory factors, ageing and age-related disease." Ageing Research Reviews 36 (July 2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.004.

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4

Son, Ju Hyun, Zee Won Seo, Woosik Choi, Youn-Young Lee, Suk-Woong Kang, and Chang-Hyung Lee. "Etiologic Factors of Rotator Cuff Disease in Elderly: Modifiable Factors in Addition to Known Demographic Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063715.

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With the aging society, musculoskeletal degenerative diseases are becoming a burden on society, and rotator cuff disease is one of these degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis and the etiologic factors of rotator cuff disease in the Korean elderly population. A total of 102 patients performing ultrasonography were recruited, and their demographic factors were analyzed. As functional factors, visual analog scale and the peak torque of external and internal rotators of the shoulder using an isokinetic dynamometer were measured. As an anatomical factor, the acromiohumeral distance in the plain radiograph of the glenohumeral anterior-posterior view was used. There were more female patients (65.7%) than male patients (34.3%). The age range with the highest number of respondents was 50–59 years old. The mean visual analogue score was 4.09 (Min 1 to Max 9). Age and dominant hand side factors appear to be the crucial etiologic factors of the presence and severity of rotator cuff disease. The lower net value of the external rotator strength is weakly related to the presence of rotator cuff disease after adjusting for age, and this is the only modifiable factor in the study.

5

GEOGHEGAN, J. M., J. FORBES, D. I. CLARK, C. SMITH, and R. HUBBARD. "Dupuytren’s Disease Risk Factors." Journal of Hand Surgery 29, no. 5 (October 2004): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.06.006.

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Dupuytren’s is a common problem, but little is known about its a etiology. We have undertaken a large case-control study to assess and quantify the relative contributions of diabetes and epilepsy as risk factors for Dupuytren’s in the community. Cases were patients with a diagnosis of Dupuytren’s disease and, for each, two controls were individually matched by age, sex, and general practice. Our dataset included 821 cases and 1,642 controls. Five hundred and eighty-eight (72%) of the cases were men. The mean age at diagnosis was 62 (range 24–97) years. Diabetes was a significant risk factor for Dupuytren’s disease (OR = 1.75) and there was an increased risk for medicinally treated diabetes (metformin – R = 3.56; sulphonylureas – OR = 1.75) and particularly insulin controlled (OR = 4.39) rather than diet-controlled diabetes. Epilepsy (OR = 1.12) and antiepileptic medications were not associated with Dupuytren’s disease. Ascertainment bias in previous studies may explain the reported association with epilepsy.

6

Wanneveich, Mathilde, Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda, Jean-François Dartigues, and Pierre Joly. "Impact of intervention targeting risk factors on chronic disease burden." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216631360.

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The aging of the population is accompanied by a sharp rise of chronic disease prevalences, such as dementia. These diseases generally cannot be prevented or cured and persist over time, with a progressive deterioration of health, requiring specific care. To reduce the burden of these diseases, it is appropriate to propose interventions targeting disease risk factors, but the association between most of these risk factors and mortality makes it difficult to anticipate the potential impact of such interventions. A method was previously proposed to estimate changes in disease prevalence following an intervention targeting subjects at a given age where the incidence of the disease is supposed to be null. Here, we propose a general framework to make projections for life expectancies with and without the disease, the age at onset, and the lifelong probability of the disease, and to evaluate the consequences of preventive interventions targeting risk factors on these various measures of disease burden. The methodology takes into account the mortality trend over calendar time and age in both healthy and diseased subjects, and the change in mortality due to the intervention. The method is applied to make projections for dementia in 2030 according to several scenarios of public health interventions.

7

Schultz, Clyde. "Age-related Macular Degeneration—Disease, Risk Factors, and Treatments." US Ophthalmic Review 07, no. 02 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2014.07.02.154.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease of the posterior segment of the eye. It is has been diagnosed worldwide and primarily affects individuals over 50 years of age. The incidence of the disease increases with age and with the presence of certain genetic factors, which may indicate a disposition for disease progression. In addition to genetic factors and age, other factors may be involved in developing AMD. These include obesity and smoking, which are also linked to various cardiovascular conditions. There are two forms of AMD: wet and dry. Both forms may involve the build-up of drusen deposits in the posterior segment of the eye, but the wet form tends to be more severe due to the proliferation of blood vessels into the macula and retinal areas of the back of the eye, thus causing an individual’s vision to become ‘blocked’ or ‘shaded’ usually beginning at the center of the visual field. There are a variety of treatment options for AMD including surgery in the form of laser or photo therapy. The most current treatment options involve the injection of a biologic into the posterior segment of the eye. There are some severe adverse events with this approach but they tend to be rare.

8

Tanna, Nita, Rakesh Srivastava, and Vilpa Tanna. "Age wise distribution of coronary artery disease risk factors." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 2, no. 4 (2013): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.190720131.

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9

Jousilahti, Pekka, Erkki Vartiainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, and Pekka Puska. "Sex, Age, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease." Circulation 99, no. 9 (March 9, 1999): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.9.1165.

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10

Gilley, David, Brittney-Shea Herbert, Nazmul Huda, Hiromi Tanaka, and Terry Reed. "Factors impacting human telomere homeostasis and age-related disease." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 129, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2007.10.010.

