Дисертації з теми "Fromages à pâte molle"
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Li, Yuet Hee Mary Lynn. "Caractérisation texturale et analyse par stéréocorrélation d'images de la déformation des fromages à pâte molle et de leurs simulants formulés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL062N/document.
Various gels formulated from mixtures of gelatin and polysaccharides - guar, karaya gum, xanthan gum, maltodextrin and starch - were elaborated to simulate soft cheeses (Camembert and Coulommiers) texture. Comparisons between gels and cheeses were based on firmness, elasticity modulus and relaxation time constants, obtained from penetrometry and stress relaxation tests. Gels made up of gelatin, maltodextrin and starch were found to imitate best the textural properties of the soft cheeses. A three-component mixture design approach was used to determine the optimum component concentration of the simulants. Mathematical models developed showed linear dependence of the rheological parameters on composition of simulants. Enzyme Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase®) successful induced gradual modifications in rheological parameters of simulants. The rate of change of textural properties occurring in Coulommiers cheese during maturation was however different from that of the simulants. Two optical three-dimensional techniques as new tools for food texture assessment were also investigated. Digital image correlation and the Breuckmann scanning systems were successful in distinguishing between gels and cheeses varying in firmness and viscoelastic properties. New parameters obtained from digital image correlation and Breuckmann scanning systems were related to the textural properties of the cheeses and their simulants. These parameters may be used to develop models predicting accurately the sensory texture of food from instrumental measurements
Galaup, Patrick. "Étude de la coloration de surface des fromages à pâte molle et croûte lavée : analyse des fromages par spectrocolorimétrie, étude des pigments par HPLC et contribution de la flore à la production de la couleur." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2013.
Red-smear soft cheeses are characterized by a strong smell and an orange color, a surface color given essentialty by bacterial pigments. The first part of this thesis consisted in characterizing the surface color of cheeses by two analytical methods : spectrocolorimetry and HPLC. Multivariate statistics were then used to classi’ these cheeses and to attribute mcm a specific profile (fingerprint). It is possible to differentiate the cheeses even tbougb they belong to the same family of daiiy products and undergo similar production processes. The fingerprint permits us to differentiate between cheeses not only using geographical characteristics but characteristics that are typical ofthe cheeses themselves. The objective of ifie second part was the study of isolated surface bacteria. Using synthetic medium it bécame apparent that two groups of bacteria were capable of producing pigments: i) Brevibaclerium linens group having an orange-cotored tint, already known and used by cheese manufacturers for coloration purposes, ii) n varied taxonomy group (Kocuria rhizophila, Arthrobacler arilaitensis and Micro bacterium gubbeenense) producing n yellow color. The presence of these bacteria on the surface of various cheeses has already been established however data concerning the nature of the pigments produced has been collected and presented for the first time within this thesis. The information collected provides new data concerning the coloration of cheeses : characteristic L*a*b* and HPLC references, plus data conceming bacteria strains capable of performing the pigmentation process, are documented
Dupuis, Nuthathai. "Implication des bactéries du genre Arthrobacter dans la coloration de surface des fromages à pâte molle et croûte lavée." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0012/document.
Smear-ripened soft cheeses, characterized by their orange-red color on rind, are dairy products widely consumed in Europe. The surface color is due essentially to carotenoids, in combination with other pigments, produced by the cheese microflora during ripening. Arthrobacter sp. is one of the major microorganisms occurred on the surface of cheeses, particularly in smear-ripened cheeses, where it is assumed to be responsible for yellow pigmentation of the cheese rind because of its characteristic overall color and its involvement at the different stages of cheese ripening. Pigment-producing microorganisms are commonly found in the nature. Nowadays, pigment-producing microorganisms have been increasing of interest in many scientific disciplines and applications have broadened in the industry because of their biotechnological advantages. As the present trend entirely the world is shifting toward the use of eco and biodegradable products, the requirement for natural ingredients, especially natural colorants, is increasing day by day. The first part of this thesis highlights the crucial role of microorganisms as potential sources of natural pigment production by reviewing a large number of research works related to pigments biosynthesized by microorganisms which were published over the past 10 years by private companies or academic laboratories, with an emphasis on pigments providing for the application in foods. Since the genus Arthrobacter is a group of metabolically versatile bacteria which widely distributed in nature, some parts of this thesis include the review presenting the possibility to produce pigmented Arthrobacter sp. biomasses as novel sources of food colorants; furthermore, the beneficial aspects of Arthrobacter sp. and their promising significances in the dairy industry are also addressed. Considering the significance of Arthrobacter sp. in smear-ripened cheeses, the economically important