Дисертації з теми "Cellular tests"
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Zhang, Ganggang. "Tests des composés de nacre sur l'activité des ostéoblastes et leur identification." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0051/document.
With many exceptional qualities (biocompatible and osteogenic), nacre represents a natural biomaterial as a bone substitute. However, the osteogenic compounds in nacre are not yet known. Our work aims at the identification of the osteogenic compounds in nacre. The ESM (soluble ethanol matrix) is an extract of nacre that is shown to be osteogenic. From the ESM, we have tried several approaches to target and identify these compounds. Thanks to the coupling of MC3T3-E1 cells and the human osteoarthritis osteoblasts, we demonstrated that the cationic part of the ESM is osteogenic, without interaction with the anionic part. Calcium plays a role in the osteogenic activity of the ESM. Then, we created a cell line stably expressing a plasmid containing an osteogenic reporter gene (ATDC5 pMetLuc2 ColX promoter). Thanks to this cell line, we found out that the lipids and sugars in the ESM have an osteogenic effect. The peptides precipitated by TCA are also demonstrated to be osteogenic, which have led to their partial identification by LC-MS. These results allow us to move farther and faster towards the identification of osteogenic compounds in nacre and the applications of nacre in clinical orthopaedics
Barbier, Lucie. "Study of cellular mechanisms allowing dendritic cell migration in restricted spaces." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL028.
Upon infection, mature dendritic cells (mDCs) migrate from peripheral tissue to lymph nodes and initiate the adaptive immune response. This fast and tightly regulated process imposes a series of physical constraints and is tuned by different microenvironmental factors, such as the physical properties of the tissue. Mechanistically, mDCs migration relies on actomyosin flow and contractility, which are dependent on non‐muscular Myosin IIA activity. However, the specific mechanoresponse that allows mDCs to adapt their migration machinery to irregular 3D landscapes has not been fully characterized. In this work, we combined a series of approaches, from micro‐fabricated devices to ex vivo skin models, to dissect the cytoskeleton rearrangements used by mDCs to overcome the physical barriers imposed by the tissue. We have shown mDCs are able to maintain a constant speed while migrating at different levels of confinement. This reveals the extreme capacity of mDCs to adapt their migration machinery in response to changes in the geometry of their microenvironment. At the cellular level, confinement in microchannels induces a fast and specific actomyosin remodelling in mDCs. This reveals a complete actomyosin rearrangement triggered by confinement, which is essential for mDCs migratory plasticity that allows these cells to move in intricate 3D geometries. The full understanding of how mDCs and other leukocytes adapt their motility to specific tissue structures will provide better knowledge on how cell migration is controlled in confined spaces and new insight to finely tune their migration to promote or prevent immune responses
Hansson, Helene. "Methodological aspects on anti-nuclear antibody determination in canine autoimmunity and in vitro studies of antigen-specific cellular responses /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5439-5.pdf.
Görge, Julie. "Immunodiagnostic par agglutination magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00610317.
Delompre, Thomas. "Compréhension des mécanismes de perception sensorielle de compléments nutritionnels sous différentes formulations." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK038.
Taking nutritional supplements is recommended when a normal diet is no sufficient to maintain a good nutritional status. The active ingredients of these products are mainly vitamins, minerals, trace elements and plant extracts. The oral method of administration is widely preferred by consumers, therefore the products are marketed as effervescent tablets, chewable, orodispersible powders and tablets or gelled forms. In addition to their nutritional effectiveness, these products must meet consumer’s expectations as “taste” or “flavor”. However, these nutritional supplements are often described with not identified taste defects, which limit their acceptability.The sensory characterization of these “off-tastes”, the involved compounds identification and the understanding of the mechanisms at the origin of their detection are a real challenge for industry concerned. In this work, a methodology based on sensory and cellular approaches has been implemented in order to improve knowledge on the perception of nutritional supplements “off-tastes” and to highlight possible options for new masking strategies.For the “off-tastes” characterization and quantification, the sensory profiles of different ranges and forms of nutritional supplements were determined by panels of tasters. A sensory analysis protocol adapted to the galenic form evaluated (effervescent or orodispersible) allows to identify and quantify some negative perceptions. The results obtained also demonstrated the presence of a slightly strong bitterness for many nutritional supplements, which could recurrently contribute to their "off-taste". A sensory analysis of these same nutritional supplements with and without retronasal flow blockage conditions revealed positive and/or negative perceptual interactions between aromatic and sapid molecules whose origin remains to be demonstrated.The correlation between sensory profiles and nutritional supplements compositions revealed that some active ingredients such as vitamins could be involved in their bitterness. In humans, bitter substances are detected in the mouth by 25 bitter taste receptors called TAS2Rs. In vitro functional experimental protocol showed that four vitamin compounds were able to activate one or more TAS2R(s). In parallel, we completed this functional experiment with psychometric measurements of the human bitter detection threshold. Comparison of sensory and cellular data revealed the importance of oral physiology and information central integration on the taste stimulus perception. The results obtained demonstrated that the combination of a cellular and sensory approach seemed to be an effective alternative method to evaluate the real contribution of one or more compounds to the negative sensory perceptions of nutritional supplements
Lay, Russo Nadège. "Différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires murines et des cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines en cellules dendritiques : cellules d'intérêt pour les tests de toxicologie." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4077.
