Дисертації з теми "Choix de destin cellulaire"
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Bonnet, Frédéric. "Choix du destin cellulaire et cinétique du cycle cellulaire : rôle de CDC25B durant la neurogenèse embryonnaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30107/document.
Generating cell diversity is essential in developmental biology and to preserve tissue homeostasis in adulthood. This results from the choice of stem cells and progenitor cells to commit into a particular fate in response to extrinsic cues and to intrinsic properties. The aim of my PhD was to elucidate the role of the cell cycle in the neurogenesis process (i.e. in neuron generation) using the embryonic chick neural tube as a paradigm. On the one hand, I have developed a new real time imaging strategy to measure the length of the four cell cycle phases in neural progenitors. On the other hand, I performed gain and loss of function experiments of a regulator that control mitosis input, the CDC25B phosphatase, in neural progenitors and showed that this cell cycle regulator promotes neurogenic divisions at the expense of proliferative divisions, thus controlling neuronal production
Mayeuf, Alicia. "Choix du destin cellulaire des progéniteurs multipotents du somite, chez l'embryon de souris." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066495.
The dorsal part of the somite, the dermomyotome contains multipotent Pax3+ progenitors, which give rise to different cell types such as skeletal muscle, dermal, endothelial, mural and brown adipose cells. The aim of this thesis was to understand mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions in this context in the mouse embryo. We have first shown that the Notch signaling pathway directs multipotent progenitors towards a vascular instead of a myogenic fate, by acting on the Pax3 :Foxc2 genetic equilibrium. To determine if Foxc1, the homologue of Foxc2, is also implicated in this mecanism, we have conditionally deleted both genes in Pax3+ progenitors. We document new phenotypes, including a reduction in vascular, cells, notably endothelial cells in the forelimb, where, surprisingly myogenic cells are also absent, leading to a number of possible hypotheses. Foxc2 is also implicated in the differentiation of brown adipose tissue, which we show is a derivative of Pax3+ cells in the dermomyotome. We have studied the development of this tissue in the embryo and propose a model in two steps, with initial formation of an “undifferentiated adipogenic mass” which subsequently differentiates into brown adipocytes. Gain and loss of function approaches suggest that Foxc1/2 play a role in the control of mitochodrial function during the differentiation of brown adipocytes in the embryo. This role may also be played by Foxc1 in the slow fibers of skeletal muscle where it is specifically expressed in the adult
Gothie, Jean-David. "Influence de la signalisation thyroïdienne et du métabolisme mitochondrial sur le choix de destin des cellules souches neurales de la zone sous-ventriculaire chez la souris adulte." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0023.
The adult mammalian brain maintains its capacity to generate new cells from neural stem cells (NSCs), mainly localized in two specific brain regions, the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). This process, named neurogenesis, results in the production of new neurons and new glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Several signals control NSCs proliferation and differentiation. Among those, thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in NSCs proliferation in the SVZ and in neuronal differentiation. NSC metabolism relies mainly on glycolysis associated with a low mitochondrial activity, whereas mature cells, like neurons and glia, preferentially use oxidative phosphorylation. Changes in NSC metabolism can impact cell fate. As THs play an important part in activating mitochondrial metabolism, I hypothesized that the influence of TH signaling on mitochondrial activity triggers NSC fate choice in the adult SVZ. First, I showed in vivo and in vitro that THs allow NSC determination in neuronal precursors, whereas a short hypothyroidism favors glial determination. Transthyretine, a TH binding protein, is specifically present in the SVZ cells having a neuronal fate, while type 3 deiodinase, a TH inhibitor, is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These results indicate that THs signaling isdifferentially activated in neuronal and glial cell lineages. I observed that cells adopting a neuronal fate display a greater mitochondrial activity when compared to OPCs, and that TH signaling favors mitochondrial respiration and ROS production in the SVZ cells. Inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain prevents TH-mediated promotion of neuronal determination, proving the need of mitochondrial activation for NSC commitment toward a neuronal phenotype. Besides, it is also known that modifications of mitochondrial morphology (or mitochondrial dynamics) are required for the respiration to increase. Among mitochondrial dynamics, fission is crucial for a good intracellular repartition of energy production, and for cell migration. In the SVZ cells, I showed that, DRP1, the main inducer of mitochondrial fission, is activated by THs mainly in cells adopting a neuronal fate. Thus, THs favor NSC fate choice toward a neuronal phenotype through the activation of mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial fission in the adult mouse SVZ
Flici, Hakima. "Différenciation et plasticité des cellules souches neurales." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070644.
