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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 травня 2022

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1

Gaudant, Jean. "L'ichthyofaune des eaux continentales miocénes de Serbie (Yougoslavie): une révision. The fish-fauna of Miocene continental waters from Serbia (Yugoslavia): a revision." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 207, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/207/1998/107.

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2

de Marsily, Ghislain. "Eaux continentales." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 337, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2004.11.002.

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3

Walker, James A., and Esteban Gazel. "Igneous Rock Associations 13. Focusing on the Central American Subduction Zone." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.036.

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Central America has recently been an important focus area for investigations into the complex processes occurring in subduction zones. Here we review some of the new findings concerning subduction input, magma production and evolution, and resultant volcanic output. In the Nicaraguan portion of the subduction zone, subduction input is unusually wet, likely caused by extensive serpentinization of the mantle portion of the incoming plate associated with bending-related faulting seaward of the Middle America trench. The atypical influx of water into the Nicaraguan section of the subduction zone ultimately leads to a regional maximum in the degree of mantle melting. In central Costa Rica, subduction input is also unusual in that it includes oceanic crust flavored by the Galapagos plume. Both of these exotic subduction inputs are recognizable in the compositions of magmas erupted along the volcanic front. In addition, Nicaraguan magmas bear a strong chemical imprint from subducting hemipelagic sediments. The high-field-strength-element depletions of magmas from El Salvador through Costa Rica are related to local variations in the depth to the subducting Cocos plate, and, therefore, to segmentation of the volcanic front. Minor phases, probably amphibole or rutile, control these variable depletions. Silicic magmas erupted along the volcanic front exhibit the same along-arc geochemical variations as their mafic brethren. This and their mantle-like radiogenic isotopic compositions suggest the production of juvenile continental crust all along the Central American subduction zone. Punctuated times of enhanced magmatic input from the mantle may aid in crustal development.SOMMAIREL’Amérique centrale a récemment été le lieu de recherches sur les processus complexes se produisant dans les zones de subduction. Ici nous passons en revue certaines découvertes sur nature des intrants de subduction, la production et l’évolution des magmas, ainsi que les extrants volcaniques résultants. Dans le segment nicaraguayen de la zone de subduction, les intrants de subduction sont exceptionnellement humides, probablement à cause de la serpentinisation généralisée de la portion mantélique de la plaque en subduction, fissurée par flexure dans partie marine de la fosse océanique de l’Amérique centrale. L'afflux atypique en eau dans le segment nicaraguayen de la zone de subduction induit ultimement un maximum régional de la proportion de fusion du manteau. Dans la portion centrale du Costa Rica l’intrant de subduction est lui aussi atypique en ce qu’il comprend une croûte océanique teintée par le panache des Galápagos. Ces deux intrants de subduction atypiques sont répercutés dans la composition des magmas éjectés le long du front volcanique. En outre, les magmas nicaraguayens affichent une forte empreinte chimique héritée des sédiments hémipélagiques en subduction. Les appauvrissements en éléments à fortes liaisons atomiques des magmas, du El Salvador jusqu’au Costa Rica, sont liés à des variations localisées de la profondeur de la plaque en subduction de Cocos, et donc, à la segmentation du front volcanique. Des phases mineures, probablement amphibole et rutile, déterminent ces appauvrissements variables. Les magmas siliceux éjectés le long du même front volcanique montrent les mêmes variations géochimiques le long de l’arc que leur contrepartie mafique. De plus, les compositions radiogéniques de leurs contreparties mantéliques évoquent la production d’une croûte continentale juvénile le long de la zone de subduction de l’Amérique centrale. Des épisodes d’accroissements ponctuels des intrants magmatiques du manteau peuvent contribuer au développement d’une croûte.

4

Jason D. Solinger. "Thomas Paine’s Continental Mind." Early American Literature 45, no. 3 (2010): 593–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2010.0029.

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5

Kamto, Maurice. "Le droit international des ressources en eau continentales africaines." Annuaire français de droit international 36, no. 1 (1990): 843–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.1990.2995.

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6

Capblancq, J. "L'eutrophisation des eaux continentales : questions à propos d'un processus complexeTowards a sustainable control of eutrophication of continental waters." Nature Sciences Sociétés 10, no. 2 (June 2002): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1240-1307(02)80066-8.

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7

Abed, A. El. "NOUVELLES INFORMATIONS SUR LES COPEPODES CALANOIDES ET CYCLOPOIDES DES EAUX CONTINENTALES TUNISIENNES." Crustaceana 72, no. 2 (1999): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503258.

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AbstractDuring the period 1992-1996, eighteen species of Copepoda Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been recorded in Tunisian continental water samples from 56 localities. Six species were noticed for the first time in Tunisia, three of which are new records for northern Africa. Two species represent Ethiopian elements (Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906) and Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966) and there is one oriental species (Apocyclops royi (Lindberg, 1940)) while Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) and Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857) are cosmopolitan, and Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935 is rather palaearctic. The majority of cyclopoid and calanoid copepods has been taken in "oueds" (both temporary and permanent waters). In Tunisian continental waters, about ten species were found in each climatic area, though there are some species particular to humid and sub-humid areas (Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) and Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888)) in northern Tunisia. Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) and Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) occur especially in semi-arid areas. M. minutus (Claus, 1863) and Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) were found in the arid areas, particularly in central Tunisia. Durant la periode 1992-1996, 18 especes de copepodes (Cyclopo des et Calano des) ont ete recoltees dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes. Cet inventaire fait etat de six especes qui sont nouvelles pour la Tunisie: Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906), Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966, Apocyclops royi Lindberg, 1940, Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935, Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) et Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857). Parmi ces especes, les trois premieres sont nouvelles pour l'Afrique du Nord. Les especes P. greeni et T. tchadensis sont deux elements ethiopiens, A. royi est une espece jusqu'alors seulement connue d'Asie (Inde, Chine). H. neglectus est une espece palearctique alors que M. gigas et E. serrulatus sont cosmopolites. Dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes, l'etude de la repartition des Copepodes Cyclopo des et Calano des en fonction des zones climatiques precedemment etablies conduisent aux resultats suivants: Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) et Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888) sont caracteristiques de la region humide a sub-humide, Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) et Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) sont les elements principaux de la region semi-aride. M. minutus ainsi que Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) sont des especes plutot caracteristiques des regions arides du centre de la Tunisie.