The seventh amendment in the European cosmetic directive imposes an abandonment of the tests on animals to measure the allergenic or irritant effects of some compounds used in cosmetic. The allergenic response in animals ‘models includes five aspects but in the in vitro test each aspect is studied separately. Among the in vitro tests of toxicity which are envisaged, dendritic cells, which are antigen presenting cells, were revealed as cells of choice for study one of these aspects. However today it is difficult to obtain a reliable and strong source of dendritic cells allowing working out a reglementary test. The aim of my thesis project was to propose an alternative model in these tests on animals. For it we set up the conditions allowing generating dendritic cells derived of stern cells. For it we have two sources of stem cells (hiPS) which having all the characteristics of the embryonic stem cells without raise ethical problems. These two types of cells allowed having an inexhaustible and plentiful source of dendritic cells. We set up one protocol allowing generating and purifying a population of dendritic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells. Cells were characterized by gene expression like CD45, CD86. Furthermore we realized as functional test that consists to measure the dextran-FICT endocytosis and the answer of this cellular population to allergenic reference molecules such as MCI/MI or TNBS. We also tried to generate “dendritic-like” cells from human iPS based to expression of specifics markers as CD45, CD34, CD1a, CD14, CD209, CD207, CD86 and HLA-DR. Several protocols were envisaged. However dendritic-like cells obtained represent a low percentage of differentiated cells and the protocol is in the course of optimization. Increasingly tests use keratinocytes cells for evaluate another aspect of allergenic response. So we were interesting also to these cells and we will present first steps differentiation of hiPS that will allow generating keratinocytes
Santos, Paulo Miguel Trindade. "Estratégias para melhoramento das propriedades mecânicas de compósitos baseados em cortiça aglomerada." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22346.
The use of cork material has been quickly spreading over the last years due to more care taken to environmental issues. The scrap coming from the production of traditional wine stopper or from the production of other cork products is generally triturated and agglomerated. The so-called agglomerated cork material has been finding a wide range of applications, being a good thermal and acoustic insulator, vibration and impact absorber. Nevertheless, scientific literature has been addressing agglomerated cork in a very general way and defining density and grain size as the two main defining parameters. Many studies that used agglomerated cork, failed to specify the parameters that were used in its production. This dissertation aims to show that, apart from density and grain size, there are other parameters, such as binder type or its quantity, may also have a very significant effect on the mechanical properties of cork in agglomerated form. To this end, the whole production process is detailed and a campaign of static and dynamic tests is carried out. Another goal of this dissertation was to determine the influence of the incorporation of nanomaterials, namely graphene and graphene oxide, as reinforcement on the agglomerated cork. With that goal, a second experimental campaign was planned and carried out. Consisting of quasi-static compression tests and burn tests. With the results obtain it was possible to conclude, that by altering the production parameters of the agglomerated cork it is possible to change its properties, to meet the requirements of the intended application.
Devido a uma maior preocupação ambiental, produtos à base de cortiça têm ganho relevo nas mais diversas áreas. As sobras da produção de rolhas e outros produtos de cortiça são geralmente triturados e aglomerados. O produto resultante é denominado cortiça aglomerada, sendo este um material com grande variedade de aplicações. A cortiça aglomerada é um bom isolante térmico e acústico, tendo ainda boa capacidade de absorver vibrações e energia de impactos. Todavia, a literatura científica tem apresentado a cortiça aglomerada de modo muito genérico e pouco especifico, definindo a densidade e o tamanho do grão utilizado na produção do aglomerado, como os dois principais parâmetros que influenciam as propriedades da cortiça aglomerada. Muitos estudos efetuados, que recorreram a cortiça aglomerada, são vagos nas informações que fornecem sobre o aglomerado de cortiça utilizado, ou mesmo em alguns casos estas informações encontram-se omissas. É o objetivo desta dissertação, demonstrar que existem outros parâmetros que influenciam as propriedades mecânicas da cortiça aglomerada e quantificar a sua influência. Para o efeito, uma campanha experimental com base em testes de compressão quase-estáticos e testes dinâmicos foi planeada e executada. Ainda como objetivo desta dissertação, foi estudar a influência da incorporação de nano materiais, nomeadamente grafeno e óxido de grafeno, como reforço na cortiça aglomerada. Com esse objetivo, uma segunda campanha experimental foi planeada e executada. Com o estudo dos dados obtidos foi possível provar que alterando os parâmetros de produção da cortiça aglomerada, é possível adequar as suas propriedades à aplicação a que destina.