Mancini, Laure. "Spatiotemporal control of Neural Stem Cell decisions in the adult zebrafish telencephalon." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS154.
In some regions of the adult vertebrate brain, Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) generate fully functional neurons. NSCs are found mostly in quiescence, but can shuttle from quiescence to activation (division). At the population level, the proportion of NSCs dividing at a given time remains constant throughout adulthood and perturbations of NSC activation rate correlate with pathological situations. Also, the spatiotemporal distribution of NSC activation events is expected to impact the homogeneous maintenance of the NSC pools and the locations of neuronal production. What controls the rate and spatiotemporal distribution of NSC activation events remain poorly understood. The adult zebrafish telencephalon is a good model to address these questions. The telencephalon hosts many NSCs and it allow the recording of their behaviors over weeks thanks to an intravital imaging procedure. In this thesis, we have used this model to study the regulation of adult NSCs behaviors from two perspectives. First, we assessed the existence of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms controlling the quiescence-activation balance of the NSC population in space and time. Second, we investigated the relevance of intrinsic heterogeneities on individual NSC behaviors. This work highlighted (i) the importance of NSC geometry for their fate decisions during activation and (ii) the role of their differentiated progeny to locally exert a delayed inhibition, via Notch signaling, to prevent neighboring NSC activation. Using modeling we also show how the lineage-related inhibition maintains NSCs with specific spatiotemporal correlations and can spatially homogenize the distribution of adult-born neurons
Mazurier, Nicolas. "Etude des mécanismes de maintenance et de spécification des cellules souches et progénitrices de la rétine du xénope." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980574.
Lemey, Camille. "Manipulation du destin cellulaire pour améliorer la régénération tissulaire au cours du vieillissement." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT052.
Aging is a complex process which is often punctuated by the appearing of age-related diseases such as arthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or osteoporosis, and which is associated with a decrease of regeneration abilities and of adult stem cells number. In 2007, Dr. Yamanaka and his collaborators showed for the first time that human fibroblasts could be converted into pluripotent stem cells by inducing the expression of 4 transcription factors: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. In the laboratory, it was showed in 2011 that it is possible to reprogram senescent cells which are accumulating in aging organisms and to differentiate them into rejuvenated somatic cells.In vivo, a total reprogramming would lead to teratomas formation but if the reprogramming process is induced and stopped before getting pluripotent stem cells, we think that it is possible to restore altered cell physiology and to delay tissues aging and its deleterious consequences. Dr. Izpisua Belmonte validated this hypothesis in December 2016. He designed a murine transgenic model which recapitulates the premature aging phenotype of Hutchinson Gilford syndrome and which can be induced to express OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, and he proved that it is possible to increase mice lifespan and to delay the appearing of pathological aging phenotype. We built a similar murine model and showed that a transient reprogramming can not only increase lifespan, but also delay age-related weight loss and pathological aging phenotype. Moreover, we were able to maintain a higher regenerative capacity until mice death. We also modeled age-related pathologies such as arthritis or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in mice which were inducible for the Yamanaka’s transcription factors and we showed that transient reprogramming could prevent damages. This study will have allowed to confirm the importance that cellular reprogramming can have in the fight against aging
Bolz, Marianne. "Régulation du destin cellulaire pendant la neurogénèse postnatale : rôle de l'innervation dopaminergique issue du mésencéphale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4098.
