Дисертації з теми "ARN activateur"
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Sharov, Grigory. "Etude structurale du co-activateur transcriptionnel SAGA et de son module d'acétylation des histones." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ040/document.
Transcription initiation in eukaryotes requires the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and general transcription factors to the promoters of protein coding genes in order to form a PreInitiation Complex (PIC). Sequence specific activators bind up stream of the promoter, stimulating chromatin opening and PIC formation via recruitment of coactivator complexes. SAGA is such a coactivator, conserved in all eukaryotes, known to modify the histones on all expressed genes in yeast and human and involved in Pol II transcription. In this work I have analyzed SAGA’s molecular organization mostly by electron microscopy. I have (i) studied the architecture and sub unit interactions of SAGA histone acetylation (HAT) module and localized it in the full SAGA complex; (ii) obtained the first cryo-EM map of yeast SAGA and analyzed its flexibility; (iii) defined the interaction site of SAGA with TBP protein and shown that the complex under goes a large conformational change upon TBP binding
Yang, Qi. "Regulation of the yifK locus by multi-target small RNA GcvB in Salmonella." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954416.
Hache, Antoine. "Molecular basis of transcriptional dysregulations in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, a neurodegenerative polyglutamine disorder." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAJ083.
SCA7 is a genetic disorder whose one of its main symptoms is a progressive loss of visual acuity which can ultimately lead to blindness. The mutation responsible for this disease is an unstable CAG expansion within ATXN7, a gene encoding a subunit of the SAGA complex, a co-activator of the RNA polymerase II. Previous studies performed on transgenic mouse models highlighted a neuronal identity loss of the photoreceptors at the morphological, functional and molecular levels. During my PhD a characterization of a new SCA7 knock-in mouse model was performed. This model, which expresses the mutated genes at endogenous level recapitulates the retinal impairments observed in transgenic models and in patients. A transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and epigenomic (ChIP-seq) analyses were performed on this model and highlight global acetylation defects on lysine 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9ac and H3K27ac). Moreover, investigations on non-coding RNAs identified the presence of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) on photoreceptor specific genes such as Rho. These eRNAs, which were never described before, undergo a downregulation in symptomatic SCA7 mice
Laustriat, Delphine. "Les cellules souches pluripotentes en modélisation pathologique pour l'identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques : application à la Dystrophie Myotonique de type 1." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0017.
Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1), or Steinert disease, is one of the most common neuromuscular disorders in adults for whom no therapeutic solution other than symptomatic is available at present. The mutation, which consists in an unstable CTG expansion located in the 3' transcribed but untranslated region of the DMPK gene, leads in particular to the deregulation of several RNA-binding proteins. This engenders various splicing defects that are associated to the multisystemic symptoms. The availability of a preimplantation genetic diagnosis enabled the derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC) from embryos carrying the causative mutation. These cell lines, and now the induced pluripotent stem cells established from patients, constitute promising models for genetic disease’s exploration. Besides the possibility to investigate the pathology in a natural context, these cells open the way to every cell phenotypes without any quantitative restriction and thus appear as a valuable tool for large scale screening, and particularly for functional genomics approaches that systematically explore the involvement of genes in a given phenotype. The aim of my work was to explore the potential of such an approach by developing a loss of function RNA interference screen in order to identify new therapeutic targets by using a hESC line expressing the DM1 mutation. To that purpose we first identified a disease relevant cell population, i.e. hESC derived-mesenchymal progenitors expressing two DM1 biomarkers – foci and INSR splicing defects, suitable for large scale siRNA transfection. Then we developed, miniaturized and automated the transfection’s and phenotype detection’s steps. Finally, once all the conditions determined, we conducted a screening of a siRNA library targeting RNA-binding proteins that led to the identification of several candidate genes, including ELAVL1 which appears as a new DM1 therapeutic target. Indeed, its knockdown resulted in the improvement of several pathological splicing defects and normalized the glucose uptake impairment. We also showed that the enrichment of its nuclear fraction through the use of AMPK activators, some of which being widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, was able to mimic this corrective effect. My work thus underlies the interest of coupling RNAi screening to pathological pluripotent stem cells for the identification of new therapeutic targets with the view to accelerate drug discovery, and particularly in the case of rare diseases
Saguy, Matthieu. "Activateurs précoces du processus de trans-traduction : rôle de la protéine ribosomique S1 et recherche d’une activité ribonucléase liée au ribosome." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S001.
When bacterial translation stalls on a truncated messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomes are released by process called trans-translation. This system requires a particular ribonucleic acid: transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), acting in concert with several protein partners including ribosomal protein S1. In vitro studies showed that S1 is essential to the resume of translation on the internal open reading frame of tmRNA. Accordingly, any variation of the expression level of S1 in vivo is harmful to the process. Trans-translation occurs sometimes on non truncated mRNAs, which are subsequently cleaved into the ribosomal A site to trigger the process. The factor responsible of the cleavage is still unknown. In order to find out the way these mRNA are cleaved, an in vivo system allowing purification of stalled ribosomes on non truncated mRNAs was set up. No endoribonuclease could be identified, nevertheless an exonucleotytic activity was observed. A new model of trans-translation intervention was established
Kieffer, Kyong-Rim. "Stimulation de la réparation de l'ADN par des activateurs de la transcription." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13085.