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Дисертації з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

Swann, Peter G. "The visual field in age related maculopathy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1988. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36726/1/36726_Swann_1988.pdf.

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Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is a leading cause of permanent vision loss in elderly people. ARM therefore constitutes an important public health problem which will increase in magnitude as the number of aged people in the general population becomes greater. The consequences of this condition are exacerbated by the fact that treatment, especially of the geographic or dry form of the disease, is ineffective. While laser photocoagulation may be helpful in the exudative, disciform or wet form of ARM, there is often an inexorable progression towards severe vision loss in these patients. Therefore considerable attention needs to be paid to the aetiology of ARM with the potential for its prevention or delayed onset, and its recognition th rough functional disturbances. This study addressed the character of visual field 1 oss in ARM and compared the efficacy of the Friedmann Visual Field Analyser, Mark II (FVFA), the Autoplot Tangent Screen and Amsler charts in the detection of this loss. Data for a group of subjects with ARM were compared with those for a group of subjects with pre-age related macul opathy (PARM), (that is, ophthalmoscopically visible changes at the macula in the presence of normal vision (6/6)), and also with groups of elderly and young normal subjects. The study has shown that the visual field defects in ARM are predominantly paracentral with a relative sparing of foveal sensitivity. PARM subjects did not show a significant visual field disturbance with the FVFA or Auto plot, however, three PARM subjects did have slight distortions with the standard Amsler chart test. Of the methods used in this study, the Amsler charts may be the preferred method of examination of PARM subjects. Alternatively, an examination with a static, computerised perimeter using coloured stimuli may be used. In the presence of visual field loss in ARM subjects, the FVFA compared well with the Autoplot tangent screen, and highly significant carrel ati ons were found between FVFA neutral density filter settings and equivalent Auto plot target sizes. Similarly, the Amsler charts are a very useful method of investigation of the central visual field and a threshold method of presentation of the test may prove helpful. In the future, most attention should be directed towards detecting early functional disturbances in PARM subjects. Previous research and this study have shown that an investigation of these subjects with high and low contrast visual acuity charts, Amsler charts, the Desaturated D-15 test, and glare recovery tests prove more effective than examination with the FVFA or Auto plot tangent screen. The usefulness of examining these subjects with a computerised perimeter using appropriate stimuli and testing strategies should be thoroughly investigated.

2

MacIntosh, Caroline Gabrielle. "Investigation of the 'anorexia of ageing'." Title page, contents and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm15187.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-421) Addresses some of the mechanisms which may potentially contribute to the physiological anorexia of ageing, as suggested by previous animal and human studies.

3

STEBBINS, GLENN THURSTON III. "MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: THE EFFECT OF AGE OF ONSET ON HIGH SPEED MEMORY SCANNING." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184223.

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A sample of 25 idiopathic Parkinson's disease subjects and 25 age and education matched elderly healthy control subjects were assessed for their speed of primary memory scanning speed using the Sternberg memory scanning paradigm. In addition, all patients were assessed for cognitive functioning as measured by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale and the Wechsler Memory Scale. Significant differences were found between Parkinson's disease subjects and control subjects on speed of primary memory scanning, with the parkinsonian subjects performing significantly slower than the control subjects. Increased variability in the measure of memory scanning speed was noted for the parkinsonian subjects as compared to control subjects and different variables associated with increased cognitive disturbances in parkinsonian subjects were investigated as possible sources of this variability. It was found that the majority of variance could be accounted for by the parkinsonian subjects' age of symptom onset. Parkinsonian subjects who developed the disease later in life were significantly slower at primary memory scanning speed than were either parkinsonian subjects who developed the disease earlier in life, or than healthy control subjects. Cognitive variables measuring initiation and perseveration, construction and attention were found to be highly associated with increased primary memory scanning time. The relationship between these cognitive abilities and frontal lobe dysfunction is discussed. Also, the possible relationship between slowing of memory scanning and dopamine depletion is presented.

4

Allen, Annette Marie. "AIDS and Aging: Are the Eldery Becoming the New At-Risk Population?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278037/.

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This dissertation breaks new ground. It examines the perceptions of older adults towards AIDS prevention. Using the National Health Interview Survey, 1988: AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, a modified Health Belief Model is developed. Despite the low number of older adults 55+ with AIDS, some extenuating circumstances increase their risk of AIDS contraction. Older adults have lower levels of knowledge about AIDS, weaker immune systems and receive more blood transfusions. Societal influences include educational neglect at the hands of physicians, healthcare workers and social service personnel. The first stage of the dissertation involved establishing older adults as an at-risk population through an extensive literature review. Next, the data was described utilizing frequencies, correlations and factor analysis. Frequencies clearly indicated that older adults in the data set had low levels of AIDS knowledge and did not view themselves at risk for AIDS contraction. Correlations between the variables were minimal. A modified Health Belief Model was developed and tested. Multiple regression determined that minimal variation in the two dependent variables, "Perceived Effectiveness of Effective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" and "Perceived Effectiveness of Ineffective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" was accounted for by the independent variables. Although F ratios allowed rejection of the two null hypotheses, beta weights were low. Adjusted R^2's accounted for only 21% and 16% respectively of the variation in the dependent variables. Finally, discrepancies in the model were determined and recommendations made for further research. Most health belief models concentrate on individual social-psychological variables. Due to AIDS' societal consequences, it is proposed that societal providers of education: physicians, social service workers and healthcare personnel need to be included in the model. Recommendations were made for additional research into sexual behavior of older adults and exploration of available training of physicians, healthcare and social service professionals. Finally, recommendations were made to provide training and education for both professionals as well as the elderly to prevent their growth into an at-risk population.

