Дисертації з теми "Double transition"
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1
Samala, Keerthana. "Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition faults." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2374.
Анотація:
Keerthana Samala, for the Master of Science degree in Electrical and Computer, presented on 05/11/2018, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition Faults MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Spyros Tragoudas Under double transition fault model, a fault is associated with a pair of lines and a pair of transitions on these lines. The proposed double transition fault model includes set of cases where the increased delay of a single faulty line may be too small to cause the faulty behavior of the circuit. However, when this delay propagates through another faulty line then the total delay is assumed to be beyond the specified circuit delay which may cause the circuit to fail, thus causing a double transition fault. We propose a test generation procedure for double transition faults, considering different cases of the model. For this purpose a PODEM based Automatic Test Pattern Generation Tool was modified and used. We present experimental results of this procedure for several ISCAS '85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
2
Lee, Yee-nin, and 李綺年. "On a double smooth transition time series model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215555.
3
Jose, Davis. "Dynamics of the B-A transition of DNA double helices." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/jose/jose.pdf.
4
Burge, Allan James. "Consolidating democracy, civil society and the dilemma of the double transition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39806.pdf.
5
Shiu, Huan-Ruei. "Effects of Electric Double Layer on Bypass Transition in Microchannel Flow." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0401200516434500.
6
Ma, Yue. "Double-strand breaks (DSBs) and structure transition on genome-sized DNA." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097333/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097333/?lang=0.
Анотація:
DNA中の二本鎖切断(DSB)に対するアスコルビン酸(AA)およびDMSOの保護効果を、蛍光顕微鏡による巨大DNA(T4 DNA; 166kbp)の単分子観察によって評価した。凍結／解凍の状態に対して3つの異なる形態の放射源、可視光、γ線、および超音波の環境下にさらした。1‐プロパノールと2‐プロパノールの間で異なる効果が表れた。ゲノムDNA分子の高次構造の変化は、1−プロパノールを用いると、長軸長が濃度60％で最小を示し、次にアルコール含有量の増加と共に増加する傾向があることを見出した。一方、2−プロパノールを用いると、長軸長はアルコール含有量の増加と共にほぼ単調な減少を示した。The protective effect of ascorbic acid (AA) and DMSO against double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA was evaluated by single-molecule observation of giant DNA (T4 DNA; 166kbp) through fluorescence microscopy. Samples were exposed to three different forms of radiation: visible light, γ-ray, and ultrasound or freeze/thawing. The change of the higher-order structure of genomic DNA molecules in the presence of alcohols by use of single DNA observation with fluorescence microscopy, by focusing our attention to unveil the different effect between 1-propanol and 2-propanol.
博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University
7
Saines, Paul James. "Structural Studies of Lanthanide Double Perovskites." Faculty of Science. School of Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3939.
Анотація:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)This project focuses on the examination of the structures of lanthanide containing double perovskites of the type Ba2LnB'O6-d (Ln = lanthanide or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+, Sb5+ and/or Sn4+) using synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The first part of this project examined the relative stability of R3 rhombohedral and I4/m tetragonal structures as the intermediate phase adopted by the series Ba2LnB'O6 (Ln = lanthanide (III) or Y3+ and B' = Nb5+, Ta5+ or Sb5+). It was found that I4/m tetragonal symmetry was favoured when B' was a transition metal with a small number of d electrons, such as Nb5+ or Ta5+. This is due to the presence of p-bonding in these compounds. In the Ba2LnNbO6 and Ba2LnTaO6 series R3 rhombohedral symmetry was, however, favoured over I4/m tetragonal symmetry when Ln = La3+ or Pr3+ due to the larger ionic radius of these cations. The incompatibility of the d0 and d10 B'-site cations in this family of compounds was indicated by significant regions of phase segregation in the two series Ba2Eu1-xPrxNb1-xSbxO6 and Ba2NdNb1-xSbxO6. In the second part of this project the compounds in the series Ba2LnSnxB'1-xO6-d (Ln = Pr, Nd or Tb and B' = Nb5+ or Sb5+) were examined to understand the relative stability of oxygen vacancies in these materials compared to the oxidation of the lanthanide cations and to determine if any oxygen vacancy ordering occurred. It was found, using a combination of structural characterisation, X ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Ultra-Violet, Visible and Near Infrared spectroscopies, that with Ln = Pr or Tb increased Sn4+ doping results in a change in the oxidation state of the Ln3+ cations to Ln4+. This leads to those series containing little or no oxygen vacancies. A loss of B site cation ordering was found to accompany this oxidation state change and phase segregation was found to occur in the Ba2PrSnxSb1-xO6-d series most likely due to the Pr3+ and Pr4+ cations segregating into different phases. The Nd3+ cations in the series Ba2NdSnxSb1-xO6-d, however, can not oxidise to the tetravalent state so the number of oxygen vacancies rises with increasing x. It was found that oxygen vacancies concentrate onto the axial site of the compounds with x = 0.6 and 0.8 at ambient temperature. In Ba2Sn0.6Sb0.4O5.7 the oxygen vacancies were found to change to concentrating on the equatorial site at higher temperatures and it is suggested that this oxygen vacancy ordering plays a role in the adoption of I2/m monoclinic symmetry.
8
Daigle, Christine. "La maternité chez les femmes scolarisées : une double transition en début de carrière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29734/29734.pdf.
9
Ahn, Pong-Sul. "Mature industrialisation and democratisation : the role of Korean trade unions in double transition." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336761.
10
Podvršič, Ana. "From socialism to peripheral capitalism : The political economy of the double transition in Slovenia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD046.
Анотація:
Cette thèse porte sur les mécanismes et modalités du développement du capitalisme périphérique en Slovénie. Pour étudier l’économie politique slovène de la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix jusqu’au milieu des années deux mille dix, une nouvelle approche, dite de la double transition post-socialiste, est élaborée. Celle-ci se caractérise par les cinq éléments suivants : a) la présupposition que le système socialiste de la Yougoslavie était un système non-capitaliste ; b) le concept marxiste de transition ; c) la distinction analytique entre les niveaux « externe » et « interne » du développement du capitalisme post-socialiste ; d) les concepts d’accumulation primitive néolibérale et d’intégration dépendante ; e) la reconstruction spatio-temporelle de l’analyse du développement des économies post-socialistes. La thèse est composée de six chapitres, les trois premiers étant de nature théorique tandis que les trois derniers portent sur l’analyse de la trajectoire historique de l’économie slovène. Sont étudiées d’abord les études sur le développement des pays post-socialistes s’inspirant de l’approche de « variétés de capitalisme ». Dans un second temps, le concept d’accumulation primitive néolibérale est élaboré à partir des études marxistes sur les pratiques anciennes et contemporaines de l’accumulation primitive. Dans le troisième chapitre, les analyses basées sur la « théorie de la dépendance » et les études critiques du projet européen sont examinées afin de conceptualiser l’intégration dépendante. Le chapitre quatre contextualise la restauration des institutions du système capitaliste en Slovénie au sein de l’effondrement de la Yougoslavie par l’accumulation primitive néolibérale (1979–1989). Ce processus a introduit sur le marché mondial un nouveau territoire du régime de propriété privé capitaliste, régulé par l’Etat Slovène formellement indépendant. Le chapitre cinq étudie comment le développement du capitalisme slovène post-Yougoslave a résulté de l’intensification de la dépendance économique et politique de l’économie slovène sur les structures européennes,engagée pendant l’intégration du pays dans l’Union Européenne et l’Union Européenne et Monétaire (1990–2007). Le dernier chapitre analyse comment, et dans quelle mesure,l’enclenchement de la crise de la zone euro slovène a renforcé la périphérisation de l’économie slovène (2008–2015)This thesis studies the emergence and the development of peripheral capitalism Slovenia. To make an account on the political economy of Slovenia since the late 1980s up to the mid-2010s, this thesis builds on a novel, so-called double post-socialist transition approach that consists of five analytical elements: (1) a presupposition that the socialist system in Yugoslavia was a form of non-capitalist system; (2) a Marxist-inspired concept of transition; (3) an analytical distinction between “internal” and “external” levels in the development of post-socialist capitalism ; (4) two concepts: neoliberal primitive accumulation and dependent integration ; (5) the reconstruction of the analytical space and time.The thesis is divided into six chapters. The studies on the development of post-socialist economies inspired by the Varieties of Capitalism approach are discussed first in order to find research avenues for an alternative theoretical framework. The second chapter elaborates the concept of neoliberal primitive accumulation by examining the Marxist-inspired analysis on past and present practices of primitive accumulation. With respect to the re-integration of the post-socialist economies in the world market, chapter three elaborates the concept of dependent integration, combining insights from the dependency school authors and the critical scholarship on the European integration project. Chapter four contextualises the emergence of capitalist institutions in Slovenia within the demise of Yugoslavia through the neoliberal primitive accumulation (1979–1989). The main outcome of the neoliberal primitive accumulation in Yugoslavia was to “inject” on the world market a new territory of capitalist private property regime regulated by the newly established Slovenian state. Chapter five explores how further development of capitalism in Slovenia was interconnected with the deepening of political and economic dependency of the country on the European political and economic structures (1990–2007). The final chapter discusses how and to what extent the unfolding of the Slovenian Eurozone crisis reinforced the peripherisation of the Slovenian economy (2008–2015)
11
Ling, Tsz Yan. "Phase transition behaviors of multi-component atmospheric aerosols : presence of double salts and mixed phases /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202007%20LING.
12
Chen, Qi. "The effect of transition metal additions on double oxide film defects in Al alloy castings." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7404/.
