Готові списки джерел за темами / Firm sale

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Firm sale"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Firm sale"

Bates, Gary D. "Firm for Sale." Journal of Management in Engineering 10, no. 3 (1994): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1994)10:3(3).

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Wang, Jiao, Yanfei Lan, Ruiqing Zhao, and Tiantian Xing. "The optimal payment policy for a firm: cash sale versus credit sale." Soft Computing 22, no. 17 (2017): 5843–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2770-9.

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Ahn, Yoon-Young. "Short sale of hospitality company influencing firm value." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies 81 (December 31, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31667/jhts.2019.12.81.1.

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Ireland, Norman J., and Geoff Stewart. "On the Sale of Production Rights and Firm Organization." Journal of Comparative Economics 21, no. 3 (1995): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1995.0002.

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Plouffe, Michael. "Liberalization for Sale: Corporate Demands and Lobbying over FTAs." Administrative Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci13100227.

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Firm-based approaches to international trade have revolutionized the study of trade politics. Corporate participation in political processes is costly, limiting access to large, productive, well-resourced, and often internationally engaged firms. This implies a pro-trade bias in corporate lobbying demands over trade policy. I examine this relationship in the case of three free trade agreements passed by the United States Congress in 2011. I combine public statements from firms on the FTAs with corporate lobbying activities and find that both lobbying firms and those that lobbied and publicly d

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Lestari, Riska Urip, and Danar Irianto. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015." JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 1, no. 2 (2017): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jama.v1i2.504.

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This study aimed to examine the effect of firm size, liquidity, financial flexibility, share growth, sale growth, business risk and profitability to capital structure. This study used secondary data from the company’s financial statements and determinan of the sample using techniques proposive sampling. The population in this study are manufacture companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011-2015 with a sample 55 companies. The result showed firm size has a positive effect to capital structure. Liquidity has a no effect to capital structure. Financial flexibility

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Nelli, Dheeraj, David W. McGill, Kathryn G. Arano, and Shawn T. Grushecky. "Forestry Consulting Fees and Services in West Virginia." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (2007): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.252.

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Abstract Consulting foresters in West Virginia were surveyed in the summer of 2005 to document their firms' organizational characteristics, services offered, and fees charged and to examine how firm characteristics may influence the average fees charged for the services. The questionnaire mailed to 127 foresters resulted in a 56% response rate. The most common fee structure is payment by the hour with exceptions for timber-sale administration, where fees were reported most commonly as a percentage of timber-sale revenues, and for forest stewardship plan preparation that is charged on a per acr

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Gale, Douglas, and Piero Gottardi. "Bankruptcy, Finance Constraints, and the Value of the Firm." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3, no. 2 (2011): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.2.1.

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We study a competitive model in which market incompleteness implies that debt-financed firms may default in some states of nature, and default may lead to the sale of the firms' assets at fire sale prices when a finance constraint is binding. The anticipation of such “losses” alone may distort firms' investment decisions. We characterize the conditions under which fire sales occur in equilibrium, and their consequences on firms' investment decisions. We also show that endogenous financial crises may arise in this environment, with asset prices collapsing as a result of pure self-fulfilling bel

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Klasa, Sandy. "Why Do Controlling Families of Public Firms Sell Their Remaining Ownership Stake?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 42, no. 2 (2007): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000003306.

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Abstract:I investigate what leads controlling families of publicly traded firms to sell their remaining ownership stake. The sale of a controlling stake is best explained in the context of theories of the firm related to optimal risk bearing, the separation of ownership and management expertise, the CEO succession process, and the monitoring provided by outside blockholders. A timing explanation is only marginally supported. The sale of a controlling stake is not explained by insufficient financial resources to fully invest in growth opportunities. This study offers insights into the final sta

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Miranda, Suci, and Vembri Noor Helia. "Quantitative analysis on the fluctuation of vegetable price in supermarket." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401100.

