Статті в журналах: "Cellulose nano fibres"

1

Panthapulakkal, S., and M. Sain. "Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril Films from Wood Fibre and Their Thermoplastic Polycarbonate Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/381342.

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The aim of this study was to develop cellulose-nanofibril-film-reinforced polycarbonate composites by compression molding. Nano fibres were prepared from wood pulp fibres by mechanical defibrillation, and diameter distribution of the fibres produced was in the range of 1–100 nm. Nanofibre films were prepared from the nanofibre suspensions and were characterized in terms of strength properties, crystallinity, and thermal properties. Strength and modulus of the nano fibre films prepared were 240 MPa and 11 GPa, respectively. Thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the suitability of processing fibre sheets at high temperature. Tensile properties of the films subjected to composite-processing conditions demonstrated the thermal stability of the fibre films during the compression molding process. Nanocomposites of different fibre loads were prepared by press-molding nano fibre sheets with different thickness in between polycarbonate sheet at 205°C under pressure. The tensile modulus and strength of the polycarbonate increased with the incorporation of the fibres. The strength of the thermoplastic increased 24% with 10% of the fibres and is increased up to 30% with 18% of the fibres. Tensile modulus of the polycarbonate demonstrated significant enhancement (about 100%).

2

Janardhnan, Sreekumar, and Mohini Sain. "Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers: Effect of Biotreatment on Hydrogen Bonding Network in Wood Fibers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/279610.

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The use of cellulose nanofibres as high-strength reinforcement in nano-biocomposites is very enthusiastically being explored due to their biodegradability, renewability, and high specific strength properties. Cellulose, through a regular network of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is organized into perfect stereoregular configuration called microfibrils which further aggregate to different levels to form the fibre. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding at various levels, especially at the elementary level, is the major binding force that one need to overcome to reverse engineer these fibres into their microfibrillar level. This paper briefly describes a novel enzymatic fibre pretreatment developed to facilitate the isolation of cellulose microfibrils and explores effectiveness of biotreatment on the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the fiber. Bleached Kraft Softwood Pulp was treated with a fungus (OS1) isolated from elm tree infected with Dutch elm disease. Cellulose microfibrils were isolated from these treated fibers by high-shear refining. The % yield of nanofibres and their diameter distribution (<50 nm) isolated from the bio-treated fibers indicated a substantial increase compared to those isolated from untreated fibers. FT-IR spectral analysis indicated a reduction in the density of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the fiber. X-ray spectrometry indicated a reduction in the crystallinity. Hydrogen bond-specific enzyme and its application in the isolation of new generation cellulose nano-fibers can be a huge leap forward in the field of nano-biocomposites.

3

Osong, Sinke H., Sven Norgren, Per Engstrand, Mathias Lundberg, and Peter Hansen. "Crill: A novel technique to characterize nano-ligno-cellulose." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p190-194.

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Abstract The CrillEye is a technique for qualitatively assessing loose slender and fibrillar particles created during pulping. It has also been demonstrated that the crill measurement technique can easily be used to measure the degree of fibrillation of mechanical pulp based nano-ligno-cellulose (NLC). The measurement technique is based on an optical response of a suspension at two wavelengths of light; UV and IR. The UV light contains information on both fibres and crill, while IR only contains information on fibres. The resolution on the CrillEye module is based on optical response of the pulp and on an analogue signal analysis making it concentration independent. Characterization of particlesize distribution of nano-ligno-cellulose is both important and challenging. The objective of the work presented in this paper was to study the crill values of TMP and CTMP based nano-ligno-celluloses as a function of homogenization time. Results showed that the crill value of both TMP-NLC and CTMP-NLC correlated fairly well with the homogenization time.

4

Abdullah, ABM, Maruf Abony, MT Islam, MS Hasan, MAK Oyon, and Md Bokhtiar Rahman. "Extraction and Proximate Study of Sansevieria Trifasciata L. As Fibre Source for Textile and Other Uses." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 46, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v46i2.54411.

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Natural fibres are getting importance for their sustainable development in their uses in mitigation of climate change and ecological balance. A fibre extraction retting method is formulated and proximate chemical composition and various physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, diameter along with fibre, cellulose, lignin and ash content were determined. This preliminary observation indicates its potential to be used as a source of fibre for textile and non-textile uses such as woven, nonwoven, composite, blanded and a good source of α-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, nano-cellulose and lignin-based products. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(2): 155-162, December 2020

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Mamat Razali, Nur Amira, Wan Mohd Hanif Wan Ya'acob, Rusaini Athirah Ahmad Rusdi, and Fauziah Abdul Aziz. "Extraction of Rice Straw Alpha Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibres." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.244.

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Rice straw cellulose a biomass materials, naturally found in abundance. It is low cost, eco-friendly and biodegradable. Alpha cellulose is prepared from rice straw using chemical method namely acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment. Both of the samples treatments were bleached using sodium chlorite (NaClO2). Alkaline treatment shows higher in producing alpha cellulose, 20.68% rather than 12.20% by acid hydrolysis.

6

Varaprasad, Kokkarachedu, Gownolla Malegowd Raghavendra, Tippabattini Jayaramudu, and Jongchul Seo. "Nano zinc oxide–sodium alginate antibacterial cellulose fibres." Carbohydrate Polymers 135 (January 2016): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.078.

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7

Gaduan, Andre N., Laleh Solhi, Eero Kontturi, and Koon-Yang Lee. "From micro to nano: polypropylene composites reinforced with TEMPO-oxidised cellulose of different fibre widths." Cellulose 28, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 2947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03635-3.