Анотація:
This work investigated the effect of transition metal additions on the double oxide film defects in Al alloys. A bubble trapping experiment was initially conducted, which deliberately trapped an air bubble inside the aluminium melt for a period of time in three different Al alloys (Commercial purity aluminium, 2L99(Al-7Si-0.35Mg) and Al-5Mg alloy), as an analogy of the consumption of the entrapped atmosphere in double oxide film defects in castings. Several elements, namely, Mo, Ti, Zr, Hf, Sc were selected and added into the aluminium melt. The result suggested that the three different alloys behaved differently with regard to the consumption of the entrapped bubble and the different oxide/nitride layers formed. Only the addition of Sc and Mo altered the structure of the oxide surface and promoted the consumption of the air in the trapped bubble in the 2L99 aluminium alloy melt. Sand casting was subsequently conducted for 2L99 alloy with different element additions. Mo and W were found to improve the Weibull moduli of the UTS. Statistical analysis confirmed that such improvement was significant. For the castings with Mo addition, a nitride was found in some double oxide film defects, on the fracture surface of the tensile testbars. This was unusual, as bi-film defects in aluminium castings usually have a short solidification time and do not have enough time to consume the majority of their entrapped oxygen. The formation of the nitride on the surface of bi-film defects in +Mo castings, suggested that the majority of the oxygen was depleted and a reaction was going on between nitrogen and liquid aluminium. The formation of the permeable nitride surface layer on the bifilm defect might promote the consumption of the entrapped gas. This should lead to reductions in the bi-film size and an improvement in mechanical properties. For +W casting, W containing intermetallic compound might be nucleated on the sides of the bifilm and drag the bi-film to the bottom of the casting, resulting in a clean melt and improving mechanical properties. The effect of Si modifier addition on the bi-film defect (Na, Sr and Ba) in 2L99 sand castings was also investigated, which suggested the addition of modifiers resulted in a reduction in the mechanical properties of the 2L99 castings while the bi-film defect content in the casting was high but significantly improved the Weibull moduli of the UTS of 2L99 castings while the bi-film defect content was reduced. The results suggested that the modifier addition tended to aggravate the effect of bi-film defects on mechanical properties by increasing the defect size. Ti and Mn additions into 2L99 alloy were found to not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the casting. A porous oxide structure was found on only one of the fracture surfaces (out of ten) of Ti containing testbar examined, which hardly affect the mechanical properties of the casting. For the +Mn casting, the composition and structure of the oxide was not affected by the addition. The reduction of the mean value of the UTS for both element additions could be due to bi-film defects being introduced during master alloy preparation, master alloy addition and during degassing before casting.
13
Le, Jiabo. "Simulating electric double layers at transition metal-water interfaces from density functional theory based molecular dynamics." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235395.
Анотація:
This PhD project aims at understanding the electric double layers (EDLs) at transition metal-water interfaces with density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFTMD). We plan to develop a method for computationally determining the electrode potential of an interface, which bridges experiments and theoretical computation. After that, we will investigate the microscopic structure of the EDLs, including ion distribution, water orientation, hydrogen bonding and so on. Furthermore, we are interested in the charge transfer between metal surface and water at different configurations, and some consequences this may lead to. In the first part, we have simulated Pt(111)-, Au(111)-, Pd(111)- and Ag(111)-water interfaces at a well-defined condition, potential of zero charge (PZC), by DFTMD. We find the water coverage of the metal surface is ⇠0.8ML, and there is no ordered pattern formed at room temperature. Moreover, we have characterised three configurations (watA, watB-down and watB-up) from the surface water layer, and revealed their hydrogen bonding networks. In the second part, we have developed a computationally efficient scheme for determining the electrode potential of the metal-water interfaces with respect to standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), and obtained the PZC values of Pt(111), Au(111), Pd(111) and Ag(111)-water interfaces within a good accuracy. Furthermore, we find that the interface dipole potentials are almost entirely caused by charge transfer from water and to the metal surfaces, the magnitude of which depends on the bonding strength between water and the metals, while water orientation hardly contributes at the PZC condition. In the third part, we have calculated the vibrational spectrum of the chemisorbed water on Pt(111) and Au(111), and found their peak positions of the stretch vibrational frequency are red-shifted, the magnitude of which is dependent to the strength of the metal-water interaction and the local hydrogen bonding. We have also suggested that the chemisorbed water is the source of the peaks at 2850-3000 cm-1 observed in experiments. In the last part, we have simulated a series of EDLs at Au(111)-water interfaces, their reliability is confirmed by comparing the differential capacitance with experimental values. We find the Stern layer gets compressed and the partial solvation layer of the ion is peeled off at a negatively charged surface. Moreover, we find the configuration of the interfacial water is reoriented from 'parallel water', to 'H-downwater', then further to 'perpendicular water' when the metal surface is progressively charged with electrons.
14
Wilson, Hannah J. "Health indicators in double burdened urban Maya children and mothers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10233.
Анотація:
Background Middle-income countries are currently undergoing nutrition transition more rapidly than did high income countries. These populations are therefore at high risk of over-nutrition (obesity) and nutrition-related, non-communicable diseases before the elimination of under-nutrition and infectious diseases. Such nutritional double burden is most common in low SES groups of middle-income countries, such as the Maya of Mexico. Long-term poor environmental conditions during early life results in a population with high levels of chronic under-nutrition (stunting), and a consequent predisposition toward overweight/ obesity, and associated health risks later in life. It is important to be able to identify individuals at an increased risk of diseases related to double burden and to determine whether stunting impacts the ability to identify at risk individuals. Aims The overall purpose of this doctoral research was to examine double burden in the urban Maya, a low SES section of the Mexican population which is a current example of a population undergoing significant transition. The specific aims of this thesis were fourfold: 1) To describe the living conditions and population characteristics of the urban Maya of southern Merida in the spring and summer of 2010; 2) to determine whether body mass index (BMI) predicts adiposity indicators in a sample of women and children with a high prevalence of stunting, 3) to determine whether measures of linear growth in women can be predicted by their recalled childhood environment and 4) To determine whether the relationship between objectively estimated free-living energy expenditure and body composition is altered by stunting. Methods Data from interviews, anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were collected on 58 Maya schoolchildren aged 7-9 years-old and their mothers living in the south of Merida, Mexico. Objective, free-living physical activity monitoring using combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring of the children was also performed for one week. The interview data was used to describe the living conditions of the south of Merida. Whether stunting status or body proportions influenced the power of BMI to predict adiposity indicators was assessed for the mothers and the children. The mothers recalled early life SES was compared to their current measures of linear growth. The children s objectively estimated energy expenditure was compared to their body composition and measurements of body size. Results The Maya of southern Merida overall had access to clean drinking water and basic health care and have apparently eliminated acute under-nutrition. Yet they remained double burdened with simultaneous stunting and overweight/ obesity. Individual double burden levels were high, with 70% of the mothers were simultaneously stunted and overweight. Family level double burden was also high, with 28% of the families having an overweight mother and a stunted child. The rates of childhood malnutrition varied widely when using different cut-offs. Child stunting rates were between 15.5% and 37.9% when using -2 z-scores of Frisancho s Comprehensive (created using NHANES data) reference versus the 5th percentile of the WHO reference, respectively. Child overweight/ obesity rates were less than 10% when using weight-for-age on both the Comprehensive and WHO reference charts. Child overweight/ obesity as classified using BMI z-scores was between 27.5 to 34.5% using the Comprehensive and WHO reference, respectively, while child overfat was over 80% when using body fat percentage for age reference curves. BMI predicted adiposity indicators in these Maya children, explaining between 33 and 84% of the variance in arm fat index and waist circumference z-score, respectively. BMI was less strongly related to the mothers adiposity indicators, explaining between 19 and 70% of the variance in arm fat area and waist circumference. The relationship between BMI and adiposity indicators was unchanged by stunting or body proportions in either mothers or children. Mothers recalled early life SES was significantly related to but explained little of the variance in her measures of linear growth. Birth decade explained 5% of the variance in stature and the Modernisation index (urban/ rural birth, sugar sweetened beverage consumption, packaged food consumption) explained 5% of the variance in mothers leg length. Birth order, sibling number and consumer durable ownership were also significantly related to linear growth of the mothers. These Maya children had high levels of physical activity, as all exceeded the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. After controlling for fat free mass, short stature did not predict lower resting energy expenditures in the children. However shorter stature did predict lower levels of activity energy expenditure, particularly in girls. Stunted girls had the lowest activity energy expenditures. Conclusions These urban Maya tend to have access to basic sanitation and services and are at a very high risk for NR-NCDs with the co-existence of chronic under-nutrition (stunting) and overweight/ obesity. The high rates of stunting do not impact the usefulness of BMI to estimate adiposity nor does stunting appear to impact children s energy expenditure. While BMI is useful to predict adiposity in these urban Maya children, it is not recommended for use in the mothers. Interventions to reduce childhood adiposity need to begin very early in life to most effectively reduce adiposity. Research into the low SES groups of middle-income countries, offers insight to what may occur in low-income countries as they advance in the nutrition transition.
15
Boilleau, Corentin. "Études théoriques de propriétés magnétiques : interactions de spin S=1, phénomène de double-échange et transition de spin." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1634/.