5

SWANDA, REX MICHAEL. "FREE RECALL AS A FUNCTION OF AGE OF ONSET, MEDICATIONS, AND DEPRESSION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188054.

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Thirty-two parkinsonians were compared to 32 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls on measures of depression (Beck Inventory), dementia (Mattis Dementia Rating Scale), and primary and secondary memory components of Free Verbal Recall. Parkinsonians were found to be more depressed, with greater impairment of secondary memory. There were no significant group differences in primary memory or general cognitive functioning. Sub-groups of 41 parkinsonians (including the 32 patients described above) were used to compare the relative contributions of depression, age of onset, and general cognitive decline to the observed secondary memory deficit. Depressed parkinsonians demonstrated more impaired primary memory than did nondepressed parkinsonians, but did not account for the difference in secondary memory. Parkinsonians with later ages of onset demonstrated greater depression and cognitive decline over a shorter length of illness, and parkinsonians with greater cognitive decline performed more poorly on the measure of secondary memory. Comparisons of parkinsonians with predominant unilateral motor symptoms (either right or left) to those with equal bilateral symptoms revealed the bilateral group to be significantly older, with later ages of onset but no difference in length of illness. It is concluded that later age of onset is a critical factor that is more likely to be associated with depression and declines in cognitive functioning than is seen with earlier age of onset. The relationship between age of onset and cognitive decline is not accounted for by age alone, length of illness, nor by the interaction of age with parkinsonian symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of bilateral symptoms may serve as a marker for the cluster of symptoms associated with later ages of symptoms onset.

6

Seth, Aruna. "Age-associated alterations in the immune system of normal and autoimmune-susceptible mice." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135119/.

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7

Cole, Leonie J. "Pain perception and processing in ageing and Alzheimer's disease /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4543.

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8

Mui, Tammy. "Exploring biological risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : old age and female sex." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24015.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has various risk factors including old age and female sex; however, the biological reasoning behind these is not fully understood. COPD prevalence and mortality increase with age. COPD patients also seem to demonstrate pulmonary and systemic accelerated aging. When people age, repetitive sequences at their chromosomes ends, called telomeres, shorten. In COPD this may occur at an increased rate due to increased cell turnover or DNA damage, caused by inflammation and oxidative stress, and could contribute to lung function decline. Therefore, we measured telomere length in peripheral blood cells of COPD patients using qPCR and examined the relationship with lung function (FEV₁ % predicted, FVC % predicted and FEV₁/FVC) as well as inflammatory marker levels. We found that telomere length was positively related to FEV₁/FVC and negatively related to serum SP-D level, a lung specific marker of inflammation. This supports that COPD is a disease of accelerated aging and suggests that lung inflammation may be involved in the process. Females seem to be more susceptible to developing COPD than males. A major distinction between males and females is their sex hormone levels. The lung has sex hormone receptors and there are reports of experimental animal studies and observational human studies suggesting that sex hormones have an effect on the lung. Hence, in COPD patients we measured levels of the hormones estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin in their serum using ELISAs. The hormone levels of COPD patients fell within normal ranges and had expected relationships with age and BMI. We found a significant negative association between estradiol and FVC % predicted in males; an inverse relationship between progesterone and FVC % predicted in both sexes; and a positive relationship between LH concentration and FEV₁ % predicted in females. These data support that sex hormones affect lung function, though the mechanism by which they do so is unclear due to the scarcity of knowledge in the field. Telomeres and sex hormones seem to play a role in the risk factors of aging and female sex, respectively, and offer insight into COPD pathogenesis, though more research is needed.

9

Jump, Seth. "Fgf2-stimulated proliferation is lower in muscle precursor cells from old rats." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6775.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.

10

Vishnivetskaya, Anastasia. "Age is a risk factor for Aβ₄₂ proteotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610287.

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Книги з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

1924-, Kameyama Masakuni, Tomonaga Masanori, and Aiba Tadashi, eds. Cerebrovascular disease. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1988.

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2

Spilsbury, Louise. Health and disease. London: Raintree, 2013.

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3

Marks, Ronald. Skin disease in old age. 2nd ed. London: Dunitz, 1999.

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4

Marks, Ronald. Skin disease in old age. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1987.

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5

Spilsbury, Louise. Health and disease: From birth to old age. London: Raintree, 2014.

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6

1926-, Johnson Horton A., and American Aging Association, eds. Relations between normal aging and disease. New York: Raven Press, 1985.

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7

Sil, Jeong Hyun, ed. Alzheimer's disease in the middle-aged. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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8

Working Conference on the Recognition and Management of Coronary Heart Disease in the Elderly (1985 National Institutes of Health). Coronary heart disease in the elderly. Edited by Furberg Curt, Wenger Nanette Kass, and Pitt Elisabeth. New York: Elsevier, 1986.

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9

Manfred, Bergener, Ermini M, and Stähelin Hannes, eds. Challenges in aging. London: Academic, 1990.

