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Globalization is occurring increasingly at the expense of social, environmental and labor improvements, and is causing rising inequality for most of the world. Localization, by contrast, is a process that reverses the trend of globalization by discriminating in favor of the local. The policies bringing about localization are those which increase control of the economy by communities and nation states. The result should be an increase in community cohesion, a reduction in poverty and inequality, and an improvement in livelihoods, social infrastructure and environmental protection, and hence an increase in the all-important sense of security.
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Borzykh, А. "Scientific fundamentals of the formation of state policy in the plant quarantine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 63 (November 20, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2017.63.3-12.
Continually occur thousands of invasions (natural and anthropogenic) harmful organisms into the territory of the country. Alien organisms can acclimatize, take new ecological niches, and compete successfully with local species, sometimes causing irreversible environmental processes and significant economic losses. The development of scientific foundations for identifying and preventing the introduction of regulated pests into the territory of Ukraine involves, first of all, the improvement of the theoretical foundations of quarantine, the development of systems and, in particular, measures to protect the territories from the penetration of the missing and the localization of foci of limited pest infectious organisms.
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Myers, Allison E., Brian G. Southwell, Kurt M. Ribisl, Sarah Moreland-Russell, J. Michael Bowling, and Leslie A. Lytle. "State-Level Point-of-Sale Tobacco News Coverage and Policy Progression Over a 2-Year Period." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917752108.
Background. Mass media content may play an important role in policy change. However, the empirical relationship between media advocacy efforts and tobacco control policy success has rarely been studied. We examined the extent to which newspaper content characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) that have been identified as important in past descriptive studies were associated with policy progression over a 2-year period in the context of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco control. Method. We used regression analyses to test the relationships between newspaper content and policy progression from 2012 to 2014. The dependent variable was the level of implementation of state-level POS tobacco control policies at Time 2. Independent variables were newspaper article characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) and were collected via content analysis of the articles. State-level policy environment contextual variables were examined as confounders. Results. Positive, significant bivariate relationships exist between characteristics of news content (e.g., high overall volume, public health source present, local quote and local angle present, and pro–tobacco control slant present) and Time 2 POS score. However, in a multivariate model controlling for other factors, significant relationships did not hold. Discussion. Newspaper coverage can be a marker of POS policy progression. Whether media can influence policy implementation remains an important question. Future work should continue to tease out and confirm the unique characteristics of media content that are most associated with subsequent policy progression, in order to inform media advocacy efforts.
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Levidow, Les, and Sujatha Raman. "Sociotechnical imaginaries of low-carbon waste-energy futures: UK techno-market fixes displacing public accountability." Social Studies of Science 50, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 609–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720905084.
To implement EU climate policy, the UK’s New Labour government (1997–2010) elaborated an ecomodernist policy framework. It promoted technological innovation to provide low-carbon renewable energy, especially by treating waste as a resource. This framework discursively accommodated rival sociotechnical imaginaries, understood as visions of feasible and desirable futures available through technoscientific development. According to the dominant imaginary, techno-market fixes stimulate low-carbon technologies by making current centralized systems more resource-efficient (as promoted by industry incumbents). According to the alternative eco-localization imaginary, a shift to low-carbon systems should instead localize resource flows, output uses and institutional responsibility (as promoted by civil society groups). The UK government policy framework gained political authority by accommodating both imaginaries. As we show by drawing on three case studies, the realization of both imaginaries depended on institutional changes and material-economic resources of distinctive kinds. In practice, financial incentives drove technological design towards trajectories that favour the dominant sociotechnical imaginary, while marginalizing the eco-localization imaginary and its environmental benefits. The ecomodernist policy framework relegates responsibility to anonymous markets, thus displacing public accountability of the state and industry. These dynamics indicate the need for STS research on how alternative sociotechnical imaginaries mobilize support for their realization, rather than be absorbed into the dominant imaginary.
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GHORI, Umair Hafeez. "“Reverse Permissibility” in the Renewable Energy Sector: Going Beyond the US-India Solar Cells Dispute." Asian Journal of International Law 8, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 322–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204425131600028x.
AbstractRecent years have witnessed a rise in conflict between WTO members over the use of state subsidies designed to promote the renewable energy sector. Government subsidies are seen by domestic polic-ymakers as a key catalyst in attracting foreign investment, building capacity, and meeting other domestic policy goals. However, subsidies and other state incentivization programmes often carry trade-distorting effects. This paper examines the current state of WTO law and jurisprudence on subsidies extended to achieve environmental goals, in particular the Canada-Renewable Energy/Feed-in Tariff case and the more recent India-Solar Cells case which higlights the localization problem in the renewable energy sector. The case outcome shows that the WTO continues to maintain the status quo by prioritizing free trade over environmental considerations. The paper also discusses the possibility of reform in the GATT/WTO framework for promotion of renewable energy initiatives while maintaining the integrity of the system.