Coulomb, L'Hermine Aurore. "Rôle physiologique des chimiokines : l'exemple de SDF-1 et de la fractalkine." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T031.
Stoian, Alina. "Modélisation et simulation de l'atmosphère d'une enceinte membranaire pour des tests de toxicité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20026.
A major problem during in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the lack of knowledge of the evolution of the concentration of such compounds during the course of experimental studies with living systems. This work presents the design of a novel experimental device for the study of cell culture exposure to VOCs. The device is made of two compartments separated by a porous hydrophobic membrane and allows relatively long durations of handling without restricting cellular breathing. A theoretical modeling which couples mass and moment conservation between the different phases inside the device with the breathing kinetics of hybridoma cells (ATCC CRL-1606) was developed. The model allows predicting the evolution of the concentration of the VOCs, the oxygen and the carbon dioxide inside the device. The simulations of the mass transfer of the VOCs simulated presented a good agreement with experiments and showed that the type of membrane and its diameter, the VOCs partition coefficient and the height of the liquid phase have a significant influence on the evolution of their concentration in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the availability of oxygen for the cells depends mainly on the initial cellular density, the specific kinetics of consumption of this gas and on the height of the liquid phase, whereas the parameters related to membrane have an influence on the control of the pH
Al-Dafafea, Taher. "Analyses expérimentale et numérique du comportement de poutres à ouvertures d'âmes raidies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC024/document.
The present thesis aims to characterize the mechanical behavior to failure of steel beams with openings, with variable shapes and sizes, reinforced or not by stiffeners. The study considers beams of realistic dimensions and combines different approaches: tests, finite element models and analytical models. The stiffeners are generally used to improve some weaknesses in the mechanical behavior around the openings. Around rectangular openings, these stiffeners, in vertical or horizontal arrangements, have been the subject of limited number of scientific publications. In general, the behavior of beams with web openings is considered similar to that of Vierendeel beams with loads applied at the nodes. This hypothesis allows to consider that each frame around the opening is characterized by a bi-triangular local bending moment along the frame elements. In fact, the bending moment distribution, and their resultant axial stresses, along a frame can be more complex and depends on the shape of the opening (rectangular, hexagonal, circular, sinusoidal or any), the position of the opening along the beam and finally, the type of loading (concentrated or uniformly distributed). Several numerical and experimental studies have been conducted on the beams with web openings and different analytical approaches have been developed to describe and predict the behavior of these beams. However, these models show some inaccuracies or inadequacies depending on the types and dimensions of openings including rectangular openings. The work presented in this thesis examines the main existing models predicting the resistance for beams with web openings. It shows their advantages and limits based on the existing but limited results. To obtain additional and specific results to be used in the comparisons and to validate a finite element model developed within the framework of the study, an experimental campaign is carried out. The tests are focused on beams of real dimensions with different configurations of isolated openings reinforced or not by stiffeners. The measurements around the opening use strain gauges to analyze the stress profile and its evolution, during loading, in different critical sections. The tests are carried out until failure generally characterized by a combination of elastic-plastic behavior and local instability around openings. Some final failures occurred by tensile-shear fracture of steel in some critical zones. Numerical and experimental analyzes are performed to study the influence of various conditions on the stresses distributions, in particular axial stresses, within the frames around the openings. The stress distribution is mainly observed to evaluate the local buckling potential that remains a complex phenomenon difficult to predict. The results are also analyzed to understand the mechanical behavior of the openings reinforced by stiffeners of different dimensions and positions. The parametric study conducted using the validated finite element model allows evaluating the relevance of the assumptions considered in the existing analytical approaches. These analyzes made it possible to propose an analytical model taking into-account the behavior of isolated openings with or without stiffeners
Roux, Hélène. "Optimisation d'un test in vitro de la cytocompatibilité des biomatériaux en culture organotypique." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD567.
Edwards, Gillian. "Some studies of Leydig cell cytotoxicity ethane-1,2-dimethane sulphonate in the male rat." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328323.
Connell, Kathleen L. "An I/O algorithm and a test algorithm for a reconfigurable cellular array." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90927.
M.S.
Villani, Patrick. "Protocole d'étude des propriétés antimutagéniques de substances naturelles : application du test des micronoyaux dans les lymphocytes humains en culture." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2000AIX20667.pdf.
Zhang, Tao. "Imagerie multi-résolution par tomographie aux rayons X : application à la tomographie locale en science des matériaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876871.
Cocco, Barbara. "Animal test alternatives in metal toxicology research. A study by "in vitro" cellular systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3850.
- HaCat
a) Determinación de la toxicidad inducida por compuestos de platino ((NH4)2PtCl6, PtCl2, y PtCl4) mediante la medida de la eficiencia en la formación de colonias (CFE). PtCl2 y (NH4)2PtCl6 mostraron un efecto citotóxico mayor que PtCl4 y (NH4)2PtCl4. Las respuestas citotóxicas de los compuestos de platino resultaron dependientes del tiempo de exposición y de la forma química del elemento.
b) Estudio del efecto citotóxico inducido por 51 metales a una concentración fija de 100 mM durante 72 horas. Este ensayo permitió clasificar las especies de metales en tres grupos según el grado de la respuesta citotóxica obtenida.
