Статті в журналах: "Drawing tools"

1

Spinellis, Diomidis. "Drawing Tools." IEEE Software 26, no. 3 (May 2009): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2009.63.

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2

Sandberg, Kay A. "Chemical Drawing Tools." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 11 (November 2006): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p1601.2.

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3

Niestorowicz, Ewa. "Reality in blind people’s drawings. Research procedures and tools." Special School LXXIX, no. 5 (December 30, 2018): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8553.

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The study presented in this article looks at how the phenomena of reality are constructed in totally blind people’s drawings. Analysis focuses on drawing skills and their development seen based on drawings made by people who have been blind since birth. Raised-line drawings made on a special drawing film for blind people were analyzed. The analysis covered: 1. Blind people’s cognitive abilities – the way they see phenomena. 2. Abilities and ways of presenting phenomena in drawings. 3. Determining stages in the development of drawing skills in blind children as compared to the development of drawing skills in sighted children. The study was motivated by the desire to answer the following questions: What similarities and differences are there in the process of drawing by people with disabilities and in their drawings? What esthetic features (content, form, uniqueness of presentation, manner of displaying emotions) do blind children’s drawings have? How are the phenomena of reality depicted in blind people’s drawings? What difficulties do blind people encounter in making a drawing on a two-dimensional surface? Does blind children’s artistic development take place in a similar way as sighted children’s artistic development? Are blind children at a similar level of artistic development as their sighted peers? I proposed a model of artistic creation that takes into consideration the content and form of drawings and the artist’s creativity and emotionalism which was used as a tool in the analysis. All aspects of the analysis refer to the stages of drawing development in sighted children proposed by: Stefan Szuman, Viktor Lowenfeld, W. Lambert Brittain, and Georges-Henri Luquet.

4

Heo, Young Moo, Jong Deok Kim, and Yong Jun Jeon. "Study on Friction Characteristics According to Drawing Variables in Press Drawing Process." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.440.

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Friction is generated between a press tool and a material during the inflow of material in an automotive press drawing process. Currently, there is deficienttechnical information on such tool-material friction properties. This study is accordingly aimed to understand friction characteristics by investigating them from drawing variables in the press deep-drawing process for steel plates of 590MPa grade and above that are recently being applied for the reduction of weight and improvement of safety of automobiles. The drawing variables in this study are blank holder holding pressure, drawing velocity, and tool surface treatment, which are tested and applied for stamping analysis. The results showed that for holding pressure and drawing velocity, friction coefficient decreases as holding pressure and drawing velocity increases. In case of friction properties according to tool surface treatment, friction coefficient is lower in surface-treated tools compared to non-surface-treated tools, which verifies the need for surface treatment when fabricating press tools. In addition, this study ascertained the need to have a stamping analysis that considered actual drawing variables when analyzingforming by verifying the results of drawing simulations after applying the experimented friction coefficient in the stamping analysis.

5

Christie, John, Mathew Reichertz, Bryan Maycock, and Raymond M. Klein. "To erase or not to erase, that is not the question: Drawing from observation in an analogue or digital environment." Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/adch_00023_1.

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Erasing when drawing occurs for a variety of reasons. While the most obvious may be correction of mistakes, at other times erasers are used to create such things as highlights or marks that introduce particular aesthetic elements. When a drawing is made on paper, partial erasure ‘marks’ can provide a useful record of a drawing’s evolution. For the teacher, this historical record can be a catalyst for helpful commentary and criticism. While programmed to simulate an analogue eraser, in a digital environment the erase function can eradicate a drawing’s history with a single click. We studied analogue and digital tool use behaviours (including erasing) to compare the frequency of erasure and the effect of erasing on observational accuracy in adults between the age of 17 and 64 with various levels of drawing experience from less than two years to more than ten years. The study involved participants making one drawing on paper with traditional drawing tools and one drawing on a digital drawing tablet. We then had the drawings rated for accuracy. Among other interesting results, we found that erasing occurs with greater frequency when participants work in a digital environment than in an analogue one and that, while there were significant tool use differences between the environments, those differences did not result in differences in the accuracy of final drawings indicating the adaptability of our participants using different means to achieve the same effect.

6

Bergweiler, Georg, Falko Fiedler, Ahsan Shaukat, and Bernd Löffler. "Experimental Investigation of Dimensional Precision of Deep Drawn Cups Using Direct Polymer Additive Tooling." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010003.