Eukaryotic genes are contained within a higher order complex of DNA and histones called chromatin. Although packaging of DNA into chromatin provides the means for compaction of the entire genome to fit in the nucleus, it restricts the access of the many regulatory proteins required for essential biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and recombination. The chromatin, however, is not a static structure, but rather a dynamic assembly that condenses and decondenses (remodeling) in response to specific signals during cell life. Chromatin remodeling requires a specific set of enzymes that modify the nucleosome, the building block of chromatin. These enzymes fall into two classes: the first includes ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activities that use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosomal structure and/or arrangement, whereas the second class includes enzymes that add acetyl groups to the histone N termini. This thesis has described that DNA repair is also hindered by chromatin structure and requires a subset of chromatin remodeling enzymes from each class to optimally occur. In the promoter region, chromatin remodeling enzymes are dictated by sequence-specific activators, resulting in facilitated damage removal in the proximity of transcription initiation site. The mechanism of this preferential repair is independent of transcription machinery and transcription per se, although two events pass on the same template. Furthermore, transcriptionally inactive activator accomplishes the stimulation of repair by binding to its cognate sequences. It is likely that the function of activators is dual : (i) they help to derepress chromatin, a step common to DNA processes, (ii) in parallel or subsequently, and possibly in a cooperative manner according to activities demanded by the surrounding DNA, they recruit specific factors involved in transcription, DNA repair or replication
Diouf, Sarah. "Le co-activateur transcriptionnel CREB-binding protein (CBP) : un nouvel acteur de la fonction mitochondriale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30050.
CBP (CREB Binding Protein also called KAT3A) is a nuclear co-activator with an acetyltransferase activity. It interacts with a large number of transcription factors and thus regulates the transcription of many genes thereby being involved in a wide range of processes (proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis ...). CBP expression is also deregulated in several pathologies such as Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome or cancers. For instance, CBP has been shown to regulate myogenesis, i.e. the formation of muscles during embryogenesis and during regeneration in adults. In this work, we studied the role of CBP in this process using human primary myoblasts as a model. The analysis of CBP expression and sub-cellular localization in these cells showed that a fraction of the protein is found inside mitochondria. This finding suggests for the first time a role of this well-known nuclear co-activator outside of the nucleus. Hence, my Ph.D. project focused on deciphering the functions of CBP in this organelle. Mitochondria have their own genome and one of their main functions is to produce the energy required for the cell functions. We have shown that the cellular metabolic state controls the import of CBP into mitochondria. We also found that CBP and its acetyltransferase activity regulate the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription. Furthermore, our results indicate that CBP is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and therefore in the energy production. Finally, we show that CBP is also in mitochondria in other cell types and in other species, strongly suggesting that CBP functions in mitochondria are important and conserved
Jomrich, Gerd, Florian Maroske, Jasmin Stieger, Matthias Preusser, Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu, Daniel Winkler, Ivan Kristo, Matthias Paireder, and Sebastian Friedrich Schoppmann. "MK2 and ETV1 Are Prognostic Factors in Esophageal Adenocarcinomas." IVyspring International Publisher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.22310.
Mikaelian, Ivan. "Identification des domaines fonctionnels de la protéine EB1, activateur des gènes précoces du virus d'Epstein-Barr." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T178.
Gruffat, Henri. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des éléments géniques transmettant l'effet activateur du facteur de transcription R codé par le virus d'Epstein-Barr." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T128.
Lemadre, Elodie. "Nouveaux rôles anti-tumoraux de STAT1 : expression des immunoglobulines et réparation de l'ADN." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132020/document.
The transcription factor STAT1, as a major effector of interferon, plays a key role in innate immunity. Through its strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties STAT1 is also considered as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this project was to delineate new potential tumor suppressor properties for STAT1 in two signaling mechanisms: i) Ig expression in plasmacytoid cells and ii) cellular response to genotoxic stress.Our kinetic experiments, upon “de novo” expression of STAT1 in a rare STAT1-deficient cell line showed its modulation of membrane IgG expression. The underlying mechanism involves a STAT1-dependent inactivation of STAT3 and subsequently a decreased expression of BLIMP1, a major contributor to plasma cell differentiation. Since STAT1, like STAT3, is able to bind to the BLIMP1 promoter elements a transcriptional interference cannot be excluded.During alkylating agent treatment with MNNG we have observed the presence of STAT1 in DNA repair complex. STAT1 expression allows the recruitment into a MLH1/p53 complex of the kinase c-Abl. This complex leads to cytotoxic dependence on c-Abl kinase activity, an efficient DNA repair with a transient cell cycle arrest and to signaling mechanisms toward cell survival. At longer term of exposure STAT1 also lead to cellular resistance to treatment.These results provide evidences for new anti-tumor roles of STAT1 in two major regulatory systems and indicate STAT1 as a potential therapeutic target
Crotty, Christopher M. "Two distinct outward K+ conductances are simultaneously activated in TBY-2 suspension culture protoplasts." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38174.