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Schwindenhammer, Sandra. "The New Regionalism in Global Organic Agricultural Governance Through Standards: A Cross-Regional Comparison." Global Environmental Politics 18, no. 3 (August 2018): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00469.
In recent years, scholars in global environmental politics have contributed to the development of regional environmental governance (REG) research. This article contributes to the ongoing debate from an international relations perspective. It provides findings from a comprehensive qualitative comparative analysis of the six regional organic agriculture standards (OAS) in Europe, East Africa, the Pacific, Central America, and Asia. Building on research on norm localization, the analysis draws attention to interactions between the global and regional regulatory levels, regional issue-specific normative infrastructures, and the pooling of different sources of political authority by transnational entrepreneurs and regional agents. The analysis serves three purposes in the light of the ongoing debate on REG: (1) to conduct systematic comparative research; (2) to locate regional OAS within the context of conceptual debates about global norm and policy diffusion, critical norm research, policy mobilities, and comparative regionalism; and (3) to outline future areas of research.
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Torretta, Vincenzo, and Gabriela Ionescu. "Environmental assessment of the MSW treatment from the transport point of view." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0043.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to point out some important elements that can be useful to minimize the impacts and the results can possibly inform business and policy makers about how to minimize the impacts associated to the municipal solid waste (MSW) collection. Design/methodology/approach – The present work faces with the problem of transport, placing attention to the relationship of emissions from scenarios that has been selected between real systems of management. Findings – The choices related to the typology of treatment has the same importance to the item concerning the correct localization of the plant for the implications related to the environmental pressure due to the transport of waste. Originality/value – An important aspect that has to be considered in terms of MSW management is the stage of collection. The emissions generated from these systems can arrive to values that are of the same order of magnitude of emissions from combustion of waste in waste-to-energy plants according to some scenarios.
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Williams, E., and FJ Papatheofanis. "PCN21 4D LOCALIZATION SYSTEM WITH TRANSPONDERS FOR CONTINUOUS TARGET LOCALIZATION FOR SET-UP AND TRACKING DURING RADIATION THERAPY: EARLY HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT." Value in Health 9, no. 3 (May 2006): A110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)64646-3.
Emissions from motor vehicles have gained the attention of government agencies. To alleviate air pollution and reduce the petroleum demand from vehicles in China, the policy of “oil to gas” was vigorously carried out. Qingdao began to promote the use of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in 2003. By the end of 2016, there were 9460 natural gas (NG) taxis in Qingdao, which accounted for 80% of the total taxis. An understanding of policy implementation for emission reductions is required. Experiments to obtain the taxi driving conditions and local parameters were investigated and an international vehicle emissions (IVE) localization model was established. Combined with vehicle mass analysis system (VMAS) experiments, the IVE localization model was amended and included the taxi pollutant emission factors. The result indicates that annual total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from actual taxis are 6411.87 t, carbureted hydrogen (HC) emissions are 124.85 t, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are 1397.44 t and particulate matter (PM) emissions are 8.9 t. When the taxis are running on pure natural gas, the annual emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM are 4942.3 t, 48.15 t, 1496.01 t and 5.13 t, respectively. Unregulated emissions of annual total formaldehydes, benzene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadience emissions from an actual taxi are 65.99 t, 4.68 t, 1.04 t and 8.83 t. When the taxi is running on pure natural gas, the above unregulated emissions are 12.11 t, 1.27 t, 1.5 t and 0.02 t, respectively.
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Altingoz, Mehmet, and Saleem H. Ali. "Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border." Journal of Environment & Development 28, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519859680.
Due to historical grievances, Armenia and Turkey experience severe international conflicts and do not maintain diplomatic ties. Yet, as a vestige of the Soviet period, when Armenia was not an independent country, both nations share the Arpacay/Akhuryan Dam, and riparian cooperation exists at the local level. We observed that local cross-border water institutions are authorized to manage the dam and do so via polycentric management principles. We suggest that such a devolved model of governance facilitates this unique cooperation. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between private management of water resources in such areas and the ability to sustain cooperation. However, so far, the positive impacts of this cooperation on improving international relations have been little, if any. We suggest that what makes cooperation possible in this context also inhibits its expansion to broader peacebuilding. We also suggest that increased localization of management, coincident with improved relations, maximizes cooperation potential.
Дисертації з теми "Environmental policy localization":
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Lilja, Ellen. "The role of nature-based solutions for ecological urban planning in the sustainable city : How is the Green Space Factor system presented in urban planning strategies?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43614.