8

Cresswell, G. R., J. L. Peterson, and L. F. Pender. "The East Australian Current, upwellings and downwellings off eastern-most Australia in summer." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 7 (2017): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16051.

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The complex influences of the East Australian Current (EAC) and winds on the waters of the continental shelf were addressed with a ship survey, moored and drifting instruments, satellite images and wind and sea level measurements. The study revealed intrusions of continental slope water reaching the inner continental shelf when the EAC was near the shelf edge and wind stress was near zero or upwelling favourable (northerly). The process was the onshore movement of a southward flowing stream of water originally from the continental slope. One event was captured near Cape Byron and Evans Head when these waters upwelled to the surface. When the wind stress turned northward, it reversed the inner shelf current and drove downwelling. Variations in the wind stress also modulated the strength of the EAC out across the shelf to the upper slope. The strength of the EAC per se varied with a time scale of 2–3 months; these variations decreased in amplitude westward until they were undetectable at the inner shelf. The EAC had a subsurface speed maximum of up to 1.6ms–1 at 100–150-m depth above the continental slope and was seen to accelerate with both time and distance southward along the 190-km length surveyed by the ship.

9

Pérez, E., J. A. Quesada, M. Moles, D. John, S. Leon, J. L. Ortíz, and J. Peñalver. "A dry high altitude observatory in continental Europe." EAS Publications Series 40 (December 24, 2009): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1040017.

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10

Thoiron, Philippe, and André Clas. "Bibliographie — Écologie des eaux continentales — Classification par domaine." Meta: Journal des traducteurs 36, no. 4 (1991): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004481ar.

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11

DECAMPS, H. "Expertise en situation d'incertitude: l'exemple des eaux continentales." Nature Sciences Sociétés 8, no. 3 (July 2000): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1240-1307(00)80060-6.

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12

Amano, Tatsuya, Isabel Butt, and Kelvin S. H. Peh. "The importance of green spaces to public health: a multi-continental analysis." Ecological Applications 28, no. 6 (June 20, 2018): 1473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1748.

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13

Lee, Jongwon, and Russell A. Green. "An empirical bracketed duration relation for stable continental regions of North America." Earthquakes and Structures 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.1.001.

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14

Mauduit, Julien. "American Republicanism at a Crossroads: Canadian "Twin Stars," Annexation, and Continental Order (1837–42)." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 18, no. 3 (2020): 365–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2020.0010.

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15

Wellenreuther, Hermann. "Continental-European Scholarship on Early Modern North American and North Atlantic World: A Report." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (2004): 452–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2007.0046.

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16

Marchand, M. "La contamination des eaux continentales par les micropolluants organiques." Revue des sciences de l'eau 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 229–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705030ar.

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Il y a environ 50 000 à 60 000 composés chimiques utilisés communément à des fins techniques. Certains d'entre eux sont toxiques et leur rejet dans l'environnement peut constituer une menace pour l'équilibre des écosystèmes aquatiques et pour la santé humaine. Plusieurs listes de substances dangereuses, appelées également polluants chimiques prioritaires, ont ainsi été établies par des organismes nationaux ou internationaux, notamment par l'EPA aux Etats-Unis, la CEE en Europe, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). La nécessité de protéger les milieux aquatiques et la santé humaine a par ailleurs amené le développement de standards, de critères de qualité des eaux naturelles et des eaux potables, vis-à-vis de ces contaminants chimiques. Les sources de pollution sont diverses, se partageant entre les sources localisées comme les effluents urbains et industriels et les sources diffuses comme les eaux de ruissellement en zones rurales et en zones urbaines et les retombées atmosphériques. Différentes processus biogéochimiques déterminent les mécanismes de transport et de transformation des polluants organiques dans le milieu aquatique, et la bioaccumutation dans les organismes vivants représente un important aspect de ce comportement. Une première évaluation de la qualité des eaux continentales (rivières, lacs, eaux souterraines) est effectuée en examinant les données recueillies à travers le réseau de surveillance mondiale de la qualité de l'eau (GENS/EAUX) mis en place par deux organismes des Nations Unies, l'OMS et le PNUE. D'autres sources d'informations, publiées dans la littérature scientifique, ont été également utilisées pour évaluer les niveaux de concentrations observés pour différents groupes de polluants organiques dans les eaux naturelles et les eaux potables. La plupart des données disponibles proviennent d'un nombre limité de pays industriels d'Amérique du Nord, d'Europe et du Japon. Il y a une dramatique absence d'informations concernant la qualité chimique des eaux continentales dans les pays les moins développés d'Afrique, d'Amérique Latine et d'Asie. A l'heure actuelle, la stratégie de surveillance des polluants chimiques à l'échelle mondiale est donc loin d'être réellement satisfaisante.

17

CHOISNEL, Emmanuel. "Lu pour vous : "Les Eaux continentales" Académie des sciences." La Météorologie 8, no. 60 (2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/16948.

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18

Collins, Sarah M., Samantha K. Oliver, Jean-Francois Lapierre, Emily H. Stanley, John R. Jones, Tyler Wagner, and Patricia A. Soranno. "Lake nutrient stoichiometry is less predictable than nutrient concentrations at regional and sub-continental scales." Ecological Applications 27, no. 5 (June 5, 2017): 1529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1545.