Анотація:
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte sur l'étude théorique des propriétés magnétiques de systèmes inorganiques. Une première partie concerne l'extraction des interactions de hamiltoniens modèles à partir de calculs WFT et DFT. Ces extractions ont été faites dans le cas de systèmes purement magnétiques (s=1) et de systèmes à double échange en utilisant des hamiltoniens modèles de type Hubbard, Heisenberg, t-J ou Ising. La seconde partie traite des propriétés magnéto-structurales des composés à effet LIESST (Light Induced Excited Spin State Trapping). Actuellement, d'importants efforts sont déployés pour déterminer les différents mécanismes à l'œuvre au cours de la transition de spin photo-induite. Une première étude porte sur la corrélation entre les paramètres structuraux de ces complexes et leur température LIESST. Puis, une approche théorique à partir de calculs DFT, TD-DFT et WFT est proposée afin de mettre en évidence de possibles voies de relaxationThis work is focused on the theoretical study of magnetic inorganic systems. A first part concerns the extraction of model Hamiltonian interactions from WFT and DFT calculations. Extractions of Hubbard, Heisenberg, double exchange and Ising Hamiltonians are performed on magnetic spin s=1 systems and mixed valence systems. The second part deal with the study of iron(II) complexes and their energetic spectra, a fundamental step to determine relaxation process in LIESST compounds (Light Induced Excited Spin State Trapping). Currently, important efforts are made to predict microscopic electronic mechanisms involved in photo-induced spin transitions, but difficulties are still encountered concerning the physics of the excited states. Initially, a study rationalizes the correlation between the structural parameters of these compounds and their LIESST temperature. And finally, a theoretical approach through DFT, TDDFT and WFT calculations is proposed in order to highlight different decay channels
16
MEVEL, ERIC. "Ionisation atomique en champ electromagnetique intense : dynamique des resonances induites, transition vers le regime tunnel et ionisation double." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112022.
Анотація:
Ce travail experimental decrit differents aspects de l'ionisation d'atomes (gaz rares) par des impulsions lasers subpicosecondes (70fs), intenses (10#1#3-10#1#5w. Cm#-#2). Sa motivation est d'etudier le comportement du processus d'ionisation et l'evolution du role de la structure atomique en fonction de l'eclairement du laser. Dans le regime d'ionisation multiphotonique la structure atomique joue un role important a travers les resonances induites par deplacement lumineux qui surviennent inevitablement lorsque ces deplacements sont de l'ordre de grandeur de l'energie du photon. Elles se traduisent par l'apparition, de structures etroites (100mev) dans les spectres d'energie des electrons. Leur evolution en fonction de l'eclairement est en bon accord avec les predictions faites sur la base du modele de floquet a condition de prendre en compte la contribution due a l'ionisation des etats excites peuples lors du croisement des resonances. Lors de la transition du domaine multiphotonique vers le domaine tunnel, qui correspond a un regime d'eclairements ou les deplacements sont de l'ordre du potentiel atomique, nous observons la disparition progressive de la double structure due a l'ionisation au dessus du seuil et aux resonances induites par deplacements lumineux. Cette observation accredite les modeles d'ionisation tunnel qui ne prennent pas en compte ni le role de la structure atomique ni la nature quantique du champ. Dans le domaine tunnel, nous observons la manifestation d'un processus d'ionisation double directe. Son comportement en fonction de la polarisation du champ est correctement decrit par un modele qui traite classiquement le mouvement de l'electron dans le champ. L'ejection du deuxieme electron est provoquee par la collision survenant lors du retour du premier electron sur son ion parent
17
Nishikawa, Shigeto. "Statins may have double-edged effects in patients with lung adenocarcinoma after lung resection." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/243305.
18
Hyndman, Rhonda Jane. "Transport studies in p-type double quantum well samples." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325711.
19
Demarest, Anne T. "'The ladies, they need to change': The Nutrition Transition among Urban, Affluent Women in India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/188.
Анотація:
Following rapid economic growth in the 1980s and subsequent rising urbanization in the 1990s, urban centers of India have undergone a “nutrition and lifestyle transformation” regarding dietary choices, cooking methods, food accessibility, and average daily activity level. These changes have been pivotal in the increasing prevalence of obesity and lifestyle–related diseases for Indian adults. With an estimated 71.4 million people living with diabetes, India represents the largest diabetes population worldwide—and numbers are expected to continue growing.
These health conditions are not affecting all populations of India; they are affecting the urban middle and upper classes. This thesis will examine the contributing causes behind shifts in food distribution, marketing and consumption in urban parts of India and how the diets and lifestyles of the middle and upper classes have changed, or reacted to such changes, as a result. It will analyze changing patterns of food consumption, as well as corresponding topics, such as lifestyle shifts and emerging health concerns that have developed as a result of rapid urbanization and globalization. My research will primarily focus on how these issues have impacted women. Women, in their roles as wives and mothers, largely control the domestic sphere, central to which is food; thus, they are the primary determiners of their respective “household nutritional status,” as they are responsible for providing food for, as well as shaping the dietary choices of, their husbands and children.
I also argue that recent processes of globalization have transformed the food consumption culture of India’s urban middle and upper classes. Following the liberalization of India’s economy in 1991 that resulted in the global integration of international food trade, India’s urban female populations are not only reconsidering what they eat, but when, where, and how they eat. Now, they are facing the repercussions of the food choices and corresponding lifestyle changes that they have made irrespective of the increasing health problems and associated risks.
Consequently, India’s urban youth has also begun to reevaluate their consumption habits as a result of globalization processes catalyzed by India’s economic liberalization. These changes in consumption habits have resulted in the emergence of a distinct “youth culture,” in which India’s younger generations are challenging traditional practices and attitudes that older generations have made regarding food and lifestyle choices, with the influence of media at the forefront.
India has undergone a nutrition transition, but at what cost to consumer health and well–being, specifically affluent? This thesis will examine how globalization has led to an emerging consumer, specifically affluent urban females significantly impacted by both the introduction of new technologies and the process of globalization that is affecting cultures around the world.
20
Kossarova, Lucia. "Assessing the performance of the Slovak and the Czech health systems : a case study examining the double transition and beyond." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/890/.
Анотація:
Measuring health system performance is essential for improving health and quality of care. It is relevant in any context, but especially in countries whose health care systems have undergone major changes. The 1989 transition from communism to democracy in Czechoslovakia followed by the 1993 split into two independent countries (the Czech Republic and Slovakia) have been studied extensively but little research has addressed the effects of these events on health and the quality of care provided. The overarching objective of this thesis is to examine pre- and post-transition health system performance at three levels: i) overall health and well-being, ii) quality of the health care system, and iii) quality of outpatient care. This is a policy piece intended to demonstrate the usefulness of various performance indicators, while applying a range of quantitative methods from different disciplines to unique datasets. The macro level findings suggest that the transition was not detrimental to overall health and wellbeing in neither of the two countries as demonstrated by a small continued height increase. Slovakia showed a larger capacity to benefit from the transition. The overall quality of the health care systems is measured by ‘avoidable’ mortality and also shows improvements. For some ‘avoidable’ mortality conditions Slovakia continues to lag behind the Czech Republic, while for others it outperforms its neighbour. The thesis also provides evidence on the absence of a significant relationship between health care inputs and ‘avoidable’ mortality. Finally, the assessment of the quality of outpatient care in Slovakia, using preventable hospitalisations and selected processes of care, shows that inappropriate care may be provided for asthma and diabetes. The findings also indicate a link between appropriate and inappropriate care and preventable hospitalisations. Overall, the results of this thesis provide the basis for policy makers to better understand the changes in health outcomes and quality of care in these two settings but also to inform future quality improvement efforts.
21
Robert, Emilien. "Evolution des masques en lithographie optique : étude et application des masques à transition de phase." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0063.
Анотація:
La réduction de la taille élémentaire des motifs imprimable par procédé lithographique a été obtenue par le passé par la réduction de la longueur d'onde d'exposition combinée avec une augmentation de l'ouverture numérique. Cependant, les évolutions des outils lithographiques ont été dépassées par la course effrénée à la miniaturisation des circuits intégrés obligeant ainsi les lithographes à imprimer des motifs sub-longueur d'onde. Parallèlement, le coût des outils lithographiques s'est accru de manière exponentielle. Ainsi, les lithographes sont amenés à utiliser pleinement les capacités des outils lithographiques en repoussant sans cesse les limites d'impressions. Une des solutions envisagées depuis une dizaine d'années est l'évolution des masques permettant ainsi aux lithographes de moduler le faisceau lumineux incident non plus seulement en amplitude mais aussi en phase. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse se concentre essentiellement sur l'étude des masques à décalage de phase de type atténué à 100% de transmission. Au travers d'une approche théorique confIrmée par des expositions sur plaquette nous avons évalué le gain des performances acquises par l'utilisation de ces masques pour des lignes denses ainsi que l'ajout de techniques de double expositionThe reduction of the dimensions is generally achieved with a shorter exposure wavelength combined with a larger numerical aperture. But the acceleration of the integrated circuit miniaturisation has passed over the scanners' improvement and so has challenged lithographers to push over the opticallithography limits by resolving the structure below the exposure wavelength. At the same time, the scanners' cost has exponentionaly increased. Therefore lithographers tend to use to there full extent lithographic tools, surpassing the printing limits. One of the solutions considered for the past ten years is the mask evolution allowing lithographers to control not only the amplitude but also the phase of the incident beam. Ln this context, the purpose of this thesis is essentially focused on the study of the 100% attenuated phase shift mask. Through a theoretical approach, confmned by wafers exposures, we evaluated the enhancement due to the use of these masks for dense lines but also the challenges caused by the use of double exposure
22
Vaezghasemi, Masoud. "Nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition in Indonesia : a mixed method approach exploring social and contextual determinants of malnutrition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130552.