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10

Studd, John. The management of the menopause: The millennium review 2000. New York: Parthenon, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

Goldbourt, Uri. "Variation of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease by Age and Sex." In Genetic factors in coronary heart disease, 21–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1130-0_2.

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2

Langosch, W., G. Brodner, and H. Borcherding. "The Importance of the Type A Subcomponent Hostility for Myocardial Infarction at Young Age." In Biological and Psychological Factors in Cardiovascular Disease, 127–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71234-0_10.

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3

Reischies, F. M., D. Felsenberg, R. Geßner, A. Kage, W. Rossius, and P. Schlattmann. "Age and dementia effect on neuropsychological test performance in very old age — influence of risk factors for dementia." In Alzheimer’s Disease — From Basic Research to Clinical Applications, 69–76. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7508-8_7.

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4

Diamond, J., M. Cameron, and B. Cassells. "Functional Impairments that Develop in Nerve Growth Factor-Sensitive Neuronal Projections in the PNS and CNS of Aged Rats Are Ameliorated by Dietary Interventions." In Growth Factors and Alzheimer’s Disease, 131–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46722-6_12.

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5

Cerulli, Luciano. "Aging as Risk Factor in Eye Disease." In Age-Related Changes of the Human Eye, 1–8. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-507-7_1.

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6

Salerno, Silvana. "Burnout as an Occupational Disease: A Gender Issue?" In Health and Social Care Systems of the Future: Demographic Changes, Digital Age and Human Factors, 286–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24067-7_33.

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7

Fried, Robert, and Richard M. Carlton. "Peripheral Artery Disease, Arthritis, Chronic Kidney Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Aging." In The Omega-Factor, 77–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b23284-5.

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8

Kiel, Christina, Bernhard H. F. Weber, and Felix Grassmann. "Pleiotropic Effects of Risk Factors in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Seemingly Unrelated Complex Diseases." In Retinal Degenerative Diseases, 247–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_30.

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9

Thomas, Aleysha, Paul Wu, Nicole M. White, Leisa Toms, George Mellick, and Kerrie L. Mengersen. "An Ensemble Approach to Modelling the Combined Effect of Risk Factors on Age at Parkinson’s Disease Onset." In Case Studies in Applied Bayesian Data Science, 275–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42553-1_11.

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10

Taylor, John-Paul, and Benjamin R. Underwood. "Alzheimer’s disease." In Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, 443–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807292.003.0030.

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Dementia is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This fully updated and revised chapter comprehensively reviews the latest evidence on diagnosis, assessment, investigations, clinical features, management, risk factors, prognosis, and future potential treatments for AD. Importantly, the chapter explores newer evidence that has changed the way AD is viewed as regards methods of assessment using various scales to determine diagnosis, as well as current and investigative methods of treating AD. Finally, it looks at the states of disease progression, potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer’s disease, and possible therapeutic approaches to treatment and management.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

Colin, Régis, Stéphanie Boini, and Michel Grzebyk. "0342 Perception of psychosocial factors at work according to age." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.280.

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2

Teixeira, Marcela Menezes, Martina Marcante, Laura Fogaça Pasa, Fabiana Roehrs, Rafaela Fernandes Pulice, Carolina da Mota Iglesias, and Manoel Ernani Garcia Junior. "Mortality profile of Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.323.

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Background: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and degenerative condition. Recognizing its mortality profile can be useful in order to search for protective and risk factors. Objectives: Analyze the rates of deaths from Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. Design and setting: Descriptive documentary study with data collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by the Information System of the Unified Health System of Brazil. Methods: A statistical analysis of deaths due to ICD G20 from the SIM database was performed. Results: In the analyzed period 340,291 deaths due to diseases affecting the CNS were recorded, with Parkinson’s disease being the second largest cause, behind Alzheimer’s disease. In the evaluated period, 34,208 deaths due to Parkinson’s disease were registered in Brazil. There was a steady increase in these values over time, with 2019 being the year with the highest number of deaths (n = 4,575). Most deaths occurred in white individuals (74.3%) and males (54.8%). Regarding the age group, those aged 80 or over had higher mortality (57.8%), followed by those aged 70 to 79 (30.9%) and 60 to 69 (8.9%). The level of education was mainly from 1 to 3 years (26.3%), with less than 7 years of schooling, together, accounting for 57.2% of deaths, not counting those ignored. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of deaths among men, especially above 80 years of age, may be related to menopause and its protective factor among women. Lower levels of education also contributed to higher mortality, which correlates with studies that demonstrate that higher levels of education may delay the clinical onset of the disease. In view of this, mapping the profiles and analyzing the protective and risk factors can contribute to the awareness of the population and the consequent reduction of their morbidity.

