Статті в журналах: "Financial circumstances"

1

Weller, C. E. "Financial Crises After Financial Liberalisation: Exceptional Circumstances or Structural Weakness?" Journal of Development Studies 38, no. 1 (October 2001): 98–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322201.

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2

Harding, Jamie. "Financial circumstances, financial difficulties and academic achievement among first-year undergraduates." Journal of Further and Higher Education 35, no. 4 (November 2011): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0309877x.2011.584969.

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3

Graham, Hilary. "The Changing Financial Circumstances of Households with Children." Children & Society 8, no. 2 (December 18, 2007): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1994.tb00418.x.

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4

Jessop, Donna C., Carolina Herberts, and Lucy Solomon. "The impact of financial circumstances on student health." British Journal of Health Psychology 10, no. 3 (September 2005): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910705x25480.

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5

Kuosmanen, Petri, Jaana Rahko, and Juuso Vataja. "Predictive ability of financial variables in changing economic circumstances." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 47 (January 2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.11.012.

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6

Yin, Xuluo, Xuan Xu, Qi Chen, and Jiangang Peng. "The Sustainable Development of Financial Inclusion: How Can Monetary Policy and Economic Fundamental Interact with It Effectively?" Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092524.

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It is necessary to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and circumstances-monetary policy and economic fundamentals, which has a practical reference value for policy makers. This paper studies the impact of the circumstances on financial inclusion factors by using a vector autoregressive method. Empirical results show that monetary policy has a short-term positive impact on financial inclusion factors, while the economic fundamental has the opposite, which means that the positive monetary policy promote the development of financial inclusion in the short term and the sudden change of the economic situation will make it harder. Based on the data of the World Bank and the situation of China, we make an analysis and comparison of the empirical results, and draw two implications: first, the sustainable development of financial inclusion needs a suitable circumstance; second, the appropriate coordination and mutual facilitation of economic fundamentals and finance is conducive to the sustainable development of financial inclusion.

7

Dias, Marcelo, and Matias Ramirez. "Niche evolution, external circumstances, and network transformation." Revista Brasileira de Inovação 19 (July 6, 2020): e0200011. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8657550.

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This article analyses the impact of external factors on niche evolution and, in particular, the change from a technical niche into a socio-technical niche. When we review the literature on niche evolution, we find that discussions on the impact of external factors on niche evolution are not clear, particularly, on new financial sponsors’ expectations. Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the following research question: Do changes in public financial resources contribute to transforming a technical niche into a socio-technical niche? We analysed an agricultural innovation niche case based on Butiá Native Fruits (e.g. Butiá odorata and others species), developed mainly by Temperate Climate Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) to understand whether and how external factors might contribute to an evolution of a niche. We found that new financial sponsors’ expectations can cause an important change in the evolution of a niche. Before the existence of a new external finance sponsor, the technical network niche was composed of research organisations and researchers working on isolated projects. However, after a new external finance sponsor was found, the network or organisations moved into experimental activities, upscaling, and outscaling, and began to incorporate multilevel organisations and people. Consequently, a more complex, coordinated organisation was created that incorporated social co-production, democracy, and participation, and the niche progressed towards a socio-technical niche.

8

Parnicki, Pavle, Danijela Živković-Petrović, and Jelena Tucaković. "Financial malpractice as a destabilization factor of real financial reporting." Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici 57, no. 45 (2021): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aneksub2145149p.

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In the text of this scientific research we pointed out the natural correlation between the phenomenon of undertaking manipulative actions on financial and accounting reports by corporations, in circumstances of intensification, acceleration, as well as multiplication of fiscal pressure by the representatives of the management at the macroeconomic level. Also, with explications and scientific conclusions, we pointed out the destabilizing moments of consistent implementation of the principles of corporate governance, particularly in the circumstances of actual resorting to the use of different techniques of financial malversations by corporations or microeconomic entities as well as by individual households, because, in the etymological sense, they are also accepted as microeconomic subjects. At the same time, with the technique of optical laser guidance, we marked economic barriers and in the constellation of the subject matter without tendentious finger-pointing at individuals. Exclusively, using the technique of criticizing the contaminated state, the detection of neuralgic points of inhibition of optimal economic flows was performed, analysed through the prism of the need to respect the principles of corporate management.

9

Kurihara, Yutaka. "Deterministic Elements of Promoting Financial Services." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (October 7, 2020): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.9152.

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Recently, FinTech (financial technology) and related services have improved greatly. Along with this trend, AI (artificial intelligence) has received a lot of attention as well. Financial institutions have been introducing FinTech and AI for improving efficiency and the quality of services. The aim of this study is to investigate the deterministic elements of promoting financial services. Focusing on two elements, 1) human skills and 2) social circumstances, empirical analyses are conducted to examine the deterministic elements. The empirical results show that finance skill and digital technological skill are both deterministic elements of financial services. Additionally, population growth, finance and banking regulation, and development and application of technology are also deterministic elements. However, whether the population over 65 years is a deterministic elements or not is not clear. To promote the quality of financial services, not only are human skills important, but social circumstances are also important. To make the circumstances clear is inevitable to promote financial services and to improve efficiency. Making these elements a reality, people will be able to enjoy high quality financial services.