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19

Spall, Eric. "Foreigners in the Highest Trust: American Perceptions of European Mercenary Officers in the Continental Army." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (2014): 338–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2014.0009.

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20

Dejoux, C. "Incidence des pesticides dans la pollution des eaux continentales africaines." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 22, no. 4 (March 1985): 2452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1983.11897702.

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21

Baker, Susan C., Charles B. Halpern, Timothy J. Wardlaw, Christel Kern, Graham J. Edgar, Russell J. Thomson, Richard E. Bigley, et al. "A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest." Ecological Applications 26, no. 8 (October 27, 2016): 2495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1406.

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22

Habets, Florence, Pierre Etchevers, and Patrick Le Moigne. "La représentation des surfaces continentales pour la prévision hydrologique." La Météorologie, no. 108 (2020): 088. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2020-0021.

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La modélisation hydrométéorologique initiée par Joël Noilhan permet aujourd'hui d'anticiper les risques de crues sur plusieurs jours, l'évolution de la ressource en eau en France sur plusieurs mois et de projeter les tendances sur le XXIe siècle. Pour cela, il a fallu intégrer des processus sous mailles dans le schéma de surface Isba, car ils sont à l'origine de la genèse d'écoulements préférentiels, et affiner la description de la physiographie. Un des co-bénéfices les plus marquants a été la production d'une réanalyse des variables météorologiques de surface sur la France, aujourd'hui disponible sur plus de 60 ans. Les collaborations initiées avec les hydrologues et acteurs de l'eau se sont encore renforcées, afin de co-construire les modèles de prévisions hydrométéorologiques de demain. The hydrometeorological modeling initiated by Joël Noilhan leads today to short- and medium-range forecast of flood risks, seasonal forecasts of the evolution of the water resource in France and projection of its evolution during the 21st century. To do so, it was necessary to integrate subgrid processes in the land surface scheme ISBA, as they generate preferential flow, and to refine physiographic datasets. One of the most significant co-benef its is the production of a reanalysis of near-surface meteorological variables over France now available over more than 60 years. The initial collaboration with hydrologists and stakeholders has now been strengthened in order to co-design future hydrometeorological forecast models.

23

Sims, P. K., W. R. Van Schmus, K. J. Schulz, and Z. E. Peterman. "Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean Orogen." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-180.

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The Early Proterozoic Penokean Orogen developed along the southern margin of the Archean Superior craton. The orogen consists of a northern deformed continental margin prism overlying an Archean basement and a southern assemblage of oceanic arcs, the Wisconsin magmatic terranes. The south-dipping Niagara fault (suture) zone separates the south-facing continental margin from the accreted arc terranes. The suture zone contains a dismembered ophiolite.The Wisconsin magmatic terranes consist of two terranes that are distinguished on the basis of lithology and structure. The northern Pembine–Wausau terrane contains a major succession of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks deposited in the interval 1860–1889 Ma and a more restricted succession of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks deposited about 1835 – 1845 Ma. Granitoid rocks ranging in age from about 1870 to 1760 Ma intrude the volcanic rocks. The older succession was generated as island arcs and (or) closed back-arc basins above the south-dipping subduction zone (Niagara fault zone), whereas the younger one developed as island arcs above a north-dipping subduction zone, the Eau Pleine shear zone. The northward subduction followed deformation related to arc–continent collision at the Niagara suture at about 1860 Ma. The southern Marshfield terrane contains remnants of mafic to felsic volcanic rocks about 1860 Ma that were deposited on Archean gneiss basement, foliated tonalite to granite bodies ranging in age from about 1890 to 1870 Ma, and younger undated granite plutons. Following amalgamation of the two arc terranes along the Eau Pleine suture at about 1840 Ma, intraplate magmatism (1835 Ma) produced rhyolite and anorogenic alkali-feldspar granite that straddled the internal suture.

24

Schwartzbrod, J., F. Lucena, A. Bosch, C. Beril, L. Schwartzbrod, and R. Pares. "Influence des eaux continentales et des eaux usées sur la contamination microbiologique des sédiments marins." Journal français d’hydrologie 18, no. 2 (1987): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19871802141.

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25

Kirigia, Joses M., Eyob Z. Asbu, William Greene, and Ali Emrouznejad. "Technical Efficiency, Efficiency Change, Technical Progress and Productivity Growth in the National Health Systems of Continental African Countries." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 23, no. 2 (2007): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eas.2007.0008.

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26

Davis, Oliver. "Danebury and the Heuneburg: Creating Communities in Early Iron Age Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2018.30.

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The Iron Age in temperate Europe is characterized by the emergence of hillforts. While such sites can be highly variable, they also share many characteristics, implying cultural linkages across a wide geographical area. Yet, the interpretation of hillforts has increasingly seen significant divergence in theoretical approaches in different European countries. In particular, Iron Age studies in Britain have progressively distanced themselves from those pursued in continental Europe. This article attempts to address this issue by analysing the evidence from two of the best-known hillforts in Europe: Danebury in Wessex, southern England, and the Heuneburg in Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany. The article highlights a number of key similarities and differences in the occupational sequences of these sites. While the differences indicate that the hillforts are the creation of very different Iron Age societies, the synergies are argued to be a consequence of communities evincing similar responses to similar problems, particularly those resulting from the social tensions that develop when transforming previously dispersed rural societies into increasingly centralized forms.

27

Wrobel-Niedzwiecka, Iwona, Małgorzata Kitowska, Przemyslaw Makuch, and Piotr Markuszewski. "The Distribution of pCO2W and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes Using FFNN at the Continental Shelf Areas of the Arctic Ocean." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020312.