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AbstractTEMPO-oxidised cellulose fibres are often explored as nano-reinforcement for polymers. However, it is unclear whether micrometre-sized TEMPO-oxidised cellulose fibres also possess similar reinforcing potential. In this work, we report the mechanical response of polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with TEMPO-oxidised cellulose (TOC) of different fibre widths. Micrometre-sized TOC fibres (TOCF) containing sodium carboxylate (TOCF-Na) and free hydroxyl (TOCF-H) groups, as well as nano-sized TOC nanofibrils (TOCN) were produced from dissolving pulp and incorporated into PP matrix via melt-extrusion. It was found that model PP composites containing micrometre-sized TOCF-Na and TOCF-H possessed the highest tensile modulus of up to 2.5 GPa; 40% improvement over neat PP and 30% increase over PP/TOCN composite. No significant differences in the tensile strength of PP/TOCF-Na and PP/TOCF-H composites were observed when compared to neat PP. The incorporation of nano-sized TOCN into PP however, led to a 6% decrease in tensile strength. Single-edge notched beam fracture toughness test further showed that PP/TOCN composite possessed the lowest fracture toughness of 2.52 MPa m1/2; a decrease of 18% over PP reinforced with micrometre-sized TOCF-Na and TOCF-H. Our study shows that micrometre-sized TOCFs serve as better reinforcement for polymers compared to nano-sized TOCN. This is attributed to the better dispersion of TOCF in the PP matrix. Furthermore, the presence of surface microfibrillation on TOCFs also enhanced the quality of the TOCF-PP interface through mechanical interlocking and local stiffening of the PP matrix.

8

Borges, João P., and M. H. Godinho. "Cellulose-Based Anisotropic Composites." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.604.

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In an attempt to improve the mechanical properties of an all-cellulose based composite we made solid flexible films containing microcrystalline cellulose fibres produced by a shearing casting technique. To an anisotropic (liquid crystalline) solution of 2-hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) in N,N – dimethylacetamide (60 w/w %) were added AVICEL fibres (0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 w/wHPC %). After homogenization these solutions were poured into a Teflon plate and sheared at a constant rate of 5 mm/s. The cellulosic microfibres in the liquid crystalline polymer medium were partially aligned by shear flow. Mechanical and morphological properties of the films were investigated using tensile tests, polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of these films, as expected, are higher than those of the films produced from an isotropic solution of HPC. The results show that the orientation of the microfibres, and the mesoscopic properties, can be tuned by adjusting the topography of the nematic matrix in the micro-nano scale.

9

Ahmed, Jubair, Merve Gultekinoglu, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Bacterial cellulose micro-nano fibres for wound healing applications." Biotechnology Advances 41 (July 2020): 107549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107549.

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10

Kukle, Silvija, Jānis Grāvītis, Anna Putniņa, and Anete Stikute. "The Effect of Steam Explosion Treatment on Technical Hemp Fibres." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.902.

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As hemp is a renewable resource with the high biomass yield it could be considered as potential abundant local biomass material for a wide range of applications. In this article hemp fibres architecture as a source of high strength cellulose are analysed. In experimental part steam explosion technology is applied to disintegrate technical hemp fibres to elementary fibres with the aim to find out the best way of procedure without usage to environment harmful chemical pre-treatments and looking forward to solve problems on further nano-level environment friendly hemp cellulose disintegration.

11

Wang, Shuhua, Runlin Niu, Husheng Jia, Liqiao Wei, Jinming Dai, Xuguang Liu, and Bingshe Xu. "Preparation of cellulose fibres with antibacterial Ag-loading nano-SiO2." Bulletin of Materials Science 34, no. 4 (July 2011): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0173-6.

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12

Shakya, Subarna. "Automated Nanopackaging using Cellulose Fibers Composition with Feasibility in SEM Environment." June 2021 3, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.2.004.

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By contributing to the system enhancement, the integration of Nano systems for nanosensors with biomaterials proves to be a unique element in the development of novel innovative systems. The techniques by which manipulation, handling, and preparation of the device are accomplished with respect to industrial use are a critical component that must be considered before the system is developed. The approach must be able to be used in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), resistant to environmental changes, and designed to be automated. Based on this deduction, the main objective of this research work is to develop a novel design of Nano electronic parts, which address the issue of packaging at a nanoscale. The proposed research work has used wood fibres and DNA as the bio material to develop nanoscale packaging. The use of a certain atomic force microscope (ATM) for handling DNA in dry circumstances is demonstrated with SCM wood fibrils/fibers manipulation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Keywords: Nano electronics, bioelectronics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), packaging, atomic force microscope (ATM)

13

Kinloch, A. J., A. C. Taylor, M. Techapaitoon, W. S. Teo, and S. Sprenger. "From matrix nano- and micro-phase tougheners to composite macro-properties." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2071 (July 13, 2016): 20150275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0275.

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In this paper, firstly, the morphology and toughness of a range of bulk epoxy polymers, which incorporate a second phase of well-dispersed silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles, have been determined. Secondly, the macro-properties of natural-fibre reinforced-plastic (NFRP) composites based upon these epoxy polymers have been ascertained, using (i) unidirectional flax fibres or (ii) regenerated-cellulose fibres in the architecture of a plain-woven fabric. Thirdly, the toughening mechanisms which are induced in these materials by the presence of the silica nanoparticles, the rubber microparticles and the natural fibres have been identified. Finally, the values of the toughness of the bulk epoxy polymers and corresponding NFRPs have been quantitatively modelled. The increased toughness recorded for the bulk epoxy polymer due to the presence of the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles was indeed typically transferred to the NFRP composites when using such epoxies as the matrices for the fibres. Thus, the important role that may be played by modifications to the epoxy matrices in order to increase the toughness of the composites was very clearly demonstrated by these results. However, notwithstanding, the toughening mechanisms induced by the fibres were essentially responsible for the very high toughnesses of the NFRP composites, compared with the bulk epoxy polymers. The modelling studies successfully predicted the values of toughness of the bulk epoxy polymers and of the NFRP composites. These studies also quantified the extent to which each toughening mechanism, induced by the second-phase nano- and microparticles and the natural fibres, contributed to the overall values of toughness of the materials. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.

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Rizal, Samsul, Abdul Khalil H. P. S., Adeleke A. Oyekanmi, Olaiya N. Gideon, Che K. Abdullah, Esam B. Yahya, Tata Alfatah, Fatimah A. Sabaruddin, and Azhar A. Rahman. "Cotton Wastes Functionalized Biomaterials from Micro to Nano: A Cleaner Approach for a Sustainable Environmental Application." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071006.