10

Gillen, Martie, Karen A. Zurlo, and Hyungsoo Kim. "Do Financial Constraints Affect Depressive Symptomatology Among Mid-Aged and Older Adults?" International Journal of Aging and Human Development 85, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017697724.

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The relationship between financial constraints and depressive symptomatology among adults aged 50 and greater was examined. The mediating effect of perceived control over one’s financial circumstances on this relationship was assessed. Ordinary least square hierarchical regression models were estimated using data from the Health and Retirement Study. As an aggregated measure, financial constraints were positively associated with depression in mid-age and late life, and this relationship was partially accounted for by the pathway of perceived control over one’s financial circumstances. When disaggregated as a measure, financial constraints at the individual level had a significant effect on depression, while financial constraints at the family and public levels did not have a significant effect. When added to the model, perceived control over one’s financial circumstances had a significant effect on depressive symptomatology, financial constraints remained significant at the individual level.

11

Karasmanis, Eva P. "Doing science in difficult socioeconomic circumstances." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 11 (June 2018): 1271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0645.

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Doing scientific research can be a challenging, but creative and rewarding career. However, the challenge of doing research is orders of magnitude more difficult for scientists lacking access to the necessary resources. Resource-scarce environments are quite common worldwide and are highly contingent on the financial and social climate of one’s location. Through the experiences of four scientists, this Perspective explores the challenges associated with doing research in disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances. By reflecting on the humble beginnings of these scientists, we examine the motivation to stay in or leave one’s home country, and how hardships can be leveraged to cultivate passionate and productive researchers.

12

Bisgaier, J., and K. V. Rhodes. "Cumulative Adverse Financial Circumstances: Associations with Patient Health Status and Behaviors." Health & Social Work 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/36.2.129.

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13

Soseco, Thomas, Dwi Wulandari, Sugeng Hadi Utomo, and Bagus Shandy Narmaditya. "House Ownership Circumstances in Rural Area: Evidence from Indonesia." Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB) 6, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpeb.006.2.2.

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Barriers to entry of housing affordability are not only existed in urban but also in rural areas. This condition makes rural households difficult to obtain their own house. However, it is still common for them to ask help from parents, in term of financial support or buy the house for them. The purpose of this paper aimed at understanding the phenomenon of society in the rural area to meet their need for house ownership. This research used the descriptive method, employed 15 participants in the Village of Olak-Alen, District of Selorejo, Regency of Blitar, Indonesia. The results of this research showed that newly formed households find their most significant obstacle to own house is inadequate income. Their low income is majorly caused by lack of financial literacy and insufficient work experience.

14

Krześniak, Anna. "From illiquid financial instrument to market distress – selected institutional circumstances of the credit crisis." Equilibrium 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2009.003.

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The recently observed credit crunch is yet another market disruption confirming the critical role of liquidity in the financial system. It is however the first time that illiquidity of a single financial instrument has led to illiquidity of a significant part of the financial system. Although the credit crisis had limited effect on the Polish economy, thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary to properly monitor the financial stability in the future, as the Polish financial system gets more integrated into the global one. The article discusses selected mechanisms of the crisis and concentrates on the characteristics of the financial markets that led to the sudden spill-over of the turbulence in the global financial markets. The paper highlights the two types of risk, which were underestimated in the past, but played a major role in instigating and magnifying the recent crisis. The first one is the liquidity risk, which may undermine the reliability of the mark-to-market valuation and produce extreme price volatility once the confidence in such valuations is eroded. The second one is the counterparty risk which results from concentration of market turnover in the period of rapidly growing volumes of derivatives traded in the market. The article leads to the conclusion that the lack of transparency and liquidity on the credit risk markets triggered the severe financial crisis in the global financial market. The analysis of the liquidity risk and the counterparty risk illustrates that some institutions became crucial for the functioning not only domestic but also global markets.

15

Hogan, Warren, and Ian G. Sharpe. "Financial System Reform: Regulatory Structure, Financial Safety, Systemic Stability and Competition Policy." Economic and Labour Relations Review 8, no. 2 (December 1997): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469700800209.

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The paper provides an assessment of the recommendations of the Financial System Inquiry and the Government's reform proposals relating to the regulatory structure, financial safety and the mega-prudential regulator, systemic stability, and competition policy in the financial sector. It is argued that key reform proposals are based on explicit or implicit assumptions relating to the workings of financial markets and institutions. The Report fails to test those assumptions against contemporary and prospective circumstances to determine the practical worth of the recommendations.

16

Payne, Roy, and J. Graham Jones. "Social class and re-employment: Changes in health and perceived financial circumstances." Journal of Organizational Behavior 8, no. 2 (April 1987): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030080208.

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17

Zakergaeva, K. M., and P. G. Isaeva. "Priorities for upgrading the Russian lending system in the current circumstances." National Interests: Priorities and Security 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.8.1518.

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Subject. The article focuses on the lending system in the banking sector of Russia. Objectives. We examine and set priorities for modernizing the Russian lending system in the current circumstances. Methods. The article represents the statistical analysis of macroeconomic developments, estimates of the banking sector performance. Results. We indicate what the financial system shall mainly address and how banking resources can increase their contribution to the socio-economic development of the territory. The financial position of customers shall be evaluated on the differential basis, considering the industrial specifics of their business, inter alia, for making loan and similar reserves, imposing less strict requirements to additional information on borrowers. Conclusions and Relevance. Macroprudential regulation is one of the most important and extensive objectives to improve the financial market in Russia. The mandatory centralized clearance seems promising with respect to OTC derivatives if viewed by assessing the economic motivation for using the clearance that involves the central counterpart, as compared with bilateral deals. The actions are supposed to positively influence the development of the national economy. The findings can be used to examine development trends in the Russian banking sector.