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A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) was used to estimate the monthly climatology of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2W) at a spatial resolution of 1° latitude by 1° longitude in the continental shelf of the European Arctic Sector (EAS) of the Arctic Ocean (the Greenland, Norwegian, and Barents seas). The predictors of the network were sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), the upper ocean mixed-layer depth (MLD), and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and as a target, we used 2 853 pCO2W data points from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas. We built an FFNN based on three major datasets that differed in the Chl-a concentration data used to choose the best model to reproduce the spatial distribution and temporal variability of pCO2W. Using all physical–biological components improved estimates of the pCO2W and decreased the biases, even though Chl-a values in many grid cells were interpolated values. General features of pCO2W distribution were reproduced with very good accuracy, but the network underestimated pCO2W in the winter and overestimated pCO2W values in the summer. The results show that the model that contains interpolating Chl-a concentration, SST, SSS, and MLD as a target to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of pCO2W in the sea surface gives the best results and best-fitting network to the observational data. The calculation of monthly drivers of the estimated pCO2W change within continental shelf areas of the EAS confirms the major impact of not only the biological effects to the pCO2W distribution and Air-Sea CO2 flux in the EAS, but also the strong impact of the upper ocean mixing. A strong seasonal correlation between predictor and pCO2W seen earlier in the North Atlantic is clearly a yearly correlation in the EAS. The five-year monthly mean CO2 flux distribution shows that all continental shelf areas of the Arctic Ocean were net CO2 sinks. Strong monthly CO2 influx to the Arctic Ocean through the Greenland and Barents Seas (>12 gC m−2 day−1) occurred in the fall and winter, when the pCO2W level at the sea surface was high (>360 µatm) and the strongest wind speed (>12 ms−1) was present.

28

Gibbs, Mark T., Patrick Marchesiello, and Jason H. Middleton. "Nutrient enrichment of Jervis Bay, Australia, during the massive 1992 coccolithophorid bloom." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 6 (1997): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97035.

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A numerical simulation of the East Australian Current (EAC) has been used to investigate the nutrification of shelf waters at Jervis Bay, south-eastern Australia, prior to the massive coccolithophorid bloom that was first observed on 16 December 1992. The simulation suggests that a small cold-core eddy developed between the continental slope at Jervis Bay and the EAC jet further offshore during 7 and 14 December 1992. This unstable cold-core eddy is likely to have uplifted cold, nutrient-rich water onto the Jervis Bay shelf, and this upwelling, in combination with upwelling-favourable winds, probably transported nutrients from the deep ocean to the entrance of the bay.

29

Oucho, John. "Prospects for free movement in the East African Community." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030306.

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This article traces the evolution of regional integration in East Africa, discussing its nature, scope, triumphs, and challenges. It reviews the Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Common Market (PEEACCM), which develops aspects of free movement policy that were implicit in earlier editions of the EAC regional integration. The article then addresses the several challenges that exist to free movement in the EAC as it endeavors to usher in the larger Southern and East Africa COMESA–EAC–SADC Tripartite Agreement and even wider continental-level coordination. It concludes that a managed migration policy rather than free movement might be more appropriate. Spanish Este artículo traza la evolución de la integración regional en África del Este, discutiendo su naturaleza, alcances, triunfos y desafíos. Se revisa el Protocolo para el Establecimiento del Mercado Común de la Comunidad de África del Este (conocido como Protocolo de Mercado Común), el cuál desarrolla aspectos de la política de libre circulación que estaban implícitas en las previas ediciones sucesivas a la integración regional en la Comunidad de África del Este (CAE). Posteriormente, el artículo aborda los diversos desafíos que existen para la libre circulación en la CAE en contraste con los esfuerzos de la misma CAE por ser la vanguardia en el amplio Acuerdo Tripartita COMESA-CAE-SADC, que abarca países del sur y del este de África, y en la coordinación a nivel continental aún más amplia. El autor llega a la conclusión de que una política de gestión de la migración en lugar de libre circulación podría ser más apropiada. French Cet article retrace l'évolution de l'intégration régionale en Afrique de l'Est (AE), en discutant de sa nature, de sa portée, des succès et des défis qui se posent à elle. Il examine le Protocole portant sur la création du Marché commun d'Afrique orientale communautaire (PEACCM en anglais), qui développe des aspects de la politique de libre circulation qui étaient implicites dans les éditions précédentes des accords d'intégration de l'AE. L'article aborde ensuite les nombreux défis qui se posent à la libre circulation dans la CAE, comment les CAE s'efforcent également d'inaugurer la plus grande Afrique australe et orientale de l'Accord tripartite COMESA-EAC-SADC et de la coordination encore plus large au niveau continental. Il conclut qu'une politique de gestion des migrations pourrait être plus appropriée que la libre circulation.

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Pourriot, Roger, and André-Jean Francez. "Introduction pratique à la systématique des organismes des eaux continentales françaises.- 8 : Rotifères." Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 55, no. 5 (1986): 148–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/linly.1986.10760.

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Cresswell, G., C. Zhou, PC Tildesley, and CS Nilsson. "SAR observations of internal wave wakes from sea mounts." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 3 (1996): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960489.

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The synthetic aperture radar on the European Space Agency Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 detected undular and V-shaped features on the ocean surface above the continental slope and shelf off eastern Australia near 31�S. These are suggested to be expressions of transverse and oblique internal waves caused by the influence of seamounts and canyons on an energetic East Australian Current (EAC). The phase speed of the 1-km-wavelength internal waves was calculated from an assumed ocean density structure to be a little over 1 m s-1 -close to the expected speed of the EAC. This meant that transverse waves could become 'anchored' behind canyons and ridges aligned across the EAC flow. Single-peak seamounts appeared to produce oblique waves with half angles generally around 45�, but sometimes less. Some of the seamounts causing the internal waves may have been as deep as 600 m.