dairy products, the aim of research described in this thesis is to investigate the implication of this bacterium, particularly Arthrobacter arilaitensis, in the coloration of these cheeses in several aspects covering (i) diversity of pigment production among strains, (ii) kinetic of pigment synthesis, (iii) identification of chemical characteristic of pigments, (iv) colorimetric characterization of pigmentation, and (v) influences of environment i.e. light, pH, NaCl and deacidifying yeasts on the production and the color development of pigments. Among 14 strains of Arthrobacter arilaitensis studied, two groups depending on their ability of carotenoid production could be divided, carotenoid-producing and non-pigmented strains. A growth-associated pigmentation probably applied to indicate the kinetic of carotenoid synthesis by these strains. The diversity of pigment concentration among the carotenoid-producing strains was low, related to the characteristics of pigmentation determined by quantitative spectrocolorimetry. The HPLC-PDA-APCI-MS analysis of extracted pigments of a representative strains revealed 8 different carotenoids showing C50 decaprenoxanthin as the major accumulated carotenoids. Changes in the color development of A.arilaitensis strains under the influences of physical, chemical and biological factors were obtained through spectrocolorymetry. Three groups depending on a coloration behavior affected by light were illustrated e.g. positively sensitive, negatively sensitive and not sensitive to light. The acidic pH and high concentration of salt showed the efficiency inhibited effect on pigmentation of a representative strain of carotenoid-producing A. arilaitensis. In combination of pH and NaCl, deacidifying yeasts were obviously related to the pigment production of A. arilaitensis. The highest average value of color saturation were observed on the studied media deacidified by Debaryomyces hansenii at pH 7.0, displaying intense yellow
Salaun, Françoise. "Minéralisation et pouvoir tampon du lait et des caillés à pâte molle et pâte pressée non cuite au démoulage." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARB163.
The buffering capacity of dairy products has an important effect on the pH and highly influences the cheese making process. The objective of these thesis was to identify and to understand the factors that play a role in altering the buffering capacity of milk and cheese curds. The dynamics involved in the evolution of mineral content were also investigated in cheese model systems. The strategy taken monitored increasingly complex matrices, initially on liquid models, and moving on to soft and semi-hard cheese curds. The results on liquid models presented in this thesis show that the milk buffering capacity is qualitatively and/or quantitatively modified by mineral-mineral and protein-mineral interactions. Among these interactions, the presence of phosphate, citrate and calcium was shown to induce shifts in the buffering capacity, favouring acid pH and an increase in the buffering intensity at pH 6. 5. The contribution of micellar caseins, soluble minerals and soluble proteins to the milk buffering capacity were quantified as being 60%, 30% and 10% respectively. Moreover, statistical analysis performed on a factorial design, led to the establishment of models for each 0. 25 pH unit interval in the pH range of 7. 0 to 3. 0. These models can be used as predictive tools on the influence of milk composition to the buffering capacity. Studies on the transformation of milk to cheese curds show that mineralization and buffering capacity of cheese curds at moult removal are modified by various technological treatments, such as casein enrichment of milk, lowering renneting pH, heat treatment of part of the milk, washing of the curd and acidification kinetics
Agioux, Laure. "Conception et validation d'un outil d'aide à l'estimation de l'état sensoriel des fromages en cours d'affinage : Application à l'affinage d'un fromage à pâte molle et à croûte fleurie." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0010.
Cheese ripening is a food process not highly automated, for which the quality of the final products depends on the know-how and the skills of the cheese maker. In regards to this concept, the work conducted aimed at bringing information to the cheese maker, about ripening states of a soft mould cheese. Data about the know-how and sensory techniques used by expert cheese makers were collected. In parallel, sensory and physico-chemical data were measured on a regular basis in a cellar under controlled laboratory conditions: ambient temperature, relative humidity and constant ventilation. The data collected enabled to develop a computer model to help the cheese maker estimating the sensory states of cheeses during ripening. This model is based on two concepts:- a computer program developed using the expertise of cheese makers and a fuzzy symbolic approach, that enable estimating ripening state obtained from sensory data. - a combination of multiple linear regressions and neural networks which gives non-direct sensory data obtained from physico-chemical data. The combination of both concepts brings satisfactory estimation of the remaining ripening time required. Estimated data were compared to experimental data collected under controlled laboratory conditions and under traditional cellar's conditions to validate the model. In 70 % of the analysis conducted, the estimated remaining time is similar to the experimental one, with a 2 days standard deviation - when a 4 days standard deviation is used, the similarity rate between both the estimated and experimental remaining times increases to 93 %
Harfouch, Muhssen. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des phénomènes de diffusion et de modification de texture des fromages de type Feta conservés en saumure." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL090N.