In the postnatal and adult mammalian brain neurogenesis persists in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ slowly dividing stem cells give rise to neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they reach the granule and glomerular cell layer of the OB and differentiate into different interneuron subtypes including a small fraction of dopaminergic interneurons. The discovery of postnatal and adult neurogenesis has changed the view of the plasticity of the brain remarkably and raised the hope for new therapeutical approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Since in Parkinson’s disease the main motor symptoms are caused by the dopaminergic denervation of the striatum adjacent to SVZ, the understanding of the generation and differentiation of OB dopaminergic neurons has received special attention. Interestingly, the neurotransmitter dopamine itself has been suggested to influence olfactory bulb neurogenesis via direct innervation of SVZ by midbrain dopaminergic neurons. However, data on this topic have been contradictory. In this study, I investigated how dopaminergic innervation influences SVZ neurogenesis and the fate of SVZ progenitors. I combined a 6-OHDA model of dopaminergic denervation in postnatal mice with in vivo forebrain electroporation to specifically label lateral and dorsal SVZ progenitors and to follow their fate in the olfactory bulb
Baudouin, Nicole. "Pour une approche clinique de l'orientation scolaire et professionnelle." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131022.
The vocational choice is nowadays added to the youth personal choices. It is often posed in terms of destiny specific of every one. Only afterwards can the motives be assessed such as it appears in the Oedipus's myth and the Sophocle's tragedy. In the same way, we can understand afterward Freud's and Schnitzler's choices who became doctors in spite of themselves. We are chosen more often than we choose, but without being aware of it : the stenght of unconscious. However we do not drop our first desires. Nostalgic, we are compelled to follow roundabout ways that lead us back, according to the pattern of the principe of reality. The stake would be : not dropping one's desire. But though working backwards, the psychism makes progresses like the developing ego. It's up to the psychologist to follow the roundabout ways with the subject, so that they take on a signifiance for him and become part of his personal history
Andriatsilavo, Rakoto Mahéva. "La régulation des cellules souches adultes intestinales de drosophila melanogaster : Comment SPEN influence un destin cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066381/document.
Adult stem cells are non-differentiated cells that maintain tissue homeostasis by supplying differentiated cells while at the same time self-renewing. How is this balance between stem cell state and differentiated state controlled? This question became one of the major interests of the Stem cell research and Translation, mostly due to the potential therapeutic perspectives that it gives. Regarding this effort, this thesis work describes a new function of a gene call split-ends/spen in adult stem cell regulation in Drosophila intestine. SPEN familly is composed by essential genes, which codes conserved proteins from Plants to Metazoa. They are involved in key cellular processes such as cell death, differentiation or proliferation, and are associated with various molecular functions controlling transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression. We found that a spen inactivation in Drosophila intestine leads to an abnormal increase in adult stem cells. In this work, by combining genetics tools and in vivo stem cell analysis methods, we could show that Spen works as a key factor of intestinal stem cell commitment and plays a role in their proliferation control. How does genetics programs control cellular identity? In order to investigate the molecular signature of intestinal stem cells and progenitor cells knockdowned for spen, we combined genetics, cell sorting and mRNA sequencing analysis to uncovered Spen target genes regulated in intestinal stem cells. Here, we provide a new function of spen in adult stem cell regulation, which may also shed light on its mode of action in other developmental and pathological contexts
Pontis, Julien. "Rôles d'histones méthyltransférases dans le destin cellulaire : coopération entre des méthyltransférases des lysines 9 et 27 de l'histone H3." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077220.