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Jacobsz, Thinus. "Rules of Origin. Notes on Challenges for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 3/4 (April 1, 2020): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020031.

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The African Continental Free Area Agreement aims to create a tariff-free continent and the worlds’ largest free trade area (FTA). This contribution notes some issues and challenges to be considered in the design and further development of the AfCFTA Agreement and the impact thereof on the eventual specificRules of Origin to be adopted as part of the ongoing negotiation process. AfCFTA, ECOWAS, EAC, SACU, CEMAC, non-traditional MFN principle, Regional Economic Centres (RECs)

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Kouamé, Aka. "Distribution des matières en suspension dans les eaux de la plate-forme continentale de Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of African Earth Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00042-r.

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Kiggundu, Moses N. "Alternative Service Delivery in Africa: The Case for International Regional Organisations." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i2.114.

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Alternative service delivery (ASD) is generally confined to the provision opublic services within the boundaries of a single nation state. This paper extends thisconceptualization and practice beyond a single nation state by focusing on services provided by international regional organizations (IROs), which encompass more than a single country. Recognizing that the regional approach may not be suitable under all circumstances, the papertakes a contingency approach and discusses with illustrations the conditions under which the regional or continental approaches may provide superior public services to the wider population. Three examples from the East African Community (EAC), Africa’s riparian river basins, and cross-border illicit trade of conflict minerals in the Great Lakes region are given as illustrative cases. Noting that Africa’s growing aspirations for inclusive development and rapid transformation call for better governance and quality public services, the paper ends by calling for more scholarly work and field experiments on ASD and other models applicable at local, national, regional and continental levels.

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Macías Ruano, Antonio José, and José Ramos Pires Manso. "The Development of Legislation on the Social Economy in Continental Western Europe." Resources 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030154.

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One of the main instruments for local development is the regulatory legal framework of the so-called Social Economy, a term and concept that is yet to be fully defined. The society’s approach to the generation of wealth encompasses different concepts, movements, approaches, and ways of acting, all of which pose a challenge to the determination of a precise definition. Within the European Union (E.U.), a common legislative base has been developed, although the specific legislation developed by each Member State has been uneven. The legislation may have started from the same common principles, but each country has adopted different legal forms. This work aims to outline the diverse ways of legislating on a concept that is still under construction and within similar legal frameworks, illustrating the lack of harmony between European states that, despite the sharing of borders and having common legislative foundations, distance themselves in the final legislation, a situation that does not benefit the economic unity of entrepreneurs with social principles.

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Souleymane, Issa Malam Salmanou, Maman Sani Abdou Babaye, Illias Alhassane, and Ousmane Boureima. "Caractérisations hydrogéochimiques et qualités des eaux de la nappe phréatique du haut bassin versant de la Korama, commune de Droum /région de Zinder (Niger /Afrique de l’Ouest)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1862–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.29.

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La, Commune de Droum, zone d’étude , est située entre 13°23’ et 13°48’ de latitude Nord, 8°39’ et 9°1’ de longitude Est. Elle dispose de trois aquifères, dont l’aquifère phréatique des sables récents ayant de hautes potentialités en eau souterraine. Cet aquifère est très sollicité pour l’approvisionnement en eau de boisson, l’abreuvage des animaux et l’irrigation qui est en pleine expansion. Or, il est très sensible à la pollution anthropique en raison de sa faible profondeur. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser cet aquifère du point de vue hydrogéochimique et de l’aptitude de ces eaux à la consommation humaine et à l’irrigation. La méthodologie appliquée fait appel aux approches hydrochimiques classiques, à l’Analyse en Composante Principale (ACP) et aux techniques d’évaluation de la qualité des eaux pour l’irrigation (SAR / USSL, %Na / Wilcox, RSC). Les résultats montrent que 45%des eaux échantillonnées sont de faciès chloruré calcique et magnésien (CaMgCl), 33% de faciès bicarbonaté calcique (CaHCO3) et 22% de faciès chloruré calcique (CaCl). Les deux principaux mécanismes hydrogéochimiques qui se sont révélés être à l’origine de l’acquisition des ions conduisant à ces différents faciès sont l’interaction eau-roche et les précipitations. Le rapprochement des résultats analytiques normes de l’OMS (2011), indique que les eaux étudiées sont en majorité de bonne qualité pour tous les ions considérés. Néanmoins quelques échantillons présentent des teneurs en NO3, Fe, et F dépassant leurs normes respectives. Les taux de Na (%Na), les valeurs du SAR et le positionnement des échantillons sur le diagramme de Wilcox indiquent que les eaux sont excellentes pour l’irrigation.Mots clés : Hydrogéochimie, Socle, irrigation, Climat aride, Continental Intercalaire /Hamadien. The Droum commune, study area , is located between latitude 13 ° 23 'and 13 ° 48' N, and between 8 ° 39 'and 9 ° 1' East. It has three aquifers, including the aquifer of recent sands with high potential in groundwater. This aquifer is in great demand for the supply of drinking water, animal watering and irrigation which is in full expansion. However, this aquifer is very sensitive to anthropogenic pollution because of its shallow depth. The objective of this study is to characterize this aquifer from the hydrogeochemical point of view and the suitability of these waters for human consumption and irrigation. The methodology applied uses classical hydrochemical approaches, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and techniques assessing t the water quality for irrigation (SAR/USSL, %Na/Wilcox, RSC). The results show that 45% of the waters are calcium chlorides and magnesium facies (CaMgCl), 33% calcium bicarbonate facies (CaHCO3) and 22% calcium chlorides facies (CaCl). Two main hydrogeochemical mechanisms which have been shown to be at the origin of the acquisition of the ions leading to these different facies are the water-rock interaction and the atmospheric precipitations. The comparison of analytical results with the WHO standard (2011) indicates that most the waters studied are mostly of good quality for all ions considered. However, some samples have levels of NO3, Fe, and F exceeding the norm. The Na levels (% Na), the SAR values and the Wilcox diagram indicate that the waters are excellent for irrigation. Keywords: Hydrochemistry, Socle, irrigation, Arid Climate, Continental Intercalary/Hamadien Niger.

