Книги: "Chronic intake"

7

Jackson, Kim Geraldine. Acute and chronic effects of monounsaturated fatty acid intake on chlomicron metabolism. 1997.

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8

Effects of centrifuge diameter & operation on rodent adaptation to chronic centrifugation: Final report, NAG2-795. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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9

Effects of centrifuge diameter & operation on rodent adaptation to chronic centrifugation: Final report, NAG2-795. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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10

Papeterie, Gina. Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain Diary - Symptoms Journal: 90 Days Booklog to Track Pain, Food and Medication Intake - Summer Cover. Independently Published, 2021.

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11

Voinescu, Alexandra, Nadia Wasi Iqbal, and Kevin J. Martin. Management of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0118_update_001.

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In all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5, regular monitoring of serum markers of CKD-mineral and bone disorder, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and alkaline phosphatase, is recommended. Target ranges for these markers are endorsed by guidelines. The principles of therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism include control of hyperphosphataemia, correction of hypocalcaemia, use of vitamin D sterols, use of calcimimetics, and parathyroidectomy. of hyperphosphataemia is crucial and may be achieved by means of dietary P rest

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12

Davis, George C., and Elena L. Serrano. Food, Nutrients, and Health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199379118.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides an overview of the food consumption patterns in the US relative to dietary recommendations, including the main data sources for food and nutrient intake in the US. It then discusses the connection between food and nutrient intake and the major diet-related chronic conditions and diseases in the US, including obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Food security is also reviewed.

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13

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. What is addiction? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0001.

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Substance addiction is defined as a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by (1) compulsion to seek and take a substance, (2) loss of control in limiting substance intake, and (3) the emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g. dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) reflecting a motivational withdrawal syndrome when access to the substance is prevented. Importantly, the occasional but limited use of addictive substances is clinically distinct from escalated substance use, loss of control over substance intake, and the emergence of chronic compulsive substance-seeking that characterizes addicti

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14

Publishing, Uniwareness. Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain and Symptom Tracker: All in One Detailed Daily Pain Assessment Diary, Medication Log, Mood Tracker, Sleep Problems, Food Intake, Perfect for Chronic Autoimmune Disease Management. Independently Published, 2022.

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15

Hills, Andrew P., Steven J. Street, and Nuala M. Byrne. Exercise, physical activity, eating and weight disorders. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0025.

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Obesity is a highly visible yet neglected chronic health problem affecting developed and developing nations, particularly nations undergoing nutritional transition. The term ‘globesity’ has been coined to describe this international phenomenon, which primarily results from persistent energy imbalance typically characterized as reduced energy expenditure relative to energy intake. Conversely, disordered eating characterized by low energy intake, which is often paired with high levels of energy expenditure, are features of the opposite extreme to obesity and can manifest as eating disorders like

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16

publishing, F. D. S. 90 Day Food Diary and Symptom Tracker: A Simple 3Month Food Diary and Symptoms That Tracks Chronic Pain, Insomnia, Intake Meals Plan Eat, Mood, Symptoms Log. . Food Allergy Tracker. Independently Published, 2021.

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17

publishing, F. D. S. 90 Day Food Diary and Symptom Tracker: A Simple 3Month Food Diary and Symptoms That Tracks Chronic Pain, Insomnia, Intake Meals Plan Eat, Mood, Symptoms Log. . Food Allergy Tracker. Independently Published, 2021.

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18

publishing, F. S. J. 90 Day Food Diary and Symptom Tracker: A Simple 3Month Food Diary and Symptoms That Tracks Chronic Pain, Insomnia, Intake Meals Plan Eat, Mood, Symptoms Log. . Food Allergy Tracker. Independently Published, 2021.

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19

publishing, F. S. J. 90 Day Food Diary and Symptom Tracker: A Simple 3Month Food Diary and Symptoms That Tracks Chronic Pain, Insomnia, Intake Meals Plan Eat, Mood, Symptoms Log. . Food Allergy Tracker. Independently Published, 2021.