The genome expression program is regulated by the composition of DNA sequences and the factors that may be associated. These factors may either be transcription factors or cofactors. Cofactors, even if they do not recognize specific DNA sequences, can strongly regulate the expression of the genome. In eukaryotes, some of these cofactors can post-translationally modify structural DNA proteins (histones). These enzymes and their catalized modifications can recruit other cofactors and/or directly regulate chromatin structure allowing fine modulation of the expression of the genome. For example, this allows to control the transcription program during embryonic development or terminal muscle differentiation. Thus, methylation of lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9, H3K27) at gene promoters is essentially associated with transcriptional répression. These lysines are methylated by different specific enzymes called lysine methyltransferases (KMT). The laboratory has previously demonstrated the existence of a complex containing 4 H3K9 methyltransferases (G9A, GLP, and SETDB1 and SUV39H1). During these experiments, the team was able to identify the interaction between H3K9 methyltransferases and H3K27 (PRC2). The main aim of my thesis project was to identify the different genomic targets of KMTs. In these experiments we mainly were able to demonstrate a cooperation between G9A and PRC2 complex
Luo, Zhengjie. "Destin de la transmission et de la sexualité dans la pensée chinoise : une interprétation psychanalytique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070126.
From the phenomenon of boy demand in China ( which also exists in other cultures ) , I asked the question of the desire for children, meanwhile, I searched in Chinese thought cultural and philosophical references, both to give a psychoanalytic interpretation of the idea of the transmission of structure in China , and to reconcile Chinese thought and psychoanalysis, for understand the structure of the unconscious. I have undertaken this thesis with the hope of understanding the problems that can generate different currents of thought in China, and hope to give an explanation, neither historical nor sociological, but psychoanalytic. My problematic was first consisted of questioning the Chinese preference for the male child leaving the restricted its cultural framework and enlightened by clinical research conducted in the West. More broadly, Chinese thought has been subjected to a psychoanalytic examination to Westerners better understand certain aspects and that the Chinese have a less normative perception, especially regarding the category of "filial piety ". From a methodological point of view, I also must say that without Chinese clinical examples, I had to resort to clinical cases I have personally faced in France and others, I have borrowed Helene Deutsch. I also took advantage of an old erotic novel, Jin Ping Mei and Chinese philosophical texts, for which you do not always had a French translation
Li, Jiayi. "Madame Bovary et Rides sur les eaux dormantes : deux destins de femmes : étude interculturelle." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807841.
Dambuyant-Wargny, Gisèle. "Entre choix et destin : la condition sociale des plus démunis, la place du corps dans la désocialisation : [analyse des déterminants sociaux : du poids de la trajectoire à l'administration des ressources au quotidien]." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0114.
Flick, Florence. "La plasticité de la chromatine oriente le destin des cellules saines et des cellules cancéreuses sur des matrices de faibles rigidités." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE020/document.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of soft hydrogels on the chromatin plasticity of epithelial PtK2 and cancer cells SW480. On soft hydrogels, the chromatin of PtK2 cells is organized in heterochromatin. The very soft hydrogels direct the cell death by necrosis. On these substrates, the euchromatin maintained by inhibition of HDAC guides the cells into quiescence. These cells transferred on stiff substrate enter in mitosis. A process of metastatic dissemination is developed from cancer cells grown on very soft hydrogels (E20) and stiff surfaces (glass). On the 1st seeding on E20, cells die. The 2nd seeding on E20 shows that cell viability, motility and heterochromatin percentage increase. On the 3rd seeding on E20, survival and motility continue to increase while the heterochromatin percentage decrease. From the 1st- 2nd E20 seeding, cells respond to a heterochromatin-dependent process of metastatic dissemination and from the 3rd-4th E20 seeding to an euchromatin-dependent process
Moussy, Alice. "Caractérisation des premières étapes de différenciation des cellules hématopoïétiques à l'échelle de la cellule unique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP029/document.