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While deep drawing of sheet metals is economical at high volumes, it can be very costly for manufacturing prototypes, mainly due to high tooling costs. Additively manufactured polymer tools have the potential to be more cost-efficient for small series, but they are softer and thus less resilient than conventional steel tools. This work aimed to study the dimensional precision of such tools using a standard cup geometry. Tools were printed with FFF using two different materials, PLA and CF-PA. A test series of 20 parts was drawn from each tool. Afterwards, the dimensional precisions of the drawn parts were analyzed using an optical measuring system. The achieved dimensional accuracy of the first drawn cup using the PLA toolset was 1.98 mm, which was further improved to 1.04 mm by altering shrinkage and springback allowances. The repeatability of the deep drawing process for the CF-reinforced PA tool was 0.17 mm during 20 drawing operations and better than that of the PLA tool (1.17 mm). To conclude, deep drawing of standard cups is doable using direct polymer additive tooling with a dimensional accuracy of 1.04 mm, which can be further improved by refining allowances incorporated to the CAD model being printed.

7

Muller, Nathan J. "Advanced drawing tools aid network planning." International Journal of Network Management 7, no. 6 (November 1997): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1190(199711/12)7:6<324::aid-nem265>3.0.co;2-0.

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8

Peng, Chengzhi. "Survey of collaborative drawing support tools." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 1, no. 3 (September 1992): 197–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00752438.

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9

Karaulov, A. G., T. G. Gal'chenko, N. M. Chudnova, E. B. Loenko, É. L. Karyakina, and A. I. Lobanov. "Zirconia-base ceramics for drawing tools." Refractories 37, no. 5 (May 1996): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02307360.

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10

Roach, John A. G., and Nancy M. Roach. "Use of Computer-Aided Design in the Preparation of Technical Manuscripts." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.746.

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Abstract Decreased computing costs and constantly improving capability are transforming microcomputers into general rather than specialized productivity tools. This has made it possible to increase personal productivity in ways that were not previously cost-effective. We are using computer-aided design (CAD) to prepare technical illustrations for chemical and geochemical manuscripts. CAD offers several advantages over hand-drawn illustrations. Chemical structures are stored in a library of shapes and may be combined or modified to form other structures in subsequent drawings. An original drawing only has to be drawn once with a computer. The drawing may then be scaled to any size and placed in a draft of a manuscript. Revisions require a fraction of the time needed to revise a drawing by hand. All or part of the drawing may be plotted to provide a sequence of drawings without changing the original drawing.

11

Quiñones, Gloria, Avis Ridgway, and Liang Li. "Collaborative drawing: A creative tool for examination of infant–toddler pedagogical practices." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 44, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939119855219.

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Evidence was gathered from an Australian long day care project ‘Educators of babies and toddlers; developing a culture of critical reflection’. A cultural–historical theoretical approach was sensitively interwoven with visual methodology. The innovative combination of visual methodology and cultural–historical theory involved the creation of three Collaborative Forums. The Collaborative Forums aimed for participants to collectively unravel their pedagogical knowledge. The visual methodology involved research tools such as video observations, images, collaborative drawings and group interview transcripts. The research tools of mapping promises and collaborative drawing provided opportunity to imagine and map educators’ pedagogical practices. The act of collaborative drawing was an improvised and imagined activity that strengthened understanding of the multiplicity of educators’ promises. The collaborative drawing elicited discussion that created an expansive collective agenda. Collaborative drawing offered an innovative research tool with ongoing capacity to generate expertise for imagining ideal practices for infant–toddler research. The findings suggest that collaborative drawing with educators is a creative and imaginative tool for expanding the infant–toddler research agenda.

12

Kim, Inhan, Yongha Lee, Choong-Hee Han, Gutaek Kim, and Jungsik Choi. "Validation of Support for Creation of License Drawings Using Application for openBIM-Based Automatic Generation of 2D Drawings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186470.

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In the preparation of drawings and documents required for a licensing process, the main problem is the duplication of work in creating design drawings and Building Information Modeling (BIM) models. To overcome this problem, BIM authoring tools provide a drawing generation function. However, it is difficult to use it in a construction project involving multiple actors using different authoring tools for each design actor. Owing to these problems, the drawing generation program, which is based the on the industry foundation classes (IFC) concept is not limited to the authoring tools used in the project, and it is intended to minimize duplication by outputting drawings in dwg and pdf formats. In this study, the IFC data structure required for generating drawings was analyzed and drawing elements on the basis of the shape and attribute information, certain drawing elements were output as 3D scenes in order to obtain detailed plan, elevation, cross-section, and structural drawings, which are required for an IFC-based licensing process. In addition, 2D drawings were generated through post-processing for obtaining drawing-level outputs. On the basis of BIM design guidelines, it was found that the information required in license drawings can be minimized, and the license licensing process can be based on a separate BIM technology. In other words, based on the licensing environment in Korea, the effectiveness of the automatic 2D drawing generation program was verified through a comparative analysis on the basis of the drawings and information required by assuming that a specific set of drawing elements were required in the existing licensing process and for BIM-based licensing. Furthermore, it was examined whether books required in the licensing process can be replaced by a parking lot plan that can be submitted through a BIM-technology-based legality review system.