Both components were highly K+-selective, however the tail current amplitudes of the slowly activating component at hyperpolarized potentials exhibited non-linear rectification whereas the tail current amplitudes of the fast activating component were linear. The ratio of inward tail current/activated outward current (envelope of tails test) was not constant during the depolarizing step; during the first 50--100 milliseconds the ratio was 6 times higher than at quasi-steady-state (i.e. after 0.3 second).
A pharmacological dissection of outward currents revealed that external Ba2+ in the range from 10 muM to 1 mM selectively inhibited a fast, sigmoidally activating, slowly inactivating current as revealed by examining difference currents. The more slowly activating component was inhibited by only 20% with 5 mM Ba2+. Conversely, nitrendipine or bepridil (5--100 muM) selectively inhibited the slower component of outward current. External TEA inhibited both the fast and slow components equally; tail current amplitudes of both components were inhibited by 40% with 2 mM TEA and the activation time courses in the presence of TEA conserved the same kinetic parameters as control currents.
Weißenberg, Sarah Yasmin [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Dörner, Roland [Gutachter] Lauster, and Thomas [Gutachter] Dörner. "CD40 stimulation activates ‘post-activated’ B Cells which are hyporesponsive to B Cell receptor and toll-like receptor 9 stimulation in autoimmunity / Sarah Yasmin Weißenberg ; Gutachter: Roland Lauster, Thomas Dörner ; Betreuer: Thomas Dörner." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226852769/34.
McDonald, John Tyson. "The Nrf2/ARE pathway influences intrinsic radiosensitivity and is activated by exposure to ionizing radiation." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1930285351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Sütterlin-Diradourian, Claire. "Implication de la protéine ZIP/p62 dans la régulation, par la p38-MAPK, de l'activité transcriptionnelle du récepteur nucléaire PPARalpha." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077060.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) belongs to the nuclear receptor family and plays a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis an inflammatory processes. In addition to its ligand-induced transcriptional activity, PPARa is also regulated by phosphorylation. In the liver, PPARa is phosphorylated by kinases such as ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium dependent protein kinase (PKC). The aim of this work was to examine the effect of p38-MAPK on PPARa transcriptional activity. Firstly, we showed that in COS-7 cells, the p38-MAPK activator anisomycin, phosphorylated PPARa in a dose dépendent manner and inhibited by 50% its transcriptional activity. Secondly, in H4IIE hepatoma cells, anisomycin-induced p38-MAPK phosphorylation decreased the endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (L-CPTI), a PPARa target gene. Thirdly, we demonstrated that PPARa/p38 MAPK interaction required a molecular adapter, the zeta PKC-interacting protein (ZIP). Indeed using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we found a trimeric interaction between PPARa, p38-MAPJ and ZIP. Finally, reducing ZIP expression by siRNA, impaired L-CPTI gene expression in response to anisomycin. In conclusion, we showed that p38-MAPK activation induced PPARa phosphorylatio and inhibition of its transcriptional activity through a trimeric interaction between thé p38-MAPK, ZlP and PPARa
Taylor, Patricia R. "J-LEAPS VACCINES ARE SUFFICIENT TO ACTIVATE AND DIRECT AN IMMUNE RESPONSE THROUGH DENDRITIC CELLS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1278684731.
López, López Carlos. "Factor de transcripción ACII ("Activator of Class II"), El. Formas proteicas, estructura y unión al ADN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3003.
Las moléculas del MHC de clase II se expresan en un reducido número de tipos celulares y estos se pueden dividir en dos grupos principales: aquellos que expresan estas moléculas de una forma constitutiva como son los linfocitos B y las células dendríticas, y aquellas que expresan las moléculas de clase II tras la estimulación con IFN-gamma como son los macrófagos, los fibroblastos y las células tímicas epiteliales. En todos los promotores de los diferentes genes de clase II tanto en humanos como en ratón se pueden encontrar en situación cis una serie de elementos comunes: En la región proximal se encuentran 3 elementos reguladores denominados W, X e Y cuya orientación, posiciones relativas y distancia entre sí están conservadas en todos los genes de clase II, tanto en las cadenas alpha como beta, y en todas las especies examinadas. Esto también es así también para la cadena invariante aunque se encuentra codificada en otro cromosoma diferente al de los genes del MHC. En la región distal contiene los mismos elementos reguladores que la región proximal pero en sentido inverso actuando como región represora. La regulación de los genes de clase II del MHC es mayoritariamente transcripcional aunque también existe una regulación a nivel traduccional. El factor que determina la expresión específica de las moléculas de clase II es el CIITA por activador transcripcional de clase II. El CIITA es un transactivador que no interacciona directamente con el ADN pero si con los factores constitutivos, con la maquinaria general de transcripción y con factores implicados en el remodelado del ADN. La expresión del factor CIITA está regulada por el uso de diferentes regiones promotoras. Quedan por definir todas las proteínas que intervendrían en la especificidad e inducibilidad del CIITA. En nuestro grupo una de la líneas de investigación es la del estudio de la regulación de la expresión de las moléculas de clase II. Mediante el rastreo de una genoteca murina de expresión con una sonda que contenía la secuencia de la caja X del gen IA beta nuestro grupo clonó un factor denominado ACII por activador de clase II que pensamos está implicado en la regulación de los genes de clase II.