Анотація:
Introduction Nutrition transition concerns the broad changes in the human diet that have occurred over time and space. In low- to middle-income countries such as Indonesia, nutrient transition describes shifts from traditional diets high in cereal and fibre towards Western pattern diets high in sugars, fat, and animal-source foods. This causes a swift increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity while undernutrition remains a great public health concern. Thus a double burden of malnutrition occurs in the population. The main aim of this investigation was to explore social and contextual determinants of malnutrition in Indonesia. The specific objectives were: (i) to examine body mass index (BMI) changes at the population level, and between and within socioeconomic groups; (ii) to estimate which context (i.e., household or district) has a greater effect on the variation of BMI; (iii) to assess the prevalence of double burden households (defined as the coexistence of underweight and overweight individuals residing in the same household) and its variation among communities as well as its determining factors; and (iv) to explore and understand what contributes to a double burden of malnutrition within a household by focusing on gender relations. Methods A mixed method approach was adopted in this study. For the quantitative analyses, nationally representative repeated cross-sectional survey data from four Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS; 1993, 1997, 2000, 2007) were used. The IFLS contains information about individual-level, household-level and area-level characteristics. The analyses covered single and multilevel regressions. Data for the qualitative component were collected from sixteen focus group discussions conducted in Central Java and in the capital city Jakarta among 123 rural and urban men and women. Connell’s relational theory of gender and Charmaz’s constructive grounded theory were used to analyse the qualitative data. Results Greater increases in BMI were observed at higher percentiles compared to the segment of the population at lower percentiles. While inequalities in mean BMI decreased between socioeconomic groups, within group dispersion increased over time. Households were identified as an important social context in which the variation of BMI increased over time. Ignoring the household level did not change the relative variance contribution of districts on BMI in the contextual analysis. Approximately one-fifth of all households exhibited a double burden of malnutrition. Living in households with a higher socioeconomic status resulted in higher odds of double burden of malnutrition with the exception of women-headed households and communities with high social capital. The qualitative analysis resulted in the construction of three categories: capturing the significance of gendered power relations, the emerging obesogenic environment, and generational relations for child malnutrition. Conclusion At the population level, greater increases in within-group inequalities imply that growing inequalities in BMI were not merely driven by socioeconomic factors. This suggests that other under-recognised social and contextual factors may have a greater effect on the variation in BMI. At the contextual level, recognition of increased variation among households is important for creating strategies that respond to the differential needs of individuals within the same household. At the household level, women’s empowerment and community social capital should be promoted to reduce inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition across different socioeconomic groups. Ultimately community health and nutrition programmes will need to address gender empowerment and engage men in the fight against the emerging obesogenic environment and increased malnutrition that is evident within households, especially overweight and obesity among children.
23
Njomo, Njagi. "Synthesis of sulphonated and transition metal oxide doped polymeric nanocomposites for application in design of supercapacitors." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5429.
Анотація:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDTo meet a fast-growing market demand for next generation portable electronic devices with higher performance and increased device functionalities, efficient electrical energy devices with substantially higher energy, power densities and faster recharge times such as supercapacitors are needed. The overall aim of this thesis was to synthesize nanostructured sulphonated polyaniline and transition metal single, binary and ternary mixed oxide doped nanocomposites with electro-conductive properties. These nanocomposites were anchored on activated graphitic carbon and used in design of asymmetric supercapacitors. Tantalum(IV)oxide, tantalum(IV)oxide-nickel(II)oxide, tantalum(II)oxide-manganese(III)oxide, tantalum(II)oxide-nickel(II)oxide-manganese(II,III)oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using modified sol-gel methods. These were then dispersed, individually, in acidic media through sonication and incorporated in-situ into the polymeric matrix during the oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline doped with poly(4-styrene sulphonic acid). These novel polymeric nanocomposites were characterised with FTIR, UV-visible, TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD to ascertain successful polymerization, doping, morphology and entrapment of the metal oxide nanoparticles. SECM approach curves and interrogation of CV revealed that these nanocomposites are conductive and electro-active. The cells showed good supercapacitor characteristics with high specific capacitances of 170.5 Fg⁻¹ in TaO₂- PANi-PSSA, 166.1 Fg⁻¹ in TaO₂-NiO-PANi-PSSA, 248.4 Fg-1 in TaO-Mn₂O₃-PANi- PSSA and 119.6 Fg⁻¹ in TaO-NiO-Mn₃O₄-PANi-PSSA. Their corresponding energy densities were calculated as 245.5 Whg⁻¹, 179.4 Whg⁻¹, 357.7 Whg⁻¹ and 172.3 Whg⁻¹ respectively. They also gave respective power densities of 0.50 Whg⁻¹, 0.61 Whg⁻¹, 0.57 Whg⁻¹ and 0.65 Whg⁻¹ and showed good coulombic efficiencies ranging between 77.97% and 83.19%. These materials are found to have a long cycle life and therefore good electrode materials for constructing supercapacitor cells.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
24
Fabry, Adam. "The political economy of neoliberal transformation in Hungary : from the 'transition' of the 1980s to the current crisis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10662.
Анотація:
This thesis provides an original contribution to ongoing debates within scholarly Political Economy and Area Studies literatures on the (neoliberal) transformation of the Hungarian political economy. Within this literature, the ‘transition’ to a (free) market economy and democracy is commonly dated to the annus mirabilis of 1989. The development of the Hungarian political economy since then has widely been considered as a ‘success story’ of (neoliberal) transformation and presented as model to be emulated by other countries in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere in the world. This thesis challenges this consensus. Drawing on central concepts in Marxist political economy, in particular state capitalism theory, and primary sources in Hungary, we argue that neoliberalism was not simply an ‘imported project’, which arrived ‘from the West’ on eve of the regime change in 1989. Rather, it emerged ‘organically’ in Hungarian society in the 1980s, as a response by domestic political and economic elites to the deepening economic and political crisis of the Kádár regime. The essential aim of the ‘neoliberal turn’ was thus to reconfigure the Hungarian political economy in line with exigencies of the capitalist world economy, while at the same time ensuring that the ‘transition’ went as smoothly as possible. As such, while at one level obviously a repudiation of past policy, policymakers in Budapest pursued the same objectives as central planners under ‘actually existing socialism’. For much of the 1990s and the early 2000s, this Faustian bargain proved relatively successful, as the Hungarian political economy became a model of (neoliberal) transformation in the region. However, since the mid-2000s, the inherent contradictions and limitations of Hungary’s neoliberal regime of accumulation have become increasingly evident. This has been confirmed by events since the onset of the global economic crisis, as Hungary has rapidly moved from being an erstwhile ‘poster boy’ of (neoliberal) transformation to a ‘basket case'.
25
Saldanha, Vicente Henrique Brückmann. "A poet with a painter's eye : aspects of devotion and desire in Dante Gabriel Rossetti's double works." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143629.
Анотація:
A presente tese visa analisar um grupo específico de poemas de Dante Gabriel Rossetti (os chamados poemas de imagens), e pinturas e gravuras de sua autoria, a fim de mostrar como a ligação entre desejo físico e devoção espiritual ilustra a expressão de Rossetti como artista, e como ela ajuda a colocá-lo como uma figura de transição no sistema literário britânico. O desejo físico e a devoção espiritual são duas forças antagônicas que ocupam um espaço predominante na literatura e na imaginação vitoriana, e na obra de Rossetti temos o momento em que a Poesia Romântica Inglesa converge para o Modernismo experimental britânico. A tese deste estudo, portanto, é de que trabalhando com essas duas forças, Rossetti tornou-se um precursor do Modernismo na Grã-Bretanha. Este trabalho investiga, desse modo, como a tensão vitoriana entre devoção espiritual e desejo erótico é representada em pinturas de Rossetti, como as suas vozes poéticas lidam com estas questões, e que soluções são criadas nas obras do poeta-pintor. Para alcançar os objetivos acima, esta tese relata uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a interação entre poesia e pintura e uma análise, de cunho psicanalítico, de obras pictóricas e poéticas de Rossetti. O primeiro capítulo apresenta um histórico da discussão sobre a relação entre poesia e pintura e um resumo dos conceitos freudianos a serem utilizados na análise. O segundo capítulo faz uma revisão da fortuna crítica de Rossetti e dos movimentos artísticos e literários aos quais ele é associado. O terceiro capítulo analisa um grupo das “obras duplas” de Rossetti (i.e., quadros e poemas), identificando como são construídas as imagens de devoção e desejo, e como elas se inter-relacionam. A conclusão estabelece a contribuição da obra poética e pictórica de Rossetti para o desenvolvimento dos sistemas literário e artístico britânico, à luz da relação dinâmica entre os aspectos de devoção e desejo presentes na sua obra, e analisa seu papel no cenário vitoriano. Apresenta também o papel de Rossetti na transição do Romantismo ao Modernismo britânico. A tese contém também dois apêndices: a) uma cronologia de fatos relevantes da vida de Rossetti e das obras aqui estudadas, e b) as “obras duplas” analisadas neste trabalho.This dissertation analyzes a specific group of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s poems (the so-called picture poems) and pictures, in order to show how the connection between physical desire and spiritual devotion illustrates Rossetti’s expression as an artist, and how it helps to place him as a figure of transition in the British literary system. Physical desire and spiritual devotion are two antagonistic forces which occupy a predominant space in Victorian literature and imagination, and in Rossetti’s work we have the moment in which Romantic English Poetry melts into experimental British Modernism. The thesis of this study, therefore, is that by working with those two forces, Rossetti became a precursor of Modernism in Britain. This dissertation thus investigates how the Victorian tension between spiritual devotion and erotic desire is represented in Rossetti’s paintings and drawings, how the speakers in his poems deal with these issues, and what solutions are created in Rossetti’s works. In order to reach the objectives above, this dissertation comprises a bibliographical review of the relationship between poetry and painting, and a psychoanalytical analysis of pictorial and poetic works by Rossetti. The first chapter presents a historical account of the discussion on the relationship between poetry and painting, as well as a summary of the Freudian concepts to be used in the analysis. The second chapter reviews Rossetti’s critical fortune and presents the artistic and literary movements with which he is associated. The third chapter analyses a set of Rossetti’s double works (i.e. pictures and poems), identifying how the images of devotion and desire are built and how they interrelate within the works. The dissertation conclusion establishes the contribution of Rossetti’s poetic and pictorial works to the development of the British literary and artistic systems in light of the dynamic relationship between the aspects of devotion and desire in his work, and analyses his role in the Victorian scenario. Rossetti’s role in the development from British Romanticism to Modernism is also presented. The dissertation has two appendixes: a) a chronology of relevant events in Rossetti’s life associated with the works studied here, and b) the double works analyzed in this dissertation.