18

Markarian, Garen, Antonio Parbonetti, and Gary John Previts. "Circumstances relating to interlocking directorates in Italy: An exploratory study." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 2 (2007): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i2c1p4.

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Despite a large body of research in the management, accounting, economics, and finance literatures, the relationship between board composition and firm performance is still controversial and ripe for debate (for a recent study, see Boone et al., 2004). Utilizing the theoretical approach of Zahra and Pearce (1989) that identifies the three key roles of the board as oversight, strategy, and service, we examine the effects of having board interlocks between an industrial firm and of financial services firm, and firm characteristics. Using publicly available data on all listed Italian firms for the year 2001, we find that for industrial firms, there is a positive relationship between the number of board interlocks with a bank and current year return on assets, however, the opposite is true for financial services firms. Finally, we find no relationship between interlocking directorates with banks and firm capital structure

19

Hill, katherine. "Le dinamiche del reddito nella terza etŕ." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (December 2009): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2009-003008.

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- Later life can be seen as period of income stability compared to other stages of the life course, and a key issue for older people in low income households is that they have limited means of pro-actively improving their financial situation. This article draws on a qualitative longitudinal study which explored how older people experienced changes in their financial circumstances across a two year period. The findings demonstrate that even where people did not feel that their financial circumstances had changed overall, this did not necessarily indicate a steady state. The study explored the interrelationship between changes in income and outgoings, as well as changing needs, and this article provides an insight into how social and personal resources are drawn on to help manage financial change and maintain stability. In doing so, it illustrates the extent of work that can be involved in maintaining a steady state in constrained circumstances.

20

SHERSTIUK, Oleksandr. "AUDIT IN REALIZATION OF INTERESTS OF USERS OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-13.

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The features of the movement of financial information between its issuers and users are investigated. The main types of changes occurring in financial information based on the results of management decisions are identified. The necessity and mechanisms of providing confidence in financial information were substantiated. A model of financial information movement has been developed. The influence of the auditor's opinion on financial information and the results of its use on the behavior of the issuer and the user is proved. It was determined that the consequences of such effects may vary in the range of unconditional decision based on audited financial information to the same unconditional rejection of its use. The implementation of management decisions can lead to changes in objects that are characterized, in particular, by financial information. To identify such changes, it appropriate to recognize the presence of several of their types: 1) changes occurring in the quantitative characteristics of objects. These changes, in our opinion, may result from the occurrence of circumstances for the identification of new physical units of objects or the termination of such circumstances for existing objects; 2) changes occurring in the cost characteristics of objects. In our opinion, they can be a consequence of changing circumstances associated with the definition of the value of individual physical units of objects and / or their groups; 3) combined changes, the reasons of which we consider simultaneous changes in circumstances, which lead to the need to revise both the quantitative and cost characteristics of objects. The existence of the positive influence of the expansion of the financial information circulation circle on the level of trust to the user is substantiated.

21

Ivanović, Zoran, and Elvis Mujačević. "FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES - INTEREST RATE SWAP." Tourism and hospitality management 10, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.10.3-4.12.

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Swap as a portfolio of forward contract is a financial derivative traded on the over-the-counter market. In its basic form, swap is based on the exchange of future cash flows between two market participants in accordance with the agreed terms. The cash flows that are exchanged are the interest payments and in some circumstances even the notional amount, and transactions are carried out in a period of two to thirty years. Swaps first appeared in 80's, and have evolved from back-to-back loans.

22

Marsani, Muhammad Fadhil, and Ani Shabri. "The distribution of extreme share return in different Malaysian economic circumstances." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n1.1356.

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This study evaluated the performance of probability distribution in various financial periods by investigating the effect of economic cycle on extreme stock return activity. Malaysian stock price KLCI data from 1994–2008 were split into three economy periods correspond to the growth, financial crisis, and the recovery. Four prevalent distributions specifically generalized lambda distribution (GLD), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), and generalized pareto (GPA) were employed to model weekly and monthly maximum and minimum Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) share returns. The L-moment approach was used to estimate the parameter while k-sample Anderson darling (k-ad) test was applied to measure the goodness of fit estimation. In conclusion, GLD is the most appropriate distribution representing a weekly maximum minimum return for overall three economic scenarios in Malaysia.

23

Alikperova, N. V. "Formation of Financially Competent Behaviour of the Population: Risks and security Conditions." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 10, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2020-10-3-86-91.

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This article considers the possibility of forming financially competent behaviour in the conditions of increased risks caused by current shock economic circumstances, as well as requirements for ensuring personal material security. The financial security of citizens depends directly on their daily decisions. An incorrect choice of a financial service provider, inattentive reading of contract terms, and lack of financial discipline can lead to a difficult financial situation. The increasing complexity of the financial market, the emergence of entirely new products and services, their digitalization, the development of the digital field of interaction of financial market participants, and, at the same time, the formation of new types of fraud, are a kind of signal for vigilance on the part of the population. It increases not only financial but also digital and legal literacy, awareness of all aspects and “rules of the game” in the financial market, when interacting with financial institutions.