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20

James, Philip. Human biology and the urban environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0011.

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Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill healt

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21

Bender, David A. 6. Under-nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0006.

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Severe under-nutrition is generally associated with developing countries where food is in short supply, affecting some 162 million people world-wide, but malnutrition is also seen in about 2 per cent of the population of developed countries. ‘Under-nutrition’ highlights the three conditions classified as protein-energy malnutrition: marasmus, which affects adults and children; kwashiorkor, which affects young children; and cachexia, which is associated with advanced cancer and other chronic diseases, and involves increased metabolic rate as well as reduced food intake. Malnutrition leads to im

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22

Egreteau, Pierre-Yves, and Jean-Michel Boles. Assessing nutritional status in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0204.

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Decreased nutrient intake, increased body requirements, and/or altered nutrient utilization are frequently combined in critically-ill patients. The initial nutritional status and the extent of the disease-related catabolism are the main risk factors for nutrition- related complications. Many complications are related to protein energy malnutrition, which is frequent in the ICU setting. Assessing nutritional status pursues several different goals. Nutritional assessment is required for patients presenting with clinical evidence of malnutrition, with chronic diseases, with acute conditions accom

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23

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Committee on the Development of Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Chronic Disease Endpoints in Future Dietary Reference Intakes, and Maria P. Oria. Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease. National Academies Press, 2017.

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24

Puntis, John. Nutritional assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0003.

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Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition comp

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25

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Committee on the Development of Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Chronic Disease Endpoints in Future Dietary Reference Intakes, and Maria P. Oria. Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease. National Academies Press, 2017.

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26

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Committee on the Development of Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Chronic Disease Endpoints in Future Dietary Reference Intakes, and Maria P. Oria. Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease. National Academies Press, 2017.

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27

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease. National Academies Press, 2017.

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28

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Maria Oria, and Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. National Academies Press, 2019.

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29

McGlasson, Timothy J., Michael K. Champion, and Joseph V. Penn. Geriatric Offenders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0027.

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Globally there is an increasing older patient population in jails, prisons, and other correctional settings. Effective and federally determined access to medical and mental health services for older offenders requires recognition of numerous challenges related to correctional custody, healthcare, and policymakers. Basic issues such as housing, appropriate supervision, ensuring safety, access to health care, communication and mobility issues, and living and recreational accommodations are examples of challenges encountered by correctional systems. This chapter presents an overview of the epidem

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30

Howell, James C., Mark W. Lipsey, and John J. Wilson. Handbook for Evidence-Based Juvenile Justice Systems. Lexington Books, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666982886.

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This handbook promotes a comprehensive strategy founded on evidence-based programming for juvenile justice systems to adopt or enhance their current system. The comprehensive strategy is supported strongly by the broad research base that is now available. This strategy recognizes, first, that a relatively small proportion of the juveniles who initially enter the juvenile justice system will prove to be serious, violent, or chronic offenders, but that group accounts for a large proportion of the overall amount of delinquency. An important component of a comprehensive evidence-based juvenile jus

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31

Thun, Michael J., Martha S. Linet, James R. Cerhan, Christopher Haiman, and David Schottenfeld. Primary Prevention of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0062.

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Primary prevention has enormous potential to reduce the human, social, and economic costs of cancer worldwide. The following sections discuss the development and application of preventive interventions in six broad areas of public health: tobacco control, the prevention of obesity and physical inactivity, prevention of infection-related cancers, protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, preventive drug therapies (chemoprevention), and the regulation of carcinogenic exposures. All of these areas affect multiple types of cancer and massive numbers of people. Different intervent

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32

Fagard, Robert, Giuseppe Mancia, and Renata Cifkova. Blood pressure. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0014.

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Prevention of hypertension can help prevent cardiovascular disease and renal complications. Obesity, a high sodium and low potassium intake, physical inactivity, and high alcohol consumption all contribute to the development of hypertension, and randomized controlled trials have shown that appropriate lifestyle modifications are able to reduce blood pressure and/or prevent the development of hypertension. The major complications of hypertension are stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Multiple randomized controlled trials and the

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33

Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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34

Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141_update_003.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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35

Macdougall, Iain C. Clinical aspects and overview of renal anaemia. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0123.