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The exponential increase in textile cotton wastes generation and the ineffective processing mechanism to mitigate its environmental impact by developing functional materials with unique properties for geotechnical applications, wastewater, packaging, and biomedical engineering have become emerging global concerns among researchers. A comprehensive study of a processed cotton fibres isolation technique and their applications are highlighted in this review. Surface modification of cotton wastes fibre increases the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals removal from wastewater. Cotton wastes fibres have demonstrated high adsorption capacity for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater. Cotton wastes fibres have found remarkable application in slope amendments, reinforcement of expansive soils and building materials, and a proven source for isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Several research work on the use of cotton waste for functional application rather than disposal has been done. However, no review study has discussed the potentials of cotton wastes from source (Micro-Nano) to application. This review critically analyses novel isolation techniques of CNC from cotton wastes with an in-depth study of a parameter variation effect on their yield. Different pretreatment techniques and efficiency were discussed. From the analysis, chemical pretreatment is considered the most efficient extraction of CNCs from cotton wastes. The pretreatment strategies can suffer variation in process conditions, resulting in distortion in the extracted cellulose’s crystallinity. Acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid is the most used extraction process for cotton wastes-based CNC. A combined pretreatment process, such as sonication and hydrolysis, increases the crystallinity of cotton-based CNCs. The improvement of the reinforced matrix interface of textile fibres is required for improved packaging and biomedical applications for the sustainability of cotton-based CNCs.

15

Baba Ali, Jamila, Abdullahi Danladi, Musa Muhammad Bukhari, Zurina Binti Mohamad, Abubakar Bunza Musa, and Jamilu Usman. "MOPHORLOGICAL AND THERMAL STUDIES OF ISOLATED SAMMAZ-14 MAIZE COBS NANO FIBRE." Science Proceedings Series 2, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v2i1.1328.

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The growing concerns about global warming and depleting petroleum reserves have made scientists/researchers focus more on the use of natural fibres such as Maize cob, bagasse, coir, sisal among others. About 180 kg of cobs are obtained from each ton of maize shelled which has little utilization or no utilization. This study utilizes maize cob from SAMMAZ-14 maize variety for the extraction of nano cellulose using Chemico-mechanical method. Alkaline hydrolysis was performed with 5% NaOH for 4hrs with MLR of 1:10. Ball milling was done for 5 hrs with BMR of 30:1. The extracted nanocellulose were characterized by thermal characterization (TG and DTG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Disperse X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which confirmed the extracted Maize cob nano fibres (MC-NF) were in nano scale ranging from 1-100 and 1-200nm in diameter and length respectively. Thermal analysis showed MC-NF has more thermal stability than untreated maize cob (MC-UT) whose degradation was initiated at lower temperature with higher charred formation. Morphological studies showed MC-NF has spindle like structures while the untreated maize cob (MC-UT) is plain due to high amorphous portion on the cellulosic structure.

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Oliaei, Erfan, Pär A. Lindén, Qiong Wu, Fredrik Berthold, Lars Berglund, and Tom Lindström. "Microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) and nanopaper films from unbleached kraft softwood pulp." Cellulose 27, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 2325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02934-8.

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Abstract Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is an important industrial nanocellulose product and material component. New MFC grades can widen the materials property range and improve product tailoring. Microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) is investigated, with the hypothesis that there is an optimum in lignin content of unbleached wood pulp fibre with respect to nanofibril yield. A series of kraft fibres with falling Kappa numbers (lower lignin content) was prepared. Fibres were beaten and fibrillated into MFLC by high-pressure microfluidization. Nano-sized fractions of fibrils were separated using centrifugation. Lignin content and carbohydrate analysis, total charge, FE-SEM, TEM microscopy and suspension rheology characterization were carried out. Fibres with Kappa number 65 (11% lignin) combined high lignin content with ease of fibrillation. This confirms an optimum in nanofibril yield as a function of lignin content, and mechanisms are discussed. MFLC from these fibres contained a 40–60 wt% fraction of nano-sized fibrils with widths in the range of 2.5–70 nm. Despite the large size distribution, data for modulus and tensile strength of MFLC films with 11% lignin were as high as 14 GPa and 240 MPa. MFLC films showed improved water contact angle of 84–88°, compared to neat MFC films (< 50°). All MFLC films showed substantial optical transmittance, and the fraction of haze scattering strongly correlated with defect content in the form of coarse fibrils. Graphic abstract

17

Osong, Sinke H., Sven Norgren, and Per Engstrand. "Paper strength improvement by inclusion of nano-lignocellulose to Chemi-thermomechanical pulp." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p309-316.

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Abstract So far, chemical pulp fibres have been utilized as conventional stock materials for nanocellulose production. The main aim of this work is to use stock materials from mechanical or chemi-thermomechanical pulping process to produce lignin containing nanofibres, which are referred to as nano-ligno-cellulose (NLC) in this study. The present study shows the influence on handsheets of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) fibres blended with NLC. For comparison reasons, nanocellulose (NC) from bleached kraft pulp (BKP) was produced in a similar approach as NLC. Both the NLC and the NC were blended with their respective pulp fibres and their corresponding handsheets properties were evaluated with respect to sheet density. It was found that the handsheets of pulp fibres blended with NLC/NC improved the mechanical properties of handsheets with only a slight effect in relation to the sheet density. Improvements in strength properties of handsheets such as z-strength, tensile index, tear index, burst index, Emodulus, strain at break, tensile stiffness, air resistance were observed.

18

Hajlane, Abdelghani, Hamid Kaddami, and Roberts Joffe. "Chemical modification of regenerated cellulose fibres by cellulose nano-crystals: Towards hierarchical structure for structural composites reinforcement." Industrial Crops and Products 100 (June 2017): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.006.