24

Koltai, Jonathan, Alex Bierman, and Scott Schieman. "Financial circumstances, mastery, and mental health: Taking unobserved time-stable influences into account." Social Science & Medicine 202 (April 2018): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.019.

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25

Eppich, Rand, and José Luis García Grinda. "Sustainable financial management of tangible cultural heritage sites." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 282–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-11-2018-0081.

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PurposeThere are many threats to cultural heritage including armed conflict and natural disasters such as earthquakes, fire and flooding. It is understandable that these dramatic events frequently capture the world’s attention. However, a far more considerable danger is inadequate management a lack of financial resources to conduct continuous conservation and maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the current state of financial sustainability at a limited selection set of tangible immovable cultural heritage sites and investigate why this critical aspect is deficient. Case studies have been identified where management improved, and a level of financial sustainability is achieved.Design/methodology/approachTo improve the conservation of tangible immovable cultural heritage sites, a specific definition of financial sustainability is required, which significantly differs from the management of for-profit activities and even other non-profit cultural institutions such as museums, and takes into account the special requirements for conservation and education, additional values, site access and the wide variety of places that range from archaeological sites to single structures. The methodology began with researching the definition of financial sustainability from non-profit institutions then refining through the application it to a defined and limited selection set of World Heritage properties. World Heritage properties were selected, given the wealth of data readily available. Following this larger selection, several evaluation case studies were selected for further investigation including an analysis of the management circumstances and how greater financial sustainability was achieved. The investigation initially relied on secondary sources including academic articles, thesis, management plans, nomination dossiers, reactive monitoring mission reports, newspaper articles, periodic reporting and required State of Conservation Reports. The case study investigation relied on primary sources including observational site visits and interviews using an informal questionnaire. Findings were later verified by follow up interviews.FindingsThe research led to a definition of financial sustainability specifically for tangible cultural heritage sites that included five components, namely, management planning, revenue identification, expenditure analysis, administration and strategic planning, and, most importantly, alignment and support of cultural, educational and conservation mission. A majority of World Heritage properties in this study fall short of this definition of financial sustainability and do not sufficiently address this issue. Research revealed that there is a need for more dialogue with informed data on the financial aspects of managing tangible cultural heritage sites as most locations studied are not able to efficiently manage funds or take full advantage of possible opportunities. However, a few sites have achieved greater financial sustainability. The research describes the identified five critical circumstances in further defining financial sustainability: a conducive and open planning environment, knowledge and education, positive perceptions concerning the importance of finance, managerial autonomy and public interest. These circumstances permitted better management of existing funding and an environment for innovation.Research limitations/implicationsResearch limitations during the initial study included a hesitation or unwillingness to discuss financial details, a general lack of statistics, a lack of knowledge related to finance, a prejudice against the topic and a concern over the commodification of cultural heritage. However, as the case studies identified achieved greater financial sustainability, this was less of a limitation. Additional limitations included the necessity to conduct interviews via telephone and in European languages, English, Spanish and Italian. The final limitation was that this study only focused on single tangible cultural heritage sites and excluded larger sites such as entire cities and intangible or movable cultural heritage.Practical implicationsThe circumstances, which comprise the definition, identified during the research lead to a number of possibilities for improving the financial sustainability. The first is not to place emphasis on a management plan but in fostering an environment that encourages financial planning. The second circumstance is to improve the knowledge and education of finance for site managers. Third, a positive perception of finance, standard business practice and surplus generating activities must occur. Fourth, financial management must be devolved to individual sites. Finally, the public must be involved to ensure financial sustainability. There must be initiatives to frequently include the local community and encourage participation.Social implicationsMost cultural heritage sites are financially dependent upon the state, and this will likely continue, but it is improbable to expect full financial support ad infinitum. Overdependence on highly variable top-down funding leaves cultural heritage vulnerable and open to uncertainty. While it is unrealistic to expect most sites to become financially self-sufficient or that managers will suddenly become entrepreneurs, it is reasonable to expect some improvement. The goal should not be to create a business from cultural heritage but to improve financial management for greater sustainability. Financially sustainability ensures that sites are conserved and maintained for future generations.Originality/valueThe need to preserve cultural heritage is widely recognized by many different segments of society. However, the availability of financial resources to sustain conservation is often deficient or overlooked. Without taking measures for continued financial support, tangible cultural heritage is at risk as preventive maintenance is ignored and essential personnel and their skills are lost. Commodification of cultural heritage is of great concern and, when used as a means of generating income, it can compromise other values. Thus, a critical balancing act must be achieved by those who care about the historic, aesthetic and scientific values.

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Yangdol, Rigzin, and Mandira Sarma. "Demand-side Factors for Financial Inclusion: A Cross-country Empirical Analysis." International Studies 56, no. 2-3 (April 2019): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881719849246.