13

Sanatnama, Hamid, and Farshad Brahimi. "Graph Drawing Algorithms: Using in Software Tools." Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 15, 2010): 1894–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.1894.1901.

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14

Tofan, Daniel. "Drawing Chemical Equipment with Adobe Illustrator, Part 1: Basic Drawing and Selection Tools." Computing in Science & Engineering 10, no. 6 (November 2008): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2008.146.

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15

Sontakke, Yogesh Ashok, and Jakkula Akhil. "Changing Art of Anatomy Illustrations." Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 5, no. 3 (March 13, 2022): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i03.001.

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Anatomical illustrations have gradual changed since their inception. The pioneers of the field have initially used pencil drawings, followed by line illustrations, colored illustrations, two dimensional and three-dimensional illustrations, and it grew up to virtual reality. Recent studies have observed their benefit in teaching anatomy, especially for providing spatial orientation of various structures and complex topics such as middle ear, pterygopalatine fossa, where dissection cannot offer much comprehension. Drawing software such as Illustrator and Photoshop have revolutionized the image quality in anatomy textbooks. Adobe Illustrator comprises many useful tools to draw anatomical diagrams such as pen tool, pencil tool, paint brush tool, text tool. It has various paper sizes to choose and different formats of files to create vector-based images. The drawing hardware such as Wacom Cintiq, Apple iPad Pro with pencil enhances the experience with drawing software.

16

TAMAOKI, Kenji, Seiji KATAOKA, and Kouki MINAMOTO. "Dry Cylindrical Cup Drawing Using Electroconductive Ceramic Tools." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 48, no. 561 (2007): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.48.930.

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17

TAMAOKI, Kenji, Seiji KATAOKA, and Kouki MINAMOTO. "Dry Rectangular Cup Drawing Using Electroconductive Ceramic Tools." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 50, no. 577 (2009): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.50.124.

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18

Berndhäuser, Christoph, and Ulrich Lange. "Simulation Tools for Glass Forming Processes by Drawing." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.495.

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In glass manufacturing a variety of different forming processes is used to meet product requirements like shape and quality but also throughput and cost targets might influence the decision for the optimal forming process. Out of these variety one can select a group of forming processes that have in some respects similar forming principles but then also some very different physics. The present paper focuses on similarities and differences of drawing processes and its requirements to modeling.

19

Mukul, Ajay Jain, Mohit Chandra, and Prabhat Mahapatra. "An extensible and nested gesture for drawing tools." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 39, no. 5 (September 17, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2659118.2659133.

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20

Franzen, V., J. Witulski, A. Brosius, M. Trompeter, and A. E. Tekkaya. "Textured surfaces for deep drawing tools by rolling." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 50, no. 11 (November 2010): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2010.08.001.

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21

Wei, Deng Min, and Li Xiang Yang. "The Application of Computer Drawing Technology in Sport Drawing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2248.

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In this paper the author introduced the application of computer drawing technology in sport drawing, the function and the skill tips of usual drawing tools. Also the teaching organization chart and sport bogdy drawing were put into drawing in practice, which soled the difficulties in writing teaching plans and teaching in classes. In this way, the study difficulty was reduced, and the time spent on mastering an action was shortened. Therefore the teaching result and quality was greatly improved, which promoted the application of computer in sport and enriched the function of sport drawing.

22

Necpal, Martin, Mária Kapustová, and Maroš Martinkovič. "Using 2D/3D FEM Simulation to Determine Drawing Force in Cold Drawing of Steel Tubes with Straight Internal Rifling." Solid State Phenomena 304 (May 2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.304.121.

