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1
Li, Qiuping, Haowen Luo, and Xuechen Luan. "Multistage Impacts of the Heavy Rain Process on the Travel Speeds of Urban Roads." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080557.
Анотація:
Heavy rain causes the highest drop in travel speeds compared with light and moderate rain because it can easily induce flooding on road surfaces, which can continue to hinder urban transportation even after the rainfall is over. However, very few studies have specialized in researching the multistage impacts of the heavy rain process on urban roads, and the cumulative effects of heavy rain in road networks are often overlooked. In this study, the heavy rain process is divided into three consecutive stages, i.e., prepeak, peak, and postpeak. The impact of heavy rain on a road is represented by a three-dimensional traffic speed change ratio vector. Then, the k-means clustering method is implemented to reveal the distinct patterns of speed change ratio vectors. Finally, the characteristics of the links in each cluster are analyzed. An empirical study of Shenzhen, China suggests that there are three major impact patterns in links. The differences among links associated with the three impact patterns are related to the road category, travel speeds in no rain days, and the number of transportation facilities. The findings in this research can contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between the heavy rain process and the travel speeds of urban roads and provide valuable information for traffic management and personal travel in heavy rain weather.
2
Hu, Anna, Siqiong Chen, Liang Wu, Zhong Xie, Qinjun Qiu, and Yongyang Xu. "WSGAN: An Improved Generative Adversarial Network for Remote Sensing Image Road Network Extraction by Weakly Supervised Processing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 2506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132506.
Анотація:
Road networks play an important role in navigation and city planning. However, current methods mainly adopt the supervised strategy that needs paired remote sensing images and segmentation images. These data requirements are difficult to achieve. The pair segmentation images are not easy to prepare. Thus, to alleviate the burden of acquiring large quantities of training images, this study designed an improved generative adversarial network to extract road networks through a weakly supervised process named WSGAN. The proposed method is divided into two steps: generating the mapping image and post-processing the binary image. During the generation of the mapping image, unlike other road extraction methods, this method overcomes the limitations of manually annotated segmentation images and uses mapping images that can be easily obtained from public data sets. The residual network block and Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty loss were used in the mapping network to improve the retention of high-frequency information. In the binary image post-processing, this study used the dilation and erosion method to remove salt-and-pepper noise and obtain more accurate results. By comparing the generated road network results, the Intersection over Union scores reached 0.84, the detection accuracy of this method reached 97.83%, the precision reached 92.00%, and the recall rate reached 91.67%. The experiments used a public dataset from Google Earth screenshots. Benefiting from the powerful prediction ability of GAN, the experiments show that the proposed method performs well at extracting road networks from remote sensing images, even if the roads are covered by the shadows of buildings or trees.
3
Ayala, Christian, Rubén Sesma, Carlos Aranda, and Mikel Galar. "A Deep Learning Approach to an Enhanced Building Footprint and Road Detection in High-Resolution Satellite Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163135.
Анотація:
The detection of building footprints and road networks has many useful applications including the monitoring of urban development, real-time navigation, etc. Taking into account that a great deal of human attention is required by these remote sensing tasks, a lot of effort has been made to automate them. However, the vast majority of the approaches rely on very high-resolution satellite imagery (<2.5 m) whose costs are not yet affordable for maintaining up-to-date maps. Working with the limited spatial resolution provided by high-resolution satellite imagery such as Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 (10 m) makes it hard to detect buildings and roads, since these labels may coexist within the same pixel. This paper focuses on this problem and presents a novel methodology capable of detecting building and roads with sub-pixel width by increasing the resolution of the output masks. This methodology consists of fusing Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data (at 10 m) together with OpenStreetMap to train deep learning models for building and road detection at 2.5 m. This becomes possible thanks to the usage of OpenStreetMap vector data, which can be rasterized to any desired resolution. Accordingly, a few simple yet effective modifications of the U-Net architecture are proposed to not only semantically segment the input image, but also to learn how to enhance the resolution of the output masks. As a result, generated mappings quadruplicate the input spatial resolution, closing the gap between satellite and aerial imagery for building and road detection. To properly evaluate the generalization capabilities of the proposed methodology, a data-set composed of 44 cities across the Spanish territory have been considered and divided into training and testing cities. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that high-resolution satellite imagery can be used for sub-pixel width building and road detection following the proper methodology.
4
Stewart, Christopher, Michele Lazzarini, Adrian Luna, and Sergio Albani. "Deep Learning with Open Data for Desert Road Mapping." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142274.
Анотація:
The availability of free and open data from Earth observation programmes such as Copernicus, and from collaborative projects such as Open Street Map (OSM), enables low cost artificial intelligence (AI) based monitoring applications. This creates opportunities, particularly in developing countries with scarce economic resources, for large–scale monitoring in remote regions. A significant portion of Earth’s surface comprises desert dune fields, where shifting sand affects infrastructure and hinders movement. A robust, cost–effective and scalable methodology is proposed for road detection and monitoring in regions covered by desert sand. The technique uses Copernicus Sentinel–1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data as an input to a deep learning model based on the U–Net architecture for image segmentation. OSM data is used for model training. The method comprises two steps: The first involves processing time series of Sentinel–1 SAR interferometric wide swath (IW) acquisitions in the same geometry to produce multitemporal backscatter and coherence averages. These are divided into patches and matched with masks of OSM roads to form the training data, the quantity of which is increased through data augmentation. The second step includes the U–Net deep learning workflow. The methodology has been applied to three different dune fields in Africa and Asia. A performance evaluation through the calculation of the Jaccard similarity coefficient was carried out for each area, and ranges from 84% to 89% for the best available input. The rank distance, calculated from the completeness and correctness percentages, was also calculated and ranged from 75% to 80%. Over all areas there are more missed detections than false positives. In some cases, this was due to mixed infrastructure in the same resolution cell of the input SAR data. Drift sand and dune migration covering infrastructure is a concern in many desert regions, and broken segments in the resulting road detections are sometimes due to sand burial. The results also show that, in most cases, the Sentinel–1 vertical transmit–vertical receive (VV) backscatter averages alone constitute the best input to the U–Net model. The detection and monitoring of roads in desert areas are key concerns, particularly given a growing population increasingly on the move.
5
., Surnata, Bambang Setiawan, Purboyo ., and Yuni Karlina. "Case Study of Damaged Road Surfaces as a Result of Drainage on Sabar Jaya Road Kelurahan Mariana ILIR." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (September 4, 2020): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug363.