- PC12
Estudio del efecto citotóxico inducido por 24 metales a una concentración fija de 100 mM durante 24 y 72 horas de exposición y utilizando el MTT como ensayo de citotoxicidad. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en células cultivadas en ausencia o presencia de tetraciclina, en modo de favorecer (Tet-on) o impedir (Tet-off) la expresion de la p53. Los metales que afectaron la viabilidad celular fueron Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Pt, Se, y Te.
- ES D3
Estudio del efecto inducido por metilmercurio en la frecuencia de latido de las células ES. La citotoxicidad del compuesto metálico se evaluó durante la primera fase de diferenciación.
- BALB/3T3
Estudio del potencial citotóxico y carcinogénico de especies orgánicas e inorgánicas de arsénico. A diferencia de NaAsO2 y Na2HAsO4, las formas orgánicas, arsenobetaina y arsenocolina, no produjeron efectos citotóxicos en las células. Sólo las especies inorgánicas de As dieron resultados positivos en el ensayo morfológico de transformación celular. Estos resultados confirman, por una parte, que los compuestos inórganicos de As son biológicamente más activos que los orgánicos y, por otra, la importancia fundamental de la especiación en la respuesta toxicológica.
The present research concerns the use of in vitro toxicity testing methods for studying the cytotoxic effects of metal compounds induced in four different cell lines such as HaCaT, PC12, ES D3 and BALB/3T3 as models of dermal toxicity, neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of xenobiotics. The following studies have been carried out:
- HaCaT
a) Determination of cytoxicity of Pt compounds ((NH4)2PtCl4, (NH4)2PtCl6, PtCl2 and PtCl4) as measured by Colony Forming Efficiency (CFE). PtCl2 and (NH4)2PtCl6 were more cytotoxic compared to PtCl4 and (NH4)2PtCl4. The cytotoxic responses of the four platimun species was dependent of the time of exposure and on the chemical form of the element.
b) Screening test of the cytotoxic induced by 100 mM of 51 metal compounds at 72h post-exposure. This allowed a classification of the metal species tested as 3 groups according to the severity of the degree of their cytotoxic response.
- PC12
Screening test on the cytotoxic response in relation to the exposure to 100 mM of 24 metal compounds for 24h and 72h as determined by MMT test. The study has been carried out on cells that were grown in absence or presence of tetracycline, a technique that makes (Tet-on) or not (Tet-off) possible the expression p53 gene.
Metal compounds which affect cell viability are Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Pt, Se and Te.
- ES D3
Effect of methyl mercury on the beating of ES cells, Cytotoxic effect of the metal compound was observed during the first step of differentiation.
- BALB/3T3
Inorganic and organoarsenic species have been studied for their cytotoxic and carcinogenic potential. Unlike NaAsO2 and Na2HAsO4 the organoarsenic forms arsenobetaine and arsenocholine failed to induce any significant cytotoxic effect in the cells, the inorganic As species (but not the organic ones) giving positive results in the morphological neoplastic transformation assay. These findings confirm that inorganic As compounds are biologically more active compared to organoarsenic species, and the great importance of the speciation as fundamental factor in determining the toxicological response.
Bingham, Jesse David. "Genetic evolution of nonlinear cellular automata for built-in self-test of combinational circuits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58526.pdf.
Raviraj, Tejas. "Design, Implementation, and Test of Next Generation FPGAs Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Technology." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302291185.
Cerrato, Giulia. "Oleate : An Atypical Cellular Stress Inducer That Stalls Protein Secretion Oleate-Induced Aggregation of LC3 at the Trans-Golgi Network Is Linked to a Protein Trafficking Blockade A Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screen Disentangles the Golgi Tropism of LC3 Live Cell Imaging of LC3 Dynamics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL023.
Distinct classes of fatty acids (FAs) (saturated or cis-/trans-unsaturated carbon chains) impact on cellular and organismal physiology in a different manner. Interestingly, these diverse categories have a profound (but different) effect on autophagy, the conserved intracellular degradation mechanism that maintains energy homeostasis and protects cells against stress. Oleate, the most abundant endogenous and dietary cis-unsaturated FA, has the atypical property to induce the redistribution of the LC3 protein (peculiar sign of autophagy) in a non-canonical fashion and preferentially to the Golgi apparatus. Intrigued by these observations, which might be related to the health-improving effects of cis-unsaturated FAs (and the notorious toxicity of trans-unsaturated and saturated FAs), we decided to explore the mechanisms causing the oleate-induced relocation of LC3 to the Golgi apparatus. To achieve this goal, a robotized RNA interference genome-wide screen led to the identification of multiple genes involved in the Golgi-related protein transport, as well as in the integrated stress response. Follow-up experiments revealed that oleate affected the subcellular morphology of the Golgi apparatus, correlating with a blockade of conventional (Golgi-dependent) protein secretion that caused secretory cargo to be stalled at the level of the trans-Golgi network. The inhibition of protein secretion was observed using several experimental systems, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a systematic screen searching for other chemical entities that mimic the oleate-induced cellular effects led to the identification of several compounds belonging to rather different pharmacological classes. These “oleate mimetics” also shared with oleate the capacity to block conventional protein secretion, supporting the notion that this pathway of Golgi perturbation is indeed of pharmacological relevance. In conclusion, this research work shows that oleate represents a class of molecules that act on the Golgi apparatus to cause the recruitment of LC3 and to stall protein secretion
Villemin, Clélia. "Evaluation du potentiel sensibilisant de protéines alimentaires : sélection et caractérisation de tests cellulaires." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1030.