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The most comprehensive steel tube portfolio is used to produce all kinds of modern energy production and the corresponding auxiliary unit such as boilers and heat exchangers. Multi-rifled seamless steel tubes are distinguished by maximum pressure, heat resistance, strength and durability. Production of multi-rifled seamless steel tubes by cold draw process using multi-rifled mandrel is quite a new technology. Shape and dimension of the drawing tool depend on drawing tube reduction degree, i. e. on the original diameter of the initial tube and final diameter of the tube. The technology of drawing tubes is influenced by process parameters, dimensions of tools and cold forming process conditions. Optimization of the whole forming process naturally involve the FEM analyses and simulation. One of the most important information of the cold drawing process is the load stroke of the tools. The contribution is concerned at the usability of FEM simulation on an evaluation of cold draw forming process condition and prediction of load stroke of the forming tools. DEFORM 2D/3D FEM software is used to compare the result of the drawing force and to determine the appropriate methodology to set FEM simulation of cold forming.

23

Ali, Amjed M., and Hawar Himdad. "The Effect of Conventional and Digital Drawing Tools on Imagination in Architectural Design Education." Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sjes.100022.

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24

Ali, Amjed M., and Hawar Himdad. "The Effect of Conventional and Digital Drawing Tools on Imagination in Architectural Design Education." Sulaimani journal for engineering sciences 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10022.

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25

Antara, Nengah Ludra. "Organic Waste Chopper Tool Design Using Autodesk Inventor 2015 Software." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i2.1379.

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In the program of mechanical engineering, the software used to draw is Autodesk Inventor. Autodesk inventor is a CAD program in the program of engineering that is applied to the design of mechanics in 3D. In designing a tool, of course, it is preceded by a planned design concept. In making a design a tool requires a process or steps for making the design. These steps include the size, dimensions, and materials used in making organic waste chopper tool. The drawing process uses the 2015 Autodesk Inventor program, the first is the making of sketches, components on the machine, followed by assembly of each component, then rendering images, animation as the final stages of drawing design input into "IDW" complete with size, scale, material. Image projection to make it easier for designers to make tools. Drawings of plan and complete details covering the scale dimensions will be able to simplify the manufacturing process (production) of the components of the tool and can reduce the risk of errors in the process of making tools.

26

Zhang, Jie, and Bo Zhang. "The Application of Computer Software Microsoft Office Word in Sports Drawings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2253.

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In this paper the author introduced the application of Word drawing function in sports drawing, the function and skills of common drawing tools, and solved the stubborn problems in writing teaching plan and class by drawing ground device, queue type, teaching organization, and sports human body in practical examples. In this way, the study difficulty level was reduced, the time spent in mastering actions was shortened, the teaching effect and quality was greatly promoted, the application of computers in sports teaching was propagated, and the teaching patterns of sports drawings were enriched.

27

BARON, PETR, MAREK KOCISKO, and EDUARD FRANAS. "APPLICATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY TOOLS TO THE DESIGN PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 4428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_6_2021043.

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The paper describes the application of augmented reality tools to create an auxiliary interactive tool in the field of design. To mediate it, an application with AR operation based on marker tracking has been designed. The created application works with the mobile devices platform. Two types of markers have been used in the application. To display basic information, buttons with functions are added to the scene, such as part information, rotation and change of position in the X, Y, Z direction. The application runs on a mobile phone, with a built-in camera. The marker is displayed in the drawing's lower left corner. The model is positioned so that it appears above the view of the part in the drawing. The task of the application is to support intelligent tools applicable in the design stage of production preparation, in the creation of drawing documentation.

28

Huang, You Min, and Yi Wei Tsai. "Analyzing of Stainless Elliptical Cup Drawing Process." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.116.

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A methodology of formulating an incremental elasto-plastic three-dimensional finite element model, which is based on Prandtl-Reuss flow rule and von Mises’s yield criterion respectively, associated with an updated Lagrangian formulation, is developed to simulate elliptical cup drawing process. An extended algorithm is proposed to formulate the boundary conditions, such as the yield of element, maximum allowable strain increment, maximum allowable rotation increment, maximum allowable equivalent stress increment, and tolerance for nodes getting out of contact with tool. In order to verify the reliability and accuracy of the FEM code, the fractured thickness of a specimen in the simple tension test is adopted as the fracture criterion of forming limit in simulation. A set of tools was designed to perform the elliptical cup drawing experiment on the hydraulic forming machine. According to the simulation and experimental results, the limit drawing ratio (LDR) amounts to about 2.136 for penetration in the elliptical cup drawing process of this study. This paper also found a comparison of the LDR of different tool radii. According to the definition of LDR, when the die radius is increased from R3.0mm to R9.0mm, the LDR would increase from 2.11 to 2.157. When the punch radius is increased from r3.0mm to r9.0mm, the LDR would increase from 2.07 to 2.181. This paper has provided a better understanding of the elliptical cup drawing process for improving the manufacturing processes and the design of tools.