3

Nugraheni, Arwinda, Ani Margawati, Firdaus Wahyudi, Dea Amarilisa Adespin, and Bambang Hariyana. "Determinant Factors on Stunting Incidence among Children Age 6-24 Months, Pemalang, Central Java: A Case Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.28.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting among children under five can be caused by various factors, including inadequate food intake, characteristics of children, history of infectious diseases, family care pattern, and quality of health services. The dominant cause of stunting is different in each region. This study aimed to determinant the factors on stunting incidence among children age 6-24 months, Pemalang, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in July 2019 in the work area of the Kebondalem Community Health Center in Pemalang, Central Java. A total of 142 stunted children aged 6-24 months were selected for this study. The dependent variable of this study was stunting. The independent variables were nutritional intake, immunization status, hygene, exclusive breastfeeding, parental education, occupation, family income, and a history of infectious diseases. Data were collected using anthropometric measurements and interviews with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mother’s occupation (OR= 0.26; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.78; p= 0.035;), history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.25; p= 0.001), history of infectious disease (OR= 0.008; 95%CI= 0.02-0.25; p= 0.010), Nutritional intake (OR= 9.44; 95% CI=1.88 to 47.43; p= 0.006), and they were statistically significant. Conclusion: Mother’s occupation, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of disease infection, and nutritional intake are factors associated with the risk of stunting. Keywords: mother’s occupation, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of disease infection, and nutritional intake, stunting Correspondence: Arwinda Nugraheni. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: arwindanugraheni@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.28

4

Kiss, Philippe, Marc De Meester, and Lutgart Braeckman. "0179 Factors associated with high need for recovery in different age groups." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.145.

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5

Peacock, Brian, Chui Yoon Ping, Samuel Low, Phang Chun Kai, and Loh Sok Khim. "The Employment of Senior Citizens in Singapore." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001340.

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The employment of senior citizens is a global challenge of major proportions, and increasing apace. From the systems ergonomics perspective these challenges can be categorized and measured from physical, cognitive, social, affective, environmental or economic viewpoints. A series of studies is underway at SIM University, Singapore to evaluate the characteristics, capabilities, limitations and aspirations of senior citizens aged 55 – 75 with regard to their employment, and compare these with a cohort of younger counterparts. The first phase of this project measured physical capabilities including, size and shape, strength, speed, stamina, and motor skills. The results of these studies indicated that, whereas these variables showed some expected associations with age, they also showed very large individual differences, presumably related to disease, disuse, disinterest, inheritance and life history. The second phase of the study investigated the perceptions, using a Kano approach (must have, more the better and excitement categories), of older people with regard to their jobs on dimensions such as physical demands, technology demands, economics, relationships (with management, co workers and customers) and job environment. As predicted economic and relationship issues dominated the results, followed by physical and technology demands. The third phase was an objective approach to the physical and operational job demands using a “Job Physical Activity Sampling” approach. This analysis indicated widely varying sedentary and dynamic job demands. Finally guidelines are presented with regard to employment of elderly people to assure health, safety and satisfaction. These guidelines are categorized using a consensus based demand – strain model that addresses spatial, manipulation, environmental, manual materials handling and operational factors. Participants were also surveyed regarding their perceived fitness for work. The conclusion of the study was that age per se is not the main challenge; rather it is the correlates of age, such as disease, that stand in the way of gainful employment.

6

Wardani, Endah Kusuma, Nurul Eko Widiyastuti, Lutvia Dwi Rofika, and Wahyu Adri Wirawati. "Factors Affecting Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age in Banyuwangi, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80

7

Farah, Pedro Felisberto Nogueira Viana, Felipe dos Santos Souza, Felipe Oliveira Costa, Mariana Bastos Rodrigues dos Santos, and Yasmim Evelyn Lisboa Barbosa. "L-dopa: main drug induced dyskinesia." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.111.

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Introduction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa) is the gold standard drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This disease causes degeneration of dopaminergic cells, L-dopa supplies the lack of dopamine, being effective in its treatment. The average time for the onset of this hyperkinetic disorder is usually 6.5 years and the young age at the beginning of the disease. This pathology may present with chorea, dystonia, myoclonus and stereotypes. Diskinesia-inducing L-dopa (LID) remains one of the most challenging unmet needs in the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Methodology: This is an integrative review, using the MedLine, Cochrane and PubMed databases with the descriptors “drug induced”, “dyskinesia” and “L- dopa”. Articles published in the last 10 years; in English; clinical trial articles and original articles were included. Results: The prevalence for the development of LID was 50% for those who started PD at 40-59 years of age, compared to 16% at 70 years of age. The incidence of LID is about 90% after 9 years, but the main cause is related to the dose of levodopa and the duration of the disease. The risk factors for the development of LID are modifiable (levoodopa dose and body weight) and non- modifiable (age, sex, duration, progress and severity of the disease). Conclusion: With this, it can be concluded that doctors who deal with PD need to be aware of the risk factors for LID and know how to manage it.

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Merlin, Silvia, Maira Oliveira, Luciana Cassimiro, Isabella Avolio, Eduardo Tres, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Brucki. "FOLLOW UP OF THE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND COGNITIVE EVOLUTION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda068.

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Background: Some psychological and personality characteristics of individuals, seem to determine behavioral patterns that are associated with better health throughout life and, consequently, prevent the progression of early cognitive changes to dementia. Objective: Identify factors that interfere in the evolution of cognitive disorders. Methods: Volunteers were evaluated clinically and for personality characteristics and neuropsychological testing. Follow-up occurred over two years from the initial assessment, and participants’ cognitive categories were re-analyzed every six months to observe variation in the same. Results: Of the 102 subjects, 65 remained at follow-up. The sample was composed predominantly of women (65%), white (74%), with a mean age of 78 (±7.5) years and 12 (±4.8) years of education. Throughout the process, 23% of cognitively normal 15% of subjective cognitive decline, and 27% of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment individuals worsened cognitively. In the same period, 15% of the non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 31% of the amnestic mild cognitive impairment improved in cognitive ratings. Observed that older ages present greater cognitive worsening, and that very low indices of the personality trait Openness present associations with cognitive worsening. Conclusion: The factors most associated with cognitive change in this group of elderly people were age and aspects of openness of personality that are associated with cognitive reserve.