Food allergies are a major public health problem. Before placing a novel food on the market, its allergenic potential must be assessed. Currently, there is no test available to assess the sensitizing potential of new food proteins or functionalized food proteins. We have selected and characterized a cellular model allowing the study of the influence of dietary reference proteins on the phenotype and the characteristics of sensitization key players, dendritic cells. We observe an expression modulation of membrane and soluble markers of these cells following exposure to the reference proteins. The expression analysis of these markers allowed us to differentiate our proteins with low allergenic potentials from those with high allergenic potentials. We also observed that the modification of the sensitizing potential of gliadins, major wheat allergens, after acid or enzymatic hydrolysis is associated with a modification of their interaction with dendritic cells. Our results demonstrate the importance of the intrinsic properties of proteins for their interaction with immune cells and for the induction of an immune response. This study also shows that our cell model could be a relevant model for the study of the allergenic potential of dietary proteins, or could be used in a strategy to evaluate the allergenic potential
Zeroual, Fatima-Zohra. "Evaluation de l'écotoxicité et de l'impact cellulaire de contaminants minéraux ou organiques sur un microcosme aquatique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES034.
Yan, Hoi-ning Helen. "Cross-talk between cell junctions and their regulation in the testis a new model for male contraception /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557601.
Yan, Hoi-ning Helen, and 甄凱寧. "Cross-talk between cell junctions and their regulation in the testis: a new model for male contraception." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557601.
Münker, Christian. "Spectral PLL Built-In Self-Test for integrated cellular transmitters = Spektraler PLL-Selbsttest für integrierte Mobilfunktransmitter." Tönning [u.a.] Der Andere Verlag, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1002186757/34.
Balijepalli, Heman. "Design, Implementation, and Test of Novel Quantum-dot Cellular Automata FPGAs for the beyond CMOS Era." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333730938.
Silva, Paulo Sérgio Germano da. "Teste de parâmetros da busca evolutiva por autômatos celulares no problema da paridade, com ênfase nos métodos de avaliação das regras." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1479.
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Problem solving through computation based on cellular automata rules remains a challenging subject, the scarcity of knowledge in the area. Among several problems reported in the literature, the parity problem has generated significant interest, its aim being to ascertain the parity of a quantity of 1s in a binary string, input as an initial configuration to a binary, one-dimensional, cellular automaton. Although a classic problem, no rule able to solve this problem has been found to date. Indeed, it remains uncertain as to whether such a solution exists. In this context, this work presents the results of evolutionary searches for sound rules of one-dimensional, cellular automata of radius 3, in the parity problem. The main focus of the research was to verify the effect of varying the strategies used to generate initial test configuration samples, which implied different ways of evaluating the candidate rules. Such an approach extends the work in [Oliveira e Vaiano, 2005] in the direction of better understanding as well as trying to reproduce some of the results in [Wolz e de Oliveira, 2007], where rules with excellent performance at odd-sised lattices were reported, as well as rules with good performance at even-sised lengths, even though the latter showed lack of robustness. In spite of testing a range of approaches, none led to good rules for the problem, leading to the conclusion that the excellent results obtained in [Wolz e de Oliveira, 2007] were due to the other concepts used therein, distinct from those evaluated in the present study.
A obtenção de soluções de problemas através da computação implícita a regras de autômatos celulares permanece um assunto desafiador, pelo pouco que ainda se conhece a respeito. Entre vários problemas abordados na literatura, um que tem despertado interesse é o problema da paridade, em que a meta é determinar a paridade da quantidade de 1s de uma cadeia binária fornecida como configuração inicial a um autômato celular unidimensional binário. Apesar de clássico, ainda não se tem registro de uma regra capaz de resolver o problema e, de fato, nem se sabe se essa solução existe. Nesse contexto, apresentam-se aqui os resultados experimentais de buscas evolutivas realizadas para encontrar boas regras de autômatos celulares unidimensionais binários de raio 3, no problema da paridade. O foco principal da pesquisa foi verificar o efeito de se variar as estratégias de geração das amostras de configurações iniciais de teste, o que se traduz em diferentes formas de avaliação das regras candidatas. Tal enfoque expande os trabalhos de [de Oliveira e Vaiano, 2005], caminhando na direção de melhor compreender e reproduzir alguns dos resultados obtidos em [Wolz e de Oliveira, 2007], em que regras de excelente desempenho foram achadas para reticulados de comprimento ímpar, bem como regras de bom desempenho, apesar de não robustas, para alguns comprimentos pares de reticulados. A despeito das várias abordagens testadas, nenhuma delas conduziu a boas regras no problema em questão, fazendo crer que a qualidade conseguida em [Wolz e de Oliveira, 2007] deve-se, portanto, aos outros conceitos lá empregados, distintos dos aqui avaliados.