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19

Mandal, Sujata, Dominic Savio, S. J. Selvaraj, S. Natarajan, and Asit Baran Mandal. "Micro-Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide Nano-Particles Synthesized by Bio-Polymeric Templates." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.190.

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Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using natural bio-polymeric templates viz. cellulose and sodium alginate. Cellulose fibres from different sources viz. filter-and blot-papers, were used as templates for this purpose. The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infra-red spectra (FT-IR), UV-Visible spectrophotomer (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies. XRD studied confirmed the formation of highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO in all the synthesized nanoparticles. The average crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles obtained using different templates, were well below 50 nm. Characteristics of the zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained by template-based techniques were compared with those obtained by co-precipitation technique. Influence of various templates on the characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles was studied.

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Matos, Marina, Andreia F. Sousa, Nuno H. C. S. Silva, Carmen S. R. Freire, Márcia Andrade, Adélio Mendes, and Armando J. D. Silvestre. "Furanoate-Based Nanocomposites: A Case Study Using Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate) and Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate)-co-(Butylene Diglycolate) and Bacterial Cellulose." Polymers 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080810.

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Polyesters made from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have been in the spotlight due to their renewable origins, together with the promising thermal, mechanical, and/or barrier properties. Following the same trend, (nano)composite materials based on FDCA could also generate similar interest, especially because novel materials with enhanced or refined properties could be obtained. This paper presents a case study on the use of furanoate-based polyesters and bacterial cellulose to prepare nanocomposites, namely acetylated bacterial cellulose/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and acetylated bacterial cellulose/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-co-(butylene diglycolate)s. The balance between flexibility, prompted by the furanoate-diglycolate polymeric matrix; and the high strength prompted by the bacterial cellulose fibres, enabled the preparation of a wide range of new nanocomposite materials. The new nanocomposites had a glass transition between −25–46 °C and a melting temperature of 61–174 °C; and they were thermally stable up to 239–324 °C. Furthermore, these materials were highly reinforced materials with an enhanced Young’s modulus (up to 1239 MPa) compared to their neat copolyester counterparts. This was associated with both the reinforcing action of the cellulose fibres and the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites. In terms of elongation at break, the nanocomposites prepared from copolyesters with higher amounts of diglycolate moieties displayed higher elongations due to the soft nature of these segments.

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Hamad, Wadood Y., Norayr Gurnagul, and Deepaksh Gulati. "Analysis of fibre deformation processes in high-consistency refining based on Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction." Holzforschung 66, no. 6 (August 1, 2012): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0502.

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Abstract Raman microscopy has been used for the first time to predict the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres by monitoring the shift of the 1095 cm-1 Raman sensitive band under external loading. Strain sensitivity – the rate of change of Raman shift with respect to applied strain – provided a quantifiable measure of the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres. A methodology was developed to relate structure-property-process relations in high consistency refining (HCR) under atmospheric and pressurised conditions (AHRC and PHCR, respectively) based on powder X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy. The state of stress and interfibrillar deformation of the cellulosic microfibrils within the cell wall were examined rigorously. PHCR pulps have a propensity for larger crystallite size, as well as larger portions of crystalline and paracrystalline components, thereby resulting in a more stressed microfibrillar arrangement mesoscopically. The higher density of cellulose chain packing and stressing renders the microfibrils more resistant to applied strain (yielding lower strain sensitivity through the Raman measurement). At the macroscopic level, the changes in the nano- and microscale are translated into a higher degree of micro-compression, or larger concertina-like, large-scale deformations; this can be observed as a more elastic-plastic macroscopic behaviour. Examination of the resistance of fibre curl and/or kinks in PHCR pulps against applied stress, supported the hypothesis that PHCR induces more micro-compressions. This macroscopic change in PHCR pulp fibres is also manifest in better properties of hand-sheets, such as stretch and tensile energy absorption.

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Gane, Patrick, Katarina Dimić-Mišić, Nemanja Barać, Monireh Imani, Djordje Janaćković, Petar Uskoković, and Ernest Barceló. "Unveiling a Recycling-Sourced Mineral-Biocellulose Fibre Composite for Use in Combustion-Generated NOx Mitigation Forming Plant Nutrient: Meeting Sustainability Development Goals in the Circular Economy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113927.

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NOx is unavoidably emitted during combustion in air at high temperature and/or pressure, which, if exceeding recommended levels, has a negative impact on the population. The authors found that when moist, limestone (CaCO3) readily sorbs NO2 to form calcium nitrate, which provides the basis for developing a surface flow filter. The substrate was made from “over-recycled” cellulose fibres such as newsprint, magazines, or packaging fibre, which are too weak to be used in further recycling. The substrate was specially-coated with fine-ground calcium carbonate and micro-nano-fibrillated cellulose, which was used as a binder and essential humectant to avoid formation of a stagnant air layer. Pre-oxidation countered the action of denitrification bacteria colonising the cellulose substrate. The by-product CO2 produced in situ during carbonate to nitrate conversion was adsorbed by perlite, which is an inert high surface-area additive. After use, the nitrate-rich CaCO3-cellulose-based filter was proposed to be mulched into a run-off resistant soil fertiliser and micronutrient suitable, e.g., for renewable forestry within the circular economy. Belgrade, Serbia, which is a highly polluted city, was used as a laboratory test bed, and NO2 was successfully removed from an inlet of city air. A construct of street-side self-draughting or municipal/commercial transport vehicle-exterior motion-draught filter boxes is discussed.

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Tucker, Nick, Jonathan J. Stanger, Mark P. Staiger, Hussam Razzaq, and Kathleen Hofman. "The History of the Science and Technology of Electrospinning from 1600 to 1995." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 2_suppl (June 2012): 155892501200702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200702s10.