Анотація:
Banyuasin Regency in addition to having a strategic geographical location that is located in the inter-provincial route also has abundant natural resources. Geographical Location Banyuasin Regency is located in a position between 1.30 ° - 4.0 ° South Latitude and 104 ° 00 '- 105 ° 35' East Longitude that starts from the central part of the Province of South Sumatra to the East. Banyuasin Regency has an area of 12,431 km² and is divided into 19 districts, one of which is Banyuasin I. The Jalan Pati jaya is Jalan Kecamatan, which is located in the Sub-district of Mariana ilir, Subdistrict of Banyuasin I. This road only connects the Mariana sub-district to the village of Prajin. the current condition of the road has been intersected with the proboscis river where the condition of the road has been damaged due to inundation of rain water, in addition to the inundation of the soil the quality is still unstable and the road surface is also thin. And dranase channels are currently in a mapet state. On the subject matter above the author only examines and analyzes three elements, among others. The aspect of Hydrology is the science relating to water on earth, both regarding its occurrence, circulation and distribution, its properties and its relationship with the environment, especially with living things. The large number of parameters makes hydrological analysis difficult to solve analytically. Besides that hydrological conditions depend on changes / activities carried out by humans such as changes in land use. (Triatmodjo, 2008 h 1)
6
Cira, Calimanut-Ionut, Ramon Alcarria, Miguel-Ángel Manso-Callejo, and Francisco Serradilla. "A Framework Based on Nesting of Convolutional Neural Networks to Classify Secondary Roads in High Resolution Aerial Orthoimages." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050765.
Анотація:
Remote sensing imagery combined with deep learning strategies is often regarded as an ideal solution for interpreting scenes and monitoring infrastructures with remarkable performance levels. In addition, the road network plays an important part in transportation, and currently one of the main related challenges is detecting and monitoring the occurring changes in order to update the existent cartography. This task is challenging due to the nature of the object (continuous and often with no clearly defined borders) and the nature of remotely sensed images (noise, obstructions). In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify secondary roads in high-resolution aerial orthoimages divided in tiles of 256 × 256 pixels. We will evaluate the framework’s performance on unseen test data and compare the results with those obtained by other popular CNNs trained from scratch.
7
Kwiecień, Janusz, and Kinga Szopińska. "Mapping Carbon Monoxide Pollution of Residential Areas in a Polish City." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182885.
Анотація:
Road traffic is among the main sources of atmospheric pollution in cities. Maps of pollutants are based on geostatistical models using a digital model of the city along with traffic parameters allowing for ongoing analyses and prediction of the condition of the environment. The aim of the work was to determine the size of areas at risk of carbon monoxide pollution derived from road traffic along with determining the number of inhabitants exposed to excessive CO levels using geostatistical modeling on the example of the city of Bydgoszcz, a city in the northern part of Poland. The COPERT STREET LEVEL program was used to calculate CO emissions. Next, based on geostatistical modelling, a prediction map of CO pollution (kg/year) was generated, along with determining the level of CO concentration (mg/m3/year). The studies accounted for the variability of road sources as well as the spatial structure of the terrain. The results are presented for the city as well as divided into individual housing estates. The level of total carbon monoxide concentration for the city was 5.18 mg/m3/year, indicating good air quality. Detailed calculation analyses showed that the level of air pollution with CO varies in the individual housing estates, ranging from 0.08 to 35.70 mg/m3/year. Out of the 51 studied residential estates, the limit value was exceeded in 10, with 45% of the population at risk of poor air quality. The obtained results indicate that only detailed monitoring of the level of pollution can provide us with reliable information on air quality. The results also show in what way geostatistical tools can be used to map the spatial variability of air pollution in a city. The obtained spatial details can be used to improve estimated concentration based on interpolation between direct observation and prediction models.
8
Zong, Leli, Sijia He, Jiting Lian, Qiang Bie, Xiaoyun Wang, Jingru Dong, and Yaowen Xie. "Detailed Mapping of Urban Land Use Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Lanzhou." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12121987.
Анотація:
Detailed urban land use information is the prerequisite and foundation for implementing urban land policies and urban land development, and is of great importance for solving urban problems, assisting scientific and rational urban planning. The existing results of urban land use mapping have shortcomings in terms of accuracy or recognition scale, and it is difficult to meet the needs of fine urban management and smart city construction. This study aims to explore approaches that mapping urban land use based on multi-source data, to meet the needs of obtaining detailed land use information and, taking Lanzhou as an example, based on the previous study, we proposed a process of urban land use classification based on multi-source data. A combination road network dataset of Gaode and OpenStreetMap (OSM) was synthetically applied to divide urban parcels, while multi-source features using Sentinel-2A images, Sentinel-1A polarization data, night light data, point of interest (POI) data and other data. Simultaneously, a set of comparative experiments were designed to evaluate the contribution and impact of different features. The results showed that: (1) the combination utilization of Gaode and OSM road network could improve the classification results effectively. Specifically, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are 83.75% and 0.77 separately for level I and the accuracy of each type reaches more than 70% for level II; (2) the synthetic application of multi-source features is conducive to the improvement of urban land use classification; (3) Internet data, such as point of interest (POI) information and multi-time population information, contribute the most to urban land use mapping. Compared with single-moment population information, the multi-time population distribution makes more contributions to urban land use. The framework developed herein and the results derived therefrom may assist other cities in the detailed mapping and refined management of urban land use.
9
Stanzel, Michael, and Jon Preston-Thomas. "OECD DIVINE Project: road simulator testing." International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 7, no. 1 (2000): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhvs.2000.004518.
10
Rahmati, Omid, Saleh Yousefi, Zahra Kalantari, Evelyn Uuemaa, Teimur Teimurian, Saskia Keesstra, Tien Pham, and Dieu Tien Bui. "Multi-Hazard Exposure Mapping Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study from Iran." Remote Sensing 11, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11161943.
Анотація:
Mountainous areas are highly prone to a variety of nature-triggered disasters, which often cause disabling harm, death, destruction, and damage. In this work, an attempt was made to develop an accurate multi-hazard exposure map for a mountainous area (Asara watershed, Iran), based on state-of-the art machine learning techniques. Hazard modeling for avalanches, rockfalls, and floods was performed using three state-of-the-art models—support vector machine (SVM), boosted regression tree (BRT), and generalized additive model (GAM). Topo-hydrological and geo-environmental factors were used as predictors in the models. A flood dataset (n = 133 flood events) was applied, which had been prepared using Sentinel-1-based processing and ground-based information. In addition, snow avalanche (n = 58) and rockfall (n = 101) data sets were used. The data set of each hazard type was randomly divided to two groups: Training (70%) and validation (30%). Model performance was evaluated by the true skill score (TSS) and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) criteria. Using an exposure map, the multi-hazard map was converted into a multi-hazard exposure map. According to both validation methods, the SVM model showed the highest accuracy for avalanches (AUC = 92.4%, TSS = 0.72) and rockfalls (AUC = 93.7%, TSS = 0.81), while BRT demonstrated the best performance for flood hazards (AUC = 94.2%, TSS = 0.80). Overall, multi-hazard exposure modeling revealed that valleys and areas close to the Chalous Road, one of the most important roads in Iran, were associated with high and very high levels of risk. The proposed multi-hazard exposure framework can be helpful in supporting decision making on mountain social-ecological systems facing multiple hazards.
11
Strokal, Oleksandr. "THE ORIGINS OF OLEKSII DOVHIY’S POETIC SPACE." Studia Linguistica, no. 16 (2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.16.115-128.