Réveilleau, Valérie. "Tests de mutagénèse et de cytotoxicité applicables à l'eau." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P056.
Nalet-Lande, Véronique. "Cellules formant les autorosettes chez l'homme : caractérisation phénotypique, spécificité et rôle fonctionnel in vitro." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077138.
Durif, Sébastien. "Comportement mécanique des poutres cellulaires à ouvertures sinusoïdales : développement d'un modèle anlytique adapté." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872126.
Pereira, Paulo Vitor Soeiro. "BAY 41-2272: um imunomodulador com potencial para o controle de infecções." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-24112008-110813/.
Phagocyte activation is critical role for host defense against several pathogens, so that studies developing alternatives for activating these cell are very important. We investigated the effects of BAY 41-2272 on phagocytes activation. For this purpose we evaluated several aspects indicating cellular activation, as phagocytosis, superoxide release and microbicidal activity. We used PBMC, neutrophils and THP-1 cell lineage cultured or not with BAY 41-2272 (1mM and 3mM) for 1h or 48h at 37°C. Superoxide release was tested by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay; phagocytosis was evaluated through co-culture with zymosan particles and counting of ingested particles; and microbicidal activity was measured through co-incubation with enteropathogenic E. coli followed by counting of CFU from recovered bacteria from phagocytes. We analyzed the IL-12, IFN-g and TNF-a cytokine production and gp91phox gene expression. All cell types showed a response to treatments. PBMC, PMN and THP-1 treated with BAY 41-2272 produced significantly more superoxide (about 50% more), and presented significantly more phagocytic (about 54% more), microbicidal (about twice) activity than control group and production more TNF-a than control group. The expression of CYBB gene was more expressed on treated cells than control. BAY 41-2272, especially at 3mM, showed a great potential in activation of phagocytes in several aspects. This potential should be investigated at the light of new therapies seeking infection control, mainly in immunodeficiency.
Lehucher-Michel, Marie-Pascale. "Application du test de numeration des micronoyaux aux cellules urotheliales exfoliees." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22016.
Legrand, Claire. "Méthodes d'étude de la tolérance oculaire "in vivo" et "in vitro"." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P079.
Kim, Sung Min. "Glycosylation Properties Associated with Development and Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Mammalian Testis." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/179363.
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17793号
農博第2014号
新制||農||1016(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4784(農学部図書室)
30600
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 今井 裕, 教授 久米 新一, 教授 松井 徹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Sol, Jean-Christophe. "Xénogreffe intrathécale de cellules chromaffines porcines dans le traitement de la douleur subaigue chez le rat : validation du concept et perspectives." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30107.
Tanguy, Sébastien. "Test et testabilité des FPGA hiérarchiques à base de cellules mémoires SRAM." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20050.
Kern, Stephan. "The immunobiology of the rat testicular macrophage /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk393.pdf.
Hymery, Nolwenn. "Evaluation in vitro des effets toxiques de contaminants alimentaires sur les cellules dendritiques." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2006.
The trichothecenes, mycotoxins produced by various species of moulds, are at the origin of serious food poisonings which touch as well the livestock as the man. The human food poisonings due to the mycotoxins are in general accidental. The diseases described following intoxications with trichothecenes are mainly Aleucie Toxique Food (ATA) met in the countries of Eastern Europe and the countries in the process of development, Stachybotryotoxicose, met in Western Europe and North America, and “Akakabio disease” met in the South-East Asia. The origin of its disorders is hematologic. Indeed, the trichothecenes are known for their hematoxicity but also for their immunotoxicity. A cell establishes the link between these two toxicities: the dendritic cell. The immunizing cells are produced by cells stocks, within osseous marrow. Among these cells, the dendritic cell seems the initiating cell of the immunizing answer primary, able to stimulate the proliferation of the lymphocytes T naive. Taking into account the immunotoxicity of the mycotoxins, primarily on the lymphocytes T, it seemed relevant to study the effects of these molecules on the dendritic cells. To make this study, it proved to be necessary to choose a relevant cellular model and to optimize this model to adapt to the study of the adverse effects of contaminants of the food. The model using the CD34+ involves the majority formation of cells of Langerhans (dentritic cells of the skin). These last are implied in the cutaneous reactions, without interest for the study of the effects of food contaminants. This is why the choice was made on dendritic cultures of cells deriving from monocytes, rather than of cells CD34+. The aim of this work is to develop a human model using the dendritic cells generated in vitro from monocytes. This model allowing to study the effects of xenobiotic on maturation of the dendritic cells. This work shows the importance of the studies carried out in vitro on the human dendritic cells in the comprehension of the immunotoxic effects of food contaminants. It appears relevant to propose that these studies are carried out very upstream during the exploration of a immunotoxic effect
Petit, Sylvain. "Recherche de nouveaux antibactériens ciblant la peptide déformylase : synthèse et tests d'activité in vitro et in cellulo." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S013.