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This paper outlines the story of the inventions and discoveries that directly relate to the genesis and development of electrostatic production and drawing of fibres: electrospinning. Current interest in the process is due to the ease with which nano-scale fibers can be produced in the laboratory. In 1600, the first record of the electrostatic attraction of a liquid was observed by William Gilbert. Christian Friedrich Schönbein produced highly nitrated cellulose in 1846. In 1887 Charles Vernon Boys described the process in a paper on nano-fiber manufacture. John Francis Cooley filed the first electrospinning patent in 1900. In 1914 John Zeleny published work on the behaviour of fluid droplets at the end of metal capillaries. His effort began the attempt to mathematically model the behavior of fluids under electrostatic forces. Between 1931 and 1944 Anton Formhals took out at least 22 patents on electrospinning. In 1938, N.D. Rozenblum and I.V. Petryanov-Sokolov generated electrospun fibers, which they developed into filter materials. Between 1964 and 1969 Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor produced the beginnings of a theoretical underpinning of electrospinning by mathematically modelling the shape of the (Taylor) cone formed by the fluid droplet under the effect of an electric field. In the early 1990s several research groups (notably that of Reneker who popularised the name electrospinning) demonstrated electrospun nano-fibers. Since 1995, the number of publications about electrospinning has been increasing exponentially every year.

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Wang, J., Y. Wan, and Y. Huang. "Immobilisation of heparin on bacterial cellulose-chitosan nano-fibres surfaces via the cross-linking technique." IET Nanobiotechnology 6, no. 2 (2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2011.0038.

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Drathi U K and Pushpa Agrawal. "Extraction of cellulose nano-crystals from Polyalthia longifolia and Terminalia catappa leaf litter and the synthesis of low-cost CNC-based hydrogel for articular cartilage." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.1.0197.

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Due to the rise in demand for biodegradable and renewable materials, the synthesis of CNCs from lignocellulosic biomass opens up a new avenue for the creation and application of novel materials in nanotechnology. The CNC-based hydrogels appear to be a favorable material in various applications due to their excellent mechanical strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. This work aimed to utilize the fallen leaves for the extraction of Cellulose Nano-crystals (CNC) from Polyalthia longifolia and Terminalia catappa leaf litter. Leaves mainly consist of cellulose hence used for the extraction of nanocellulose. Alkali treatment was performed with aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed by bleaching with aqueous sodium chlorite. Sulphuric acid hydrolysis was used for the extraction of CNC. The morphology, structure, functional groups, and crystallinity of the retrieved CNC were studied using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The shape was rod-like for both P. longifolia and T. catappa and the CNC’s crystallinity index was enhanced to 72.40% and 73.95%, respectively. The TEM micrographs revealed that the impurities present on the leaf fibres were successfully removed by alkali treatment and subsequent bleaching further purified the fibres, leaving behind mostly cellulose while the hemicellulose and lignin were removed, which was revealed in FTIR spectra. The obtained CNC was used in the preparation of hydrogel by cross-linking with natural polymers like sodium alginate and gelatin. A Freeze-thawing process was carried out for the fabrication of hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel can be used as a substitute for cartilage applications.

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Takahashi, Hidenori, Shinya Omori, Hideyuki Asada, Hirofumi Fukawa, Yusuke Gotoh, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. "Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Soil Mixed with Cellulose Nanofibre." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 6425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146425.

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Cellulose nanofibre (CNF), a material composed of ultrafine fibres of wood cellulose fibrillated to nano-order level, is expected to be widely used because of its excellent properties. However, in the field of geotechnical engineering, almost no progress has been made in the development of techniques for using CNFs. The authors have focused on the use of CNF as an additive in cement treatment for soft ground, where cement is added to solidify the ground, because CNF can reduce the problems associated with cement-treated soil. This paper presents the results of a study on the method of mixing CNF, the strength and its variation obtained by adding CNF, and the change in permeability. CNF had the effect of mixing the cement evenly and reducing the variation in the strength of the treated soil. The CNF mixture increased the strength at the initial age but reduced the strength development in the long term. The addition of CNF also increased the flexural strength, although it hardly changed the permeability.

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Jalili Tabaii, Maryam, Narges Chatraei, and Giti Emtiazi. "Immobilisation of phytase producing Gluconacetobacter with bacterial cellulose nano‐fibres and promotion of enzyme activities by magnetite nanoparticles." IET Nanobiotechnology 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0206.

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Gabr, Mohamed H., Kaho Matsuoka, Kazuya Okubo, and Toru Fujii. "Effect of different types of aramid fibres on mechanical and thermal properties of nano-cellulose composites for vehicle applications." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 6, no. 2/3/4 (2010): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2010.036681.

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Hrabalova, Marta, Manfred Schwanninger, Rupert Wimmer, Adriana Gregorova, Tanja Zimmermann, and Norbert Mundigler. "Fibrillation of flax and wheat straw cellulose: Effects on thermal, morphological, and viscoelastic properties of poly(vinylalcohol)/fibre composites." BioResources 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2011): 1631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1631-1647.

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Nano-fibrillated cellulose was produced from flax and wheat straw cellulose pulps by high pressure disintegration. The reinforcing potential of both disintegrated nano-celluloses in a polyvinyl-alcohol matrix was evaluated. Disintegration of wheat straw was significantly more time and energy consuming. Disintegration did not lead to distinct changes in the degree of polymerization; however, the fibre diameter reduction was more than a hundredfold, creating a nano-fibrillated cellulose network, as shown through field-emission-scanning electron microscopy. Composite films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and filled with nano-fibrillated celluloses up to 40% mass fractions. Nano-fibrillated flax showed better dispersion in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix, compared to nano-fibrillated wheat straw. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composites revealed that the glass transition and rubbery region increased more strongly with included flax nano-fibrils. Intermolecular interactions between cellulose fibrils and polyvinyl alcohol matrix were shown through differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The selection of appropriate raw cellulose material for high pressure disintegration was an indispensable factor for the processing of nano-fibrillated cellulose, which is essential for the functional optimization of products.

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Matsumiya, Yumi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Kentaro Abe, Yasuki Matsumura, Fumito Tani, Yasuo Kase, Shojiro Kikkawa, Yasushi Suzuki, and Nanase Ishii. "Rheology of Nano-Cellulose Fiber Suspension." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 45, no. 1 (2016): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.45.3.