Анотація:
The article analyzes the nature of linguistic explication of the ideas of Oleksii Dovhiy’s lyrical hero about the features of the universe and the organization of the universe. The author deals with such issues of general theoretical significance as the concept and linguistic worldview. During the research it was found out that Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetry combines the revelation of a son who prides himself on the glory of generations, paternal and grandfather’s moral principles, confession of a fighter for the Fatherland, a manuscript of the medium, to whom all the secrets of the universe are revealed. The language of his poetry reflects the representation of his lyric hero about the three-component world, which consists of the upper, middle and lower tiers. His lyric hero is aware of the HIGHER WORLD as a world of the divine, a world of eternal truths and laws, a world of angels and pure poetry. The main images that fill this world are the images of sun, sky, bird and wind. One of the central concepts that actualize the locus of the MIDDLE WORLD (or world of the earth) in Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic universe is the image-concept of the LAND. This image is an expression of such lexical and semantic variants of the land tokens as ‘the native land (Ukraine)ʼ and ‘the upper layer of the earth’s crust; soil that is cultivated and used for growing plantsʼ. THE UNDERGROUND WORLD is updated by entering the words «field» and «shadow» in the text. As research has shown, the image of the road in Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic space is one of the central ones, since, firstly, the verbalizers of this image often act as components that make up the macro-image of the MIDDLE WORLD, and secondly, the image is combined different time shades in the horizontal spatial plane of the author’s world plane. THE UNDERGROUND WORLD is represented in most cases by tokens that are associated with other spatial tiers. However, by entering into the text, such units as «shadow» and «field» acquire contextually predetermined semantic nuances that associatively associate with the lower tier.
12
Schofer, Jonathan. "“The Road of Payback” and Rabbinic Judaism." Religions 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10060387.
Анотація:
In Anger and Forgiveness, Martha Nussbaum argues against the claim that the suffering of the wrongdoer restores, or partially restores, what was damaged by the wrongdoing. Making this mental mistake sets a person on “the road of payback,” and following this path is normatively problematic. What contribution can the canonical writings of Judaism, the Talmud and Midrash, make to the case against payback, when these writings reflect the view that a single deity establishes a divine justice in the world, such that ultimately the good are rewarded and the bad punished? This article argues, in light of recent research into rabbinic law and judicial process, as well as rabbinic theology of divine justice, that several components of these sources can help to meet the challenge. The texts recommend particular subjective states in the context of the human judiciary procedure and in consideration of divine justice, which do not intend “the suffering of the wrongdoer.” Rabbis seek authority, control over uncertainty, and a correct judicial procedure in their legal processes. Regarding the human relationship to the deity, rabbis both prescribe reverence and protest questionable divine acts based on their own ethical standards.
13
Mikoš, M., R. Fazarinc, B. Pulko, A. Petkovšek, and B. Majes. "Stepwise mitigation of the Macesnik landslide, N Slovenia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 6 (November 24, 2005): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-947-2005.
Анотація:
Abstract. The paper gives an overview of the history of evolution and mitigation of the Macesnik landslide in N Slovenia. It was triggered in 1989 above the Solčava village, but it enlarged with time. In 2005, the landslide has been threatening a few residential and farm houses, as well as the panoramic road, and it is only 1000 m away from the Savinja River and the village of Solčava. It is 2500 m long and up to more than 100 m wide with an estimated volume in excess of 2 million m3. Its depth is not constant: on average it is 10 to 15 m deep, but in the area of the toe, which is retained by a rock outcrop, it reaches the depth of 30 m. The unstable mass consists of water-saturated highly-weathered carboniferous formations. The presently active landslide lies within the fossil landslide which is up to 350 m wide and 50 m deep with the total volume estimated at 8 to 10 million m3. Since 2000, the landslide has been investigated by 36 boreholes, and 28 of them were equipped with inclinometer casings, which also serve as piezometers. Surface movements have been monitored geodetically in 20 cross sections. This helped to understand the causes and mechanics of the landslide. Therefore, landslide mitigation works were planned rather to reduce the landslide movement so that the resulting damages could be minimized. The construction of mitigation works was made difficult in the 1990s due to intensive landslide movements that could reach up to 50 cm/day with an average of 25 cm/day. Since 2001, surface drainage works in the form of open surface drains have mainly been completed around the circumference of the landslide as the first phase of the mitigation works and they are regularly maintained. As a final mitigation solution, plans have been made to build a combination of subsurface drainage works in the form of deep drains with retaining works in the form of concrete vertical shafts functioning as deep water wells to drain the landslide, and as dowels to stop the landslide movement starting from the slide plane towards its surface. Due to the length of the landslide and its longitudinal geometry it will be divided into several sections, and the mitigation works will be executed consecutively in phases. Such an approach proved effective in the 800 m long uppermost section of the landslide, where 3 parallel deep drain trenches (250 m long, 8 to 12 m deep) were executed in the autumn of 2003. The reduction of the movements in 2004 enabled the construction of two 5 m wide and 22 m deep reinforced concrete shafts, finished in early 2005. In Slovenia, this sort of support construction, known from road construction, was used for the first time for landslide mitigation. The monitoring results show that the landslide displacements have been drastically reduced to less than 1 cm/day. As a part of the stepwise mitigation of the Macesnik landslide, further reinforced concrete shafts are to be constructed in the middle section of the landslide to support the road crossing the landslide. At the landslide toe, a support construction is planned to prevent further landslide advancement, and its type is still to be defined during the procedure of adopting a detailed plan of national importance for the Macesnik landslide.
14
Thongley, Thongley, and Chaiwiwat Vansarochana. "Spatial Zonation of Landslide Prone Area Using Information Value in the Geologically Fragile Region of Samdrup Jongkhar-Tashigang National Highway in Bhutan." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020171.
Анотація:
Samdrup Jongkhar-Tashigang National Highway (SJ-TG NH) in Bhutan experiences several landslides every year. However, there are no studies on the landslides which will assist in highway realignment. This study developed the landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) using the information value (IV) and check the reliability of the IV. The workflow consists of landslide inventory, factor preparation, LSM development, and its validation. During the landslide inventory, a total of 130 landslides were identified from satellite image interpretation, google earth image, and field investigation. The landslide inventory was divided into a training dataset (70%) and a validation dataset (30%). Then, nine factors were used to construct a spatial database. The accuracy was conducted using the area under curve (AUC) and the reliability of the model was performed using the kappa index. The AUC for the success rate (0.7700) falls under a good category and the prediction rate (0.6798) falls under the moderate category. The kappa index (0.3407) for the IV falls under the fair reliability category. The LSM was classified into very safe (16.42%), safe (30.64%), moderately (27.67%), risky (16.18%), and high risky zones (9.09%) based on the natural break. The LSM will guide decision-makers in the realignment of the road.
15
Liu, Wen, Yoshihisa Maruyama, and Fumio Yamazaki. "Detection of Collapsed Bridges from Multi-Temporal SAR Intensity Images by Machine Learning Techniques." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173508.