El factor ACII presenta una localización nuclear y en los tipos celulares que expresan ACII, observamos el mismo patrón de cuatro formas proteícas y en ningún caso detectamos la forma proteica de 42.3 KDa que solamente la detectamos in vitro. Por lo que la forma de hACII.2 se corresponde con un mRNA no procesado mientras que hACII.1 sufre un procesamiento de 320 nt similar al caso murino donde se eliminan 260 nt. Se ha identificado el dominio hélice-giro-hélice de ACII como responsable de la unión al ADN. Además existen tres dominios LRR y un dominio rico en prolina que podrían mediar interacciones de tipo proteína-proteína. Mediante la utilización de diversas estrategias no hemos identificado ninguna proteína con la suficiente similitud con ACII para formar parte de una misma familia de factores de transcripción y mediante la técnica de la PCR-SITE SELECTION se ha identificado el motivo ACAA como el más afín en la unión al ADN del Factor ACII.
Traboulsi, Hussein. "Relationship between the transcription/DNA repair factor TFIIH and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor coactivator 1α PGC-1α". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6063.
Mutations in the subunit XPD of the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) lead to genetic disorders including trichothiodystrophy TTD. Knowing that subunit MAT1 of TFIIH is required for the full function of the proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), we decided to study the influence of the mutation R722W in XPD on PGC-1α activity. Using immortalized hepatocytes isolated from TTD mutant mice, we investigated the expression of PGC-1α target genes involved in gluconeogenesis. We observed that these genes are downregulated in TTD hepatocytes. Moreover, we found that XPD mutation disrupted the interaction between PGC-1α and the deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) leading to reduced activation of PGC-1α. We also showed that PGC-1α and SIRT1 both interact with TFIIH. We thus established that TFIIH is required for full PGC-1α activity in the gluconeogenesis pathway, and more likely through modulation of SIRT1 activity. Therefore, our results suggest that the deregulation in TTD likely results from the inability of the mutated TFIIH to fully participate in recruitment of PGC-1α and/or SIRT1 to the DNA
Galão, Rui Pedro Ribeiro. "Role of the cellular decapping activator LSM1-7 complex in the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7222.
Utilizando la capacidad del BMV, un virus de ARN de cadena positiva (ARN(+)), para replicar en levaduras se ha demostrado previamente que las subunidades del anillo LSm1-7, así como Pat1 y Dhh1, desempeñan un papel esencial en la transición del genoma del virus de BMV desde traducción a replicación. En células no infectadas, estas proteínas median la transición de ARNm celulares de la traducción a un estado de no-traducción mediante la activación del proceso de decapping en la via 5'-3' de degradación de los ARNs celulares dependiente de deadenilación. Teniendo en cuenta la conservación de esta vía desde levaduras a humanos y la necesidad común de todos los virus ARN(+) para regular la transición de sus genomas desde un estado activo de traducción a otro no activo para permitir la replicación, una posibilidad interesante, y nuestra hipótesis de trabajo, es que LSm1-7, Dhh1 y Pat1 son utilizadas no solo por BMV para replicar en levaduras, sino también por otros virus ARN(+) que infectan a humanos, como el virus de la hepatitis C, para replicar en células de mamíferos. Por otra parte, dado el papel clave de estas proteínas en un paso común en todos los virus de ARN(+), es esencial caracterizar los mecanismos moleculares aun no conocidos y asociados a dicha función. En este sentido, también estudiamos la hipótesis de que el complejo LSm1-7, como miembro de la familia de proteínas Sm, pueda interactuar directamente con los genomas virales de virus de ARN(+) con el fin de desempeñar su papel en el ciclo de vida del virus de una manera similar a la que otros miembros de su familia interactúan con sus ARN con el fin de lograr sus diferentes funciones celulares. En este trabajo hemos podido confirmar ambas hipótesis demostrando que los homólogos humanos de las proteínas anteriormente mencionadas, LSm1-7, Rck/p54 y PatL1, son necesarios para la traducción y replicación del ARN del virus de la Hepatitis C. Por otra parte, los anillos reconstituidos de LSm1-7 reconocen específicamente señales importantes, tanto en el genoma de BMV como en el de la Hepatitis C que regulan su traducción y/o replicación. Estas observaciones constituyen la primera evidencia de que el complejo LSm1-7 es capaz de interactuar directamente con genomas virales y representan también novedosos patrones de interacción de este complejo con ARN. Teniendo en cuenta las estrategias de replicación en común de los virus de ARN de cadena positiva y las funciones celulares conservadas de LSm1-7, Pat1 y Dhh1 de levaduras a humanos, nuestros resultados señalan la posibilidad de explotar estas proteínas para la generación de medicamentos antivirales de amplio espectro.
Matias, Madeleine Gundayao. "Animal calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels are homologous and derived from the ubiquitous Cation Diffusion Facilitators." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1453033.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 25, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-51).
Hirata, Hirokazu. "Caspases are Activated in a Branched Protease Cascade and Control Distinct Downstream Processes in Fas-induced Apoptosis." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182269.