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Aursnes, I., P. Smith, and H. Arnesen. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANTITHROMBIN-III, SELENIUM AND LIPOPROTEIN COMPONENTS IN CORONARY DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643030.

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The known risk factors for coronary disease can only “explain” a proportion of the incidence of the disease. Looking for supplementary risk factors we thus selected for detailed study both a group of patients with normal levels of risk factors (normo-tensives, non-smokers with normal serum cholesterol) and a group with high conventional risk factors, comparing both groups with an age and sex matched control group. Subgroups were formed by individuals aged below (young) and above (old) 60 years.Total- and HDL-cholesterol, apo-lipoproteins A-I and B and triglycerides showed co-variation with each others and with fatty acids in serum. With "factor analysis" seven "factors" were extracted and the factor scores for sub-groups were calculated. Two factors discriminated between young, high risk patients and controls. One was a positive risk factor and the other a negative one. The factors may be dependent on the existence of two unknown sub-groups of serum lipoproteins which were characterized by high concentrations of certain fatty acids.Coronary patients were found to have 9.1% higher antithrombin-III (AT-III) activity in their plasma than controls (p=0.037). Plasma selenium levels were slightly less in patients than in controls. There was a slight, but significant (r = 0.29 , p = 0.01 5) positive correlation between selenium and AT-III concentrations. Multivariate statistical anlysis indicated that selenium was significantly negatively correlated with disease.It is concluded that antithrombin-III tend to be high and that plasma selenium levels are relatively sub-normal in some coronary patients. It is also suggested that fatty acid analysis may be useful in the characterization of lipoproteins that are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.

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Nurhayati, Risa, Dewi Indriani, and Rahayu Budi Utami. "Postnatal Factors Related to Stunting in Children Under Five, Nganjuk, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue with height or age indicator and Z score less than -2 SD. In order not to cause problems, WHO (World Health Organization) recommends a stunting target of less than 20%. Nganjuk Regency is a district with a stunting prevalence of over 20%. Stunting is related to the postnatal incidence that children under 5 experience. This study had the purpose of determining the effect of postnatal factors on the incidence of stunting in Nganjuk Regency, East Java. Subjects and Method: A case control was conducted in Nganjuk Regency, East Java, from May 15 to June 15, 2020. A sample of 450 children under five was selected using fixed sampling of disease, including 150 stunted children (case) and 300 normal children (control). The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, breastfeeding, and history of infectious diseases. The data were collected by questionnaires and analysed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Stunting increased with short birth length (OR= 3.14; 95% CI= 2.42 to 3.86; p< 0.0001), no exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 2.31; 95% CI= 1.69 to 2.93; p< 0.001), and infectious disease history (OR= 2.26; 95% CI= 1.61 to 2.91; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Stunting increases with short birth length, no exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious disease history. Keyword: stunting, birth length, breastfeeding, history of infectious disease Correspondence: Risa Nurhayati. Study Program of Nursing Education, School of Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk, East Java. Email: ners.risa@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282142799100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40

Звіти організацій з теми "Age factors in disease":

1

Shtienberg, Dan, William Fry, Amos Dinoor, Thomas Zitter, and Uzi Kafkafi. Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613027.bard.

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The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.

2

Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. Role of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato Disease Resistance and Basal Defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696520.bard.

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The research problem: Bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases of tomato are causedby strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (Pst), respectively. These bacteria colonize aerial parts of the plant and causesignificant losses in tomato production worldwide. Protection against Xcv and Pst bycultural practices or chemical control has been unsuccessful and there are only limitedsources of genetic resistance to these pathogens. In previous research supported in part byBARD IS-3237-01, we extensively characterized changes in tomato gene expression uponthe onset of spot and speck disease resistance. A remarkable finding of these studies wasthe inducibility in tomato leaves by both Xcv and Pst strains of genes encodingtranscriptional activator of the GRAS family, which has not been previously linked todisease resistance. Goals: Central goals of this research were to investigate the role of GRAS genes in tomatoinnate immunity and to assess their potential use for disease control.Specific objectives were to: 1. Identify GRAS genes that are induced in tomato during thedefense response and analyze their role in disease resistance by loss-of-function experiments.2. Overexpress GRAS genes in tomato and characterize plants for possible broad-spectrumresistance. 3. Identify genes whose transcription is regulated by GRAS family. Our main achievements during this research program are in three major areas:1. Identification of tomato GRAS family members induced in defense responses andanalysis of their role in disease resistance. Genes encoding tomato GRAS family memberswere retrieved from databases and analyzed for their inducibility by Pst avirulent bacteria.Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that six SlGRAS transcripts are induced during theonset of disease resistance to Pst. Further expression analysis of two selected GRAS genesshowed that they accumulate in tomato plants in response to different avirulent bacteria orto the fungal elicitor EIX. In addition, eight SlGRAS genes, including the Pst-induciblefamily members, were induced by mechanical stress in part in a jasmonic acid-dependentmanner. Remarkably, SlGRAS6 gene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Pstin virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.2. Molecular analysis of pathogen-induced GRAS transcriptional activators. In aheterologous yeast system, Pst-inducible GRAS genes were shown to have the ability toactivate transcription in agreement with their putative function of transcription factors. Inaddition, deletion analysis demonstrated that short sequences at the amino-terminus ofSlGRAS2, SlGRAS4 and SlGRAS6 are sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally,defense-related SlGRAS proteins were found to localize to the cell nucleus. 3. Disease resistance and expression profiles of transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRASgenes. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRAS3 or SlGRAS6 were generated. Diseasesusceptibility tests revealed that these plants are not more resistant to Pst than wild-typeplants. Gene expression profiles of the overexpressing plants identified putative direct orindirect target genes regulated by SlGRAS3 and SlGRAS6. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities established a novel linkbetween the GRAS family of transcription factors, plant disease resistance and mechanicalstress response. SlGRAS6 was found to be required for disease resistance to Pstsuggesting that this and possibly other GRAS family members are involved in thetranscriptional reprogramming that takes place during the onset of disease resistance.Their nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability support their proposed roleas transcription factors or co-activators. However, the potential of utilizing GRAS familymembers for the improvement of plant disease resistance in agriculture has yet to bedemonstrated.