Анотація:
Bridges are an important part of road networks in an emergency period, as well as in ordinary times. Bridge collapses have occurred as a result of many recent disasters. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can acquire images under any weather or sunlight conditions, has been shown to be effective in assessing the damage situation of structures in the emergency response phase. We investigate the backscattering characteristics of washed-away or collapsed bridges from the multi-temporal high-resolution SAR intensity imagery introduced in our previous studies. In this study, we address the challenge of building a model to identify collapsed bridges using five change features obtained from multi-temporal SAR intensity images. Forty-four bridges affected by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, in Japan, and forty-four bridges affected by the 2020 July floods, also in Japan, including a total of 21 collapsed bridges, were divided into training, test, and validation sets. Twelve models were trained, using different numbers of features as input in random forest and logistic regression methods. Comparing the accuracies of the validation sets, the random forest model trained with the two mixed events using all the features showed the highest capability to extract collapsed bridges. After improvement by introducing an oversampling technique, the F-score for collapsed bridges was 0.87 and the kappa coefficient was 0.82, showing highly accurate agreement.
16
Liu, Qinqin, Yichen Tian, Kai Yin, Feifei Zhang, Huiping Huang, and Fangmiao Chen. "Landscape Pattern Theoretical Optimization of Urban Green Space Based on Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040263.
Анотація:
Assessing the supply and demand of urban green space (UGS) ecosystem services (ESs) can provide relevant insights for urban planning. This study presents an analysis method for the spatial distribution of UGS ES supply and demand at administrative unit and 1-m grid scales and directly compares the matches of ES supply and demand in spatially explicit maps at two scales. Based on the analysis results at administrative unit scale, administrative units with an unbalanced UGS ES supply and demand were divided into three types: (Ⅰ) lack of green space; (Ⅱ) unreasonable green space structure; (Ⅲ) comprehensive, and different optimization schemes were put forward. According to the analysis results at 1-m scale, the regions with an unbalanced ES supply and demand of an administrative unit were divided into the following: (1) severe ES shortage area; (2) moderate ES shortage area; (3) mild ES shortage area, and the severe ES shortage area was taken as the UGS optimization area. We take the UGS within the 5th Ring Road of Beijing as an example and propose suggestions for optimizing the UGS pattern based on the evaluation of the supply and demand of UGS carbon sequestration services and purification services for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5). This study provides an easy-to-use evaluation method for the spatial distribution of UGS ES supply and demand and proposes different optimization suggestions for the unbalanced area, thus playing a role in UGS construction activities and green space structure optimization.
17
Lang, Mabel L. "Lineage-Boasting and the Road not Taken." Classical Quarterly 44, no. 1 (May 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800017158.
Анотація:
There are in the Iliad nine examples of individuals, either human or divine, who recount their ancestry in some detail. The overlap of situation, assertion and vocabulary among these nine examples seems to be sufficient to constitute a theme of lineage-boasting.
18
Ranjgar, Babak, Seyed Vahid Razavi-Termeh, Fatemeh Foroughnia, Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki, and Daniele Perissin. "Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping Using Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry Technique and Optimized Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071326.
Анотація:
In this paper, land subsidence susceptibility was assessed for Shahryar County in Iran using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) machine learning algorithm. Another aim of the present paper was to assess if ensembles of ANFIS with two meta-heuristic algorithms (imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and gray wolf optimization (GWO)) would yield a better prediction performance. A remote sensing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) dataset from 2019 to 2020 and the persistent-scatterer SAR interferometry (PS-InSAR) technique were used to obtain a land subsidence inventory of the study area and use it for training and testing models. Resulting PS points were divided into two parts of 70% and 30% for training and testing the models, respectively. For susceptibility analysis, eleven conditioning factors were taken into account: the altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance to stream, distance to road, stream density, groundwater drawdown, and land use/land cover (LULC). A frequency ratio (FR) was applied to assess the correlation of factors to subsidence occurrence. The prediction power of the models and their generated land subsidence susceptibility maps (LSSMs) were validated using the root mean square error (RMSE) value and area under curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) analysis. The ROC results showed that ANFIS-ICA had the best accuracy (0.932) among the models (ANFIS-GWO (0.926), ANFIS (0.908)). The results of this work showed that optimizing ANFIS with meta-heuristics considerably improves LSSM accuracy although ANFIS alone had an acceptable result.
19
Arehart-Treichel, Joan. "To Forgive May Be Divine, But It's Long, Hard Road." Psychiatric News 41, no. 24 (December 15, 2006): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.24.0016.
20
Shao, Yang, Austin J. Cooner, and Stephen J. Walsh. "Assessing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Assisted Machine Perception for Urban Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081523.
Анотація:
High-spatial-resolution satellite imagery has been widely applied for detailed urban mapping. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown promise in certain remote sensing applications, but they are still relatively new techniques for general urban mapping. This study examines the use of two DCNNs (U-Net and VGG16) to provide an automatic schema to support high-resolution mapping of buildings, road/open built-up, and vegetation cover. Using WorldView-2 imagery as input, we first applied an established OBIA method to characterize major urban land cover classes. An OBIA-derived urban map was then divided into a training and testing region to evaluate the DCNNs’ performance. For U-Net mapping, we were particularly interested in how sample size or the number of image tiles affect mapping accuracy. U-Net generated cross-validation accuracies ranging from 40.5 to 95.2% for training sample sizes from 32 to 4096 image tiles (each tile was 256 by 256 pixels). A per-pixel accuracy assessment led to 87.8 percent overall accuracy for the testing region, suggesting U-Net’s good generalization capabilities. For the VGG16 mapping, we proposed an object-based framing paradigm that retains spatial information and assists machine perception through Gaussian blurring. Gaussian blurring was used as a pre-processing step to enhance the contrast between objects of interest and background (contextual) information. Combined with the pre-trained VGG16 and transfer learning, this analytical approach generated a 77.3 percent overall accuracy for per-object assessment. The mapping accuracy could be further improved given more robust segmentation algorithms and better quantity/quality of training samples. Our study shows significant promise for DCNN implementation for urban mapping and our approach can transfer to a number of other remote sensing applications.
21
Mashaly, Jehan, and Eman Ghoneim. "Flash Flood Hazard Using Optical, Radar, and Stereo-Pair Derived DEM: Eastern Desert, Egypt." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081204.
Анотація:
Flash floods are classified among the Earth’s most deadly and destructive natural hazards, particularly in arid regions. Wadi El-Ambagi, one of the largest drainage basins in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is frequently subjected to severe flash flood damage following intense, short-lived rainstorms. This wadi is home to one of the few road networks which connects the Nile River Valley to the Red Sea Coast. At its outlet lies Quseir, one of the major coastal towns in the area. Quseir is a developing tourism and scuba diving town, and is known for its historical importance as an ancient port; thus, efforts are in place to preserve the town’s heritage. The lack of hydrological and meteorological data in this region necessitates the use of a hydrological modeling approach to predict the spatial extent, depth, and velocity of the flood waters, and hence locate sites at risk of flood inundation. This was accomplished by understanding the characteristics of surface runoff through modeled hydrographs. Here, elevation data were extracted from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and a two-meter digital elevation model (DEM) derived from WorldView-2 stereo pair imagery. The land use/land cover and soil properties were mapped from fused ASTER multispectral and ALOS-PALSAR Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to produce a hybrid image that combines spectral properties and surface roughness, respectively. The results showed that storm events with rainfall intensities of 30 mm and ~60 mm over a two-hour period would generate maximum peak flows of 165 m3 s−1 and 875 m3 s−1 , respectively. The latter peak flow would generate floods with depths of up to 2 m within the town of Quseir. A flood of this magnitude would inundate 217 buildings, 7 km of the highway, and 1.43 km of the railroad in the downstream area of Wadi El-Ambagi. Findings from this work indicate that the integration of remote sensing and hydrological modeling can be a practical and quick approach to predict flash flood hazards in arid regions where data are scarce.