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Gajdoš Kljusuric, Jasenka, Jasna Čačić, Andreja Misir, and Dražen Čačić. "Geographical region as a factor influencing consumers’ perception of functional food – case of Croatia." British Food Journal 117, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 1017–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2013-0282.

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Purpose – In recent years, consumers have developed an interest in the type and the quality of food they eat. As consumers’ opinion is very important in identifying development strategy for food industry it seems justified finding out if geographical region had an influence on consumers’ opinion. Furthermore, this is the topic that is still under researched. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ perception of functional food (FF) relative to geographical region. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaire based survey was conducted on a representative national sample with participants aged 18 and older (n=687). Participants were divided according to their place of residence taking into account difference in dietary habits, which created two geographical sets: Coastal (Adriatic) Croatia and Continental Croatia. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics and multivariate analysis as exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Findings – The results indicate that Croatian consumers are familiar with the term “FF” and that there are significant differences between two geographical sets of respondents (Coastal Croatia and Continental Croatia) in their willingness to pay for FF. Furthermore, research showed that there is a general lack of confidence in the information provided on the product labels especially in the continental region. The results have shown that “taste” and “price quality ratio” are the most important features in choosing the FF and are equally important to the consumers’ in both geographical region. Practical implications – Research results indicate a need for development of consumers’ confidence and need to focus mainly on educating consumers in label comprehension. This is particularly true for the Continental Croatia. Targeted advertising should take into account consumers’ preferences, confidence and label comprehension according to their geographical regions. Originality/value – The case study represents consumers’ opinion coming from different geographical regions (Coastal Croatia and Continental Croatia) regarding FF. In this research the most important attributes in choosing the FF were extracted.

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Vallner, L., and A. Porman. "Groundwater flow and transport model of the Estonian Artesian Basin and its hydrological developments." Hydrology Research 47, no. 4 (February 8, 2016): 814–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.104.

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The sophisticated research and management problems of the Estonian water environment are considered by means of holistic modelling. The model elaborated is based on the computer code Visual MODFLOW Classic. The model encompasses the entire Estonian Artesian Basin (EAB) and the border districts of Russia and Latvia. It involves all main aquifers and aquitards on an area of 88,000 km2. The main hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics of the study area, including the time-dependent three-dimensional distribution of groundwater heads, the direction, velocity and rate of subsurface fluxes, itemised water budgets, volumes of hydrogeological units, and durations of groundwater exchange have been determined by modelling. The palaeohydrological situation during the last continental glaciation of the EAB was reconstructed and the principal problems of the sustainable management of water environment were elucidated. The model has been used to simulate the local and cumulative rates of the base flow.

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von Baczko, M. Belen, Jeremías R. A. Taborda, and Julia Brenda Desojo. "Paleoneuroanatomy of the aetosaur Neoaetosauroides engaeus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its paleobiological implications among archosauriforms." PeerJ 6 (August 22, 2018): e5456. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5456.

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The paleoneuroanatomy of pseudosuchian archosaurs is poorly known, based on direct examination of the internal morphology of braincases and a few artificial endocasts. Among aetosaurs, only one endocast has been described almost a century ago by Case (1921) corresponding to Desmatosuchus spurensis from the Chinle Formation (Norian) of Texas, US, based on a resin cast. Here, we describe the first natural endocast of an aetosaur, Neoaetosauroides engaeus from the Los Colorados Formation (Norian) of NW Argentina, and also developed the first digital endocast of this taxon including the encephalon, cranial nerves, inner ear, and middle ear sinuses. The neuroanatomy of Neoaetosauroides engaeus exhibits several differences from that of Desmatosuchus spurensis despite their phylogenetic proximity, which may be a reflection of their different habits. The information provided by the endocasts of Neoaetosauroides engaeus about its olfactory region and the orientation of its head, based on the inclination of the inner ear, could support the proposal for an animalivorous diet, instead of an herbivorous one as in most aetosaurs. The new information here obtained contributes to the knowledge of the neuroanatomical diversity of archosauriforms and more specifically among pseudosuchians and their paleobiological roles in the Triassic continental communities.

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Orlova, Olga. "Imperatives of the Economic Integration of the Eurasian Economic Union Countries." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 1 (April 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2020.1.16.

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The development of integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries is limited by the system of imperatives that includes challenges and threats to the interests and existence of the integration block and its members. The article identifies challenges to the development of the EAEU: liberal globalization, transition to the sixth technological order, global digital transformation, challenges associated with the emergence of new development centers and a new system of international redistribution of economic growth factors. It was established that external and internal challenges that do not receive well-timed and adequate answers are transformed into a system of threats. The paper provides a list of external threats to the Eurasian integration: threats, coming from western “partners” aimed at deterring and preventing integration processes in the EAEU, threats of a military nature, as well as threats of forming alternative integration projects. The author presents the analysis of internal threats: ethnic conflicts, changing foreign policies of the participating countries, conflicts of economic and political interests, problems of the financial and payment systems, limited mutual trade and investment relations, insufficient development of the transport infrastructure, the threat of “erosion” of a single economic and transit space of EAEU if the Unit is constructed on terms of “continental” integration. It is concluded that it is necessary to counteract the listed threats with measures of an economic, military-political or other nature.