29

Piovarči, Michal, David I. W. Levin, Danny M. Kaufman, and Piotr Didyk. "Perception-aware modeling and fabrication of digital drawing tools." ACM Transactions on Graphics 37, no. 4 (August 10, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3197517.3201322.

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30

Brosius, A., and A. Mousavi. "Lubricant free deep drawing process by macro structured tools." CIRP Annals 65, no. 1 (2016): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.060.

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31

Greenberg, Saul, Mark Roseman, Dave Webster, and Ralph Bohnet. "Human and technical factors of distributed group drawing tools." Interacting with Computers 4, no. 3 (December 1992): 364–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90023-9.

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32

Frohn-Sörensen, Peter, Michael Geueke, Tadele Belay Tuli, Christopher Kuhnhen, Martin Manns, and Bernd Engel. "3D printed prototyping tools for flexible sheet metal drawing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 115, no. 7-8 (May 28, 2021): 2623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07312-y.

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AbstractDue to the change from mass production to mass personalized production and the resulting intrinsic product flexibility, the automotive industry, among others, is looking for cost-efficient and resource-saving production methods to combining global just-in-time production. In addition to geometric manufacturing flexibility, additive manufacturing offers a resource-saving application for rapid prototyping and small series in predevelopment. In this study, the FDM process is utilized to manufacture the tooling to draw a small series of sheet metal parts in combination with the rubber pad forming process. Therefore, a variety of common AM polymer materials (PETG, PLA, and ABS) is compared in compression tests, from which PLA is selected to be applied as sheet metal forming die. For the rubber pad forming process, relevant processing parameters, i.e., press force and rubber cushion hardness, are studied with respect to forming depth. The product batch is examined by optical evaluation using a metrological system. The scans of the tool and sheet metal parts confirm the mechanical integrity of the additively manufactured die from polymer and thus the suitability of this approach for small series in sheet metal drawing processes, e.g., for automotive applications.

33

Flosky, H., and Frank Vollertsen. "Wear Behavior of a DLC-Coated Blanking and Deep Drawing Tool Combination." Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.511.

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In macro forming a DLC-coating can increase durability and decrease wear of a deep drawing tool. Due to size effects, the behavior in micro range can differ from the behavior in macro range. To investigate durability and wear in micro deep drawing a blanking and deep drawing tool combination was developed, capable of maximum stroke rate of 200 parts per minute. Experiments with copper foil (E-Cu58) of 0.05 mm thickness were performed to produce cylindrical micro cups with a diameter of 1 mm using the lubricant Lubrimax Edel C. The tool material is stainless steel (German standard 1.2379). The punch has a diameter of 0.9 mm and the die diameter is 1.06 mm. To increase durability and decrease wear in micro deep drawing a DLC-coated tool is used. DLC-coated and uncoated tools are compared in long term test regarding wear behavior. Furthermore, the die radii of the tools are measured optically and cross-sections of the tools are made to analyze the microstructure. Experiments show, that the DLC-coating starts to delaminate during the first 5000 strokes. By analyzing the cross section it can be recognized a high density of scattered carbides and pores with different sizes up to 35 μm in the tool material are visible, causing delamination. Furthermore, higher load and stress in micro forming provides delamination. Thus a high influence on the durability of the DLC-coatings base material can be reported in micro range.

34

Vastola, Rodolfo, Nadia Carlomagno, Rosa Sgambelluri, and Maurizio Sibilio. "New Technologies for Writing and Drawing Evaluation." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2013010105.

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Movement analysis is generally considered the analysis of walking, with the first workshops not by chance being called Gait Analysis Laboratories. Improvement of the technical specifications of these tools and the simplification of user interfaces have allowed these tools to be applied to other motor actions apart from walking. Simple or complex movements of the upper or lower limbs have become the object of movement analysis. The areas of interest range from sports to the clinical. This possibility to refer to several motor actions as well as different areas has meant that these laboratories are now known as Movement Analysis Laboratories. Is it possible to consider the use of these systems in the evaluation of the writing skills of the child. The specific research is part of the screening of special needs education, highlighting important information that is subject to the planning and production of the drawing. The project starts from the desire to investigate the possible integration of the traditional rating scales with digital systems, for this reason, and in order to be a predictive tool of the writing skills of children, the VMI test has been adopted as a working basis. In particular, attention has been given to the first page of the test.

35

Furushima, Tsuyoshi, Yuta Noda, and Kenichi Manabe. "Laser Dieless Drawing Process for Metal Micro-Tubes." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.699.