26
Sasaki, Shinji. "A bifurcation phenomenon of Stokes curves around a double turning point, and influence of virtual turning points upon the transition probabilities for three-level systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215284.
27
Pichon, Luc. "Croissance par pulvérisation réactive à double faisceau d'ions et par traitement thermique en plasma d'ammoniac de nitrures de zirconium métalliques et semi-transparents ; caractérisations optiques et structurales." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2259.
28
Papadopoulos, Konstantinos. "Investigation of magnetic order in nickel-5d transition metal systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-383009.
Анотація:
Double perovskite materials exhibit alterations in magnetic order through manipulation oftheir crystal structure. Certain ultra thin metallic bilayers can create an exotic magnetic stateof confined spin textures called skyrmions. In both cases, new atomic arrangements leadto new electrical and magnetic properties. The following work comprises two studies, bothof which examine the magnetic properties of transition metals in either powder or thin filmsamples. The first part is dedicated to a series of muon spin rotation and relaxation (muSR)experiments on a LaSrNiReO6, double perovskite, powder sample. In the muSR technique, aspin polarized muon beam is focused onto a powder envelope in low pressure and temperatureconditions. The spins of the implanted muons evolve depending on the intrinsic or externallyapplied magnetic field according to Larmor precession. The measurement is based onthe detection of decay positrons that carry this precession information on their preferreddecay directions. Measurements that were realized in wTF, ZF and LF setups, reveal asecond transition to magnetic order at Tc ≃ 22K, below a transition that was observed at T =261K from magnetic susceptibility measurements. The experimental results point to threemagnetic phases, paramagnetic for T > 261K, dilute ferrimagnetic for 22 < T < 261K and amagnetically ordered state for T < 22K, that may implicate ferro- and antiferromagnetismfrom Ni sublattices and Ni-Re interactions. The second part follows an attempt to produce and characterize ultra thin bilayer filmsfor the observation of interfacial chiral structures and skyrmions. Co/Fe/MgO (100) andW/Ni/Cu (100) bilayers were grown with magnetron sputter deposition in various layerthicknesses and their structure was determined by X-ray reflectometry (XRR). The XRRscans presented a relatively thick-layered Co/Fe/MgO film, while extremely thin and roughW/Ni/Cu bilayers, for the purposes of studying films with broken interfacial inversionsymmetry. This study was concluded with indicative magneto-transport measurements thatalso point to the reconfiguration of the growth procedure.
29
Adam, Safia. "Etude des conformations secondaires d'ADN synthétiques pas spectrométrie optique." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132001.
30
Ducos, Franck. "Développement d'une chaîne de synthèse de fréquences optiques : application a la mesure de la fréquence absolue d'un laser nd : yag double en fréquence et stabilisé sur une transition de l'iode." Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0401.
Анотація:
L'objet de ce travail de thèse est le développement d'une chaîne de synthèse de fréquences optiques en vue de mesurer la fréquence d'un laser nd : yag double en fréquence et stabilise sur une transition de l'iode a 563. 2 thz/532 nm. La mesure est basée sur l'utilisation de deux étalons secondaires de fréquence optique co 2/oso 4 et dl/rb opérant a 29 thz/10. 3 m et 385 thz/778 nm respectivement ; ces deux étalons ayant une exactitude de 1. 3 x 10 1 3 (4hz) et 5 x 10 - 1 2 (2 khz). Cette dernière valeur représente l'incertitude ultime du dispositif de mesure que nous avons développé. Nous utilisons deux diodes lasers opérant à 1. 064 m et 1. 551 m respectivement. La différence de fréquences entre ces deux diodes est comparée à l'harmonique 3 de la fréquence de l'étalon co 2/oso 4. Deux doublages de fréquence indépendants permettent de relier ces deux diodes laser aux deux étalons dl/rb et nd : yag/i 2. Des problèmes liés à l'élargissement de battements optiques n'ont pas permis de donner un résultat concluant sur la valeur de cette fréquence. Nous avons donc eu recours a un laser femtoseconde couplé à une fibre en silice à bande interdite photonique. Finalement, la fréquence du laser nd : yag/i 2 ainsi mesurée est : v(nd : yag/i 2) = 563 260 223 511. 6 (1. 2) khz ce résultat est en bon accord avec la recommandation du bureau international des poids et mesures (bipm).
31
Vallejo, Castaneda Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'ordre de spins, de charge et effets structuraux dans le modèle de double-échange : chaîne linéaire, échelles de spins et manganites." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086637.
Анотація:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'étude de l'ordre de spins classiques localisés couplés à des électrons itinérants par un modèle de double échange de Zener. La tendance au ferromagnétisme due au mouvement électronique est contrecarrée par la compétition avec des interactions de super-échange antiferromagnétiques, ce qui conduit à une variété de structures magnétiques complexes. Nous étudions tout d'abord le modèle à une dimension en fonction de la densité électronique, et montrons qu'une phase de « polarons » ferromagnétiques, chaque polaron contenant seulement trois spins, existe dans une grande partie du diagramme de phase même à faible densité. La tendance vers une séparation de phases est étudiée en détail. Dans une deuxième partie nous considérons l'ordre de spins dans les échelles de spins à trois montants présentes dans la structure de la ludwigite de Fe : Fe(3)O(2)BO(3). Nous examinons la relation entre l'ordre magnétique, l'ordre de charge et l'instabilité structurale observée dans ce système. Finalement, nous abordons la controverse entre l'ordre de charge et l'ordre de « polarons de Zener » dans la manganite La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3). Nous montrons que ces deux types d'ordre sont exclusifs, sauf pour une gamme extrêmement réduite des paramètres.
32
Salama, Farid. "Etude de la photoexcitation dans l'ultra-violet lointain des halogènes piégés en matrice de gaz rare à basse température et étude de leur ionisation simple et double par impact protonique en phase gazeuse." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066213.
Анотація:
I. Etude des mécanismes de relaxation mis en jeu dans Cl2, Br2, I2 isolés en matrice, après excitation en UV proche ou lointain : émission structurée (transitions vibroniques) pour Cl2en UV proche et transitions électroniques avec interaction Rydberg-Valence en UV lointain; émission dans le visible pour Br2 et I2 quelle que soit l'énergie d'excitation; étude théorique des processus de relaxation. II. Observation d'ions moléculaires simplement ou doublement chargés, formés par échange de charge simple ou double étudié par spectrométrie de translation; analyse des règles de sélection : conservation du spin et observation des seuls états singlets pour Cl2, influence croissante du couplage spin-orbite lorsqu'on passe de Cl2, à Br2 puis I2.
33
Garcia, Rodriguez Daniel. "Optimisation d'un code de dynamique des dislocations pour l'étude de la plasticité des aciers ferritiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI075/document.
Анотація:
Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent au sein d’une démarche multi-échelles visant à améliorer lacompréhension de la fragilisation par l’irradiation de l’acier de cuve. Dans ce cadre, nous nousintéressons à la description de la mobilité des dislocations dans la ferrite, l’une des entrées clépour les codes de dynamique de dislocations (DD). Nous présentons ainsi une revuebibliographique exhaustive des différentes théories et expressions de la mobilité, à partir delaquelle nous proposons une nouvelle expression pour les dislocations vis. Cette loi, utilisablepour la première fois dans le régime de transition ductile-fragile, permet de reproduire lesprincipales observations expérimentales disponibles à ce niveau. Finalement, nous montronsles améliorations apportées au code de DD Tridis BCC 2.0, qui intègrent la nouvelle loi demobilité avec une nouvelle gestion des segments de dislocation permettant de stabiliser etaccélérer des simulations complexes avec prise en compte du glissement déviéThe present work is part of a larger multi-scale effort aiming to increase knowledge of thephysical phenomena underneath reactor pressure vessel irradiation embrittlement. Withinthis framework, we focused on the description of dislocation mobility in BCC iron, which is oneof the key inputs to dislocation dynamics (DD) simulation codes. An extensive bibliographicreview shows that none of the available expressions can deal with the ductile-fragile transitiondomain of interest. Here, a new screw mobility law able to reproduce the main experimentalobservations is introduced building on the previous models. The aforementioned law is usedtogether with an improved dislocations dynamics code Tridis BCC 2.0, featuring bothperformance and dislocations segments interaction management enhancements, that allowsfor complex DD simulations of BCC iron structures with cross-slip
34
Santana, Vinicius Tadeu. "Ressonância paramagnética eletrônica em sistemas antiferromagnéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-05012017-105306/.