Busso, Nathalie. "Expression des activateurs du plasminogène dans la pathophysiologie de la glande mammaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376035296.
Rondeau, Eric. "Les Activateurs du plasminogène du rein humain identification, localisation, facteurs de secrétion /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609458z.
Xia, Changlei. "Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Through Self-Activation Process." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849716/.
Trambakoulos, Dimitra Mimi. "Cardiovascular effects of activated coagulation FXII, 'new pressor protein' (NPP), are associated with potent adrenal medullary catecholamine release." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46164.pdf.
Sutton, Kate Maurice. "Functions of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptors, RANK and OPG, are evolutionarily conserved". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10041.
Sudalaiyadum, Perumal Ayyappasamy. "Role of the activator protein RbpA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in transcription regulation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT092/document.
RNA polymerase binding protein A (RbpA) is global transcriptional activator from actinomycetes species which is essential for growth and which increases tolerance of bacteria to antibiotics. RbpA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specifically stimulates transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) containing either the σA or σB subunits but none of the other 11 alternative σ factors. It has been reported that the functioning of RbpA is promoter-dependent and it is indispensible for promoter unwinding of the constitutive sigAP promoter. To decipher the nature of promoter specificity of RbpA, we used biochemical assays, mutagensis and genomics approaches. We found that placing ‘TG-motif' between -14 to -17 positions in sigAP wild-type promoter makes transcription independent of RbpA. Also, we have shown that RbpA increases ability of RNAP to melt sigAP promoter at sub-optimal temperatures and stabilises promoter complexes. Mutational analysis of amino acid residues H166 and E169 in the σB region 3.0 (σR3.0), interacting with TG-motif, demonstrated an implication of σR3.0 in RbpA-mediated stabilisation of RNAP promoter complexes. Substitution in RbpA at amino acid residue R79 affected the promoter-complex stability, while the substitutions at RbpA resdiues K73, K74 affected the transcription initiation. However, none of the RbpA mutants studied here affected opening of the promoter DNA. The differential roles played by these RbpA residues in promoter complex stabilization and transcription initiation together with the effect produced by the σB mutations suggest the implication of σR3.0 in RbpA action. Next, we performed genome-wide cartography of the RbpA-dependent genes from the σB regulon by using an in vitro RunOff Microarray Analysis (ROMA). ROMA analysis has shown clear evidence of 15 fold increase in the number of genes activated by σB-RNAP in the presence of RbpA. Bioinformatics analysis of 140 genes controlled by RbpA-σB pair allowed us to identify characteristic signature in the -10 consensus (‘TANNNT’) specific to σB subunit. Our study underlines an importance of the interplay between σR3.0 and RbpA in Mtb transcription. Based on our results we propose that RbpA may play a role of functional replacement for TG-motif of the extended -10 elements in mycobacterium species
Tran, van Nhan. "Study of trm112, a unique methyltransferase activator at the interface between ribosome synthesis and function." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX052/document.
Methylation is a widely distributed modification found in a variety of substrates involved in different steps of eukaryotic protein translation. Methylation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases) generally using S-adenosyl-L- methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as the methyl donor. The effects of methylation on translation are perfectly illustrated by the Trm112 protein, which is an activating platform, essential for the function of four SAM-dependent MTases (Trm9, Trm11, Bud23 and Mtq2) modifying factors participated in protein synthesis. The Trm9-Trm112 and Trm11-Trm112 complexes methylate some tRNAs to form mcm5U34 and m2G10 respectively. The Bud23-Trm112 complex modifies 18S rRNA to form m7G1715 while the Mtq2-Trm112 complex methylates class I translation termination factor eRF1 at glutamine side chain of GGQ motif. Until now, the study of Trm112 network in eukaryotes has been quite clear structurally and functionally, however, little is known for corresponding proteins in Archaea.My PhD project aims to characterize the Trm112 network in archaea using Haloferax volcanii as a model organism and to decipher the mechanisms of substrate modification by Trm112-MTase complexes. This will help understanding the roles of these enzymes in protein synthesis from an evolutionary point of view.Towards this goal, I have generated several H. volcanii strains (Δtrm112, Δtrm112 Trm112-Flag, …). Co-immunoprecipitation of Trm112-Flag coupled to mass spectrometry allowed me identifying a significant number of methyltransferases (MTases), including putative orthologues of eukaryotic Trm112 partners, as potential interactors. I have next validated these new partners by biochemical approaches (co-purification, enzymatic assays, …) and determined the crystal structure for one Trm112-MTase complex. I have then convincing evidences that H. volcanii Trm12 has more MTase partners than the eukaryotic one. My work opens new routes towards the characterization of the role of Trm112 in archaea but has also led to the identification of a new MTase partner of the eukaryotic Trm112
Jagot, Lacoussière Léonard. "Interactions protéine-protéine dans le contrôle de l'apoptose : Développements thérapeutiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC218.