Karoui, Romdhane. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés rhéologiques et à la détermination de l'origine géographique des fromages aux moyens des méthodes spectroscopiques et chimiométriques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22509.
Aziza-Tenenhaus, Fanny. "Maîtrise des dangers microbiologiques en industrie laitière basée sur un modèle d'appréciation quantitative des risques. : application à Listeria monocytogenes dans les fromages à pâte molle au lait pasteurisé." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0061.
Molimard, Pascal. "Etude de la coopération entre Geotrichum candidum et Penicillium camemberti : impact sur le profil aromatique et sur les qualités organoleptiques d'un fromage de type camembert." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS067.
Desobry, Stéphane. "Modélisation du flux total de désorption d'eau dans un système complexe "Aliment - Emballage" : cas des fromages à pâte molle et des emballages perméables à la vapeur d'eau." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL106N.
The method of Total Water Desorption Rate Measurement developped in this study is already used in the research laboratories of various packaging and food companies. It has been demonstrated that successives steps are necessary to modelize the water transport from the french Camembert cheese center to the surrounding air. First, this study deals with the water transport modelization in the french camembert cheese since its production un til its wrapping. The water fixators addition to the complex wrapping materials causes an important swelling due to hydratation. This dimensional modification cannot be neglected and has been considered in the modelization of the water transport and wrapping hydratation. By analysis and synthesis of the works dealing with the cheeses on one hand and with packaging on another hand, a global model has been developped on the determination of the Total Water Desorption Rate from the cheese center to the surrounding air, including the packaging crossing. This algorithmic mode! gives a theoretical Total Water Desorption Rate wich can becompared with the experimentation. This test confirms the model validity
Riahi, Mohamed Haythem. "Modélisation de phénomènes microbiologiques, biochimiques et physicochimiques intervenant lors de l'affinage d'un fromage de type pâte molle croûte lavée." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0038.
Hennequin, Didier. "Composition, structure et texture des fromages à pate molle : une analyse multidimensionnelle pour une approche scientifique de l'innovation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL001N.
Maisnier-Patin, Sophie. "Potentiel inhibiteur de la nisine et de deux autres substances antibactériennes vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes et problèmes soulevés par leur utilisation en technologie fromagère." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10353.
During, Alexandrine. "Etude des potentialités nutritionnelles, chez le rat, et organoleptiques de mélanges de matières grasses laitières et végétales en vue de la fabrication de fromages à pâte molle." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10503.
Bouttefroy, Anne. "Inhibition de Listeria monocytogenes par des combinaisons de bactériocines : Nisine, Curvaticine 13 : facteurs influençant leur efficacité en milieu de laboratoire et en technologie fromagère." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL046N.
Riahi, Mohamed Haythem. "ModÉlisation de phÉnomÈnes microbiologiques, biochimiques et physico-chimiques intervenant lors de l'affinage d'un fromage de type pÂte molle croÛte lavÉe." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003114.
Vallières, Christine. "Effet de réduction en sodium sur la texture et la bioaccessibilité des protéines d'un fromage à pâte molle à croûte fleurie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27143.
Salt (NaCl) plays several important roles in cheese to technological, microbiological and organoleptic levels. However, sodium, which is a cardiovascular disease risk factor, is consumed in too large quantity by Canadians. As sodium reduction might affect the texture of surface-mold-ripened soft cheeses and the release of nutrients during digestion, the impact of sodium reduction on the bioaccessibility of proteins in Brie cheese was studied. The impact of sodium reduction on the cheese protein bioaccessibility during in-vitro digestion was studied. Thus, the composition and textural characteristics of Brie cheese having different sodium content (standard, reduced, substituted with KCl) were analyzed. A sodium reduction of 23 % was obtained for the sodium reduced cheeses. The ripening time affects proteolysis and texture of cheese. The kinetics of degradation of the cheese matrix and the protein release was determined by in vitro digestion approach. The cheese matrix disintegration and protein release during digestion in vitro did not differ between the experimental cheeses. This work shows that it is possible to reduce sodium without affecting the proteolysis profile and texture during cheese ripening Brie and behavior during in-vitro digestion.