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The importance of an inclusive financial system in the overall growth and economic development of a nation is well recognized. While most studies on financial inclusion use supply-side data, this article presents a demand-side analysis of factors associated with financial inclusion. Making use of a large cross-country data on financial inclusion status and individual characteristics of adult individuals, we econometrically establish that individual characteristics and economic circumstances play very significant role in determining financial inclusion of adult individuals, after taking into account other factors of the country. The article uses three indicators of financial inclusion and several explanatory variables such as country-specific factor (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita), individual characteristics and individual economic circumstances of adult individuals from different countries. We find that in general, being woman, less educated, jobless and poor are negatively associated with financial inclusion of individuals. Enhanced level of education and income, in general, enhances likelihood of financial inclusion. These findings should be taken into account while formulating policies towards promotion of financial inclusion.

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Lu, J. L. C., W. Wong, and M. Bajekal. "Mortality improvement by socio-economic circumstances in England (1982 to 2006)." British Actuarial Journal 19, no. 1 (December 17, 2012): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321712000359.

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AbstractAssessing longevity risk is crucial to the financial management of annuities and longevity-related financial instruments. Actuaries have been using socio-economic circumstances (SEC) of individuals estimated through postcodes, pension size and occupation to price annuities for prospective customers. Differences in mortality rates of people in different SEC have been discussed extensively but less is known about how their mortality rates have changed over time.A lack of regular, consistent and credible mortality data for people in different SEC has hampered the study of historical mortality trends. This in turn has made forecasting a greater challenge. To address some of these data issues, we have obtained mortality and population data between 1981 and 2007 for England, divided into SEC quintiles (measured by the relative deprivation of the area of residence according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007). Using the data, we have analysed the mortality trends by SEC. These findings can provide insight into mortality improvement for people in different SEC. This can contribute to commercial decisions for annuity businesses, reinsurance and longevity swaps.

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Haider, Najeeb, Nabila Khan, and Nadeem Iqbal. "Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Financial Performance in Islamic Financial Institution." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 51 (May 2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.51.106.

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The paper discusses the influence and relationship between corporate governance practices and firm financial performance in Islamic banking sector. Main purpose of this study is to find or identify various factors or variables that affects the firm financial performance. Corporate governance focuses on three meters as board size, number of meeting and audit committee size and firm financial performance has also three indicators return on equity, return on asset and earning per share. Data relates to corporate governance and firm financial performance is collected from annual reports of different Islamic banks to analyze the results. Data reveals the positive relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of Islamic banking sectors. The most outstanding results of this study has considerable and strong positive relationship in large board size and firm financial performance in developing countries as Pakistani circumstances.

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Mohammed, Naumi K., and Guo Dexiang. "Financial Restructuring and Asset Management Companies in International Financial Markets. Case Study of China: Lessons for Tanzania." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n3p74.

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Each company owns its “life cycle”. Throughout this cycle, companies use many factors that impact their business to track outcomes and shortcomings. Circumstances such as “financial restructuring” inaction and insolvency are the basic stages of a company’s lifecycle. The financial restructuring can be articulated as a deteriorating situation to circumstances in which the corporation is incapacitated in meeting its financial obligations, where the first signs of financial shortage are generally taken as a violation of trust/contract with suppliers and the payment of the dividends. This paper reviews the mechanism of restructuring of the bank by focusing on areas such as assets Management Companies (AMCs), their institutional characteristics and roles in the Chinese banking system, legal issues regarding banks’ operations in China and finally addresses the law and policy issues related to the disposal of NPLs in the banking system China. The finding is that, since this ‘phenomenon’ is not yet applicable to Tanzania, and also it is amidst the basic factors for Foreign Direct Investments in a country, Tanzania can look to China’s experience as a lesson, especially in the solicitation of this method without opposing political theory. That is because this feature of China’s unique legal system basing more on practicality rather than judicial power.

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Kurniasari, Wiwin. "Transparansi Pengelolaan Masjid dengan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK 45)." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v2i1.135-152.

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This article describes about the financial management of the mosque, which is one major factor in maintaining the survival and prosperity of the mosque. Good financial management of the mosque, also requires accurate financial reporting systems, especially relating to: 1) the circumstances and conditions of pilgrims, 2) the circumstances and financial condition of the property and the mosque and, 3) other information required in connection with the interests of the mosque. It aims to accountability to the board and the mosque. In order to apply the principle of openness (transparency) and accountability to the community, the management of an organizational entity in this public space mosques need to make corrections administration, including the publication of consolidated financial accountability. The growing demands on the implementation of accountability in this mosque, it will increase the need for transparency of financial information. This financial information serves as a basic consideration in the decision making process. Therefore we need the financial management of the mosque is based on the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) No. 45 requires accounting in organizations non-profit (in this case is a mosque) using the accrual method, which consists of statements of financial position, activity reports, cash flow statement and notes to the financial statements (IAI 2007).

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van Bochove, Christiaan. "Configuring Financial Markets in Preindustrial Europe." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 1 (March 2013): 247–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000089.

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Secondary markets for public debt in Europe's most advanced preindustrial markets, Britain and the Dutch Republic, differed markedly. They were liquid in Britain, but not in the Republic. This article demonstrates that economic geography determined the shape of primary markets and the secondary markets that were based on them. Configuring financial markets in preindustrial Europe was thus not a uniform process leading to one ideal-type market structure. The development of markets with advanced financial institutions did not naturally produce liquid markets. While financial markets in preindustrial Europe were rooted in local circumstances, they functioned well while adapting to them.

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Čaplinska, Aina, and Janīna Stašāne. "ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY TRENDS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 21, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol6.3983.