My work is based on the identification and the biological characterization of new molecules implicated in the apoptotic response by the study of protein interactions. Our goal is to produce small molecules effective against cancer cells by the control of protein-protein interactions. My work has two main axes. Le first one is focused on the non-apoptotic functions of the Apaf-1 protein in the stress response induced by anti-cancer agents through the arrest of the cell cycle. This role of Apaf-1 requires a redistribution of the protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its nuclear translocation seems to be a positive prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. I show that this process of redistribution of Apaf-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, dependent on the DNA damage, is mediated by an interaction between the protein and the nucleoporin NUP107. The second axe is based on the validation of the inactivation of the AAC-11 protein as a therapeutic strategy for the cancer. This protein, initially identified as a survival protein in the absence of growth factors, is overexpressed in a large number of tumor tissues and is essential to their survival. It interacts with its partners through a leucine-zipper domain and we have developed cell penetrating peptides targeting this domain, preventing the interaction between AAC-11 and its protein partners and interfering with its functions. My work is based on the evaluation of these peptides and on their optimization
Mexas, Angela Marie. "CD4+CD25+ REGULATORY T CELLS ARE INFECTED AND ACTIVATED PHENOTYPICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY DURING ACUTE INFECTION WITH FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11022007-103144/.
Orlandini, Ervin. "Pesticide removal by combined ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration /." Rotterdam ; Brookfield : Balkema, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37738501t.
Gründel, Anne, Kathleen Friedrich, Melanie Pfeiffer, Enno Jacobs, and Roger Dumke. "Subunits of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Cluster of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Are Surface-Displayed Proteins that Bind and Activate Human Plasminogen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-173747.
Steiner, Ann-Kristin [Verfasser], Konstantin [Akademischer Betreuer] Amsharov, and Konstantin [Gutachter] Amsharov. "Synthesis of Carbon-Based Nanostructures by Cyclodehydrofluorination on Activated gamma-Al2O3 / Ann-Kristin Steiner ; Gutachter: Konstantin Amsharov ; Betreuer: Konstantin Amsharov." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232496898/34.
Sadji-Ouatas, Zahia. "Mécanismes de signalisation de l'analogue de la somatostatine, octréotide : rôle dans la régulation de l'activité du complexe Ku86/DNA-PKcs, de la prolifération cellulaire et des modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine p53." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077243.
Deutsch, Matthias [Verfasser], Sigrun [Gutachter] Korsching, Arnd [Gutachter] Baumann, and Guenter [Gutachter] Schwarz. "Role of Hyperpolarization activated and Cyclic Nucleotide gated (HCN) Channels in Hippocampal Neurons / Matthias Deutsch ; Gutachter: Sigrun Korsching, Arnd Baumann, Guenter Schwarz." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207074314/34.
Teichert, Arnaud. "Etude du contrôle de l'expression génique par le récepteur des glucocorticoïdes : importance de ses fonctions trans-activatrices dans sa spécificité tissulaire et génique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077174.
Mennour, Sabrina. "Activité de liaison à l’ARN des protéines de la voie de signalisation MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) dans le mélanome LncRNA-Mediated Protein-Protein Scaffolding in Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL062.
Recent studies have underscored the importance of RNAs in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. By allowing the assembly of protein complexes, non-coding RNAs act as scaffolds and thus promote protein-protein interactions in order to regulate the chromatin state. RNAs are also able to interact with proteins in order to modulate their activities, interactions or localisation. In the cytoplasm, signalling pathways are regulated through a cascade of protein-protein interactions. In the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signalling pathway, the binding of a ligand to a membrane receptor triggers a cascade of phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions that allow the transduction of the signal. Abnormal activity of this pathway through increased ligand binding or activating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction associated with tumor initiation and progression.The potential role of RNAs in the direct regulation of protein-protein interactions of key cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways remains largely unknown. The aim of the thesis was to investigate and demonstrate the direct RNA binding activity of proteins involved in the MAPK pathway and to evaluate the role of RNA-protein interactions on intracellular signalling.Using a combination of CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) and silica matrix-based affinity capture (2C complex capture) approaches that can uncover direct interactions between proteins and RNAs in vivo, we demonstrated a direct interaction between key MAPK signalling proteins and RNA in melanoma cells. Subsequent microscopy studies using proximity ligation assay (PLA) led us to demonstrate an RNA-dependent modulation of protein-protein interactions in the MAPK pathway, suggesting that an RNA component is involved in the stabilization of these protein-protein interactions. We specifically identified a deletion mutant in BRAF, a central oncogenic protein and therapeutic target in melanoma, that lacks RNA binding activity and harbors decreased signalling activity.By highlighting the existence of an RNA-mediated modulation of protein-protein interactions, this study shows the unprecedented importance of the RNA binding activity of key signal transduction proteins that should be considered in the understanding and targeting of tumor cells
Malm, S. W., N. T. Hanke, A. Gill, L. Carbajal, and A. F. Baker. "The anti-tumor efficacy of 2-deoxyglucose and D-allose are enhanced with p38 inhibition in pancreatic and ovarian cell lines." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610319.
Brami, Brigitte. "Modulation de l'activité adénylate-cyclase du cortex surrénal bovin par l'angiotensine II et les activateurs potentiels de la protéine-kinase C." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612297t.