Jaillais, Benoît. "Mise au point de méthodes d'analyse permettant de caractériser l'impact, sur les qualités organoleptiques d'un fromage de type pâte molle-croûte fleurie, de l'association d'Hafnia alvei à des ferments d'aromatisation." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4030.
Colin-Schoellen, Odile. "Taux protéique et qualité fromagère des laits : maîtrise des facteurs de production." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_COLIN_O.pdf.
Saltaji, Sabrina. "Étude de l’apport de flores microbiennes issues du lait cru, purifiées par le procédé Bionatif®, appliquées à une production fromagère." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS033.
Starter cultures confer enhanced properties to improve organoleptic, sensory and nutritional attributes upon the cheese matrix. The subject of this PhD project was the patented Bionatif® process. That process purifies raw milk from hygiene and spoilage microflora. Then, it restores a functional Undefined Mixed Starter Culture (UMSC) to the cheesemaker. That unique UMSC is composed of an intra-specific bacterial diversity specific to the terroir where the raw milk is collected.This work fixed two goals: i) to characterize the diversity of the UMSC and study their metabolic potential, ii) to study the expression of the UMSC in soft cheese technology. The UMSC intra-specific diversity study highlighted some bacterial variants of the L. lactis species. UMSC's L. lactis isolates showed superior and diversified metabolic properties through the expression of their sugar metabolism (D-xylose, D-tagatose, etc.). A comparative genome study confirmed this result and could link these metabolic properties to an environmental origin. L. lactis isolates also possess rich CRISPR-Cas clusters. These clusters could confer them a high resistance against bacteriophages. Besides, an antimicrobial potential has been phenotypically observed and then confirmed through genomic studies. In soft cheese technology, the comparison between defined starter cultures designed under laboratory conditions and UMSC from the Bionatif® process demonstrated that the more complex and diversified the bacterial consortium of the UMSC, the better the sensory and rheological properties of the cheese
Fares, Almabrouk. "Risque de salmonellose humaine liée à la consommation de fromage à pâte molle au lait cru : développement d'un modèle pour l'appréciation quantitative du risque." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003463.
Fares, Almabrouk. "Risque de salmonellose humaine liée à la consommation de fromage à pâte molle au lait cru : développement d’un modèle pour l’appréciation quantitative du risque." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3463/01/Fares_Thesis_PDF.pdf.
Salmonellae are one of the most important causes of foodborne illness associated with raw dairy products. The assessment of the real risk associated with the consumption of these products is needed and the most appropriate method to achieve this goal is the risk analysis process which links pathogens in food to the public health problem. The main aim of this thesis is to quantitatively assess the risk of human salmonellosis linked to the consumption of Camembert cheese made from raw milk. A data gap that is routinely identified in risk assessment is the lack of quantitative data on pathogens contaminated food. Therefore, as a first objective of this thesis, we developed a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of Salmonella in artificially contaminated milk samples. The method combined the principles of most-probable-number (MPN) method with a real-time PCR assay. With this developed assay (MPN-real-time PCR) low levels of Salmonella (1-5 CFU/mL) in milk could be enumerated after 8 h of non-selective enrichment in buffered peptone water. All estimated MPN counts corresponded well to the estimated contamination level of Salmonella inoculated into milk samples. In order to evaluate the utility of this developed quantification assay, our second objective was to apply it to naturally contaminated bulk tank milk samples collected from dairy farms located in western France. Eight (2. 68%) of 299 bulk tank milk samples were found positive, with estimated MPN values ranging from 3. 7 to 79. 2 MPN/mL of milk. Despite the PCR inhibitors that were apparently present in some raw bulk tank milk samples, the application of the MPN-real-time PCR assay for quantifying Salmonella in raw milk proved to be rapid, easy-to-perform and highly sensitive. In the assessment of potential risks associated with Salmonella in raw milk and raw milk products it was necessary to examine the ability of Salmonella to grow in milk. Therefore, we presented in this thesis as a third v objective, primary and secondary models describing mathematically the growth of two Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo) in milk under constant temperatures during different incubation periods. The primary logistic-with-delay model was used to describe Salmonella growth as a function of time. The specific growth rates of S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo varied according to serotype and temperature. The maximum growth rates were then modeled as function of temperature using the secondary cardinal Rosso model. The reported cardinal estimates obtained with S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo were: Tmin 3. 02, 3. 40; Topt 38. 44, 38. 55 and Tmax 44. 51, 46. 97°C, respectively. At the optimum growth temperature (Topt) the maximum growth rates were 1. 36 and 1. 39 log10 CFU/h-1 for S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo respectively. Both the primary and secondary models fitted growth data well with a high-pseudo R2 (0. 97-99). Finally, a quantitative risk assessment of human salmonellosis linked to the consumption of Camembert cheese made from raw milk is presented. Different distributions were assumed for the parameters of the model and a Monte Carlo simulation was used to model the process and to quantify the risk associated with the consumption of 25 g serving of cheese. The 99th percentile of Salmonella cell numbers in servings of 25 g of cheese was 5 cells at the time of consumption, corresponding to 0. 2 cells of Salmonella per gram. The risk of salmonellosis per 25 g serving varied from 0 to 1. 2 × 10-7 with a median of 7. 4 × 10-8. For 100 million servings of 25g, the expected number of cases of salmonellosis predicted by the model is in average of 7. 4. When the prevalence was reduced in the model by a factor of 10, the number of cases per 100 million servings was reduced to less than 1 case. Despite the limitations and the data gap, we demonstrated the benefit of risk assessment not only as a risk evaluation tool but also as a helping device in the decision-making and the risk management
Nacef, Mohamed Menouar. "Maroilles fermiers et industriels : quelles sont les différences ? : Une approche pluridisciplinaire allant du consommateur aux caractérisations sensorielles, physico-chimiques et microbiologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R077.