22
Slattery, Dennis P. "Dante’s Terza Rima in The Divine Comedy: The Road of Therapy." International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2008.27.1.80.
23
Zou, Qiang, Peng Cui, Gordon GD Zhou, Shusong Li, Jianxi Tang, and Shuai Li. "A new approach to assessing vulnerability of mountain highways subject to debris flows in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318770985.
Анотація:
Mountain highways in China are located in various natural geographical areas with intense tectonic activity, steep topography and a high frequency of extreme precipitation events. These conditions make the highways vulnerable to the occurrence of multiple large debris flows simultaneously during heavy rainfall. To manage this hazard risk, a broader understanding of the hazard effects of debris flows and the vulnerability of highways is needed to reduce the losses resulting from these hazardous events. Accordingly, we analysed the effects of debris flow hazards on mountain highways and established an updated systematic indicator system to describe the vulnerability of highway infrastructure and movable hazard-affected objects. Next, we proposed a new integrated model of highway vulnerability based on the environmental sensibility, structural properties and functional effects of the highway infrastructure and on the exposure probability and quantity of movable hazard-affected objects. By analysing the characteristics of elements affected by debris flows, we developed a systematic and quantitative method of vulnerability assessment for mountain highways. Finally, this implemented method was applied to a case study in the Xiqu section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, an area seriously affected by debris flows during each rainy season. The hazard characteristics of disasters were analysed, and the affected highway sections were divided into four vulnerability levels. The analysis of the results indicated that the calculated vulnerability coincides with the actual effects of the disaster, which strongly suggests that the vulnerability assessment generated by the proposed method can serve as a pertinent guide for route selection, road rehabilitation and hazard mitigation of highways affected by debris flows in mountainous regions.
24
Cui, Haifu, Liang Wu, Sheng Hu, Rujuan Lu, and Shanlin Wang. "Recognition of Urban Functions and Mixed Use Based on Residents’ Movement and Topic Generation Model: The Case of Wuhan, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182889.
Анотація:
The rapid evolution of cities has brought new challenges to urban planning and management. The accurate evaluation of urban functional structure and mixed use is critical, especially at a fine scale such as by blocks. The composition and mixing of urban spatial functions calculated by remote sensing and statistics are non-quantitative and undetailed. The text topic models are often applied to process text data, but are rarely used to mine semantic information in quantitative data. Therefore, this paper attempts to carry out research on the recognition of urban functions and mixed use using a text topic generation model based on resident mobile data. First, the area within Wuhan Third Ring Road was divided into 2451 units at a grid size of 500 m × 500 m. The histogram-latent Dirichlet allocation (H-LDA) and information entropy were applied to assign different grid units to correct the functional topics and topic information entropy (TIE). Second, the functional categories of different analysis units were calculated using the point of interest (POI), frequency density (FD) and category proportion (CP) indicators, while the functional information entropy (FIE) based on the POI was calculated. Then, the urban functions and mixtures identified by the two kinds of data were compared and analyzed. Finally, referring to the geographic information in streetscape map and applying correlation analysis, the function and mixing results obtained from the experiment were verified. Studies have shown that the H-LDA model can identify bridges, which the POI data have shown is challenging to identify without attributes such as length. The function recognition accuracy of the H-LDA model is 89.3%, which is higher than K-means algorithm and Word2vec models. The correlation coefficient between FIE and TIE is 0.587, indicating that both are highly correlated. These explain the accuracy and rationality of identifying city functions and mixtures based on the H-LDA model. The H-LDA model can be applied to functional computing and fine-scale urban mixed function planning.
25
Arabameri, Cerda, Rodrigo-Comino, Pradhan, Sohrabi, Blaschke, and Tien Bui. "Proposing a Novel Predictive Technique for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in Arid and Semi-arid Regions (Iran)." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2019): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212577.
Анотація:
Gully erosion is considered to be one of the main causes of land degradation in arid and semi-arid territories around the world. In this research, gully erosion susceptibility mapping was carried out in Semnan province (Iran) as a case study in which we tested the efficiency of the index of entropy (IoE), the Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, and their combination. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) were used to reduce the time and costs needed for rapid assessment of gully erosion. Firstly, a gully erosion inventory map (GEIM) with 206 gully locations was obtained from various sources and randomly divided into two groups: A training dataset (70% of the data) and a validation dataset (30% of the data). Fifteen gully-related conditioning factors (GRCFs) including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, stream power index, topographical wetness index, rainfall, soil type, drainage density, distance to river, distance to road, distance to fault, lithology, land use/land cover, and soil type, were used for modeling. The advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 30 m was used for the extraction of the above-mentioned topographic factors. The tolerance (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF) were also included for checking the multicollinearity among the GRCFs. Based on IoE, we concluded that soil type, lithology, and elevation were the most significant in terms of gully formation. Validation results using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed that IoE (0.941) reached a higher prediction accuracy than VIKOR (0.857) and VIKOR-IoE (0.868). Based on our results, the combination of statistical (IoE) models along with remote sensing and GIS can convert the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models into efficient and powerful tools for gully erosion prediction. We strongly suggest that decision-makers and managers should use these kinds of results to develop more consistent solutions to achieve sustainable development on degraded lands such as in the Semnan province.
26
KARAOĞLAN, Hülya. "SEYITOMER MOUND MİDDLE BRONZE AGE LİNE DECORATİON SPİNDLE WHORLS." IEDSR Association 6, no. 15 (September 20, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.335.
Анотація:
Since prehistoric times, human beings have decorated their daily items such as tools, utensils, pots and fugitives by applying ornaments with various techniques. These decorations are not only haphazardly but also systematically and as works of art. Seyitömer Mound is located 30 km northwest of Kütahya Province in the north of Afyon-Altıntaş-road in Seyitömer Town of Kütahya. Nine years of uninterrupted excavations were carried out by the Kütahya Dumlupınar University Archeology Department in Seyitömer Mound. During the excavations carried out in Seyitömer Mound , spindle whorls dating back to the Middle Bronze Age and used in rope spinning are quite common. Decorations in various compositions were applied on these finds using the scraping technique. These decorations are divided into groups as Mixed Composition, Bow, Line, Angle, Zigzag and Star, Point, Nail, Ring, Wave, Radial Decoration. In this study, in Seyitömer Mound spindle whorl finds BC. twenty one spindle whorls belonging to the 2nd millennium and decorated (marked) with "arc-shaped" decoration were studied. In this spindle whorls group, many compositions have been created from arc-shaped lines. These compositions were mostly made in groups of nested double-triple-quadruple arcs, four-five. In the study, drawings of Seyitömer Mound bow-shaped spindle whorls, their location, dimensions and descriptions were added as a catalog. In addition, its contemporaries and similar peripheral centers are specified with a compared bibliography. The aim of the study is to include this group of finds, which is important for archaeological research, into the literature.