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The following skills, such as planning of personal finances, formation and diversification of savings, augmentations of personal capital and open-mindedness to new initiatives in entrepreneurship activities, enhance financial sustainability of the population, and are decisive for the quality of life. Every person in certain circumstances can be financially and economically active, if he/she has got such a competence as financial literacy, which is much more important in the course of life than a level of income or professional qualifications, because, hereafter the governing factor will be not a possession of financial instruments by the person, but skills of the effective management for an achievement of own objectives. The aim of the research – to analyse the financial literacy of young people in Daugavpils.Methods used in the research: the monographic method – a theoretical description of financial literacy, the graphical method – a graphical representation of obtained results, the interview method (questionnaire) – data acquisition required for the research, the statistical method–analysis of statistical information, the comparative method – a description of obtained data and drawing conclusions. The financial literacy of Daugavpils youth has been researched and evaluated.

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Sharp, Linda, and Aileen Timmons. "Pre-diagnosis employment status and financial circumstances predict cancer-related financial stress and strain among breast and prostate cancer survivors." Supportive Care in Cancer 24, no. 2 (July 5, 2015): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2832-4.

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McDiarmid, Andrew. "The Equivalent Societies of Edinburgh and London, the Formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, and the Nature of the Scottish Financial Revolution." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 1 (January 2021): 88–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2020.185.

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AbstractThe historiography of the Financial Revolution in Scotland remains underdeveloped. This article addresses that gap by rounding out the rough sketch that currently represents our understanding of Scotland's Financial Revolution by focusing on the formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, Scotland's first new financial institution in more than thirty years when it emerged in 1727. The case is made that the Scottish Financial Revolution was a complex movement, very often separated from the state and driven by the agency of Scotsmen at home and abroad, and that 1727 denoted a phase of the revolution in which financially innovative projects returned to the country after a period of absence. The article demonstrates how the progress of the Financial Revolution ebbed and flowed in the country, contingent upon political circumstances, from the nascent economic developments of the 1690s and on to the political upheaval of the early eighteenth century.

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Gertler, Mark, Nobuhiro Kiyotaki, and Andrea Prestipino. "A Macroeconomic Model with Financial Panics." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 240–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz032.

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Abstract This article incorporates banks and banking panics within a conventional macroeconomic framework to analyse the dynamics of a financial crisis of the kind recently experienced. We are particularly interested in characterizing the sudden and discrete nature of banking panics as well as the circumstances that make an economy vulnerable to such panics in some instances but not in others. Having a conventional macroeconomic model allows us to study the channels by which the crisis affects real activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition to modelling the financial collapse, we also introduce a belief driven credit boom that increases the susceptibility of the economy to a disruptive banking panic.

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Tucker-Seeley, Reginald, Weizhou Tang, Leora Steinberg, Stephanie Banks, Hilma Bolton, and Sumeet Bhanvadia. "Financial toxicity, financial well-being, and quality of life among bladder cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.133.

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133 Background: Due to a long course of surveillance, and for some patients, multimodal therapy with chemotherapy and surgery, bladder cancer (BC) can present a financial burden to the household. Yet, there are several terms used to describe this burden such as financial hardship and financial toxicity (FT); and it is unclear whether different measures of financial circumstances are correlated and whether they are associated with quality of life (QOL). The goal of this study was to determine whether FT and financial well-being (FWB) were correlated and to determine whether FT and FWB were similarly associated with QOL among BC patients. Methods: Patients that had BC treatment in the last 2 years were recruited from two NCI designated cancer centers for our study (N = 100). The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) was used to assess FT, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (CFPB) FWB measure was used to assess FWB, and a BC-specific Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaire was used to assess physical, social, emotional, and functional domains of QOL. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association among FT, FWB, and QOL; and separate logistic regression analyses predicting FT and FWB were used to determine the association between FT and FWB and each domain of QOL. Results: Bivariate results showed that FT and FWB were highly negatively correlated (r = -.76; p < .0001); however, only FWB was correlated with the total QOL score (p < .05). FT was correlated with physical (p < .01), emotional (p < .05), and functional (p < .05) QOL; and FWB was correlated with physical (p < .05) and functional (p < .05) QOL. Logistic regression models adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics showed that those reporting higher physical QOL (OR = 1.18; CI: 1.04-1.35) and higher functional QOL (OR = 1. 15; CI: 1.03-1.28) had higher odds of reporting high FWB. Conclusions: Given the surveillance and treatment processes for BC patients, it is important to better understand their financial circumstances as they are navigating and managing care. Our results suggest that physical and functional QOL is relevant for predicting FWB, but after considering socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, no domain of QOL was a significant predictor of FT among BC patients.

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Calu, Daniela Artemisa, and Mirela Nichita. "Non-Financial Reporting and Reporting for Management in the Circumstances of the Coronavirus Crisis." CECCAR Business Review 1, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37945/cbr.2020.06.02.

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Pulkingham, Jane. "Investigating the Financial Circumstances of Separated and Divorced Parents: Implications for Family Law Reform." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 21, no. 1 (March 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552040.

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Gan, Dali. "Innovation and development of Chinese futures market under the circumstances of global financial crisis." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 9, no. 3 (2011): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2011.042485.

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Serly, Serly, and Eddy Eddy. "The Effect of Financial Ratios in Detecting Fraudulent Company Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange." Global Financial Accounting Journal 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v4i2.1232.