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Shashikanth, C., and D. K. Nageswara Rao. "Studies on Nano Cellulose Century Fiber Composites." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18872.

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Aleeva, Svetlana V., Olga V. Lepilova,, Polina Yu Kurzanova, and Sergey A. Koksharov. "SPECIFICITY OF CHANGE IN SORPTION CAPACITY OF FLAX FIBER UNDER REGULABLE BIO-CATALYTICAL DESTRUCTION OF NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186102.5512.

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Evaluation of the nano sizes of hydrosols from homogeneous cellulosic and industrial products was made using dynamic light scattering method. The influence of the size of the globule of protein catalysts and the duration of their action on the roving of carded flax fiber was compared. The correlation between the change in the equilibrium absorption of sorption marker (methylene blue) and residual content in the fiber of hemicelluloses was monitored. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the efficiency of biocatalysts in industrial homogeneous and cellulosic preparations it was revealed that globule size influences on the efficiency of sorption properties of flax fibers. The use of homogeneous enzymes with differing sized parameters has allowed isolating the contribution of the target enzymatic modification as in the microfibrillar structure of elementary fibers and for modification the hemicelluloses in the binding substance fixing the elementary fibers in the bast bundles (the linen fibrous complexes). The principles of selection of biocatalysts to increase sorption capacity in flax fiber sorbents were revealed. It was found that the sorption capacity of flax fiber sorbents increases due to the development of mezopore space in elementary fibres and regulable amorphization of interfiber binders in the structure of the linen complex. The research revealed that the the amorphization of flax fiber took place only when the cellulases was used. The size of their globules enables the penetration of these enzymes into mesopores of elementary flax fibres. It was established experimentally that the presence of large isoforms of cellulases or hemicellulases can promote as the development of the internal volume into the fibre binders and also conservation the permissible level of reduction of the hemicelluloses amount in flax fibres is not less than 10 mass.%.Forcitation:Aleeva S.V., Lepilova O.V., Kurzanova P.Yu., Koksharov S.A. Specificity of change in sorption capacity of flax fiber under regulable bio-catalytical destruction of neutral carbohydrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 80-85

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Pan, Yan-Fei, Jin-Tian Huang, and Xin Wang. "Preparation and characterization of micro or nano cellulose fibers via electroless Ni-P composite coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 230, no. 4 (August 3, 2016): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740349915590006.

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Ni-P composite coatings were prepared on cellulose fiber surface via a simple electroless Ni-P approach. The metal-coated extent, dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers and crystalline structure of Ni-P composite coatings were investigated. The homogeneous hollow composite coatings and metal-coated extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers were improved with the increase in ultrasonic power, and the ideal composite coatings were obtained as ultrasonic up to 960 W. The metallization for cellulose fibers enhanced the dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers. A uniform coating, consisting of the hollow coating on cellulose fibers surface, could be obtained. At the same time, metallization did not damage the original structure and surface functional groups of cellulose fibers. The concentration of cellulose fibers and ultrasonic power had a direct influence on the metal-coated extent of cellulose fiber surface. The metal-coated extent, dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers and crystalline structure of Ni-P composite coatings exhibited excellent properties as the concentration of cellulose fibers and ultrasonic power were 2 g/L and 960 W, respectively.

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Shi, Jinshu, Sheldon Q. Shi, H. Michael Barnes, and Charles U. Pittman. "A chemical process for preparing cellulosic fibers hierarchically from kenaf bast fibers." BioResources 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.879-890.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate an all-chemical process to prepare nano-scale to macro-scale cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast fibers, for polymer composite reinforcement. The procedure used in this all-chemical process included alkaline retting to obtain single cellulosic retted fiber, bleaching treatment to obtain delignified bleached fiber, and acidic hydrolysis to obtain both pure-cellulose microfiber and cellulose nanowhisker (CNW). At each step of this chemical process, the resultant fibers were characterized for crystallinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD), for functional groups using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and for surface morphology using both the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical components of the different scale fibers were analyzed. Based on the raw kenaf bast fibers, the yields of retted fibers and bleached fibers were 44.6% and 41.4%. The yield of the pure cellulose microfibers was 26.3%. The yield of CNWs was 10.4%, where about 22.6% α-cellulose had been converted into CNWs. The fiber crystallinity increased as the scale of the fiber decreased, from 49.9% (retted single fibers) to 83.9% (CNWs). The CNWs had fiber lengths of 100 nm to 1400 nm, diameters of 7 to 84 nm, and aspect ratios of 10 to 50. The incorporation of 9% (wt%) CNWs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites increased the tensile strength by 46%.

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Chen, Wen Shuai, Hai Peng Yu, Peng Chen, Nai Xiang Jiang, Jiang Hua Shen, Yi Xing Liu, and Qing Li. "Preparation and Morphological Characteristics of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.255.

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Cellulose micro/nano fibrils generated from biomass are relative new reinforcing materials for polymer composites, which have potential lightweight and high strength and are renewable. In the present study, the preparation method of extracting cellulose micro/nano fibrils from wood was introduced. After successful disintegration, the morphological characteristics of the wood fibers, purified cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers activated by ultrasonic-wave and cellulose micro/nano fibrils after homogenization treatment, were compared by visual examination and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that cellulose micro/nano fibrils have been efficiently extracted from wood, which have great potential in the application areas of papermaking, bio-nanocomposites, food, cosmetics/skin cream, medical/pharmaceutical, and so on.

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Zolriasatein, Ali Akbar. "A Review on the Application of Poly(amidoamine) Dendritic Nano-polymers for Modification of Cellulosic Fabrics." Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) 13, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666191019101828.