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Litvinova, V. S., V. L. Bopp, R. R. Galeev, A. E. Smirnov, and D. D. Petrov. "Formation of stable agrocenoses of corn hybrids in a sharply continental climate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/2/022040.

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Abstract The article considers the factors influencing the stability of agrocenoses of corn hybrids in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The researches were carried out for three years in the zone of sharply continental climate of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on leached low- and medium-thick chernozems. The main factors influencing the stability of agrocenoses of corn hybrids were determined. So the factor of climatic conditions affects the corn hybrids, its influence is no more than 14%. The factor of pre-sowing preparation and the precursor (cereals and fallow) showed not significant effect, no more than 2%, on the formation of agrocenoses of corn hybrids. Thus, the factor genotype of the hybrid was fundamental in determining its significance for agrocenoses. The main biometric factor that determines the productivity of corn hybrids was also identified. Correlation analysis made it possible to reveal the influence of the average plant height on the productivity index of corn, as well as on the ear weight. But at the same time, it was determined that the mass of corn ears decreases with an increase in the average height, in the structure of the crop agrocenoses of corn hybrids.

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Koltashov, Vasily. "The Prospect of Eurasian Integration After the Great Global Economic Crisis of 2008-2020." Eurasia. Expert, no. 2 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s271332140015633-3.

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The article examines the impact of the great global economic crisis of 2008-2020. on Eurasian integration, the relationship between the old and the new center of global capitalism. An analysis is made of what results, for what reasons and how the further construction of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will lead in the face of the unfriendliness of Western states and a simultaneous crisis of their strategy in the economy and politics. Namely: the formation of a large continental market, a stable system of interstate cooperation, the implementation of an interethnic protectionist policy that encourages production and consumption within the EAEU. The prospect of such development makes the project attractive for countries outside Eurasia, which leads to the birth of the Eurasian consensus as an international economic and political agenda.This will largely become decisive for the global economic agenda for 2021-2045, that is, for the period of a new upward wave according to N.D. Kondratyev.

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Safranchuk, I., and R. Makhmudov. "Connectivity and International Relations in Eurasia: Problems and Perspectives." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 10 (2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-10-24-32.

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The article analyses Eurasian international transport corridors from three perspectives: historical patterns and contemporary geopolitical struggle in Eurasia, post-Soviet political transformations and Eurasian integration. On the one hand, the development of transport infrastructure contributes to the power of Russia as the main continental power. On the other hand, it provides access for players from outside of Eurasia and helps peoples and nations of Eurasia to engage in the world system, thus disrupting the continental power’s monopoly on the region’s resources. After the dissolution of the USSR Russia’s strategic shift to openness resonated with globalization. This gave an impetus to the development of the continental transport system. The West anticipated to underpin political sovereignty of post-Soviet states with their greater economic independence from Russia by trade diversification and avoiding transit through Russia. However, the EU was also interested in creating a transport corridor to Asian states through Russia. Post-soviet states wanted to be integrated into the world trade system, and saw close ties with Russia as an obstacle. Thus, trade system diversification became one of their foreign policy main objectives, they supported both transcontinental and transregional infrastructure projects, viewing themselves as belts, connecting Europe and Asia. The “One belt, One road” initiative was most welcomed in the post-Soviet space as another tool for increased connectivity with the outside world. Although the EAEU and China have a common goal of developing Eurasian transport infrastructure, they may have political differences in the future. The EAEU states act as transit countries, while China is the main client of the infrastructure and will be interested in lower transit fees. Russia is ultimately interested in integrating and consolidating the post-Soviet space as an economic entity. Although connected to the outside world it is also deemed as substantially autonomous in strategic terms. At the same time, other international players, the West and China alike, as well post-Soviet states themselves, are more focused on connecting to the outside as an alternative to Russia’s influence in the region. Acknowledgements. The work on this article was financially supported by MGIMO University, project No. 1921-01-04.

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Sloyan, Bernadette M., Ken R. Ridgway, and Rebecca Cowley. "The East Australian Current and Property Transport at 27°S from 2012 to 2013." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 3 (March 2016): 993–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0052.1.

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AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC) is the complex and highly energetic poleward western boundary current of the South Pacific Ocean. A full-depth current meter and property (temperature and salinity) mooring array was deployed from the continental shelf to the abyssal waters off Brisbane Australia (27°S) for 18 months from April 2012 to August 2013. The EAC mooring array is an essential component of the Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS). During this period the EAC was coherent with an eddy kinetic to mean kinetic energy ratio of less than 1. The 18-month, mean, poleward-only mass transport above 2000 m is 22.1 ± 7.5 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). The mean, poleward-only heat transport and flow-weighted temperature above 2000 m are −1.35 ± 0.42 PW and 15.33°C, respectively. A difference in the poleward-only and net poleward mass and heat transports above 2000 m of 6.3 Sv and 0.24 PW reflects the presence of an equatorward EAC retroflection at the eastern (offshore) end of the mooring array. A complex empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the along-slope velocity anomalies finds that the first two modes explain 72.1% of the velocity variance. Mode 1 is dominant at periods of approximately 60 days, and mode 2 is dominant at periods of 120 days. These dominant periods agree with previous studies in the Tasman Sea south of 27°S and suggest that variability of the EAC in the Tasman Sea may be linked to variability north of 27°S.

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Wu, Shuqing, Guoping Li, Bosheng Li, and Hongmei Duan. "Chitosan-based antioxidant films incorporated with root extract of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa for active food packaging applications." e-Polymers 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-0017.