27
Anggara, Ircham Habib, Florence Elfriede Silalahi, and Barandi Sapta Widartono. "Pengembangan Prototipe Sistem Informasi Jaringan Telekomunikasi PT. Telkom Untuk Penentuan Rute Optimal Dalam Penanganan Gangguan Berdasarkan Algoritma Floyd - Warshall." Jurnal Penelitian Pos dan Informatika 7, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/jppi.2017.0701001.
Анотація:
<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong></p><p><em>Saat ini banyak operator telekomunikasi yang bermunculan di Indonesia sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya persaingan yang tinggi antar operator telekomunikasi. PT. Telkom selaku badan usaha yang berwenang dalam pembangunan dan pengembangan sektor telekomunikasi khususnya untuk telepon kabel, juga menyadarinya dan berupaya untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat suatu basis data spasial dan model sistem informasi jaringan telepon PT. Telkom yang interaktif dengan memanfaatkan citra Quickbird yang bersumber dari Google Earth, Global Positiong System (GPS) dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk penentuan rute optimal penanganan gangguan jaringan telepon PT. Telkom berdasarkan Algoritma Floyd-Warshall. Penentuan rute optimal didasarkan atas variabel impedensi, berupa jarak tempuh dan waktu tempuh yang diturunkan dari panjang jalan dibagi dengan kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan per ruas jalan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa Sistem Informasi Rute Optimal Telkom Bantul (SIROTOL) yang berbasis dekstop dan dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya software SIG yang lain. Rute optimal program SIROTOL mampu digunakan untuk menentukan rute optimal penanganan gangguan jaringan telepon PT. Telkom Bantul dengan hasil yang akurat atau mendekati kondisi di lapangan. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil validasi lapangan yang memiliki nilai uji akurasi rute optimal berdasarkan jarak tempuh sebesar 97.06% dan nilai uji akurasi rute optimal berdasarkan waktu tempuh sebesar 96.14%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Nowdays, many providers are emerging in Indonesia so that they lead high competition among telecommunication operators. As a state owned company that has authorities on the development of telecommunications sector, especially for cables telephone, PT. TELKOM also realize that, so they strive for a better service to the customers.This research aims to create a spatial database and interactive telephone network information system model of PT. Telkom by using Quickbird imagery derived from Google Earth, Global Position System (GPS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to determine the optimal route telephone network for error handling based on Floyd-Warshall algorithm. Determination of the optimal route is based on the variable impedance of the travel distance and travel time derived from the length of road divided by the average speed of vehicles per road segment. Subsequent tissue analysis results are integrated with GPS navigation technology to help a network technician search for location of interference and network technicians to assist the movement towards the location of the phone to crash in the field. The result of the research is Telkom Bantul Optimal Route Information System (SIROTOL) desktop based and stand alone application. SIROTOL optimal route program can be applied to determine the optimal route accurately on Telkom Bantul’s error handling or at least close to field conditions. It can be proved by field validation results which resulted in accurate optimal route test value based on travel distance of 97.06% and travel time of 96.14%</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Keywords: optimal route, network analysis, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, telephone network</em></p>
28
Ramirez, Adriana G., Eric B. Schneider, J. Hunter Mehaffey, Martha A. Zeiger, John B. Hanks, and Philip W. Smith. "Effect of Travel Time for Thyroid Surgery on Treatment Cost and Morbidity." American Surgeon 85, no. 9 (September 2019): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500934.
Анотація:
Regionalizing surgical care to high-volume centers has improved outcomes for endocrine surgery. This shift is associated with increased travel time, costs, and morbidity within certain patient populations. We examined travel time–related differences in demographics, health-care utilization, thyroid-specific disease, and cost for patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a single high-volume center. Data were extracted from the 2005 to 2014 ACS-NSQIP and clinical data repository for patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Travel times between patients’ home address and the hospital were calculated using Google Earth under assumptions of standard road conditions and speed restrictions. Travel time was divided into <2 hours versus ≥2 hours. Primary outcomes were hospital cost and 30-day morbidity. Factors associated with travel time and primary outcomes were analyzed using appropriate bivariate tests and multivariable regression modeling. A total of 1046 thyroid procedures were included, with median (IQR) travel time of 68.8 (40.1–107.2) minutes. Eight hundred forty-seven (80.9%) patients traveled <2 hours compared with 199 (19.1%) traveled ≥2 hours. Patients traveling ≥2 hours were more likely to have complex thyroid disease (37.7% vs 27.6%, P = 0.005), uninsured status (31.1% vs 11.8%, P < 0.001), lower preoperative morbidity risk (2.3% vs 2.7%, P = 0.02), and longer length of stay (1.21 vs 1.07 days, P = 0.04), but similar median operative times (163 vs 165 minutes, P = 0.89). Average cost was higher for patients traveling ≥2 hours ($7300 vs $6846 [2014 USD], P = 0.05). Despite observed patient differences, hospital costs and postoperative morbidity did not differ after adjustment. Existing management practices and the nature of the disease process may be protective against the potential negative effects of regionalization.
29
Albanese, Catherine L. "The Gnostic in Us All: Thinking from the Macrobiotics of Michio Kushi." Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451859x-12340074.
Анотація:
Abstract Around 1970 in graduate school, I wrote a paper on the Gospel of Thomas, one of the documents discovered at Nag Hammadi in 1945. The debate over its gnosticizing elements was alive and well, and I weighed in with an argument that its thorough oblivion to history rendered it Gnostic—in the capital-“G” sense. I published a revised version of the paper in an academic journal in 1976. Then in 1986, I began to practice macrobiotics. As I studied the teachings of Michio Kushi, its foremost American teacher, I began to suspect religion. With longtime political interests in world government, Kushi elaborated on a cosmological spiral, with humans descending from a “unique principle” as it divided into yin and yang. Finding balance with yin and yang energies through diet and lifestyle would lead to alignment and peace, even as the earth itself wobbled on its axis through cycles that lasted thousands of years—the earth’s particular location influencing humans for good or ill. Even so, if macrobiotic principles were followed, what lay ahead was “one peaceful world.” Somewhere on the road to one peaceful world, Kushi discovered the Gospel of Thomas. He began to use it regularly in his popular “spiritual” seminars. This article leverages an account of the gnostic (here small-“g”) content of macrobiotics on Michio Kushi’s commentary on the Gospel of Thomas—The Gospel of Peace (1992)—and also on related works. The paper explores the gnosticism of macrobiotic foodways and a peaceful world in terms of American culture, looking for lines of connection and viewing them as encrypted signs—in the twenty-first century still—of the gnostic in us all.
30
Jayne, Tabitha. "Earth connection." Consciousness, Spirituality & Transpersonal Psychology 1 (October 12, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53074/cstp.2020.7.