Kryszke, Marie-Hélène. "Aspects du mécanisme de fonctionnement des activateurs identification de protéines cellulaires impliquées dans la reconnaissance des séquences activatrices du virus Polyome /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376148075.
Ericsson, Emma-Helena. "Are organohalogen compounds in backwash water from swimming pool facilities treatable? : An experimental investigation of removal capacities by different filter materials." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284338.
När människor badar i bassänger hamnar vanligtvis naturligt organiskt material i dem, såsom urin, svett, hår och hudflagor. Desinfektionsmedlet som tillsätts (oftast klor) har som syfte att avlägsna mikroorganismer, men när naturligt organiskt material hamnar i vattnet kommer också oavsiktliga reaktioner ske och halogenerade organiska föreningar bildas. Dessa föreningar kan kvantifieras via AOX måttet (adsorberbar organisk halogen), vilket är den samlade förekomsten av alla bundna organiska halogener i ett prov. AOX består således av flera hundra olika föreningar, varav vissa är mer lipofila och benämns EOX (extraherbar organisk halogen). Många av de föreningar inkluderade i AOX är bioackumulativa, persistenta och giftiga för akvatiska organismer, även i låga koncentrationer. Förutom att vara miljöfarliga för akvatiska ekosystem, kan de också vara skadliga för människans hälsa. Filtret som renar badvattnet i simhallar behöver backspolas regelbundet och backspolvattnet, som innehåller AOX, skickas vanligen till spillvattennätet. Vid avloppsreningsverket är det visat i ett tidigare examensarbete samt i andra rapporter att en del av de inkommande AOX ämnena även följer med det utgående, renade, vattnet ut i recipienten. Det är därmed av vikt att minimera ämnena redan vid källan, det vill säga på badanläggningen. I denna masteruppsats har behandlingstekniker för halogenerade organiska föreningar undersökts. Huvudfokus har varit på experimentella kolonntester för fyra filtermaterial (granulerat aktivt kol, naturliga zeoliter, PoloniteR och Zugol), men även andra tekniker har studerats teoretiskt. I testerna användes äkta backspolvatten från en simhall. Alla material reducerade AOX till viss del och visade på effektivare reducering efter hand. Det var dock tydligt att det aktiva kolet var mest effektivt och hade hög reducering redan i första mätningen, AOX-reduceringen låg på över 95 % (jämfört med det obehandlade backspolvattnet). Vad som dock var problematiskt med det aktiva kolet var att det släppte höga halter fosfor i början av kolonntestet, vilket också bekräftades med ett skaktest. Dessutom uppvisade materialet praktiska problem. Ur ett realistiskt perspektiv med dessa problem i åtanke, blir det inte hållbart i längden att använda detta specifika kol. Det finns dock många olika typer av aktivt kol, vilka förmodligen är mer lämpliga och som inte uppvisar dessa problem, och kan användas för detta ändamål. Vidare antyder det erhållna resultatet att de mer lipofila föreningarna av AOX (EOX) är bundet till partikulärt organiskt material och därmed påverkas väsentligt av mekanisk filtrering. Det är dock viktigt med en aktiv bindning. Projektet har påverkats av covid-19 pandemin med lägre antal folk på badhusen samt mindre tillgång till laboratoriet vid KTH. En föreslagen förbättring av metoden är att ha en kontinuerlig omblandning i förvaringskärlet med det obehandlade vattnet innan det tillförs kolonnerna. Vidare nämns det att modifierade zeoliter verkar lovande samt att nästa viktiga steg för projektet är att bestämma livstiden för filtermaterialen.
Zana, Elodie. "Physiopathologie des anomalies du développement alvéolaire dans le RCIU : approche expérimentale et clinique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T020/document.
Insufficient intrauterine growth is with prematurity and congenital malformations, a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. These conditions are interrelated, the preterm infants often suffered of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Recent epidemiological stud-ies showed that IUGR was associated with increased respiratory morbidity as soon as the ne-onatal period, with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the main respira-tory sequelae of prematurity. BPD is characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular devel-opment and is the consequence of multiple insults on an immature lung. The exact pathophysi-ology is still largely unknown. We study in this work the relationship between IUGR and DBP with an experimental and clinical approach. While epidemiological studies are relatively concordant on the relationship between IUGR and BPD, experimental studies showed various results in lung development and molecular process. We wanted to identify, at first, a model of IUGR reproducing impaired alveolar development observed in humans using three previously validated models in rats: a model of per-gestational protein restriction, a model of unilateral ligation uterine artery, an injection pattern of a chemical inhibitor of NO synthase, L NAME. Only antenatal protein restriction can reproduce long-term impaired alveolarization as those observed in BPD. However, in this model, changes in key genes previously identified in pathological alveolar development are not observed before, during or after alveolarization. This result led us to perform a genome-wide analysis which identified several modified path-ways during alveolarization. Among these, the genes involved in the “cardiac contractility”, “cell adhesion molecules”, “immunity”, “molecular adhesion” or the "Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor" pathways. In the clinical part of this study, we evaluated the risk of BPD in extreme preterm infants with IUGR whose mothers had evidence of vascular disease of pregnancy (preeclampsia). This single-center retrospective study of 184 children was used to compare children with IUGR in adjusted for gestational age children. The vascular IUGR increases the risk of DBP by 6. An early marker of progression to BPD is a low platelet count at birth, referring to the role of high levels of circulating anti-angiogenic factors. A study is ongoing to correlate circulating anti-angiogenic factors present in preeclamptic mothers to res-piratory outcome and particularly BDP, in newborn younger than 30 weeks of gestational age at birth. In conclusion, we have shown experimentally that only prenatal protein restriction in rats reproduced impaired alveolarization comparable to those observed in the BPD. New mo-lecular pathways potentially involved in the impaired alveolarization were highlighted. More-over, the role of placental anti-angiogenic factors leading to development of BPD is evaluat-ed
Miroslav, Dramićanin. "Uticaj aktivnog premaza na dubinu uvara pri zavarivanju nerđajućeg čelika netopljivom elektrodom u zaštiti inertnog gasa." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111073&source=NDLTD&language=en.