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Financial statements are means used by entities to communicate financially related circumstances to interested parties both related to the entity's internal and external entities. There are various types of fraud occur in the companies. Types of fraud cases that often occur are asset misappropriation and fraudulent financial statements. Asset Misappropriation is the kind of act of fraud committed by using or taking company property for personal gain. Fraudulent financial statements are defined as fraudulent actions committed by the manager of the company which in the form of material misstatement in the financial report for the purpose to attract the investor. The fraud can be financial or non-financial. This study is meant to examine the effect of financial ratios in detecting fraudulent financial statements. The independent variable used in this study consisted of 5 variables: leverage, profitability, asset composition, liquidity and capital turn over. This study used the financial statements listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as samples. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The period range of the financial statements used in this study is 2014-2018 or the range of 5 years. Collected data are then tested via SPSS software.

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Szabłowska, Ewa. "The financial crisis and securitization." Journal of Education Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20101.37.48.

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Securitization means the change of non-liquid assets into securities. This topic has become more popular, mainly due to the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis. In this article, an analysis is given of the current situation in financial markets and the changes, which were implemented from the first days of subprime crisis. Also mentioned is the impact the crisis has had on securitization development. Part of the article is devoted to the situation on the Polish financial market. It is quite a new market and it is susceptible to such crises. The Article presents the part played by securitization in the Polish financial market and the circumstances for its growth in the near future. It also covers the latest information related to financial market regulations, which could have direct or indirect impact on the quantity and value of securitization transactions.

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Reddy, Dr P. Srinivas. "Financial (Il) Literacy And Stability Of The Financial System." GIS Business 14, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i4.5751.

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The aim of the author of this paper is to show the relationship between the levels of financial Literacy of individuals and company’s managers and the stability of financial markets, asset Markets and the stability of the financial system as a whole. In post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) economy was ''struck'' by foreign banks and financial capital that has swept the local public ''hungry'' for loans but also under-educated in the financial sense to borrow and use borrowed funds more effectively and accept tolerable burden of debt. Financial illiteracy and the willingness to accept the conditions imposed by banks have led to difficulties in servicing obligations and deteriorating loan portfolio of banks. In such circumstances, the onset of the financial crisis has brought something positive. The trend of rapid borrowing of citizens and companies in BiH was abruptly cut, but on the other hand problems with servicing the loan already taken simultaneously arose. The problems are still not dramatic but it should be noted that problems in the banking sector come to the surface only after one and a half to two years after the crisis. The author believes that a more serious approach to the financial literacy of citizens and managers and owners of small businesses is crucial, not only for the economy as a whole but also for the health of the banking system or financial system of the country.

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Braga, Anna Carolina Guimarães, Glaucia Valente Valadares, Flávio Sampaio David, and Lígia Santana Rosa. "Interactionist view of circumstances that interfere with nurses' lifestyle." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, suppl 1 (February 2019): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0062.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the circumstances interfering with nurses' lifestyle. Method: Qualitative study in light of the premises of the Grounded Theory and with theoretical reference of the Symbolic Interactionism. The study was conducted with 20 nurses from the municipality of Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro. Results: The interference of work in nurses' lifestyle was unanimous and expressed by the union of the following subcategories: blaming work for sedentary habits; recording the lack of time; justifying physical/mental fatigue by the lack of healthy habits; emphasizing the financial situation; and exchanging self-care for the care of the other. Final considerations: The results showed nurses' complex life, as well as new possibilities for conducting daily choices. The need for actions that reduce the impact of workdays and contribute to these professionals incorporating a better lifestyle is noteworthy.

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de Vries, Annalien. "Financial crisis and capital structure: perspectives from an emerging market economy." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2013): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c9art3.

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World economies experienced one of the worst recessions in recorded history in 2008. South Africa, as an emerging economy, did not escape the negative effects of the global recession, and, as a result, experienced its first recession in almost two decades. During a recession, firms may need to adjust their capital structure in response to the adverse circumstances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the South African recession on the capital structure of firms listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE). Panel data methodology was used for this study. The results indicate that the 2008-2009 South African recession did have a significant impact on the capital structure of South African firms and that financial managers actively managed their capital structure to adapt to the new environment and circumstances they were exposed to

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Meltzer, H., P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, R. Jenkins, S. McManus, and S. Stansfeld. "Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (November 11, 2009): 1401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991802.

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BackgroundEconomic recessions are characterized by job insecurity and rising unemployment. The relationship between job insecurity and poor mental health is known. However, we do not know how this relationship is affected by individual socio-economic circumstances.MethodA random probability sample comprising 3581 respondents (1746 men and 1835 women) were selected from the third national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain. Fieldwork was carried out throughout 2007. Depression was assessed using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule and ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria administered by well-trained lay interviewers.ResultsOne-fifth of all working men and women aged 16–64 years felt that their job security was poor. From a multivariate analysis of several job stressors, there was an increased likelihood of depression among those agreeing that their job security was poor [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.22–2.06, p<0.001]. After controlling for age and sex, job insecurity (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.47–2.35, p<0.001) and being in debt (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.58–2.98, p<0.001) were independently associated with depression.ConclusionsJob insecurity has a strong association with feelings of depression even after controlling for biographic characteristics (age and sex), economic factors (personal debt) and work characteristics (type of work and level of responsibility). Despite the organizational changes needed to cope with a recession, employers should also take note of the additional distress experienced by workers at a time of great uncertainty, particularly those in less skilled jobs and in financial straits.