The thesis covers the role of the Green Space Factor (GSF) system as a nature-based solution for ecological urban planning in the sustainable city. One main focus for sustainable urban development is the aspect of constructing green spaces and green buildings in order to improve land-use efficiencies and thus minimize negative environmental impacts. Hence, in this study research is made through conducting a qualitative municipal document analysis on how the GSF system is portrayed and implemented in urban planning strategies based on the municipalities of Malmö and Gothenburg. To limit the study, two urban areas are selected for further investigation, the Western harbour in Malmö City and the Freeport in Gothenburg City. The documents included in the study are based on three categories of developing the chosen urban areas: visions, area programs and detailed plans. From the document analysis, several categories or themes were extracted consisting of future goals and vision, actors and trademarks, visionary sustainability, climate change adaptation strategies, sustainable urban development models, green infrastructure, and lastly strategies and design principles of the Western harbour and the Freeport. The results are analysed through the theory of neoliberalised urban climate change adaptation strategies and green fix as crisis management. In order to include the local context of sustainable urban development, environmental policy localization is also included in the analysis of the results. The results from the analysis of the empirical material show that the municipalities of Malmö and Gothenburg have implemented the GSF planning system into the local context of their visions, area programs and detailed plans of both the Western harbour and the Freeport. The GSF system is included in both urban planning strategies through indirect terminologies connected to general sustainable development, such as climate change adaptation, green infrastructure and design principles showcasing the desired sustainability strategies. However, the results present the risk of market-based sustainability trademarking. The study concludes on the mark that it is important for the cities to on one hand implement the GSF system into the overall policies design, and on another hand face sustainable urban development at a variety of spatial scales in order to meet the external requirements originating in the localization of environmental policies.
Книги з теми "Environmental policy localization":
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1928-, Goldsmith Edward, and Mander Jerry, eds. The case against the global economy: And for a turn towards localization. London: Earthscan, 2001.
Частини книг з теми "Environmental policy localization":
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Merlone, U. "Population Symbiotic Evolution in a Model of Industrial Districts." In Handbook of Research on Nature-Inspired Computing for Economics and Management, 301–16. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-984-7.ch021.
This chapter considers a model of industrial districts where different populations interact symbiotically. The approach consists of the parallel implementation of the model with jESOF and plain C++. We consider a district decomposition where two populations, workers and firms, cooperate while behaving independently. We can find interesting effects both in terms of worker localization consequences and of the dynamic complexity of the model, with policy resistance aspects.By using a multiple implementation strategy, we compare the advantages of the two modeling techniques and highlight the benefits arising when the same model is implemented on radically different simulation environments; furthermore we discuss and examine the results of our simulations in terms of policy-making effects.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Environmental policy localization":
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Ali-Qureshi, Zulfiqar. "Integrated Top Down Dynamic and Hybrid Life Cycle Analysis Based Sustainable Design Approaches for New Product Development." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29131.
Environment friendly design methodology is a valid trade-off between the degrees of freedom and the sustainable solution. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to calculate the environmental impact from the product and the manufacturing systems from cradle to grave including the consumption of all types of the resources. However, complexity of the LCA restricts its usefulness in the current state-of-the-art product and process system development. Most often, companies ignore to adopt a top-down approach and make a post manufacturing environmental audit. In fast-paced new product design process, the longevity of the product and the process development time has been reduced to its lowest level. Therefore, it has become rather difficult to meet the increasing competition of involving change, quicker response to the market as there exists a rapid change in the market economy. Infact the broader design principles suggests to create a product with sole functions and the architecture with no waste or refuse of recycling or refuse of incinerators to go in to grave of the land fill. Therefore, the preliminary design stages are simple and a bottom-up approach for the environmentally-conscience design is insufficient. Thus, the proposal is to make more functionally-oriented set of specific principles to not only directly satisfy the regulations but also provide design valuable attribute. In this context, an integrated top down dynamic & hybrid life cycle analysis-based design approach is presented to address above-mentioned issues with the company policy perspective and to satisfy the regulations and national/international standards in the wake of emerging localization paradigm in manufacturing system.
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Júnior, Henrique, and Daniel Figueiredo. "Improving Monte Carlo Localization Performance Using Strategic Navigation Policies." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9311.
An important problem in robotics is to determine and maintain the position of a robot that moves through a previously known environment with indistinguishable reference points. This problem is made difficult due to the inherent noise in robot movement and identification of reference points and due to multiple identical reference points. Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) is a frequently used technique to solve this problem and its performance intuitively depends on how the robot explores the map. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of MCL under different navigation policies. In particular, we propose a novel navigation policy that aims in reducing the uncertainty in the robot's location by making a greedy movement at every step. We show that this navigation policy can significantly outperform random movements, particularly when the map has few reference points. Moreover, differently from random movements, the performance of the proposed navigation policy is not monotonic with the number of reference points on the map.
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D'Alfonso, Luigi, Antonio Grano, Pietro Muraca, and Paolo Pugliese. "Mobile robot localization in an unknown environment using sonar sensors and an incidence angle based sensors switching policy — Experimental results." In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6565163.