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Dendritic nano-polymers are recently used in medical and industrial applications. Cationic dendritic polymers can be used for the modification of anionic cellulose fibers. This review deals with the chemical modification of cellulosic fibers with poly(amidoamine) type dendritic polymers. It has been shown that after modification, the physical and mechanical properties including moisture regain, breaking strength, breaking elongation, and Young’s modulus of the treated cotton fibers increase slightly. It is also a possible way to achieve saltfree dyeing with reactive dyes. Several researches concluded that when poly(amidoamine) increases in cellulose fiber, the mechanism of dye adsorption changes from Freundlich to Langmuir model. Moreover, dendritic polymers can be used as a template for inorganic nano-particles. Both poly(amidoamine) silver salts and nano-composites can display antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, the water and oil repellency results showed that poly(amidoamine) dendrimer containing fluorocarbon had better results than conventional ones in relation to performance and washing resistance. To improve wash and wear properties, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers can be modified and applied as a new material for wrinkle resistance of cotton.

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Sosiati, Harini, Mu'minul Muhaimin, Purwanto, Dwi Astuti Wijayanti, Harsojo, Soekrisno, and Kuwat Triyana. "Microscopic Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Sisal Fibers." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.174.

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Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was carried out by unrepeated or repeated alkalization and bleaching followed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and air cooling (unrepeated) or ice cooling (repeated). The influence of unrepeated and repeated alkalization and bleaching, and cooling rate (cooling medium) after hydrolysis on the morphology and crystallinity of the isolated micro- and nano-celluloses were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that repeated alkalization and bleaching led to a higher degree of fibrillated microcellulose (~10 mm) with higher surface roughness than unrepeated alkalization and bleaching. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that air and ice cooling after acid hydrolysis producing different CNCs morphologies; heterogeneous CNCs nanowhisker and nano-spherical (~50 nm), and homogenous CNCs nanowhiskers (~50 nm width and ~500 nm length), respectively. The homogeneous nano whisker was related to single phase monoclinic b-cellulose. Residual lignin agglutinating between the nanoparticles was observed in TEM image as well as in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The existence of residual lignin after hydrolysis is comparable in crystalinity (crystallinity index,Ic: ~91%) with that of isolated CNCs, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

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Azhar, Sayed Waqar, Fujun Xu, and Yiping Qiu. "Evaluation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Flaxseed Fiber Bundles." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.2.

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In recent decades, rational management of agricultural residues presented a new approach for extraction, characterization, and utilization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). In this context, the valorization of flaxseed fibers, providing an annual yield of millions of metric tons, as an abundant sustainable fiber source, was carried out. The cleaned and ground raw material was delignified and bleached, followed by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO oxidization along with mechanical homogenization. The resulting extracted cellulose and cellulose nanofibers were characterized by various analytical methods. The overall yield of CNF based on the raw material was 31.2% ± 1.5%. This study explored a simple method for converting flaxseed fibers to fluorescent, high quality, nano-sized cellulosic precursors for novel applications in pharmaceutical and bio-composite applications.

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Foroughi, Mohammad, Marzieh Kadivar, Mohammad Mehdi Nabavi, and Mohammad Reza Kadivar. "The Effect of Silica Nanoparticles and Cellulosic Fibers on the Compressive, Tensile and Flexural Properties of Ordinary Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.515.

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The present paper is a laboratory study on the effect of using silica nanoparticles with cellulose fibers in increasing compressive, flexural and tensile strength of concrete and the results has been compared with ordinary concrete made of cement alone. Evaluation is conducted based on a 28-day long period, and a 7-day short period; the results showed that the concrete containing a small percentage of nanoparticles, with a determined ratio of water and cement, in comparison with ordinary concrete with the same water and cement ratio, has improved considerably. For comparison, compressive, flexural and tensile strength of plain concrete and the concrete containing cellulose fibers is also measured. The results show that by each of these three criteria, strength of concrete containing nano-materials and the cellulosic fibers has been increased considerably. Finally, the relationship between compressive, flexural and tensile strength of concrete shows that the tensile and flexural strength of the concrete containing nanoparticles increases by increasing compressive strength.

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Pandey, Jitendra K., M. S. A. Bistamam, and Hitoshi Takagi. "Cellulose Nano-Fibers from Waste Newspaper." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2012.1195.

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Arjuna, Andi, Selva Natsir, Andi Amelia Khumaerah, and Risfah Yulianty. "Modifikasi Serat Limbah Kubis Menjadi Nanokristalin Selulosa Melalui Metode Hidrolisis Asam." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) 4, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2018.v4.i2.11093.

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As one of vegetable plants in South Sulawesi, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) crops has generated cellulose fibers biomass which is potentially modified into nano-crystalline cellulose, a valuable material in the pharmaceutical formula. Therefore, this study aims to manipulate the natural cellulose fibers of cabbage biomass through acid hydrolysis method within product preliminary evaluation through FT-IR and XRD. The fibers were modified through the bleaching process produce micro crystalline cellulose, which was then hydrolyzed with 65% sulfuric acid to obtain nanocrystalline cellulose. The products have yellow pale to brown colour, with a yield of 10.06% and 31.16% respectively. Based on FT-IR spectra, both products inherit cellulose characteristics, C-O (1232.16 cm-1); C = O (1743.65 cm-1); -OH (1625.99 cm-1); C-H (2920.23 cm-1); O-H (3414 cm-1). The increasing trend of crystallinity index during the process was also observed in XRD diffractogram. It is identifiable from 7.41% for natural fiber, 69.68% for crystalline microcrystalline, and 78.01% for nano crystalline cellulose. Through Match®, the estimated crystalline product size reaches 58.91 nm.

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Li, Jia, Chang Doo Kee, Sridhar Vadahanambi, and Il Kwon Oh. "A Novel Biocompatible Actuator Based on Electrospun Cellulose Acetate." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.359.

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Fullerene reinforced electrospun cellulose Acetate(CA) nano fibers based composite dry-type actuators were newly developed. Morphology of the electro spun fibers showed good dispersion of the fullerene within the nano fibers whereas XRD studies slight increase in crystallinity. FTIR spectra showed interactions between the hydroxyl moieties of fullerene with cellulose. Stress-strain curves showed substantial increase in tensile strength even with minute concentrations of filler. Our results show nearly three fold increase in tip displacement even with 0.5 wt% fullerenes under both AC and DC conditions. The efficiency of the actuators was also calculated from current-voltage diagrams.