Анотація:
Neste trabalho, dois óxidos de metal de transição com ordem magnética de longo alcance e uma polianilina dopada com plastificante foram estudados através da técnica de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica. O sistema multiferróico óxido de bismuto-manganês, BiMn2O5, foi estudado em sua forma policristalina. Este material apresenta modos de ressonância antiferromagnética que foram identificados a partir de medidas multifrequência em altos campos magnéticos. Estes dados foram ajustados segundo a teoria de Yosida e Nagamiya da ressonância antiferromagnética para obtenção das constantes macroscópicas de anisotropia magnética K1=7.0 x 108 emu Oe mol1 e K2=3.9 x 108 emu Oe mol1, a partir das quais uma estimativa da constate de anisotropia microscópica foi determinada. A caracterização destas grandezas pode ser importante para trabalhos futuros, uma vez que a anisotropia magnética é considerada uma das causas da magnetoelasticidade que dá origem a ferroeletricidade neste material. A ludwigita homometálica de ferro, Fe3O2BO3, foi estudada em sua forma monocristalina. Este óxido de ferro possui uma estrutura com duas sub-redes de ferro praticamente independentes, que se ordenam magneticamente em temperaturas distintas, além de apresentar correlações eletrônicas desde temperatura ambiente. A existência dessas correlações numa dessas estruturas, conhecida como \"escada de três pernas\", foi demonstrada através do espectro de RPE associado com a existência de dímeros Fe3+-Fe2+ nessa estrutura, desde temperatura ambiente até baixas temperaturas. Mostrou-se que os dímeros formam um estado antiferromagneticamente acoplado sujeito a interação de troca dupla, estimando valores da integral de transferência de carga b. Medidas de RPE em filmes automontados de polianilinas dopadas com plastificantes sugerem a população e despopulação de um estado tripleto a partir dos parâmetros dos espectros em função da temperatura, típica de dímeros de spin 1. Diferenças nos parâmetros com ciclagens térmicas sugere o congelamento da estrutura em diferentes estados condizente com a existência de termocromismo nesses polímeros. Enfim, demonstrou-se a relevância da técnica de espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica na caracterização de sistemas sujeitos a interação de troca antiferromagnética.In this work, two transition metal oxides presenting long range magnetic order and a plastdoped polyaniline were investigated via electron paramagnetic resonance. Polycrystalline samples of the multiferroic manganese oxide, BiMn2O5, showed antiferromagnetic resonance modes which were identified from high magnetic fields multi frequency electron paramagnetic resonance. These data were fitted according to Yosida and Nagamiya theory of antiferromagnetic resonance. The macroscopic constants of magnetic anisotropy K1=7.0 x 108 emu Oe mol1 and K2=3.9 x 108 emu Oe mol1 were obtained from this fitting and allowed for estimating the microscopic constant of anisotropy. Magnetic anisotropy may lead to magnetoelasticity, which is related to the ferroelectricity in this material. Thus, the characterization of this physical quantities may be useful to future research. Single crystals of a homometallic iron ludwigite, Fe3O2BO3, were investigated in its distinct magnetic phases. This system has two independent iron sub-lattices which order magnetically in two distinct temperatures, presenting electronic correlations from room temperature. Despite the broad and superposed lines in the EPR spectra, the presence of such correlations was demonstrated in one of these structures, which is known as three leg ladders (3LL). A dimer Fe3+-Fe2+ was identified at room temperature, showing an antiferromagnetically coupled state subjected to double exchange interactions. The charge transfer integral b was estimated. Temperature sweep EPR measurements in films of plastdoped polyanilines suggested the population and depopulation if a triplet state typical of spin 1 dimers. Differences in the parameters after thermal cycling suggested the freezing of the structure at different states in accordance to observed thermocromism in these polymers. In conclusion, the relevance of the EPR technique was demonstrated to the characterization of exchange coupled systems.
35
HELLER, LING NATHALIE, and Pierre Chartier. "Etude et realisation d'une cellule electrochimique a flux d'electrolyte et a double electrode. Applications a l'etude du mecanisme reactionnel de la reduction de l'oxygene sur differents oxydes mixtes de metaux de transition." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13107.
Анотація:
La reduction de l'oxygene est une reaction complexe; elle fait intervenir deux chemins reactionnels a deux ou quatre electrons pouvant se derouler simultanement. La technique employee pour etudier ce type de mecanisme est la cellule electrochimique a flux d'electrolyte et a double electrode (cfde). Dans ce type de dispositif hydrodynamique, la solution circule dans un canal ou sont fixees deux electrodes de travail: generatrice et collectrice. Les dimensions de la cellule sont fixees par les lois de l'hydrodynamique et par les limitations imposees par les problemes d'effets de bord. L'etude des facteurs hydrodynamiques et du comportement electrochimique de la cellule a montre que les caracteristiques geometriques de la cellule correspondent aux exigences necessaires au regime d'ecoulement laminaire. Le schema reactionnel de la reduction de l'oxygene considere est celui propose par wroblowa. Conformement a ce modele, nous avons etabli les equations permettant de determiner les constantes de vitesse relatives a la reduction directe (k#1) et a la reduction constituee de deux etapes avec formation de l'intermediaire peroxyde (k#2). Ces equations sont appliquees a la reduction de l'oxygene sur platine et sur les manganites de cuivre. Les resultats montrent que ce dispositif est utilisable pour detecter et quantifier l'espece intermediaire formee lors de la reaction. L'etude du mecanisme reactionnel de la reduction de l'oxygene est ensuite etudie sur les cobaltites mixtes et de nickelate de lanthane. L'utilisation de la cfde permet de determiner la quantite d'especes peroxydes formees pendant la reaction et les constantes cinetiques. De maniere independante, le nombre d'electrons echanges par molecule d'oxygene est determine en se basant sur les travaux de koutecky-levich. Finalement, nous comparons les differents oxydes etudies
36
Dagiliūtė, Renata. "Analysis of changes in eco-efficiency of production and consumption in Lithuania during the 1990 – 2006 year period." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20081229_085241-15856.
Анотація:
Sustainable production and consumption, as well as decoupling environmental impact from economy growth are one of the main goals for countries with transition economies. Lithuania, as other Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries experienced changes in political, social and economic life in relative short time after the collapse of Soviet Union. Because of an essentially reduced production, use of natural resources and environmental pollution decreased respectively. However, present pronounced growth of transition countries and demand for better quality of life could lead to the increase in material and energy consumption. Such increase would have two implications: firstly, increasing pressure on the environment and health in enlarged EU and could outweigh achievements in Western Europe, and secondly, such increase could impede to reach foreseen objectives to decouple resource consumption from economic growth.
The aim of the research was to analyze the main trends of production and consumption and their environmental impact in Lithuania and to assess eco-efficiency of production and consumption and its main determinants.
Research on eco-efficiency and the course of decoupling of environmental impact from economy growth in Lithuania is relatively rare and is mostly based on energy issues or covers only one sector. In this study, the eco-efficiency of production and consumption in Lithuania is analyzed jointly for the first time. For the better interpretation of ongoing... [to full text]Darnios gamybos ir vartojimo siekimas, o tuo pačiu ir poveikio aplinkai atsiejimas nuo ekonomikos, yra vienas pagrindinių darnaus vystymosi tikslų pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims. Lietuva, kaip ir kitos posovietinės šalys, po Sovietų Sąjungos griūties paveldėjo imlų ištekliams ir neefektyvų ūkį. Ūkio restruktūrizavimas lėmė transformacinį ūkio nuosmukį ir jį sekusį išteklių naudojimo ir aplinkos teršimo sumažėjimą. Tačiau dabartinis spartus pereinamosios ekonomikos šalių, kurių dauguma jau tapo ES narėmis, augimas ir geresnės gyvenimo kokybės siekimas gali lemti didesnes medžiagų ir energijos sąnaudas, o tai savo ruožtu sąlygotų didėjantį poveikį aplinkai ir žmonių sveikatai išsiplėtusioje Europos Sąjungoje ir atsvertų kai kuriuos ES šalių senbuvių pasiekimus bei trukdytų pasiekti numatytus išteklių naudojimo atsiejimo nuo ekonomikos augimo tikslus. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti Lietuvos gamybos, vartojimo ir jų poveikio aplinkai kitimo tendencijas, ekologinio veiksmingumo pokyčius ir nustatyti jį lemiančius veiksnius. Ekologinio veiksmingumo bei poveikio aplinkai atsiejimo nuo ekonomikos augimo tyrimai Lietuvos mastu palyginti mažai vykdyti ir dažnai apsiriboja tik energetinių išteklių naudojimo veiksmingumo analize arba skirti tik atskiriems sektoriams. Darbe pateikiama dvigubo atsiejimo koncepcija, numatanti būtinybę atsieti gamtos išteklių naudojimą nuo ekonomikos augimo ir aplinkos teršimą nuo gamtos išteklių naudojimo bei sudaranti galimybes detaliau įvertinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
37
Dagiliūtė, Renata. "Ekologinio gamybos ir vartojimo veiksmingumo pokyčių Lietuvoje 1990 – 2006 m. analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20081229_091056-72251.
Анотація:
Darnios gamybos ir vartojimo siekimas, o tuo pačiu ir poveikio aplinkai atsiejimas nuo ekonomikos, yra vienas pagrindinių darnaus vystymosi tikslų pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims. Lietuva, kaip ir kitos posovietinės šalys, po Sovietų Sąjungos griūties paveldėjo imlų ištekliams ir neefektyvų ūkį. Ūkio restruktūrizavimas lėmė transformacinį ūkio nuosmukį ir jį sekusį išteklių naudojimo ir aplinkos teršimo sumažėjimą. Tačiau dabartinis spartus pereinamosios ekonomikos šalių, kurių dauguma jau tapo ES narėmis, augimas ir geresnės gyvenimo kokybės siekimas gali lemti didesnes medžiagų ir energijos sąnaudas bei poveikį žmonių sveikatai, o tai savo ruožtu sąlygotų didėjantį poveikį aplinkai išsiplėtusioje Europos Sąjungoje ir atsvertų kai kuriuos ES šalių senbuvių pasiekimus bei trukdytų pasiekti numatytus išteklių naudojimo atsiejimo nuo ekonomikos augimo tikslus.
Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti Lietuvos gamybos, vartojimo ir jų poveikio aplinkai kitimo tendencijas, ekologinio veiksmingumo pokyčius ir nustatyti jį lemiančius veiksnius.