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A drawing process using tools such as dies, plugs and mandrels has been conventionally applied as a means of miniaturizing tubes. However, it is not easy to scale down the conventional process to micro sizes for many reasons related to the tools used in the process. It is difficult to fabricate micro tools with high accuracy, and to insert a plug or a mandrel into a fine tube. Thus, the development of new drawing technologies for the fabrication of micro-tubes without the need for tools such as dies, plugs and mandrels is necessary. A laser dieless drawing technique with local heating using a laser as the heating source has been focused on for the fabrication of micro-tubes. In this study, a dieless drawing with a semiconductor laser setup is designed and developed. A tube of stainless steel, SUS304, with an outer diameter of 0.52mm and thickness of 0.1mm is used in the experiments. A laser dieless drawing experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of the laser power and drawing speed on the drawing limit. Finally, the effectiveness of laser dieless drawing process is discussed.

36

Świtacz, Jarosław, and Jarosław Bartnicki. "Analysis of automotive fixing plate drawing process." Mechanik 91, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.12.190.

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The paper deals with the drawing process of automotive fixing plates realized in progressive tools. Numerical analyses by means of FEM were done for chosen parts of the process. The distributions of effective stress, strain and load parameters were analyzed for realization of real process in practice. Good convergence between numerical results and final parts ones confirms very high applicability of FEM tools in these kinds of processes calculations.

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Pandiscio, Eric A. "Alternative Geometric Constructions: Promoting Mathematical Reasoning." Mathematics Teacher 95, no. 1 (January 2002): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.95.1.0032.

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Construction tools in most high school Euclidean geometry classes have typically been limited to a compass for drawing circular arcs and a straightedge for drawing line segments. The strengths of these tools include both mathematical precision and a long history of use. However, alternatives can provide fresh possibilities for engaging students in the mathematical reasoning that lies at the heart of traditional geometry (Gibb 1982; Robertson 1986). This article proposes that a single task completed with a variety of construction tools fosters a greater sense of mathematical contemplation than multiple tasks done with the same tool. The premises are simple: each tool fosters different mathematical ideas, and using multiple tools not only requires understanding of a greater breadth and depth of geometric concepts but also highlights the connections that exist among different ideas.

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Carr-Hopkins, Rebecca, Calem De Burca, and Felicity A. Aldridge. "Assessing attachment in school-aged children: Do the School-Age Assessment of Attachment and Family Drawings work together as complementary tools?" Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104517714589.

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Aims: Our goal was to identify an assessment package that could improve treatment planning for troubled children and their families. To assess the validity of our tools, we tested the relations among the School-Age Assessment of Attachment, the Family Drawing and children’s risk status. We used the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation to interpret the assessments in the hope of identifying a gradient of risk, and explore whether a new coding method improved the validity of Family Drawings and their utility as a tool to complement the School-Age Assessment of Attachment. Method: The participants were 89 children, aged between 5 and 12 years; 32 children were involved with mental health services or child protection. Each child completed a School-Age Assessment of Attachment and a Family Drawing. Results: Both assessments differentiated between clinical and normative referrals with moderate effect sizes when dichotomizing risk versus non-risk attachment. When the analysis incorporated a gradient of six attachment classifications, the effect sizes decreased, but specificity of risk increased. Conclusions: The School-Age Assessment of Attachment had greater validity for discriminating risk, and type of risk, than the Family Drawings. With a School-Age Assessment of Attachment and family history, the Family Drawing can provide information about distress that some children do not provide verbally. Integration of the two assessment tools alongside information about parental and family functioning appears to be the key to formulating children’s problems.

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Amado Trancoso, Mariana, and Bárbara Coutinho. "Calligraphy of the thought: Drawing and writing in Vittorio Gregotti." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00068_3.

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This paper focuses on the close correlation between drawing and writing in the architecture of Vittorio Gregotti, in order to understand how both constitute symbiotic tools for his praxis, and showing how the practice of architecture and theoretical thought in Gregotti are to be understood as one. Drawing and writing constitute inscriptions of his ideas, a calligraphy that expresses his understanding of architecture as a conceptual reality, regardless of its later physical construction. It is therefore essential to comprehend how theoretical thought in Gregotti is materialized in the architectural project. For this purpose, based on Gregotti’s drawings and writings, this paper aims to underline the deep importance of drawing and writing as complementary processes related to the symbiotic connection between theory and praxis in his work. Considering both tools as a mechanism for visualizing the author’s ideas, we intend to prove that drawing and writing are close components of his expression and the development of a thought that, in the process of being materialized, acquires physical shape, strength and coherence, becoming perceived by others.