The increase of bacterial resistance to all the antibiotics has induced exploration of new biological targets such as Peptide Deformylase (PDF). This enzyme involved in the maturation of proteins is essential to bacterial growth. The PDF inhibitor, 5-bromo-lH-indolyl-3-acetohydroxamic acid, selected by an NMR screening, is more efficient against PDF2 than PDF1B, and revealed antibacterial activitiy against B. Subtilis Gram(+) but none against E. Coli Gram(-). This "lead" molecule contained, a hydroxamic acid as metal chelating group, and a 5-bromo-indole fitting the hydrophobic pocket which is responsible for the selectivity toward PDF2. This study is the first complete structure/activity relationship related to a heterocyclic family of inhibitors by: i) changing nature and location of substituents on the indole ring; ii) introducing functional groups on the nitrogen. Position 1 and 3 of the indole, and introduction of the hydroxamic function have been optimized. Several compounds derived from the "lead" compound were synthesized and their inhibitory potency as well as their antibacterial activity were evaluated toward different types of PDF and strains including pathogenes. The more lipophilie is the compound, the higher is the affinity for the enzyme. The 7V-benzylated derivative shows an IC5o of 8 nM toward PDF2 and a MIC between 1 and 2 mg/L against B. Subtilis. The lack of activity against E. Coli strain might be explained either by hydrolysis of the hydroxamic acid, or both by the low permeability and by the efflux of the inhibitor limiting the uptake by the cells
Gorge, Vanessa. "Caractérisations de matériaux et tests de composants des cellules solaires à base des nitrures des éléments III-V." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707717.
Lalanne, Cécile. "Synthèse et mise en forme de nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour piles ITSOFC : réalisation et tests de cellules." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00092666.
Droguerre, Marine. "Thérapie cellulaire de la maladie de Parkinson : transplantation intranigrale vs intrastriatale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2320/document.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), leading to a loss of dopamine in the striatum. One of the experimental therapeutic approaches in PD is the graft of DA neurons not in their ontogenic site, the SN, but directly into the target region, the striatum and those leads to variable results. In this study, we have analyzed in detail the functional outcome of fetal VM tissue expressing GFP under the control of a tyrosine hydroxylase promoter grafts placed either into the SN or striatum in unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned adult mice. Anatomical and functional outcome were analyzed using behavioral, electrophysiological and immunohistochemical approaches. Our results show that transplanted neurons in both locations can survive and re-innervate the striatum. Furthermore, both grafts locations significantly restored motor performance and induced the recovery of striatal firing properties. However, only intranigral transplantation allows recovery of fine motor skills of previous members and efficiently normalized cortico-striatal responses
Andolfatto, Françoise. "Electrolyse de l'eau à membrane : étude des électrodes et d'une cellule de test." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0050.
Meunier, Anne. "Évaluation in vitro de la thérapie sonodynamique sur cellules cancéreuses : automatisation d'un banc de tests, métrologie et dosimétrie associées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL065N.
Coulibaly, Arona. "Approche du confort thermique dans l'habitat social en milieu tropical : simulation numérique d'une cellule d'habitation, validation du modèle sur cellule-test." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120062.
Ujjan, Safdar Ali. "Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signalling and male germ cell : differentiation in the mouse embryonic testis." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20099.
The sex determination and subsequent germ cell differentiation is highly ordered process that starts at embryonic stage and completes at adult life. In the embryonic gonads Sry expression followed by Sox9 expression initiates testis development while in the absence of Sry expression, genes associated to female fate initiate ovary development. The germ cells that migrated towards newly formed gonads continue extensive proliferation until they commit to the male or female pathway. The fate decision of germ cells as male or female does not depend only on germ cell chromosomal sex but also on gonadal micro-environment. If germ cells enter into female gonad, they have to stop proliferation, pass through mitotic arrest and enter into meiosis; then arrest into prophase I. While if germ cells enter into male gonad, they have to stop proliferation and enter into mitotic arrest. Here we show that during embryonic sex determination, Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) produced by each of the two enzymes: L-Pgds and H-Pgds in somatic cells and germ cells of testis participates in male germ cell differentiation program. PGD2 signalling supports mitotic arrest by activating the expression and nuclear localization of cell cycle inhibitor P21cip1 and by repressing pluripotency markers and PGD2 has negative effects on Stra8 expression. In addition PGD2 supports activation of male specific gene Nanos2. Hence these data suggest that PGD2 signalling through DP2 receptor is required for proper male germ cell differentiation
Santos, Vanessa da Silva. "Modelagem da geração e distribuição de viagens para escolas utilizando cellular automata e avaliação multicritério." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-28112005-172025/.