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In this paper we analyze the variables affecting the determination of vegetable sale price in supermarket and investigate each amount considered into the formulation. We use the supermarket pricing strategies literatures, cost management theory, and any information obtained from suppliers and supermarket to investigate the variables influenced the sale price gap between supplier sale price and supermarket sale price. In order to obtain the supermarket sale price, it is required to understand the concept of costs. Supermarket as a merchandising firm has two components of costs called purchase c

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Дисертації з теми "Firm sale"

Zela, Ondřej. "Komunikační mix stavební firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223996.

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My dissertation is focused on communication mix of a building company. In the first part I deal with the theory of communication mix as such, in the second part, I analyze the current propagation of the company Inter-Stav, spol. s r. o. In the final part is shown how we can arrange the communication mix for a new company Aktiv-Servis, s.r.o.

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Brunnstedt, Felix. "The institutional environments impact on sales at an engineering consultancy firm : The institutional environments impact on sales at an engineering consultancy firm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388683.

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This thesis uses a case study approach and investigates how the institutional environment has an impact on decision making regarding sales within three departments at WSP Management in Sweden. With the application of neo-institutional frameworks, the study explains how decision making is constrained by the institution and the actors that make up the institutional environment, as well as how a pursuit for stability and legitimacy isolate engineering consultant companies from other sectors within the market. The study concludes that the institutional environments inducements have created a sal

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Holinková, Lenka. "Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223389.

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This thesis presents a business plan for development of trading company. Based on thorough analysis of significant external and internal factors I present the draft of conceptual changes in areas: organizational structure, employee motivation, sales management. Target of changes are increase market share and increase competitiveness. This thesis will serve management as implementation document for the realization of the proposed changes.

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Ghee, Chong Yeoh Daniel. "Asset sales by financially distressed firms /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09C/09cg4119.pdf.

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Hubrová, Kateřina. "Návrh marketingové strategie firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221521.

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Topic master´s thesis is "Suggestion of Marketing strategy of company". The work deals about communication in marketing, where situation of this company is analyse and gives recommendation how to lead it too.

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Champetier, Dominique. "L' exploitation en salle du film cinématographique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10166.

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L’histoire du septième art a connu en l'espace d'un siècle une évolution constante. La multiplication des vecteurs de diffusion des images constitue un évènement, dans la mesure où elle engendre une demande croissante et une consommation plus individuelle des films cinématographiques. La salle de cinéma demeure néanmoins un mode d'exploitation important, en dépit de trois phénomènes : la baisse de la fréquentation, la concentration de celle-ci et l'augmentation de la part du cinéma américain. Ces paramètres impliquent une nécessaire adaptation du cadre juridique aux données économiques du marc

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Bartoš, Miroslav. "Nákupní a prodejní strategie obchodní firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76030.

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This diploma thesis aims at the strategy of retail company and its purchase and sale department. Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains information about business and its functions, basic allotment of range of goods, methods of prizing goods and calculation of profit margins. Furthermore there can be found demands on suppliers, goods and manners of order realizations that are given by the businessmen. Last but not least there are descriptions of the HACCP system and of the key technologies used in such business. The practical part is based on the t

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Schaanning, Eric Finn. "Fire sales and systemic risk in financial networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/52708.

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This thesis studies systemic risk through direct and indirect contagion in financial networks. The first and main part is devoted to modelling the phenomenon of fire sales in a network of financial institutions with common asset holdings, subject to leverage or capital constraints. In contrast to balance sheet contagion based on direct linkages, this price-mediated contagion occurs through common asset holdings, which we quantify through liquidity-weighted overlaps across portfolios. Exposure to price-mediated contagion leads to the concept of indirect exposure to an asset class, as a conseque

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Janáčková, Alžběta. "Komunikační strategie firmy Hewlett-Packard." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11101.

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First part of the thesis is focused on definition of marketing and communication mix,follows definition of point of purchase and sale and the situation in Czech republic. Second part describes the Hewlett-Packard company, its communication strategy with the view to point of purchase and Store in Store concept.

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Petersen, Candace. "Salesforce Involvement in New Product Predevelopment Activities of High Technology Firms." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1153.