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Ponomareva, M. A., D. V. Karpukhin, and A. N. Stolyarova. "FinTech in Russia under circumstances of IT technologies development: development challenges and solutions." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022403030.

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In modern Russia, the FinTech is relevant to the development of the financial segment of the economy. The Government evaluates the prospects of development of artificial intelligence technology, blockchain, big data in the area of budget, tax, customs and other relations by now. However, the development of the FinTech in Russia faces many problems. First of all, these is the absence of digital infrastructure for mining cryptocurrency, issues related to information security, the potential risks of illegal non-personalized transactions through the blockchain technology. It is necessary to analyze the content of the discovered institutional problems and to determine the ways to resolve them. The significant role in overcoming the difficulties is assigned to the Federal Law “About the Digital Financial Assets”, which shall enter into force on the 1st of January 2021. Besides the foreign experience in overcoming the difficulties related to the utilization of FinTech is particularly valuable for Russia to solve the identified issues effectively.

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Schiff, Lara B., Kristin M. Holland, Deborah M. Stone, J. Logan, Khiya J. Marshall, Brandi Martell, and Brad Bartholow. "Acute and Chronic Risk Preceding Suicidal Crises Among Middle-Aged Men Without Known Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse Problems." Crisis 36, no. 5 (September 2015): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000329.

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Abstract. Background: Suicides among men aged 35–64 years increased by 27% between 1999 and 2013, yet little research exists to examine the nature of the suicide risk within this population. Many men do not seek help if they have mental health problems and suicides may occur in reaction to stressful circumstances. Aims: We examined the precipitating circumstances of 600 suicides without known mental health or substance abuse (MH/SA) problems and with a recent crisis. Whether these suicides occurred within the context of an acute crisis only or in the context of chronic circumstances was observed. Method: Using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System and employing mixed-methods analysis, we examined the circumstances and context of a census of middle-aged male suicides (n = 600) in seven states between 2005 and 2010. Results: Precipitating circumstances among this group involved intimate partner problems (IPP; 58.3%), criminal/legal problems (50.7%), job/financial problems (22.5%), and health problems (13.5%). Men with IPP and criminal/legal issues were more likely than men with health and/or job/financial issues to experience suicide in the context of an acute crisis only. Conclusion: Suicides occurring in reaction to an acute crisis only or in the context of acute and chronic circumstances lend themselves to opportunities for intervention. Further implications are discussed.

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Suh, Ellie. "Young British adults’ homeownership circumstances and the role of intergenerational transfers." Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175795920x15846933259695.

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Despite the continuing preference for homeownership, it has become increasingly difficult for young adults to own a home in Britain. House prices have increased faster than real earnings between the mid-1990s and the 2010s, resulting in significantly deteriorated affordability. Mortgage products have also become less accessible, as a large deposit has been required to secure the loan after the financial crisis of 2008/09. Previous studies point to the increasing role of intergenerational transfers in filling this gap. Some young adults obtain help from family to become homeowners, either receiving monetary support or by saving through living at the parental home. Using the Wealth and Assets Survey, this study attempts to examine the effect of these two types of family financial support on young adults’ homeownership circumstances, and controlling for other characteristics such as parental homeownership. First, it examines the characteristics of homeowners among young adults cross-sectionally using logistic regression. Second, by focusing on the non-homeowner subsample it analyses the effect of direct (money) and indirect (co-residence) family support on young adults’ entry to homeownership in the six-year period using discrete-time event history analysis. The results show that chances of young adults’ homeownership between 2008/10 and 2014/16 are very much tied to family support. The odds of becoming homeowners who have received direct or indirect support are found to be three times higher, even after accounting for other characteristics.

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Lee, Sanghyo, Baekrae Lee, Juhyung Kim, and Jaejun Kim. "A Financing Model to Solve Financial Barriers for Implementing Green Building Projects." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/240394.

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Along with the growing interest in greenhouse gas reduction, the effect of greenhouse gas energy reduction from implementing green buildings is gaining attention. The government of the Republic of Korea has set green growth as its paradigm for national development, and there is a growing interest in energy saving for green buildings. However, green buildings may have financial barriers that have high initial construction costs and uncertainties about future project value. Under the circumstances, governmental support to attract private funding is necessary to implement green building projects. The objective of this study is to suggest a financing model for facilitating green building projects with a governmental guarantee based on Certified Emission Reduction (CER). In this model, the government provides a guarantee for the increased costs of a green building project in return for CER. And this study presents the validation of the model as well as feasibility for implementing green building project. In addition, the suggested model assumed governmental guarantees for the increased cost, but private guarantees seem to be feasible as well because of the promising value of the guarantee from CER. To do this, certification of Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs) for green buildings must be obtained.

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MURAVYEVA, N. V., and V. D. NOVIKOVA. "FINANCIAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 11 (2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.11.03.012.

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This article highlights the state of the Russian financial sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020. The restrictive measures imposed on the territory of the country during this period had a detrimental effect on all sectors of the economy. In such circumstances, the financial sector was one of the few sectors that was not affected as much as in previous economic crises.

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