Despite intensively studies, the fundamental mechanisms of cell fate decision during cellular differentiation still remain unclear. The deterministic mechanisms, often based on studies of large cell populations, cannot explain the difference between individual cell fates choices placed in the same environment. The aim of my thesis work is to study the first steps of hematopoietic cell differentiation at the single cell level thanks to transcriptomic, proteomic and morphological analyses. Two differentiation models have been used: T regulatory lymphocytes and human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. The behavior of individual cells following stimulation has been analyzed. Using time-lapse microscopy coupled to single cell molecular analyses, we could demonstrate that the cell fate choice is not a unique, programmed event. First, the cell reaches a metastable “multi-primed” state, which is characterized by a mixed lineage gene expression pattern. After transition through an “uncertain”, unstable state, characterized by fluctuations between two phenotypes, the cell reaches a stable state. Our observations are coherent with a stochastic model of cell fate decision. The differentiation is likely to be a spontaneous, dynamic, fluctuating and not a deterministic process. The cell fate decisions are taken by individual cells
Khadra, Salma. "Garçon fantasmé, fille née : étude psychanalytique des enjeux de la réalité sociale patriarcale sur le destin du féminin chez des femmes libanaises." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC033.
Lebanon is based on a patriarchal society whose multiple demands include the birth of a boy within families. We have seen that this requirement is supported by the women themselves, who say they want more than anything the motherhood of a son, if possible the first born. This desire so often expressed seems to support Freud's phallocentric theory, which poses for women a primary desire for the penis and its resolution through the birth of a male child. However, other theories on the psychosexual development of women have already emerged among Freud's direct disciples and then in contemporary psychoanalytical theorizations.We wanted to explore this question by studying, through clinical research interviews and the passing of projective tests, the psychosexual development of young women to whom from an early age, their environment and especially their mother, had explicitly told them that they had wanted a boy during their pregnancy.If this did not allow us to settle the debate between phallocentric theory and other theories, our work has shown that when the unconscious desire, certainly driven by its unconscious conflicts related to its own psychosexual development, meets the desire to respond as well as possible to the social constraint of patriarchal society, women enjoy a certain fulfillment. On the other hand, it must be noted that, otherwise, women pay a heavy price in the form of accidents or voluntary perinatal events and great psychological suffering. We have also been able to highlight the induction of disorders in early relationships with their newborn daughter who make the bed at a deadly transgenerational repetition. Thus, in turn, and despite the fact that they regret having suffered from their status as born girls, they wish to give birth to a boy
Gargam, Nicolas. "Banc microfluidique d’histologie IRM pour la modélisation in vitro du marquage moléculaire : effet du choix du marqueur et du champ magnétique sur les seuils de détection." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112118.
Following the recent advances in nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging has rapidly become an emerging technique for molecular imaging since it constitutes a contemporary issue for the improvement of the diagnosis and the post-treatment follow-up of pathologies such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. However, this technique suffers from both the weak amount of in vivo receptors and the low sensitivity of MRI for the detection of exogenous contrast agents. Thus, the literature shows an increasing interest for the development of novel contrast agents which can carry several thousands of contrastophores and new techniques are needed to evaluate the efficiency of these contrast agents. Indeed, when a targeted contrast agent is injected intraveneously, many biochemical process can occur simultaneously (extravasation, specific binding on receptors, internalization inside cells, …), which can make the contrast uptake mechanisms difficult to investigate. Hence, we developed a new method of cellular observation allowing to characterize the contrast agent by MRI, by imitating some of the in vitro mechanisms that occur in vivo. Using this technique, we also avoided problems that are linked to the experimentation on small animal in terms of resolution, signal to noise ratio and inter-animal reproducibility.Our approach was based on the design and fabrication of a microhistological device that allows to detect a living cells’ monolayer - whose thickness is above 10 microns - in a microfluidic environment. After having fully characterized our method with cells that had internalized a commercial contrast agent (Dotarem), we used it to evaluate the dynamic uptake of a new contrast agent developed and synthetized in Guerbet : a paramagnetic nanoemulsion functionalized with RGD peptides to target the avb3 integrins that play a capital role in the tumor angiogenesis process. In a microfluidic channel, we prepared an endothelial cell monolayer and applied a flow of contrast agent over the cell layer. We were able to follow-up by MRI the uptake of the contrast agent by the cell surface receptors. Besides demonstrating the specificity of the contrast agent as well as traditional in vitro techniques, our technique provides an additional information level since it is able to evaluate the kinetic constants and the affinity of the contrast agents toward the receptors. These experiments were done under physiological conditions close to the ones existing in vivo in terms of cell arrangement, concentration and flow velocity of the contrast agent