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The strongest correlate of new product success is understanding of market requirements early in the new product development (NPD) process. This is true in high technology environments where rapid change and chaotic market conditions prevail. Although a firm's salesforce is viewed as one of many sources of new product ideas and market information, the involvement of salespeople in NPD activities varies widely across firms. This study examines salesforce involvement in a firm's NPD predevelopment activities, i.e. idea generation and screening, preliminary market assessment, and concept evaluatio

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Книги з теми "Firm sale"

Barmash, Isadore. Macy's for sale. Beard Books, 2003.

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Haynes & Paterson (Firm), ed. Haynes & Paterson: Clearing sale why? because we need the money and you need the goods .. s.n., 1986.

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London, Sotheby Parke-Bernet. Fine English furniture: Day of sale 20th September 1991 ... . Sotheby's, 1991.

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Intro (Firm : London, England), ed. For sale: A book of Intro work. fivedegreesbelowzero, 2002.

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Great Britain. Northern Ireland Audit Office. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General for Northern Ireland: Sale of ShortBrothers plc. HMSO, 1991.

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London, Sotheby Parke-Bernet. Important English furniture: Day of sale Friday 10th July 1987 ... . Sotheby's, 1987.

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London, Sotheby Parke-Bernet. Fine English furniture: Day of sale Friday 14th February 1992 ... . Sotheby's, 1992.

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Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, London. Fine English furniture: Day of sale Friday, 14th July, 1995 ... . Sotheby's, 1995.

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Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, London. Fine English furniture ...: Day of sale Friday 10th November 1989 ... . Sotheby's, 1989.

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Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, London. Fine English furniture: Day of sale Friday 6th October 1989 ... . Sotheby's, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Firm sale"

Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R. "Firm and Flat Sleep Surfaces." In Infant Safe Sleep. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84294-8_9.

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Whidden, Margaret. "Fire-Safe Cigarettes." In Tobacco and Health. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_228.

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Role, Marussia. "Transgender Women in the Adult Film Industry." In Sex for Sale, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228639-7.

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Doyle, Barbara Freedman. "Visual Storytelling in Making the Sale." In Understanding Design in Film Production. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315163642-21.

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Finney, Angus. "Sales and markets." In The International Film Business, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205753-7.

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Finney, Angus. "Sales and markets." In The International Film Business, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205753-7.

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Wang, Guangping, Xiaoqin Ma, Wenyu Dou, and Nan Zhou. "Firm Capabilities, Customer/Supplier Participation, and Firm Performance." In Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same… Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_97.

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Curi, Claudia, and Maurizio Murgia. "Empirical Perspectives on Fire Asset Sales." In Asset Sales. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49573-2_5.

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Kay, Matthew R. "Demystifying the “Safe Space”." In Not Light, but Fire. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032681870-3.

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Lyon, Richard E. "Fire-Safe Aircraft Cabin Materials." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0599.ch038.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Firm sale"

Brown, Kenneth C., Gordon I. Russell, and Douglas J. Carrigan. "Safe, Permanently Protected Pipelines." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87316.

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Abstract The Electrical Isolation of Cathodically Protected Pipelines, per NACE’s RP-02-86, is designed to secure an effectively grounded condition. Effective grounding is necessary, in electrical codes, to protect the safety of the public, operating personnel and equipment. Therefore, metallic separations are designed to be electrically continuous during electrical disturbances, and the electrically isolated pipeline is to remain effectively grounded to earth. During the safely electrically isolated condition, the polarized surface film permanently protects the pipeline. Typical case historie

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Dumler, Patrick, Jakob Blankenhagen, Martin Mensinger, and Stefan Winter. "FIRE SAFE DESIGN OF HYBRID STEEL-TIMBER CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025. World Conference On Timber Engineering 2025, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0449.

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Kuchewar, Prajwal, Yash Patil, Atharva Achrekar, Suyash Shewale, and Chetan N. Aher. "Safe Route - IoT and AI-based Fire Evacuation System for Smart Buildings." In 2024 First International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing (ICECSP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecsp61809.2024.10698050.