In this doctoral thesis, the selection of solvent, size, type and the content ofoxide particles in activated flux aimed at increasing the penetration onaustenitic stainless steel in gas tungsten arc welding is presented. Besidesactivated flux composition, the optimization of welding parameters such aselectrode geometry, welding current and welding speed was done. After theselection of successful activated flux formulations and welding parameters,the characterization of mechanical properties, chemical composition andmicrostructure was determined.
Kemme, Michiel Jan Bernard. "Endothelial function determined from systemic plasma concentrations : release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and binding of tissue plasminogen activator /." Leiden, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40223396n.
Kumar, Alan P. "Structure-Function Studies on Aspartate Transcarbamoylase and Regulation of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis by a Positive Activator Protein, PyrR in Pseudomonas putida." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4362/.
Akbay, Burkitkan. "Regulation of the Akt/mTORC1 Pathway by HIV Transcriptional Activator Tat in B Cells Modulation of mTORC1 Signaling Pathway by HIV-1 Production of Stable Cell Lines on the Basis of the Cultured RPMI 8866 B-Cells with Constant and Inducible Expression of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Protein HIV-1 Tat Activates Akt/mTORC1 Pathway and AICDA Expression by Downregulating Its Transcriptional Inhibitors in B Cells." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL026.
Aggressive B cell lymphomas are the main cause of death in HIV-1 infected individuals, although B cells are not targeted by the virus. The exact mechanisms of the development of these lymphomas are not known. Previous studies of our team revealed that HIV-1 Tat can penetrate B cells, where it can induce ROS production, DNA damage and increase the chances of the oncogenic translocations specific for Burkitt lymphoma. In addition in many immune cells HIV-1 and its proteins (e.g. Tat) can regulate Akt/mTORC1 pathway, a central integrator of many intra and extracellular signals including viral infection and DNA damage. However, no studies have examined the regulation of Akt/mTORC1 pathway by Tat in B cells. In this thesis I have tested the hypothesis that HIV-1 Tat might produce oncogenic effects in B cells by modulating Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway and regulating expression of genes involved in lymphomagenesis. I found that HIV-1 Tat activated Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, which leads to aberrant activation of AICDA (activation induced cytidine deaminase) due to inhibition of AICDA transcriptional repressors c-Myb and E2F8. These perturbations may ultimately lead to an increased genomic instability and proliferation that might cause B cell malignancies
Palm-Forster, Mieder Anthony Thomas [Verfasser], Dierk [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheel, Sacha [Akademischer Betreuer] Baginsky, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Dröge-Laser. "Identification and functional characterisation of three novel Proline Rich Proteins that are Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase substrates / Mieder Anthony Thomas Palm-Forster. Betreuer: Dierk Scheel ; Sacha Baginsky ; Wolfgang Dröge-Laser." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031915028/34.
Volk, Nadine [Verfasser], and Peter Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Nawroth. "Diabetes-induced mitochondrial changes are tissue- and model-dependent and elevated glucose levels do not activate the pathways of hyperglycemic damage in the kidney / Nadine Volk ; Betreuer: Peter Paul Nawroth." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177384280/34.
Zana-Taïeb, Elodie. "Physiopathologie des anomalies du développement alvéolaire dans le RCIU : approche expérimentale et clinique." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060181.
Noriega, Esteban Núria. "The Rtg1 and Rtg3 proteins are novel transcription factors regulated by the yeast hog1 mapk upon osmotic stress." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7158.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the adaptation to high osmolarity is mediated by the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway, which elicits different cellular responses required for cell survival upon osmostress. Regulation of gene expression is a major adaptative response required for cell survival in response to osmotic stress. At least five transcription factors have been reported to be controlled by the Hog1 MAPK. However, they cannot account for the regulation of all of the genes under the control of the Hog1 MAPK. Here we show that the Rtg1/3 transcriptional complex regulates the expression of specific genes upon osmostress in a Hog1-dependent manner. Hog1 phosphorylates both Rtg1 and Rtg3 proteins. However, none of these phosphorylations are essential for the transcriptional regulation upon osmostress. Here we also show that the deletion of RTG proteins leads to osmosensitivity at high osmolarity, suggesting that the RTG-pathway integrity is essential for cell survival upon stress.