Awada, Rayan. "Application des approches de transcriptomique, de métabolomique et de criblage haut-débit pour démêler les mécanismes impliqués dans l'embryogenèse somatique chez Coffea arabica." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG005.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most promising propagation processes for the large-scale dissemination of elite varieties. However, whatever the species considered, research on SE remains essentially empirical and low-throughput, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for plant material, in particular due to the slow technical progress in recent decades. This thesis presents a pioneering work in which two leading groups - Nestlé and CIRAD - have decided to join forces to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in the key stages of SE in Arabica coffee, one of the most advanced processes, by applying the latest metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies. In parallel, the implementation of a high-throughput screening system for active compounds on SE, that would speed up the optimization of protocols, has not yet been proposed for plant micropropagation.ResultsSeventy samples (14 developmental stages x 5 biological replicates) covering the whole SE process were studied. A robust statistical approach applied to RNA-seq data led to the identification of 6 key developmental switches for the biological success of SE i.e. the mass production of somatic embryos, and revealed the direct influence of environmental drivers. Metabolomics highlighted huge reconfigurations of hormonal contents, primary metabolic pathways and phenolic compounds during the early events of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. Totipotency reaches its most visible expression at the embryogenic stage when the biochemical pathways related to sugar metabolism are inhibited and, on the contrary, when the expression of genes coding for transcription factors is activated. The study also showed that transcript and metabolite profiles represent discriminant signatures of cell fate. A list of 23 genes and 17 metabolites that mark the success of the different developmental phases has been identified, including the embryogenic callus stage, so strategic due to its position at the Dedifferentiation-Redifferentiation interface. In parallel, we succeeded in reproducing on a pilot scale the differentiation of somatic embryos from liquid cell suspensions in a miniaturized system compatible with an automated platform and thus allowed the screening of 4 epigenetic regulators (HDACi) at different concentrations, bringing a proof of concept of the feasibility of nutrient media high-throughput optimization. For all SE key developmental stages, deciphering the main molecular mechanisms as well as the identification of specific molecular markers offers new perspectives for a detailed understanding of this regeneration phenomenon and its rational optimization. Strategies are proposed for the validation of candidate markers and the industrialization of the high-throughput screening system. A combination of both -omics and automation approaches is proposed for rational and more efficient protocol optimization, allowing the SE processes to support the very large-scale dissemination of genetic progress in coffee
Li, Jia yi. "Madame Bovary et Rides sur les eaux dormantes : deux destins de femmes : étude interculturelle." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0018/document.
As soon as the works of Gustave Flaubert were translated into Chinese, Chinese readers immediately paid great attention to them. His philosophical thoughts, objectivity and accuracy in writing caused a resonance in Chinese literary circles of the time and profoundly influenced their writings. Chinese translator and novelist, Li Jieren, who was the first translator of Madame Bovary, admitted he was much inspired by the style of Flaubert in this novel. In 1935, ten years after the first translation of Madame Bovary, he began writing his masterpiece Ripples across stagnant water which has been considered by Chinese critics as the Chinese Madame Bovary. Astonishing similarities can be noticed between the two main characters from various aspects. Despite these similarities, Li Jieren’s novel is not just a simple rewriting of the French novel, for there are also many differences in the perspectives of the two women and especially in their fate. This thesis is focusing on the reasons that can explain the major differences in the outcome of each heroine’s story. First within the content of both novels, reasons based on elements differentiating the two women and on their social class. Then, studying at the author’s level, we will look at reasons from a cross-cultural perspective, such as the writing objectives, literary choices and living concepts of Gustave Flaubert and Li Jieren
Demers, Simon-Pierre. "La dérivation de cellules souches embryonnaires chez le rat, Rattus norvegicus." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6402.