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Wang, Gang, Xu Feng Chen, Xu Dian Shi, Long Jiang Yu, Bi Feng Liu, and Guang Yang. "Bio-Fabrication of Patterned Cellulose Nano-Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1359.

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In this paper, a new approach for controllable bio-fabrication of patterened cellulose nano-fibers has been proposed by micro-fluidic techniques, via the combination of biological technology and nanotechnology. We attempted to make sure whether A. xylinum can regularly move within micro-fluidic channels and further to clarify how the flow can direct and control the assembly of cellulose nano-fibers. The movement of A. xylinum within the micro-fluidic channels was observed in vivo by real time video microscopy. The well-patterned materials have great potential utility in tissue engineering.

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Jayaraj A P, Anita Das Ravindranath, and Sarma U S. "Nanocellulose from Diseased Coconut Wood Biomass." CORD 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v30i1.80.

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Cellulose is the most widespread biopolymer on earth. In biosynthesis, cellulose polymers aggregate to form substructures, microfibrils, which in turn aggregate to form cellulose fibers. By applying effective methods these fibers can be disintegrated into cellulose substructures with micro- or nano-size dimensions. This article covers some aspects related to the sources of cellulose micro- and nanofibers and the most important methods for their isolation. One of these methods, acid hydrolysis, was experimentally used to obtain cellulose nano-fibers from diseased coconut wood biomass. They were studied by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning electrom microscope (SEM). The ‘Replanting and Rejuvenation of Coconut Gardens’ was the sponsored scheme of the Coconut Development Board with an objective to eliminate all disease- affected coconut palms in eight districts of Kerala state in India. The main components of the scheme included cutting and removal of all old, unproductive and disease-hit palms followed by a replanting exercise. The present work was carried out under the Board sponsored project entitled “Diversified uses of diseased coconut wood”.

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Yao, Ju-Ming. "Preparation and Characterization of Nano Crystalline Cellulose from Bamboo Fibers by Controlled Cellulase Hydrolysis." Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics 5, no. 3 (June 2012): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3993/jfbi09201204.

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Huang, Yintong, Yoshitaka Morishita, Kojiro Uetani, Masaya Nogi, and Hirotaka Koga. "Cellulose paper support with dual-layered nano–microstructures for enhanced plasmonic photothermal heating and solar vapor generation." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 6 (2020): 2339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00163e.

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Light absorption and photothermal heating performance of plasmonic nanoparticles are enhanced by a cellulose paper support with dual-layered nano/microstructures of cellulose nanofibers and pulp fibers for efficient solar vapor generation.

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Correia, Viviane Costa, Sergio Francisco Santos, Holmer Savastano Jr, and Vanderley Moacyr John. "Utilization of vegetable fibers for production of reinforced cementitious materials." RILEM Technical Letters 2 (April 4, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.48.

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Vegetable fibers produced from agroindustrial resources in the macro, micro and nanometric scales have been used as reinforcement in cementitious materials. The cellulosic pulp, besides being used as the reinforcing element, is also the processing fiber that is responsible for the filtration system in the Hatcheck method. On the other hand, the nanofibrillated cellulose has the advantage of having good mechanical performance and high specific surface, which contributes to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix. In the hybrid reinforcement, with micro and nanofibers, the cellulose performs bonding elements with the matrix and acts as stress transfer bridges in the micro and nano-cracking network with the corresponding strengthening and toughening of the cementitious composite. Some strategies are studied to mitigate the degradation of the vegetable fibers used in cost-effective and non-conventional fiber cement, as well as to reach a sustainable fiber cement production. As a practical example, the accelerated carbonation curing at early age is a developing technology to increase the durability of composite materials: it decreases porosity, promotes a higher density in the interface generating a good fiber–matrix adhesion and a better mechanical behavior. Thus, the vegetable fibers are potentially applicable to produce high mechanical performance and sustainable cementitious materials for use in the Civil Construction.

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Nguyen, Hien V. "Modification of Cellulose from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for nanocomposite materials." Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.4.04.2019.

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The effects of temperature, time, alkalinity and solid/liquid ratio on separation of lignin, hemicellulose to obtain cellulose from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose fibers were examined by microscope and infrared spectroscopy IR. The results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed by alkaline treatment. The obtained cellulose fibers were modified by esterification reaction with acetic anhydride in acetic acid, sulfuric acid with the aid of ultrasound. The cellulose acetate was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IR spectra. The synthesized nano fibers were in the diameter range of 50 - 100 nm from the TEM with even arrangement. The IR spectrum also showed that the -OH group was replaced by the -OCOCH3 group, thus, reducing the polarization and hygroscopic ability of cellulose, suitable for using as the reinforcing phase in biodegradable composite materials.

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Pankonian, Alex, Zoubeida Ounaies, and Chulho Yang. "Electrospinning of cellulose and SWNT-cellulose nano fibers for smart applications." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25, no. 10 (October 2011): 2631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-011-0736-x.

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Hu, Yue, Da Gang Li, Qiao Yun Deng, Yu Mei Wang, and Dong Liang Lin. "Novel Poly (vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nano Cellulose Fibrils Isolated from Plants by Mechanochemical Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.870.

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The objective of this study was to reinforce biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with nano cellulose fibrils generated from poplar and cotton through mechanochemical treatment. A method used a combination of acid and alkali treatment to obtain cellulose from poplar and cotton. The cellulose of both fibers was further processed by grinder treatment. PVA/nano cellulose composite was prepared successfully by an immersion method. The cellulose nanofibers and nanocomposite films were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile testing machine, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). SEM showed the diameter of the cellulose was range between 30-100 nm and exhibited a high aspect ratio of over 1500. The mechanical properties of PVA were improved significantly and the two plant nanofibers had the similarly reinforcing effects in the matrix. Cellulose nanofibers as a future resource have tremendous potential since they are one of the most abundant organic resources on the earth.

Статті в журналах з теми "Cellulose nano fibres"

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