Ekologinio veiksmingumo bei poveikio aplinkai atsiejimo nuo ekonomikos augimo tyrimai Lietuvos mastu palyginti mažai vykdyti ir dažnai apsiriboja tik energetinių išteklių naudojimo veiksmingumo analize arba skirti tik atskiriems sektoriams. Darbe pateikiama dvigubo atsiejimo koncepcija, numatanti būtinybę atsieti gamtos išteklių naudojimą nuo ekonomikos augimo ir aplinkos teršimą nuo gamtos išteklių naudojimo bei sudaranti galimybes detaliau įvertinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Sustainable production and consumption, as well as decoupling environmental impact from economy growth are one of the main goals for countries with transition economies. Lithuania, as other Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries experienced changes in political, social and economic life in relative short time after the collapse of Soviet Union. Because of an essentially reduced production, use of natural resources and environmental pollution decreased respectively. However, present pronounced growth of transition countries and demand for better quality of life could lead to the increase in material and energy consumption. Such increase would have two implications: firstly, increasing pressure on the environment in enlarged EU and could outweigh achievements in Western Europe, and secondly, such increase could impede to reach foreseen objectives to decouple resource consumption from economic growth. The aim of the research was to analyze the main trends of production and consumption and their environmental impact in Lithuania and to assess eco-efficiency of production and consumption and its main determinants. Research on eco-efficiency and the course of decoupling of environmental impact from economy growth in Lithuania is relatively rare and is mostly based on energy issues or covers only one sector. In this study, the eco-efficiency of production and consumption in Lithuania is analyzed jointly for the first time. For the better interpretation of ongoing... [to full text]
38
Akins, Robert Benjamin. "Dielectric investigation of double glass transitions in polymers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055878455.
39
Martinsen, Thor. "Refinement composition using doubly labeled transition graphs." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FMartinsen.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science and M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Dinolt, George ; Fredricksen, Harold. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.49-51). Also available in print.
40
Stoicoviciu, Tinis Livia. "Étude du comportement électrochimique de l'interface or-monocristallin-électrolyte aqueux de KPF6." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066304.
Анотація:
En étudiant des surfaces monocristallines d'or bien définies dans des conditions expérimentales rigoureuses, on a pu montrer que les anions PF6-, comme les cations K+, s'adsorbent faiblement à l'interface électrochimiquement étudiée. Cette adsorption rend le modèle de couche double sans adsorption inapplicable. Un modèle plus complet comprenant les variations de la charge due aux ions adsorbes en fonction de la charge sur le métal, donne une analyse plus satisfaisante des résultats expérimentaux, qui permet de discuter des variations de la capacité de la couche interne en fonction de la densité de charge sur le métal.
41
Abdellatif, Slama Soumaya. "L'adoption en Tunisie : vécu, pratiques et représentations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG035.
Анотація:
S’interroger sur l’adoption, dans un contexte d’évolution controversée des représentations de la parenté en Tunisie, oblige à s’attarder sur l'arrière plan social, culturel et juridique dans lequel elle s'inscrit. Le discours social sur l’adoption continue à promouvoir l’idée d’une bipartition de la parenté entre une parenté biologique, « de sang » ou « naturelle » et une parenté sociale, « affective »ou encore « du cœur ». A partir de témoignages de parents adoptifs et des adoptés, nous avons essayé de relever les différentes dimensions de l’épreuve d’adoption et des relations au sein de la parenté adoptive. L’étude des différents points soulevés permet d’emblée de questionner la place de la pluriparentalité à travers les pratiques et les représentations de la filiation adoptive dans un contexte socio-politique en mouvance. Elle permet en outre de déterminer le rapport entre la généalogie et la subjectivité dans le processus de la construction identitaireQuestioning adoption, in a context of a controversial evolution of the representations of parenthood in Tunisia, compels one to dwell upon the social, cultural and legal backgrounds where it belongs. Social discourse on adoption continues to promote the idea of a dichotomy of parenthood, divided between biological parenthood - "blood" or "natural" parenthood- and social parenthood - "emotional" or "heart-based" parenthood. Based on accounts of adoptive parents and adoptees, we tried to identify the different dimensions of the experience of adoption and of the relationships within the adoptive parenthood. In building a relationship of adoption, representations appear as a primary mediator. The study of the various points raised directly questions the role of multi parenting through the practices and representations of adoptive kinship in a socio-political movement. It also allows to determine the relationship between genealogy and subjectivity in the process of identity construction
42
Barbosa, César Augusto Sales. "Preparação e caracterização de hidróxidos duplos lamelares intercalados com espécies macrocíclicas metaladas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46134/tde-06102014-111441/.
Анотація:
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a síntese e caracterização de hidróxido duplo lamelar (HDL) do tipo hidrotalcita intercalado com metaloftalocianinas (CuPcTs e CoPcTs) e metaloporfirina (CoTPhsP) aniônicas. Como rota sintética, três métodos foram testados: (i) coprecipitação do hidróxido duplo em solução contendo o macrociclo; (ií) reconstituição estrutural da mistura de óxidos obtida pela decomposição térmica de HDL na forma carbonato e (ííi) decomposição térmica do carbonato intercalado empregando um meio contendo poliol. A influência do método de intercalação nas propriedades texturais do material e o efeito da imobilização dos macrociclos na região interlamelar foram avaliados através da caracterização textural (difração de raios-X e medidas de área superficial), espectroscópica (vibracional no infravermelho, eletrônica no UV/visível e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica) e das análises elementar (C, H, N e metais) e termogravimétrica. Avaliou-se a influência das propriedades texturais dos compósitos e do arranjo dos intercalados na reatividade e estabilidade dos macrociclos confinados no espaço interlamelar através da reação de decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. A síntese por coprecipitação dos hidróxidos duplos lamelares do tipo hidrotalcita mostrou-se eficiente para a obtenção de produtos puros e de alta cristal inidade. Entretanto, os materiais obtidos a partir da intercalação dos macrociclos nas matrizes de HDL através dos diferentes métodos sintéticos resultaram em sólidos com baixa cristalinidade. Os estudos mostraram que a obtenção de materiais contendo apenas uma fase é dependente do método de intercalação empregado. Os resultados de análise elementar indicaram um alto grau de intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs. Os espectros vibracionais no infravermelho apresentaram bandas que podem ser atribuídas à presença de íons carbonato no espaço interlamelar dos sistemas HDL-macrociclos. A incorporação completa do macrociclo foi observada para a CoPcTs intercalada no HDL via método da coprecipitação. Por outro lado, o método do poliol, utilizado para a intercalação da CuPcTs e CoPcTs, resultou em materiais com baixo grau de intercalação. A intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs foi confirmada através dos resultados obtidos por difração de raios-X, que indicaram um aumento substancial do espaçamento basal, que aumentou de aproximadamente 8A nas matrizes precursoras contendo CO32- para cerca de 23A nas matrizes contendo os macrociclos intercalados. As medidas de área superficial sugerem que não houve a formação de microporos nos HDLs incorporados com os macrociclos, pois estes não apresentaram valores de área superficial significativamente maior que os das matrizes de HDL na forma carbonato. A intercalação da CoPcTs e da CoTPhsP aumenta tanto a estabilidade térmica dos HDLs em relação à matriz com carbonato, quanto a dos próprios macrociclos. Em relação aos HDLs contendo a CuPcTs, observou-se comportamento térmico distinto. A intercalação da CuPcTs também aumenta a estabilidade térmica do HDL mas o confinamento do macrociclo provoca a sua decomposição em temperatura menor que aquela observada quando livre. Os espectros de absorção eletrônica mostraram que as metaloftalocianinas quando intercaladas nos HDLs apresentaram menor grau de agregação às espécies livres. Porém, os espectros de RPE indicaram que as espécies CuPcTs agregados são dominantes nas amostras intercaladas uma vez que apresentam apenas valor de g isotrópico (g=2,06). Os sistemas com a CoPcTs também apresentaram agregados mas em menor extensão que aqueles com os análogos de Cu(II). Com relação ao comportamento catalítico dos diferentes materiais sintetizados na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio, os três macrociclos estudados apresentaram comportamentos distintos. A CuPcTs suportada e intercalada no HDL não apresenta atividade catalásica embora a forma livre promova a dismutação do H2O2. Os materiais com a CoPcTs e CoTPhsP são mais ativos que o macrociclo livre na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. Os HDLs com a CoTPhsP são mais resistentes ao ataque oxidativo do peróxido de hidrogênio que a porfirina livre. As ftalocianinas metaladas em meio homogêneo ou heterogêneo não são degradadas pelo H202. Preparation and characterization of layered double hydroxides intercalated with macrocyclic metallated speciesThe aim of the present work is to synthesize and characterize layered double hydroxides (hydrotalcite-like compounds) intercalated with anionic metallophthalocyanines (CuPcTs and CoPcTs) and metalloporphyrin (CoTPhsP). Three preparative methods were tested to isolate the intercalated materiais: (i) double hydroxide coprecipitation in the presence of the macrocycle, (ii) structure reconstruction of the mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase containing volatile ion; (iii) thermal decomposition of carbonate-containing phase in a polyol media. The influence of the intercalation method in the material textural properties and the effect of the macrocycle immobilization in the interlayer region were evaluate through the textural characterization (x-ray diffraction analysis and surface area measurements), vibrational (IR) and electronic (UV-visible) spectroscopy, elementary analysis and thermogravimetry. The effect of the composites textural properties and the intercalated species arrangement in the LDH gallery was evaluate carrying out the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction. The LDHs preparation by coprecipitation was an efficient method to obtain pure and crystalline products. However the macrocycle intercalated materiais isolated by the three methods mentioned above were poorly crystallized phases. The experimental data also showed that the isolation of materiais containing only one phase depends on the synthetic approach. The extension of intercalated macrocycle species in LDHs was broad as judged by elementary analysis data. The IR vibrational spectra showed some bands that can be attributed to the presence of carbonate ions in the interlayer of LDH macrocycle systems. Material containing approximately 100% of macrocycle in the LDH gallery was isolated by the double hydroxide coprecipitation in a solution containing CoPcTs. On the other hand, polyol method rendered materiais with small amount of intercalated metallophthalocyanines. The macrocycle intercalation between LDHs layers was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction patterns: the basal spacing of the carbonate precursor (ca. 8A) increases to approximately 23A in the matrices intercalated with phthalocyanines or porphyrin. The surface area data suggested that the macrocycle intercalated solids do not have microporous owing to the fact that as the surface area values are not higher than that obtained for the LDH precursor. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP intercalation increases the thermal stability of HDLs in relation to the carbonate phase as much as the macrocycle stability. CuPcTs systems showed a particular behaviour: the thermal stability of LDH structure is increased but the phthalocyanine decomposition occurs in a lower temperature than that observed to the macrocycle free form. The electronic absorption spectra revealed a decrease in the metallophthalocyanine aggregation when the species are intercalated in LDHs However the EPR spectra showed only the isotropic g value (g=2.07) evidencing that the CuPcTs aggregated species are dominant in the LDH samples. CoPcTs systems are also aggregated but in a less extension than the Cu(lI) compound. The catalase-like activity of the intercalated materiais was distinct for each macrocycle system tested. CuPcTs intercalated or supported in LDHs is not active in the hydrogen peroxide dismutation in despite of the free form shows activity. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP materiais exhibit better catalytic performance than the free macrocycles. LDHs containing CoTPsP are more resistant to the oxidative attack of hydrogen peroxide than the free porphyrin. Metallophthalocyanines species in homogeneous or heterogeneous media are not degraded by H202.