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Abstract Aralia continentalis Kitagawa and ginseng are both perennial herbs of Araliaceae. The study aimed to investigate the composite packaging films with better fresh-keeping ability. The different mass concentrations of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa root extract (ARE) 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% (v/w) were compounded with chitosan (CH) to make composite packaging films. Food-based composite film, its thickness, density, water contact angle (WCA), oxygen barrier properties (OP), solubility, swelling, transparency, water vapor permeability (WVP), and other physical properties, as well as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), Young’s modulus (YM), and the mechanical properties were measured, and the oxidation resistance, thermal properties, and biodegradability were also evaluated, and the structure was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that when the ARE content in the film was increased from 0.05 to 0.15 mg·mL−1, high antioxidant capacity of the CH/ARE film was exhibited (the DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate was increased), and the thickness, density, swelling degree, solubility, TS, EAB, and YM of the CH/ARE composite film increased, while WCA, OP, WVP, transparency, and biodegradability were slightly reduced. We had noticed that with the increase in the ARE content, the surface microstructure in CH/ARE film changed significantly, indicating the good compatibility between CH and ARE. In summary, as a natural active substance, ARE can be combined with CH to form films, and the packaging film made can effectively improve the performance of the composite film.

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Quaglia, Lucia. "Regulatory power, post-crisis transatlantic disputes, and the network structure of the financial industry." Business and Politics 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2017.1.

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AbstractThe international financial crisis was followed by waves of domestic regulatory reforms, first and foremost, in the United States and the European Union. Post-crisis financial regulation was sometimes different across jurisdictions. Moreover, the United States and the European Union sought in various ways to (re)assert their regulatory power not only vis-à-vis the market, but also with regard to other jurisdictions, which often resisted the projection of regulatory power beyond national borders. Consequently, a handful of important post-crisis transatlantic regulatory disputes emerged concerning E.U. rules on hedge funds, U.S. rules on bank structure and E.U. and U.S. rules on over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. These disputes mainly involved the terms of access to each other's markets, the equivalence between domestic rules, and the extraterritorial effects of those rules. Some of these disputes were also intra-E.U. disagreements, whenever the preferences of the United Kingdom were different from those of Continental countries and similar to those of the United States. The network structure of the financial industry and the patterns of financial interdependence across the Atlantic amplified the extra territorial effects of domestic reforms, but at the same time triggered an active involvement of the transnational financial industry in the management and, eventually, the settlement of these disputes.

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Middleton, JH, P. Coutis, DA Griffin, A. Macks, A. McTaggart, MA Merrifield, and GJ Nippard. "Circulation and water mass characteristics of the southern Great Barrier Reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940001.

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Data acquired during a winter (May) cruise of the RV Franklin to the southern Great Barrier Reef indicate that the dynamics of the shelf/slope region are governed by the tides, the poleward-flowing East Australian Current (EAC), and the complex topography. Over the Marion Plateau in water deeper than - 100 m, the EAC appears to drive a slow clockwise circulation. Tides appear to be primarily responsible for shelf/slope currents in the upper layers, with evidence of nutrient uplift from the upper slope to the outer shelf proper in the Capricorn Channel. Elsewhere, the bottom Ekrnan flux of the strongly poleward-flowing EAC enhances the sloping isotherms associated with the longshore geostrophic balance, pumping nutrient-rich waters from depth to the upper continental slope. Generally, shelf waters are cooler than oceanic waters as a consequence of surface heat loss by radiation. A combination of heat loss and evaporation from waters flowing in the shallows of the Great Sandy Strait appears to result in denser 'winter mangrove waters' exporting low-oxygen, high-nutrient waters onto the shelf both north and south of Fraser Island; these subsequently mix with shelf waters and finally flow offshore at - 100 m depth, just above the salinity-maximum layer, causing anomalous nutrient values in the region of Fraser Island.

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Zhang, Xilin, Dejiang Fan, Yuan Tian, Zhilei Sun, Bin Zhai, Ming Liu, Bin Chen, and Zuosheng Yang. "Quantitative reconstruction of the East Asian Winter Monsoon evolution over the past 100 years: Evidence from high-resolution sedimentary records of the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea." Holocene 30, no. 7 (March 10, 2020): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620908661.

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The East Asian Monsoon (EAM) is a regional factor affecting the East Asian climate and the oceanographic processes of the marginal seas along the Western Pacific. Finding proxies for the EAM intensity and reconstructing the interannual and interdecadal variations of the EAM using high-resolution records are necessary to improve our understanding of the EAM’s role in the global climate system and for predicting climate change. In this paper, high-resolution sedimentary records of sedimentary core C0702 obtained from the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea were comprehensively analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer, an ItraxTM core scanner, and a 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclide analyzer to explore potential proxies for the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM). By combining the obtained results with instrumental observations of the EAM, we established a quantitative formula for the EAWM, which enables to reconstruct the evolution trend of the EAWM during the past 130 years. The sensitive grain-size component F2, with a grain-size range of 14.35–230 µm, and principal component PC1 of the sedimentary deposits of the East China Sea inner shelf can be used as EAWM proxies. The evolution of EAWM in 1880–1950 could be roughly divided into two stages: a weak EAWM period from 1882 to 1900 and a strong EAWM period from 1900 to 1945. This study improves our understanding of the variations in the EAWM on interannual and interdecadal temporal scales.

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Nourisson, Michel, and Alain Thiéry. "Introduction pratique à la systématique des organismes des eaux continentales françaises. - 9. Crustacés Branchiopodes (Anostracés, Notostracés, Conchostracés)." Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 57, no. 3 (1988): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/linly.1988.10822.

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Giudicelli, Jean, and Alain Thiéry. "La faune des mares temporaires, son originalité et son intérêt pour la biodiversité des eaux continentales méditerranéennes." Ecologia mediterranea 24, no. 2 (1998): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.1998.1857.

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