Today, the consumer is looking for qualitative authentic products. These quality standards are embodied by traditional, “de terroir” or craft products. Among these products, cheese is a valuable food of the French culinary history. In this context, this thesis focused on the study of an AOP cheese: the Maroilles. A multidisciplinary approach (sensory, physicochemical and microbiological analyses) was conducted with the objective of characterizing artisanal (raw milk-based) and industrial Maroilles (pasteurized milk-based). Sensory analyses revealed that consumers were able to perceive differences between these two types of Maroilles. These differences in perception could be explained by physicochemical (composition, texture, color) and microbiological analyses. In addition, the quality of Maroilles in terms of hedonic appreciations and sensory descriptions can be predicted from instrumental measurements, in particular the fatty acid composition. Concomitantly, the quality of Maroilles perceived by the consumer is strongly dependent on the consumer's familiarity with this product. A consumer study, carried out in two cities in France (Lille, the region of origin of Maroilles and Angers outside the Maroilles production region) showed that Maroilles' familiarity in terms of consumption frequency and knowledge influences the appreciation and consumer attitudes. In addition, the familiarity changes the representations that consumers make of artisanal Maroilles. Maroilles is a cheese that keeps its authenticity and its typicality by its inter-product variability, which constitutes a wealth and a variety of choices for consumers
Kothe, Caroline. "Diversité des bactéries halophiles dans l'écosystème fromager et étude de leurs impacts fonctionnels." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB014.
Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria are usually isolated in natural environments, although they are also present in foods such as cheese rinds and seafood. However, studies on their ecological and technological functions in cheese are still underdeveloped. In order to fill the data gap in the literature on this subject, we have used cultural, genomic and metagenomic approaches to deconstruct these ecosystems in cheese rinds. The cultural approach, assisted by the development of targeted strategies to facilitate the isolation of sub-dominant species, allowed us to isolate representatives of 28 species, including four new species of Halomonas and two of Psychrobacter. Based on a mapping with the genomes of halophilic species available as reference on more than 100 cheese rind metagenomes, we showed that gamma-proteobacteria, mainly from the genera Halomonas, Psychrobacter and Pseudoalteromonas, are abundant in a wide variety of soft and washed-rind cheeses. Since this fact suggests that these microorganisms could play a technological role in foods, we evaluated, in parallel with strains from other environments, their ability to produce aromatic compounds and pigments in a synthetic cheese model. These experiments showed that these Gammaproteobacteria could have a technological impact in addition to their ecological role. The results obtained in this work should stimulate the development of functional studies of this salt-tolerant flora in the cheese ecosystem
Besnard, Alexandra. "Sélection et assemblage d'agents bioprotecteurs pour la maîtrise des sérovars de Salmonella enterica retrouvés en Normandie dans la filière fromagère AOP au lait cru : application au Camembert de Normandie." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC203.