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Li, Wei. "Architectural Design with Autocad." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1692.

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Architectural design is a creative work, the final results of it is image and visually expressed in the form of drawings. AutoCad technology and architecture design are the combination of computer application technology, especially the inevitable outcome of the development of computer graphics technology. Usage this software is not only able to design construction drawing with specification, beautiful buildings, and can effectively help designers improving the design level and work efficiently, this is the manual drawing. Mastering the AutoCad architectural drawings in other words is to have the advanced and standard of architectural design language tools.

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Wright, S. J., S. J. Packebush, and D. A. Mitta. "Software Interface Evaluation: Modeling of Human Error." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 5 (October 1993): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700513.

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The purpose of this study was to use a human error model to evaluate a commercially available Macintosh-based graphics application based upon the frequencies and types of mistakes occurring during users' performance of designated tasks. The occurrence of high frequencies of knowledge-based and rule-based mistakes during the learning of an interface element would indicate that the element requires evaluation and possible redesign. This study involved five participants, all of whom were students at Texas A&M University. The participants were experienced Macintosh users with no experience using Macintosh graphics software. The graphics environment of interest was MacDraw II® 1.0 Version 2 (Schutten, Goldsmith, Kaptanoglu, and Spiegel, 1988). Ten drawings created with the program were used to examine participants' cognitive levels and types of errors made throughout the process of familiarizing themselves with this program. The first drawing was created to exemplify simple figures created with the graphics tools in the program to illustrate shading. The second through tenth drawings incorporated these figures in several arrangements. All drawings incorporated eight tools (or tasks), and each tool was used only once in each drawing. The results indicated significant differences in frequencies of error types, frequencies of errors between tasks and frequencies of errors between trials. There were also interactions between trial and error, and task and error.

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Puhachov, Ivan, William Neveu, Edward Chien, and Mikhail Bessmeltsev. "Keypoint-driven line drawing vectorization via PolyVector flow." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 6 (December 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480529.

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Line drawing vectorization is a daily task in graphic design, computer animation, and engineering, necessary to convert raster images to a set of curves for editing and geometry processing. Despite recent progress in the area, automatic vectorization tools often produce spurious branches or incorrect connectivity around curve junctions; or smooth out sharp corners. These issues detract from the use of such vectorization tools, both from an aesthetic viewpoint and for feasibility of downstream applications (e.g., automatic coloring or inbetweening). We address these problems by introducing a novel line drawing vectorization algorithm that splits the task into three components: (1) finding keypoints, i.e., curve endpoints, junctions, and sharp corners; (2) extracting drawing topology, i.e., finding connections between keypoints; and (3) computing the geometry of those connections. We compute the optimal geometry of the connecting curves via a novel geometric flow --- PolyVector Flow --- that aligns the curves to the drawing, disambiguating directions around Y-, X-, and T-junctions. We show that our system robustly infers both the geometry and topology of detailed complex drawings. We validate our system both quantitatively and qualitatively, demonstrating that our method visually outperforms previous work.

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Chan, Marjorie Ann. "Artwork and Creative Drawing – Tools for Learning and Geologic Synthesis." Journal of Geological Education 41, no. 3 (May 1993): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-41.3.222.

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Troﬁ mov, V. N., M. G. Shtutsa, D. S. Ahischuk, A. V. Eseneev, and T. V. Kuznetsova. "PROFILING CHANNEL DRAWING TOOLS WITH THE CHANNEL OF TWO CONES." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 56, no. 7 (March 25, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2013-7-45-48.

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Steitz, Manuel, Kai Weigel, Martin Weber, Jan Scheil, and Clemens Müller. "Coating of Deep Rolled and Hammer Peened Deep Drawing Tools." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.245.

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Mechanical surface treatments like machine hammer peening and deep rolling can substitute an essential part of the manual polishing time in the conventional process chain of die and mold production. However, the increasing use of high strength steels in the automotive industry and the associated wear of deep drawing tools require further wear-protection methods. In this context it is still unknown if hammer peened and deep rolled surfaces can ensure a sufficient adhesive strength of a coating. Therefore, in the present work different coatings are applied on hammer peened and deep rolled surfaces. Finally, the wear behavior is examined in the strip drawing test. The evaluation of the experimental results proves the potential for an industrial application of the mechanically treated and coated tools.