In conditions of extreme restrictions of resources for construction and maintainance of public facilities, the correct demand alocation is essential not only for the decision-making process, which involves their implementation and rational use, but also for reaching a significant share of the demand with a reasonable level of service and within the budget limits. That was the starting point for the definition of the objectives of this work, which are to model the population dynamics in a medium-sized city by using a cellular automata approach and multicriteria evaluation techniques and to simulate trip distribution patterns to a particular public facility, the EMEIs, i.e., schools for children between 4 and 6 years-old. The study starts with an application of two urban dynamics models in the city of São Carlos: a cellular automata model and a demographic model based on linear regression. A scenario of the year 2010 was built based on 1980, 1991, and 2000 census data. The cellular automata model was constructed in three fases: quantification of sprawl (definition of the total area added to the existing urban area), location of sprawl (alocation of areas of expansion), and differentiation of sprawl (definition of the population density in each cell of the new urban area). The model captured reasonably well the urban dynamics process in both location and differentiation of sprawl. The demand for EMEIs was then defined through the definition of a mathematical relationship between the total population and the target population. The population density predicted by the demographic model was calculated through a linear trend applied to historical data. It was significant in this case the occurrence of estimated values higher than the actual values mainly due to the restrictions of the urban area to its previous boundaries. The demand for EMEIs was also obtained using a linear trend, this time using specific data of the target population. Scenarios of trip distribution in the years 2000 and 2010 were created after the demand was modeled. The predictions of the models were very different, and the total demand estimation of the cellular automata model was higher than that obtained with the demographic model. When adjusting the demand to the existing supply in the year 2000, the trip distribution results were quite similar, although resulting in extremely different service rates. However, in a very likely scenario of supply growth, either through new or existing schools, the impacts on transportation would be better identified in the case of CA models, not only because they have produced higher demand estimates, but also because they have considered the inclusion of new areas into the modeled space
Huppert, Cécile. "Développement d’un modèle de coculture cellules dendritiques lymphocytes T pour l’évaluation du danger des substances sensibilisantes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0195/document.
Allergies constitute an important issue in the field of occupational health and have a serious impact on the lives of workers. Occupational allergies are mainly contact and respiratory allergies and can be caused by low molecular weight chemicals. In the past, the tests that were used to identify the potential allergens were carried out on animals. However, European legislation has provided the impetus for reducing the use of animal testing to assess the sensitization potential of chemicals and promoted the development of alternative in vitro tests. In this context, we aimed to develop cell culture models to identify sensitizers. A first model using bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from BALB/c mice was developed and showed promising results for identifying sensitizers and classify them according to their allergenic potency. Moreover, the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway seems to be involved in the response of this cell model to sensitizers. In order to supplement this model and to assess the functionality of BMDC, a BMDC-T cell (TC) coculture model was developed with a reference sensitizer before being tested on a range of reference sensitizers (cutaneous and respiratory sensitizers, irritants and non-sensitizers). The BMDC of our model, while exposed to sensitizers, were able to activate TC in coculture. Finally, preliminary tests using the cells of C57BL6/J mice in our coculture model showed that similar results to those obtained with cells from the BALB/c strain. The models of BMDC cultures and BMDC-TC coculture are promising for the development of alternative methods to animal experimentation assessing the sensitizing potential of chemicals
Mascolo, Daniela. "Quantificazione dell'invasività cellulare mediante imaging in microscopia a contrasto di fase." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Filho, Gilberto Moreira Piassa. "Avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos T CD8+ por células dendríticas desafiadas com pró-oxidantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-03012011-093518/.
To be presented in dendritic cells MHC I, antigens are processed by immunoproteasome. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of pro-oxidants in dendritic cell-induced T CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation with focus on ubiquitin-proteasome system. The co-culture of DC incubated with Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase system and T CD8+ isolated from mice immunized with DNA-HSP65 promoted T CD8+ proliferation. XaXO incubation was more efficient in promoting DC maturation compared to LPS. In addition, XaXO incubation decreased IP catalytic activity in relation to LPS, suggesting that increased T CD8+ proliferation is not directly related to IP activity. XaXO incubation did not alter the expression of 20S catalytic subunit, 19S regulatory unit or ⓹i subunit. XaXO incubation increased 11S regulatory unit content as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins. We suggest that the DC incubation with XaXO increased 11S content favoring its coupling to 20S in detriment of 19S. This would increase ubiquitinated protein levels and direct more peptide fragments for antigen presentation.
Li, Bo. "Conception et test de cellules de gestion d'énergie à commande numérique en technologies CMOS avancées." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782429.