3

Kengsakul, Malika, Gatske Nieuwenhuyzen – de Boer, and Heleen van Beekhuizen. Radiological factors associated with residual disease after cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0059.

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Review question / Objective: Which radiological factors associated with incomplete cytoreduction (gross residual disease) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced ovarian cancer? Condition being studied: Findings of CT scan and discussion in the multidisciplinary tumor board meeting (MDO) are crucial to determine the therapeutic strategy for individual ovarian cancer patients. Preferably, patients undergo primary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, when complete cytoreduction is not considered feasible, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated. In patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), maximal cytoreduction to no gross residual tumor (complete cytoreduction) is known to associated with the best overall survival.

4

Moskalenko, O. L., O. V. Smirnova, E. V. Kasparov, and I. E. Kasparova. STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-340-348.

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The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

5

Ruamtawee, Witchakorn, Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul, Natnaree Aimyong, and Weerawat Manosuthi. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among People Living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific Region: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0108.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review was conducted to address the situation and associated factors both traditional and HIV-specific for CVD among adult people living with HIV who were aged ≥ 18 years in the Asia Pacific region, and focused only on the counties with the greatest impact of CVD attributable to HIV infection including Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Thailand in the HAART era since 2005. Information sources: This systematic review was performed in an attempt to retrieve epidemiological studies of CVD among PLHIV in the greatest impact of CVD attributable to HIV countries in the Asia Pacific region from the following sources: • MEDLINE via PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) • Embase (https://www.embase.com) • the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (https://www.cochranelibrary.com).

6

Liu, Miao, Hongan Wang, Jing Lu, Zhiyue Zhu, Chaoqun Song, Ye Tian, Xinzhi Chen, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Myasthenia Gravis A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0129.

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Review question / Objective: The patients should meet the internationally recognized diagnostic criteria for myasthenia gravis and be definitely diagnosed as myasthenia gravis, excluding MG patients caused by congenital, drug and other factors, as well as patients with serious primary diseases, autoimmune diseases or mental diseases. Patients are not restricted by race, region, gender, age, background, course of disease and other factors. We will focus on trials using vitamin D as an intervention at any dose and in any regimen (eg daily/weekly/monthly intake). The control group was routinely given western medicine, including cholinesterase inhibitors, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, alone or in combination, or placebo. The intervention group was treated with vitamin D on the basis of western medicine treatment in the control group. The specific dosage form and dose were not limited, and the shortest course of treatment should be 4 weeks. Main outcome measures: (1) Quantitative score of myasthenia gravis (QMG); (2) Recurrence rate; (3) Effective. Secondary outcome measures: (1) The level of serum acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRab); (2) The levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-10; (3) Clinical absolute score; (4) TCM syndrome score scale; (5) Quality of life score (QOL); (6) Incidence rate of adverse events. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) literatures from the establishment to September 2022 were retrieved and classified.