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Pesch, P., S. Sattel, S. Woestmann, P. Masarczyk, K. Herden, T. Stucky, A. Martens, S. Ulrich, and H. Holleck. "Performance of hard coated steel tools for steel sheet drawing." Surface and Coatings Technology 163-164 (January 2003): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(02)00654-0.

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Witulski, J., M. Trompeter, A. E. Tekkaya, and M. Kleiner. "High wear resistant deep drawing tools made of coated polymers." CIRP Annals 60, no. 1 (2011): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.149.

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Behrens, Gerrit, and Frank Vollertsen. "Influence of Tool Geometry Variation on the Punch Force in Micro Deep Drawing." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1306.

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Micro forming processes are very well suited for manufacturing of small metal parts in large quantities and micro deep drawing provides a great application potential for the manufacturing of parts with complex shapes. But size effects like changed tribology and material properties usually result in smaller process windows for micro forming operations. Process caused wear as well as large inaccuracy in manufacturing of micro forming tools is responsible for geometrical deviation of the tools from nominal size. Both influences can have essential impact on the process window size and process stability. A better understanding of the influence of tool geometry on process stability can help to improve and optimize process control in micro forming. In addition, a quantitative judgment of the impact of wear and manufacturing inaccuracy will be possible. Therefore, in this study, the impact of different tool geometries on the punch force in micro deep drawing was investigated. Significantly varied tool geometries were punch diameter, drawing gap, punch and drawing die radius and shape of the die edge. FEM simulations as well as experiments were used to determine tool geometry influence on the punch force of a micro deep drawing process. Hereby, it was possible to classify each geometry variation regarding its impact on the punch force and therefore on one important parameter of the process stability. Results show that the greatest impact on the punch force was caused by modifications of the punch diameter and variation of the drawing gap. Changes in punch or drawing die radii proved to be of minor importance.

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Gaenshirt, Christian. "Drawing is Not Enough. Design Tools for the Reuse of Modernist Buildings." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 9 (December 25, 2018): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_9_6.

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This paper[i] re-discusses the question of design tools, a metaphor that lately has been used for different things such as simple objects, media, cultural techniques, computer programs, formal principles or thinking strategies. After reviewing recent research on design tools, a taxonomy will be proposed. The key tool for the reuse of modernist buildings though remains the building itself, and its related narratives. [i] The author would like to thank Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, in Suzhou, China, for generously founding his work on this research, as well as his travel to participate in the RMB conference in April 2018 at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. He also would like to thank Shayne Jones for disucssing and revising earlier versions of this text.

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Hautopp, Heidi, and Mie Buhl. "Drawing as an Academic Dialogue Tool for Developing Digital Learning Designs in Higher Education." Electronic Journal of e-Learning 19, no. 5 (November 9, 2021): pp321–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.5.2466.

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This paper reports on how drawing as an academic dialogue tool was explored as a crucial actor for driving design processes among humanistic master’s students targeting their digital learning designs for online and blended learning contexts. The paper builds on a previous study that investigated students’ use of self-produced visualisations during the digital design process. Although the study did not deal with visualisation and students were not trained to draw, the participants made extensive but unacknowledged use of visualisations. In the present study, a new group of students from the same master’s programme were taught how to draw as a central component of the design process in order to investigate how this might expand their use of visual facilitation and drawing techniques to drive collaborative processes, design decisions and theoretical reflections. As design practices enter new interdisciplinary domains, in this case digital learning design, the aim was to explore how humanistic students can act as digital designers by adapting different design approaches and visual methods in particular. Likewise, the study offers an investigation of how students perceive these ways of working in an academic context. The empirical data, including teaching observations, students’ visual productions and interviews with 27 students from nine groups after completing the course, were drawn primarily from an explorative case study in which master’s students developed digital learning designs to solve a problem framed by an external stakeholder. Students’ ways of producing visualisations in the different phases of their design process were analysed in terms of four design genres (explorative, investigative, explanatory and persuasive). The sociomaterial analysis traced how drawings and drawing activities unfolded during collaborative group processes which supported the development of digital learning designs. The findings confirmed the potential of drawing as a means for developing ideas, collaborating in different design phases and presenting and discussing design ideas with peers, target groups and external stakeholders. Furthermore, the findings revealed that drawing activities became a significant pedagogical consideration in the students’ digital learning design and data collection process, where students balanced the interplay between initial analogue drawings and digital prototyping, testing their design concepts with target groups. The findings also showed that students perceived drawing and visual facilitation as practical tools but lacked an academic terminology for articulating these processes. The study suggests a need for substantial change to fully acknowledge the potential of drawing as an academic dialogue tool on the level with academic reading and writing when developing digital artefacts.

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