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Alkathafi, Maftah H., and Robert A. Cottis. "Modelling of Carbonate-Bicarbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steels." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08265.

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Abstract This project has been concerned with the physical and numerical modeling of the conditions developed under disbonded coatings on steel, with a view to understanding the processes responsible for the conditions that lead to SCC. The physical model (not presented in detail in this paper) has used a polymer film covering a crevice of controlled thickness, with a controlled gas composition (air augmented with additional CO2) on the exterior of the film. pH has been monitored at locations down the crevice using fibre-optic sensors, and potential has been monitored at the same locations usi

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Kurakin, Pavel Vyacheslavovich. "Spatial self-organization of a global system of industrial-trading firms." In Horizons of mathematical modeling and theory of self-organization. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/k95-9.

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I suppose a computational model for a large collective of interacting agents, where the agents resemble some industrial and trading firms. In fact, each agent or firm actually makes no difference between production and trading: anything produced is immediately ready for sale. Each agent possesses a unique set of technological skills for producing different goods. Meanwhile, some skills or products (we assume these practically the same) of different agents / firms do overlap. Next, each agent tries to increase the number of its commercial (that is, trading) links. Agents establish such links on

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Nuryana, Ida. "Effect of Profitability, Growth of Sale, Size of Firm on Dividend Policy and Automotive Sector Sub in Part in 2012-2016." In Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007424305440555.

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Garnsey, Elizabeth, Paul P. Hwang, and Erik Stam. "The growth and exit of university and corporate spinouts in the medical instrumentation industry." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268578021.

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Incubator organizations are said to exert a long term influence on their spin-outs. However, there is a great diversity in the types of spin-outs (Druilhe and Garnsey, 2004) and in types of incubators (Clarysse, Wright et al., 2005). This diversity is likely to affect the influence of the incubator on the performance of the spin-out. To contrast the impact on (similar) spin out firms of their very different originating organizations we compare two instrumentation spin-outs, one from Cambridge University and one from a technology consultancy firm in the same region. We go on to examine the evol

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Haoshu Tian and E. Weinan. "Fire sale in financial networks." In 2014 48th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2014.6814162.

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Cook, Gary A. S., and Naresh R. Pandit. "Clustering and the internationalisation of high technology small firms in film and television." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268488363.

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This paper draws together three strands of literature, that on clustering, entrepreneurship and international business, examining the relationship between these three in promoting firm formation and growth within clusters. The evidence drawn on includes econometric models based on the unique International Trade in Services Film and Television dataset, an in-depth interview survey and questionnaire survey. The key conclusions are firstly that strong clusters promote entrepreneurship, which in turn promotes cluster strength in a self-reinforcing dynamic. Secondly, some firms are better able than

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Siebert, Geralt. "Fire safe glazing with additional requirements." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1183.

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<p>An essential element of fire protection, in addition to the appropriate design of load‐bearing components (fire resistance), is the subdivision of buildings into fire compartments. In modern architecture is a demand for transparent fire‐resistant components, which are then made of glass. Verifications of the load‐bearing capacity against static loads such as wind usually are done by calculation whereas fire resistance is proofed by tests. In most cases, fire‐resistant glass has no further proof, transparent glass components are either classified for fire or to meet other special requi

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Звіти організацій з теми "Firm sale"

Gómez, Camilo, María Fernanda Meneses-González, Andrés Murcia, Carlos Quicazán-Moreno, Angie Rozada, and Hernando Vargas-Herrera. Some trends and patterns of firm financing in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1274.

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After a protracted period of financial deepening following a financial crisis at the end of the 20th century, the ratio of corporate bank loans to GDP in Colombia stagnated between 2016 and 2019. In this paper, we explore if firms have substituted bank loans for other financial instruments or if there has been a deleveraging process. From a longer-term growth perspective, we also aim to investigate whether fast-growing firms differ from others in terms of their financial leverage. We find that the decline in the ratio of bank corporate loans to GDP is related to a substitution of funding sourc

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Bleakley, Hoyt, and Kevin Cowan. Maturity Mismatch and Financial Crises: Evidence from Emerging Market Corporations. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010956.