Анотація:
This study explored direct experiences of women’s relationships with the Earth and how this impacted their lives. Using the transpersonal research methodology of intuitive inquiry, 10 White Western women aged between 36 and 64 were interviewed. Thematic content analysis was used to identify the emerging themes within the data and create descriptive summaries. The research found that connecting to the Earth may help us (a) process difficult emotions and experience more positive ones; (b) stay present and deal with life more effectively; (c) feel in control of changes in our lives; (d) realise that we need to give back to the Earth for what it provides for us; (e) expand our sense of self to include a sense of a divine cycle of life, and; (f) feel part of the Earth as we develop a clearer sense of who we are on an individual level. A definition of Earth connection is proposed: Earth connection is a subjective sense of feeling part of the Earth. It helps an individual to gain a deeper sense of who they are within a divine cycle of life. It also promotes a sense of a reciprocal relationship between an individual and the Earth.
31
Freeman, Austin M. "Sam McBride, Tolkien's Cosmology: Divine Beings and Middle-earth." Journal of Inklings Studies 10, no. 2 (October 2020): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ink.2020.0087.
32
Mehler, Mark F. "On the Road to Divine Inspiration with Dom: A Thirty Year Retrospective and Tribute." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 22, no. 2 (March 2, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm200622521.
33
Eaton, Matthew. "Enfleshed in Cosmos and Earth." Worldviews 18, no. 3 (2014): 230–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-01803002.
Анотація:
Since Niels Gregersen used the term “deep incarnation” in 2001, it has been taken up by numerous ecotheologians in an effort to re-think the depth of the incarnation. Deep incarnation suggests that the incarnation demonstrates a divine embrace of not only the suffering of human bodies, but also of the pain and suffering of all creatures on Earth. While the framework of deep incarnation provides a foundation for a solid eco-Christology and ecological ethics, I suggest that the doctrine as it now stands continues to harbor hints of human exceptionalism that ecotheologies seek to eschew. I offer a critique of the metaphysical anthropocentrism contained within theologies of deep incarnation, suggesting that the doctrine does not go “deep” enough. Following this, I offer a non-anthropocentric understanding of the incarnation that frees the doctrine of the pitfalls of human exceptionalism. I do this by using a deconstructionist framework that posits that the vulnerability of Jesus allows us to view the incarnation as the divine embrace of all material vulnerability apart from the trappings of any normative epistemological framework based on a human horizon of understanding.
34
Fink, B. "The Divine Brought Down to Earth: Three Recent Sade Biographies." Eighteenth-Century Life 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-24-2-106.
35
Aikin, Scott, and Brian Ribeiro. "Skeptical Theism and the Creep Problem." Logos & Episteme 10, no. 4 (2019): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme201910433.
Анотація:
Skeptical theism is the view that human knowledge and understanding are severely limited, compared to that of the divine. The view is deployed as an undercutting defeater for evidential arguments from evil. However, skeptical theism has broader skeptical consequences than those for the argument from evil. The epistemic principles of this skeptical creep are identified and shown to be on the road to global skepticism.
36
Cockerell, Jameson. "Divine Esse Without Ontological Significance." Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 93 (2019): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpaproc2021423115.
Анотація:
In God Without Being, Jean-Luc Marion infamously argues that Thomas Aquinas is the progenitor of modern onto-theology and thus conceptual idolatry. Yet in 1995, Marion published an intensive study of Aquinas arguing he cannot be called an onto-theologian. Nevertheless, he reiterates a suspicion about the identification of God and Esse—in particular, how it has been understood by those following Aquinas. He ends with a challenge for Thomism as a living tradition: Divine Esse will not be onto-theological to the extent that it avoids ontological significance. We will argue that Aquinas would reject the exigency of speaking Divine Esse without ontological significance precisely because it is through it that he articulates God’s transcendence and incomprehensibility. Despite this opposition, there is a surprising and deeper complementarity to be seen: ontological significance for Aquinas carries its own veil of darkness which makes it more amenable to Marion’s demand than might be suspected.
37
Nisly, L. Lamar. "“The sacred idiom shorn of its referents”." Christianity & Literature 68, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148333118784746.
Анотація:
With some parallels to current postsecular interpretations of literature, this apophatic reading examines The Road ’s negations, hints, and images to point out that even in the novel’s bleak world, some suggestions of God shine through, providing readers and characters encouragement for the journey. Despite the devastated landscape and the apparent hopelessness, the novel’s questions and suggestions invite readers to consider the possibility that a divine spark may still be present.
38
Bolton, Scott J., Steven M. Levin, Samuel L. Gulkis, Michael J. Klein, Robert J. Sault, Bidushi Bhattacharya, Richard M. Thorne, George A. Dulk, and Yolande Leblanc. "Divine-Garrett Model and Jovian synchrotron emission." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012071.
39
Oyem, Augustine. "Sustainable Ethics: The Divine Principle to Protect and Manage the Earth." International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 11, no. 1 (March 2002): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10382040208667467.
40
Van Brummelen, Glen. "Seeking the Divine on Earth: The Direction of Prayer in Islam." Math Horizons 21, no. 1 (September 2013): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/mathhorizons.21.1.15.
41
Belser, Julia Watts. "Crying Out for Rain: The Human, The Holy, and the Earth in the Ritual Fasts of Rabbinic Literature." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 13, no. 2 (2009): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853509x438607.
Анотація:
AbstractThis article examines the religious significance of rain in Tractate Ta'anit, a 6th century volume of the Babylonian Talmud that addresses fasts in response to drought among rabbinic Jewish communities in late antiquity. Through a close reading of several key narratives within the tractate, this article examines how Tractate Ta'anit incorporates rain symbolism into key rabbinic conceptions of Torah, revelation, and divine compassion. As the tractate crafts rain into a symbol that expresses God's presence and relationship with Israel, it also articulates drought as the essential expression of divine absence. Within the tractate, fasting serves as the quintessential collective response to the physical and spiritual crisis of drought. Fasting practice in Tractate Ta'anit fashions the vulnerable collective body into an instrument particularly suited to cry out for divine answer. By invoking and intensifying the experience of suffering caused by drought, the community uses its communal body to align itself with both a suffering God and a suffering earth, each of which yearn for reconciliation.
42
Dmitrovskaya, Maria. "Georgian Military Road: Constant Communication (the Structure of “A Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov)." Literatūra 62, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.2.10.
Анотація:
The article demonstrates the fact that the duality of human consciousness is connected by mutual projections with the topography of the Georgian Military Road and the model of the universe and also forms the system of narrators / characters and the structure of the novel as a whole, including the number of stories and the partition of the novel into two parts. The sources used by the writer in the formation of the narrative structure of the novel are reconstructed. The numerological code of the novel is considered, the language bases of the conceptual system are analyzed. The embeddedness in the conceptual system of the trinomial name of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is demonstrated. The vertical and horizontal spatial orientation of the Georgian Military Road allows discovering the topographic connection of the road with the dual reality of Lermontov, in which the opposite poles of good and evil, divine and evil turn into one.
43
Palmer, Douglas. "The rocky road to dating the Earth." Nature 409, no. 6816 (January 2001): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35051159.