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Anaemia is an almost ubiquitous complication of chronic kidney disease, which has a number of implications for the patient. It is associated with adverse outcomes, an increased rate of red cell transfusions, poor quality of life, and reduced physical capacity. Severe anaemia also impacts on cardiac function, as well as on platelet function, the latter contributing to the bleeding diathesis of uraemia. Renal anaemia occurs mainly in the later stages of chronic kidney disease (stages 3B, 4, and 5), and up to 95% of patients on dialysis suffer from this condition. It is caused largely by inapprop

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36

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. National Academies Press, 2019.

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37

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Maria Oria, and Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. National Academies Press, 2019.

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38

Board, Food and Nutrition, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Maria Oria, and Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. National Academies Press, 2019.

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39

Antioxidants: Education for Patients and the Public. Exon Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36255/antioxidants.

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Antioxidants are natural compounds that help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that contribute to aging and various diseases. This article provides a detailed guide on antioxidants, their benefits, sources, and their role in preventing chronic illnesses. It explains how free radicals lead to oxidative stress, which can cause cell damage and increase the risk of conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The article explores how antioxidants work by stabilizing these harmful molecules and reducing inflammation in t

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40

Bardin, Thomas, and Tilman Drüeke. Renal osteodystrophy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0149.

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Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a term that encompasses the various consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the bone. It has been divided into several entities based on bone histomorphometry observations. ROD is accompanied by several abnormalities of mineral metabolism: abnormal levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, alkaline phosphatases, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and klotho, which all have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. ROD can presently be schematically divided into three main types by h

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41

Lubelczyk, Rebecca. Detoxification or supervised withdrawal. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0017.

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Drugs or alcohol are used at the time of the offense by over half of all detainees, necessitating screening for both intoxication and risk of withdrawal from substances at intake. Intoxication and withdrawal can mimic signs and symptoms of an acute mental disorder or exacerbate an underlying chronic disease. One of the most difficult challenges a clinician may face is differentiating whether the presentation is due to a combination of intoxication/withdrawal and mental illness versus mental illness alone. Using substances while on psychiatric medications can alter the pharmacology, change the

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42

Lubelczyk, Rebecca. Detoxification or supervised withdrawal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0017_update_001.

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Drugs or alcohol are used at the time of the offense by over half of all detainees, necessitating screening for both intoxication and risk of withdrawal from substances at intake. Intoxication and withdrawal can mimic signs and symptoms of an acute mental disorder or exacerbate an underlying chronic disease. One of the most difficult challenges a clinician may face is differentiating whether the presentation is due to a combination of intoxication/withdrawal and mental illness versus mental illness alone. Using substances while on psychiatric medications can alter the pharmacology, change the

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43

Huaco, Jorge A., Emanuele Lo Menzo, Samuel Szomstein, and Raul J. Rosenthal. Management of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Staple-Line Leak. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0030.

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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has rapidly become the preferred procedure in bariatric surgery. Because of the increased intraluminal pressure and the presence of an intact pylorus, leaks after LSG have a tendency to perpetuate and become chronic. The management of leaks depends primarily on the clinical presentation of the patient, but a leak’s location and chronicity also play a significant role in management. In general, patients with hemodynamic instability need to be treated aggressively and expeditiously with surgical intervention, whereas more stable patients can undergo less-inv

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44

Jecker, Nancy S. Ending Midlife Bias. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949075.001.0001.

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We live at a time when human lifespans have increased like never before. As average lifespans stretch to new lengths, how does this impact the values we hold most dear? Do these values change over the course of our ever-increasing lifespans? Ending Midlife Bias argues that at different life stages, different values emerge as central. During early life, caring and trust matter more, given human vulnerability and dependency. By early adulthood, growing independence provides a reason to value autonomy more. Later in life, heightened risk for chronic disease and disability warrants focusing on mai

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