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Substantial attention has been paid in recent years to the risk of maturity mismatch in emerging markets. Although this risk is microeconomic in nature, the evidence advanced thus far has taken the form of macro correlations. This paper empirically evaluates this mechanism at the micro level by using a database of over 3,000 publicly traded firms from fifteen emerging markets. The paper measures the risk of short-term exposure by estimating, at the firm level, the effect on investment of the interaction of short-term exposure and aggregate capital flows. This effect is (statistically) zero, co

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Chong, Alberto E., and Florencio López-de-Silanes. Privatization in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010832.

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Over the last 20 years, Mexico redefined the role of the state in its economy through an ambitious program to liberalize trade, promote efficiency and reduce the size and scope of the state-owned sector. In Mexico, privatization led to a significant improvement in firm performance, as profitability increased 24 percentage points and converged to levels similar to those of private firms. From this increase, at most 5 percent can be attributed to higher prices and 31 percent to transfers from workers, with the remaining 64 percent representing productivity gains. There is evidence that privatiza

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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.

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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access

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Parra Torrado, Mónica, and María Angélica Arbeláez. Innovation, R&D Investment and Productivity in Colombian Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011194.

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This paper attempts to establish a formal relationship between innovation and productivity using Colombian firm-level data. It is found that the production of goods and services new to the firm and to the domestic market enhances firms' sales per worker, and innovation that results in introducing new goods and services to the international market boosts both sales and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Innovation in processes likewise improves firms' productivity and sales. Finally, innovation in marketing and management increases sales per worker and enhances TFP when investment is made in Rese

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Alviarez, Vanessa, and Ayhab Saad. Multinational Production and Intra-firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004566.

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Intra-firm trade, from parents to affiliates, has been combined with standard models of multinational production (MP) to deliver gravity-style predictions for foreign affiliates' sales. Nonetheless, the evidence shows that intra-firm trade is concentrated among a small set of large multinational firms. Using firm-level data from 35 countries, we document that only firms belonging to multinational corporations (MNCs) in the upper tail of the firms size distribution are significantly affected by the distance to their parents. We present a simple framework featuring MNCs selection into intra-firm

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Galindo da Fonseca, João, and Rogerio Santarrosa. Identifying Labor Market Power: A Quasi-Experimental Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013485.

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We test whether firms react to changes in the wages and size of their competitors. We use a unique institutional feature of public procurement auctions in Brazil: the moment in which the auction ends is random. For close auctions, winner and runner-up are as good as randomly assigned. We first show that firm-specific demand shocks lead to increases in the size and wages of the firm receiving the shock. Then, we document that these firm-specific demand shocks lead to increased wages of other (competing) firms in the same local labor market. We do not find negative effects on competitors' firm s

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Alvarez, Roberto, and Andrés Zahler. Export Mix Changes and Firm Performance: Evidence from Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011637.

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In this paper we analyze changes in the export mix of Chilean firms, looking particularly at differences between large firms and SMEs. To do that, we use detailed information of exported products by firms during the period 1995-2005. Our econometric results, which look at the impact of export product churning on firm performance, are heterogeneous by type of change inexport mix and by firm size. In general, export mix changes are associated with improvements on productivity, although our results suggest that this positive effect is only for SMEs. In terms of employment and sales, we find that

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Campion, Anita, Mark D. Wenner, and Jeremy Coon. Financing Agricultural Value Chains in Central America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008552.

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Agricultural value chain financing (VCF) is an emerging phenomenon in the region but it is not well studied. Historically, small- and medium-sized famers experience problems accessing formal finance. Participation in a well-structured and dynamic supply chain seems to improve chances of obtaining financing, either directly from larger more liquid agents in the same chain or indirectly from external formal lenders based on the type of relationships and degrees of connectedness in the chain (advance sale contracts, technical assistance agreements, length of transaction history, etc.). Four value

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Grijalva, Diego F., Carlos Uribe-Terán, and Iván Gachet. The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005501.

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This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impac

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