44
Forger, Deborah. "Divine Embodiment in Philo of Alexandria." Journal for the Study of Judaism 49, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 223–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12491160.
Анотація:
AbstractBecause later polemics established Jews and Christians as binary opposites, distinguished largely by their views on God’s body, scholars have not sufficiently explored how other Jews in the early Roman period, who stood outside the Jesus movement, conceived of how the divine could become embodied on earth. The first-century Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria often operates as the quintessential representative of a Jew who stressed God’s absolute incorporeality. Here I demonstrate how Philo also presents a means by which a part of Israel’s God could become united with human materiality, showing how the patriarchs and Moses function as his paradigms. This evidence suggests that scholarship on divine embodiment has been limited by knowledge of later developments in Christian theology. Incarnational formulas, like that found in John 1:14 were not the only way that Jews in the first and second centuryCEunderstood that God could become united with human form.
45
Aliff, Meagan N., Euan D. Reavie, Sara P. Post, and Lawrence M. Zanko. "Anthropocene geochemistry of metals in sediment cores from the Laurentian Great Lakes." PeerJ 8 (May 6, 2020): e9034. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9034.
Анотація:
Geochemical analyses applied to lake sedimentary records can reveal the history of pollution by metals and the effects of remedial efforts. Lakes provide ideal environments for geochemical studies because they have steady deposition of fine grained material suitable for fixation of pollutants. The Laurentian Great Lakes are the most studied system in this field, and they have well-preserved chronological profiles. To date, this important system has been considered in parts for inorganic geochemistry, hampering basin-wide conclusions regarding metal contamination. We filled spatial and temporal gaps in a comprehensive geochemical analysis of 11 sediment cores collected from all five Great Lakes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of all Great Lakes samples divided the metal analytes into five functional groups: (1) carbonate elements; (2) metals and oxides with diverse natural sources, including a subgroup of analytes known to be anthropogenically enriched (Cd, Pb, Sn, Zn, and Sb); (3) common crustal elements; (4) metals related to coal and nuclear power generation; and (5) all of the co-occurring rare earth elements. Two contamination indices (Igeo and EF) applied to sedimentary metals indicated that Na, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ta, and Cu were each, at some point during the Anthropocene, the most enriched metal pollutants in Great Lakes sediments. Land uses correlated with the metal analytes, such as increases in contaminant metals with the rise in catchment population and increases in carbonate elements (e.g. Ca) with agriculture. Certain contamination trends were observed basin-wide, such as for the atmospheric pollutant Pb, which followed a rise associated with fossil fuel combustion and a decline following the ban of leaded gasoline. Other trends were lake-specific, such as recent high concentrations of Na in Lake Superior, likely due to road salt applications, and a late-20th-century peak in Ca associated with algal whiting events in Lake Ontario. Some metals exceeded guidelines for sediment quality, in some cases prior to European settlement of the basin, indicating that a paleolimnological context is important for appropriate management of sediment contamination. The Great Lakes are sensitive to environmental changes such as pollution by metals, and it is clear that while there has been remedial success, results from the uppermost intervals of cores indicate ongoing problems.
46
Tuzin, Donald, and Peggy Reeves Sanday. "Divine Hunger: Cannibalism as a Cultural System." Man 22, no. 2 (June 1987): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802891.
47
Khitruk, Ekaterina B. "On the road to Emmaus: Evangelism in postmodern age." Issues of Theology 3, no. 1 (2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2021.105.
Анотація:
The article examines the problem of comparing the basic premises of the philosophy of postmodernism and religious worldview, in particular, the Christian doctrine. The heuristic potential of the concept of “kenosis” is revealed in the works of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo as applied to the interpretation of the history of philosophy simultaneously in the context of Christian doctrine and philosophy of postmodernism. In the context of the Christian doctrine, kenosis means “exhaustion” of God as His voluntary descent into the world through incarnation and death on the cross for the salvation of people. This is a specifically Christian thesis closely related to the unique tenets of Christian theology, anthropology, and soteriology. Vattimo considers it possible to use the concept of kenosis as a basis for understanding the relationship between Christianity and postmodernity, since it is in the perspective of Divine “exhaustion” that the true nature of the evangelism is revealed, which cannot be reduced to an ontotheological metanarrative. The article also proposes the concept of a historical interpretation of the Gospel in the works of the modern British biblical scholar Nicholas Thomas Wright as one of the possible strategies for explicating the “intersection points” between postmodern philosophy and Christian theology. It is concluded that the assertion about the antagonism and incompatibility of postmodernism and Christianity is superficial and this issue requires a more careful and comprehensive study.
48
Le Poidevin, Robin. "The Incarnation: divine embodiment and the divided mind." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 68 (June 20, 2011): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246111000129.
Анотація:
The central doctrine of traditional Christianity, the doctrine of the Incarnation, is that the Second Person of the Trinity lived a human existence on Earth as Jesus Christ for a finite period. In the words of the Nicene Creed, the Son is himwho for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man.
49
Braaten, Laurie. "Earth Community in Joel 1-2: A Call to Identify with the Rest of Creation." Horizons in Biblical Theology 28, no. 2 (2006): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/019590806x156082.
Анотація:
AbstractEarth is the major participant in the events depicted in Joel 1-2 [Eng. 1:1-2:27], calling for a geocentric interpretation of this material. A locust plague (and drought) is wreaking havoc on the Earth. God and Earth are mourning the affliction of the soil, animals, and plants brought on by human sin and a concomitant divine judgment. As members of the Earth Community, humans are expected to join with, comfort, and mourn with the rest of Creation. While the nonhuman members of Earth Community are quick to mourn the crisis, the human members are the last to respond. This is troublesome, since human sin and God's judgment have brought about the demise of creation, and human repentance is expected to effect a restoration. Once humans begin to respond to the calls to mourn with creation, however, God repents of the divine judgment and intervenes to restore Earth Community.
50
Randolph, Robert B. "Earth Materials Catalyst Stabilization for Road Bases, Road Shoulders, Unpaved Roads, and Transportation Earthworks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, no. 1 (January 1997): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-10.
Анотація:
Frequency of use of concentrated liquid stabilizers to improve stability of aggregate and soil materials in constructing roads and other transportation-related structures is increasing. Concentrated stabilizers are formulated specifically for modification, improvement, and stabilization of aggregate and soil materials and require dilution in a water solution before application to allow for adequate dispersion. Applied costs of treatment are generally much less than conventional chemical stabilization treatment, because application is much simpler and product and transportation costs are less. Treatments are applied to aggregate materials to reduce base course and subbase structural sections and to strengthen resistance to repetitive loading and environmental factors. Gravel loss and maintenance frequency have been greatly reduced for unpaved roads and road shoulders. A report of these findings is timely, because both public and private sectors are seeking cost-effective treatments to improve long-term performance of conventional pavements and to help use limited budgets to address environmental regulations mandating dust control and sediment control for road shoulders and unpaved surfaces. Representative case studies of federal and state agency projects that used an earth materials catalyst (a concentrated liquid stabilizer) document the benefits of appropriate application of concentrated liquid stabilizer technology.