7

Sordillo, Lorraine, Don Wojchowski, Gary Perdew, Arthur Saran, and Gabriel Leitner. Identification of Staphylococcus aureaus Virulence Factors Associated with Bovine Mastitis. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574340.bard.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. The organism is able to adhere to and penetrate mammary epithelium, forming deep seated abscesses that result in chronic infections. This study was based on the observation that certain genotypes of S. aureus are isolated more frequently from field cases of bovine mastitis than others and the most prevalent genotypes of S. aureus have an increased ability to resist neutrophil phagocytosis and killing compared to the rare variants. It was hypothesized that these predominating genotypes differentially express virulence factors that allow them to overcome or suppress essential host defense mechanisms and successfully colonize mammary parenchyma. The overall objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which predominating S. aureus genotypes were able to resist mammary gland defense mechanisms. The following specific aims were accomplished to address the overall objectives of this project: 1. Analyze and compare cell surface and secreted protein profiles of common and rare S. aureus genotypes isolated from field cases of bovine mastitis. 2. Purify and sequence selectively synthesized proteins unique to the most prevalent genotypes of S. aureus . 3. Determine the in vitro effects of isolated proteins on essential host defense mechanisms. Results from each specific aim showed that these redominating genotypes differentially express factors that may allow them to overcome or suppress essential host defense mechanisms and successfully colonize mammary parenchyma. Using complementary approaches, both the US and Israeli teams identified differentially expressed S. aureus factors that were positively correlated with virulence as determined by the ability to modify host immune cell responses and increase disease pathogenesis. Several candidate virulence factors have ben identified at both the molecular (US team) and protein (Israeli team) levels. Components of the phosphotransferase system were shown to be differentially expressed in prevalent strains of S. aureus and to modify the growth potential of these strains in a milk microenvironment. Evidence provided by both the Israeli and US teams also demonstrated a potential role of Staphylococcal enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Certain enterotoxins were shown to directly affect neutrophil bactericidal activities which can profoundly affect the establishment of new intramammary infections. Other evidence suggests that S. aureus superantigens can suppress mammary defenses by enhancing lymphoid suppressor cell activity. Collectively, these data suggest that unique factors are associated with predominating S. aureus genotypes that can affect in vitro and in vivo virulence as related to the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis. The potential development of a subunit mastitis vaccine which incorporates only relevant antigenic determinants has not been investigated in depth. Experiments outlined in this proposal has identified putative virulence factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of S. aureus mastitis and which may be used to formulate an efficacious subunit mastitis vaccine. Results from these studies may lead to the development of new methods to prevent this costly disease, providing a viable alternative to less effective mastitis control procedures based on chemotherapy.

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Manulis-Sasson, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Laura Chalupowicz, Guido Sessa, and Thomas J. Burr. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactions: expression and function of virulence factors, plant defense responses and pathogen movement. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594405.bard.

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Clavibactermichiganensissubsp. michiganensis(Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The goal of the project was to unravel the molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato. The genome of Cmm contains numerous genes encoding for extracellular serine proteases and cell wall degrading enzymes. The first objective was to elucidate the role of secreted serine proteases in Cmm virulence. Mutants of nine genes encoding serine proteases of 3 different families were tested for their ability to induce wilting, when tomato stems were puncture-inoculated, as compared to blisters formation on leaves, when plants were spray-inoculated. All the mutants showed reduction in wilting and blister formation as compared to the wild type. The chpCmutant displayed the highest reduction, implicating its major role in symptom development. Five mutants of cell wall degrading enzymes and additional genes (i.e. perforin and sortase) caused wilting but were impaired in their ability to form blisters on leaves. These results suggest that Cmm differentially expressed virulence genes according to the site of penetration. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized two Cmmtranscriptional activators, Vatr1 and Vatr2 that regulate the expression of virulence factors, membrane and secreted proteins. The second objective was to determine the effect of bacterial virulence genes on movement of Cmm in tomato plants and identify the routes by which the pathogen contaminates seeds. Using a GFP-labeledCmm we could demonstrate that Cmm extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem and formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates. Our findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomAPAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates. We constructed a transposon plasmid that can be stably integrated into Cmm chromosome and express GFP, in order to follow movement to the seeds. Field strains from New York that were stably transformed with this construct, could not only access seeds systemically through the xylem, but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra-and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruit began to ripen. These results highlight the ability of Cmm to invade tomato fruit and seed through multiple entry routes. The third objective was to assess correlation between disease severity and expression levels of Cmm virulence genes and tomato defense genes. The effect of plant age on expression of tomato defense related proteins during Cmm infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Five genes out of eleven showed high induction at early stages of infection of plants with 19/20 leaves compared to young plants bearing 7/8 leaves. Previous results showed that Cmm virulence genes were expressed at early stages of infection in young plants compared to older plants. Results of this study suggest that Cmm virulence genes may suppress expression of tomato defense-related genes in young plants allowing effective disease development. The possibility that chpCis involved in suppression of tomato defense genes is currently under investigation by measuring the transcript level of several PR proteins, detected previously in our proteomics study. The fourth objective was to define genome location and stability of virulence genes in Cmm strains. New York isolates were compared to Israeli, Serbian, and NCPPB382 strains. The plasmid profiles of New York isolates were diverse and differed from both Israeli and Serbian strains. PCR analysis indicated that the presence of putative pathogenicity genes varied between isolates and highlighted the ephemeral nature of pathogenicity genes in field populations of Cmm. Results of this project significantly contributed to the understanding of Cmm virulence, its movement within tomato xylem or externally into the seeds, the role of serine proteases in disease development and initiated research on global regulation of Cmm virulence. These results form a basis for developing new strategies to combat wilt and canker disease of tomato.

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ZHAO, JIE, LIANHUA YE, WEI WANG, YANTAO YANG, ZHENGHAI SHEN, and SUNYIN RAO. Surgical Prognostic Factors of Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0047.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prognostic factors included surgical approach, type of SPLC(Synchronous and metachronous),histology,disease-free interval (DFI),tumor size,CT morphology, lymph node metastasis status, smoking status, gender. Condition being studied: With the development of imaging technology and better survival after primary lung cancer, the detection rate of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) has been increasing. At present, the staging and treatment of the second primary lung cancer are still controversial. Although surgery is widely accepted as the main treatment method, there is no unified diagnostic criteria and diagnosis and treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).