43
Bibighaus, David L. "Applying doubly labeled transition systems to the refinement paradox." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10043.
Анотація:
Possibilistic Security Properties are widely used in the development of high-assurance security models. However, while a model may possess a security property, an implementation of the model is not guaranteed to possess the property. We argue that the choice of a framework, and its associated definition of refinement, is critical to ensure that an implementation maintains the security property. We show how to use the Doubly Labeled Transition Systems to reason about possibilistic security properties and refinement. We compare this framework to three other process algebras frameworks and show how our framework and security model preserves the security of the largest class of systems. As a consequence of this framework, we show how our security property links confidentiality to availability.
44
Fairley, Jason Thomas. "Induced linear representations for doubly transitive groups." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404812.
45
Bibighaus, David L. "Applying the doubly labeled transition system to the refinement paradox /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FBibighaus%5FPhD.pdf.
46
Garcia, rodriguez Daniel. "Optimisation d'un code de dynamique des dislocations pour l'étude de la plasticité des aciers ferritiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767178.
Анотація:
Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent au sein d'une démarche multi-échelles visant à améliorer lacompréhension de la fragilisation par l'irradiation de l'acier de cuve. Dans ce cadre, nous nousintéressons à la description de la mobilité des dislocations dans la ferrite, l'une des entrées clépour les codes de dynamique de dislocations (DD). Nous présentons ainsi une revuebibliographique exhaustive des différentes théories et expressions de la mobilité, à partir delaquelle nous proposons une nouvelle expression pour les dislocations vis. Cette loi, utilisablepour la première fois dans le régime de transition ductile-fragile, permet de reproduire lesprincipales observations expérimentales disponibles à ce niveau. Finalement, nous montronsles améliorations apportées au code de DD Tridis BCC 2.0, qui intègrent la nouvelle loi demobilité avec une nouvelle gestion des segments de dislocation permettant de stabiliser etaccélérer des simulations complexes avec prise en compte du glissement dévié.
47
Sastre, Javier M. "Efficient finite-state algorithms for the application of local grammars." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621249.
Анотація:
Notre travail porte sur le développement d'algorithmes performants d'application de grammaires locales, en prenant comme référence ceux des logiciels libres existants: l'analyseur syntaxique descendant d'Unitex et l'analyseur syntaxique à la Earley d'Outilex. Les grammaires locales sont un formalisme de représentation de la syntaxe des langues naturelles basé sur les automates finis. Les grammaires locales sont un modèle de construction de descriptions précises et à grande échelle de la syntaxe des langues naturelles par le biais de l'observation systématique et l'accumulation méthodique de données. L'adéquation des grammaires locales pour cette tâche a été testée à l'occasion de nombreux travaux. À cause de la nature ambiguë des langues naturelles et des propriétés des grammaires locales, les algorithmes classiques d'analyse syntaxique tels que LR, CYK et Tomita ne peuvent pas être utilisés dans le contexte de ce travail. Les analyseurs descendant et Earley sont des alternatives possibles, cependant, ils ont des coûts asymptotiques exponentiels pour le cas des grammaires locales. Nous avons d'abord conçu un algorithme d'application de grammaires locales avec un coût polynomial dans le pire des cas. Ensuite, nous avons conçu des structures de données performantes pour la représentation d'ensembles d'éléments et de séquences. Elles ont permis d'améliorer la vitesse de notre algorithme dans le cas général. Nous avons mis en oeuvre notre algorithme et ceux des systèmes Unitex et Outilex avec les mêmes outils afin de les tester dans les mêmes conditions. En outre, nous avons mis en oeuvre différentes versions de chaque algorithme en utilisant nos structures de données et algorithmes pour la représentation d'ensembles et ceux fournis par la Standard Template Library (STL) de GNU. Nous avons comparé les performances des différents algorithmes et de leurs variantes dans le cadre d'un projet industriel proposé par l'entreprise Telefónica I+D: augmenter la capacité de compréhension d'un agent conversationnel qui fournit des services en ligne, voire l'envoi de SMS à des téléphones portables ainsi que des jeux et d'autres contenus numériques. Les conversations avec l'agent sont en espagnol et passent par Windows Live Messenger. En dépit du domaine limité et de la simplicité des grammaires appliquées, les temps d'exécution de notre algorithme, couplé avec nos structures de données et algorithmes pour la représentation d'ensembles, ont été plus courts. Grâce au coût asymptotique amélioré, on peut s'attendre à des temps d'exécution significativement inférieurs par rapport aux algorithmes utilisés dans les systèmes Unitex et Outilex, pour le cas des grammaires complexes et à large couverture.
48
Brodbeck, Claude. "Transitions doubles induites par collisions dans des mélanges gazeux comprimés." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603467g.
49
Brodbeck, Claude. "Transitions doubles induites par collisions dans des melanges gazeux comprimes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066285.
Анотація:
Etude des transitions doubles (simultanees) correspondant a l'absorption d'un seul photon par deux molecules en interaction pour les systemes gazeux comprimes : h::(2) + cf::(4) ou sf::(6), o::(2) ou n::(2) + sf::(6), n::(2) + co::(2). Determination de coefficients d'absorption binaire integres et des profils normalises que l'on compare aux valeurs theoriques calculees en utilisant le moment dipolaire induit et l'intensite de la transition induite en fonction des regles de selection sur les nombres quantiques. Choix des differents parametres caracterisant les deux molecules et leur potentiel d'interaction considere comme isotrope. Mise en evidence du caractere essentiellement binaire des collisions, meme pour des densites de 100 amagat. Variation de la frequence du maximum d'absorption de la transition simultanee avec la densite. Analyse des profils des bandes simultanees a partir de la dynamique de l'interaction : verification du caractere translationnel sauf pour le melange n::(2) + co::(2) pour lequel on applique un modele semi-empirique a deux parametres
50
Fromholz, Pierre. "Etude des phases topologiques de type Haldane par l'intermédiaire d'un système de fermions alcalno-terreux ultrafroids de type double-puits." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0976/document.
Анотація:
Les phases topologiques sont des phases qui existent au delà du paradigme de Ginzburg-Landau qui dominait jusqu’à présent la compréhension des phases et transitions de phases qui apparaissent dans les systèmes de matière condensée. Des exemples paradigmatiques ont été créés pour établir un nouveau socle théorique qui rend compte de cet aspect topologique. La phase de Haldane de spin 1 est l’exemple souvent retenu pour les systèmes unidimensionnels.La présente thèse propose d’étudier cette phase et de lui trouver des généralisations en se concentrant sur l’étude d’un moyen de l’implémenter expérimentalement à l’aide d’atomes alcalino-terreux fermioniques ultra-froids qui présentent la symétrie SU(N). Le modèle qui explique cette expérience, dit de double-puits car il décrit un réseau de deux chaînes en interactions, est analysé dans son régime de couplage faible, de couplage fort et par l’outil numérique. Au demi-remplissage, et dans le régime où les répulsions entre particules au sein d’un même puits, et entre puits qui se font face, sont importantes, une phase topologiqueprotégée par la symétrie de type Haldane est systématiquement attendue pour tout N, dont la phase "chirale" Haldane. Le modèle effectif obtenu lorsque N Æ 3, l’échelle de spin 3-3bar (à deux chaînes de spins, l’une dans la représentation fondamentale de SU(3), l’autre dans sa représentation conjuguée), y est détailléeTopological phases exist beyond the standard Ginzburg-Landau paradigmthat dominated the understanding of phases and phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Paradigmatic examples have been derived to establish a new theoretical basis that takes into consideration these topological aspects. The spin 1 Haldane phase is one of them for the unidimensional case. The present thesis aims to study this phase as well as its suggested generalizations by focusing on a way to implement them experimentally using ultracold fermionic alkaline-earth atoms, that involve an internal SU(N) symmetry. The model describing the experiment is called the double-well model and depicts a lattice of two interacting chains. The model is analysed at weak coupling, strong coupling and using a numerical tool. At half-filling and inthe regime of srong repulsions between particles in the same well as well as two facing wells, a Haldane-like symmetry-protected topological phase is systematically expected for all N, including the "chiral" Haldane phase. The effective model obtained when N Æ 3 is the 3-3bar ladder model (describing two spin chains, one in the fondamental representation of SU(N), and the other in its conjuguate) and is particulary explored