In the dairy sector, raw milk can be subjected to many potential sources of Salmonella contamination. While the use of heat treatments or chemical preservatives makes it possible to eliminate the pathogens potentially present, certain cheese sectors cannot apply these solutions. This is the case with PDO Normandy cheeses made from raw milk. The use of biopreservation currently represents an effective way of controlling Salmonella in this sector. The objectives of this study were to: develop a global methodology allowing high throughput screening, by one or more methods, to detect inhibitory microbial agents, all in matrices and conditions close to the dairy matrix, to build "smart" associations of inhibiting agents based on the complementarity of their modes of action, validating them in in vitro models and experimenting with the selected associations in cheese processing in order to monitor their implantation and interactions with the manufacturing process. First, a miniaturized high-throughput screening method allowing screening of isolates producing compounds under conditions close to the matrix was developed and validated. A second screening method targeting nutritional interactions was then developed using transformed Salmonella strains whose luminescence characterizes metabolic activity, all in two chemically defined liquid media mimicking the dairy matrix (milk and cheese). From method 1, 1,450 isolates from dairy environment were screened on three media (BHI, milk and cheese), allowing the selection of 30 active isolates, mainly from the genera Lactococcus and Aerococcus. Twice more isolates were active in milk and cheese medium compared to BHI medium. The majority of isolates showed production of lactic acid and acetic acid, but also hydrogen peroxide for the genus Aerococcus. The second method, demonstrating interactions in a liquid medium, allowed to select 47 isolates active in at least one modified medium. After studying the prerequisites for use in the food industry, 15 isolates were selected to perform binary and then ternary associations. The potentiation of the activities of 5 isolates in ternary associations, having different mechanisms of action, made it possible to select three associations which were subsequently evaluated for their anti-Salmonella activity in dairy matrix as well as in pilot tests
Hebert, Agnès. "Ecosystème fromager : de l'étude du métabolisme du soufre chez Kluyveromyces lactis et Yarrowia lipolytica à l'interaction entre Kluyveromyces lactis et Brevibacterium aurantiacum." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00548146.
Chaland, Béatrice. "Apport de l'IRM bas champ pour l'évaluation des mécanismes d'affinage des fromages pâtes molles et croûtes fleuries." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN1B038.
Edima, Hélène Carole. "Carnobacterium maltaromaticum : caractéristiques physiologiques et potentialités en technologie fromagère." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL056N/document.
The C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 bacteria strain, isolated from soft cheese, was observed to possess non conventional lactic bacteria physiological properties. Its growth in TSB YE medium and milk was found to be characterised by the requirements for easily assimilated growth nutrients and a low kinetic rate of lactic acid production from glucose, lactose, fructose and sucrose. In addition, it was found to not metabolise galactose or not excrete it during the hydrolysis of lactose. In the process of milk fermentation, it not only took an unusually long duration but produced products of fragile texture. In order to eventually determine the behaviour of this strain in the process of cheese-making, a selective culture medium CM was developed using an experimental design and PCR techniques for its isolation and identification. The behaviour of C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 was compared with that of two strains of lactic bacteria of technological interest namely Lc. lactis DSM 20481 and S. thermophilus INRA 302, within a wide temperature range (3 to 37°C) and of pH (5.2 – 8.0). Tests carried out in co-culture associating this strain with Lc. lactis DSM 20481 or with S. thermophilus INRA 302 showed that the lactic acid production was due mainly to the growth of the traditional lactic strain. In the process, the C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 slow strain was observed not to be inhibited by acidification. The cheese-making potential of C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 was evaluated in the process of two soft cheese manufactures. Inoculated at various levels of population, it was observed to be present at all manufacturing stages. Generally present at very weak concentrations in the starting milk, it becomes a dominant lactic flora following ripening and refrigeration storage. This technological aptitude is in relation with its psychrotrophic character and its ability to actively develop in alkaline medium. Its “alimentarity”, tested by its ability to produce biogenic amines, showed zero or very low levels in tyramine and histamine, as in the case of S. thermophilus INRA 302 and Lc. lactis DSM 20481. The optimization of its malted flavour production capacity was carried out on a TSB-YE medium and on milk supplemented with leucine, isoleucine or valine. In this process the production of 3-méthylbutanal was observed to be the most abundant product while cheese containing high levels (108-109 ufc.g-1) of C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 did not exhibit this flavour. This notwithstanding, the presence of this species of GRAS status in many French AOC and non AOC cheeses could be considered as an interesting auxiliary in cheese manufacturing process since it tends to slow down the aging process and thereby retard the development of unpleasant flavours. In this respect this strain of psychotrophic lactic bacteria could be retained as a flora for cheese ripening process
Mpagana, Maria. "Propriétés rhéologiques des fromages à pâte molle influence du salage et de l'affinage." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375998907.
Huchet, Véronique. "Modélisation de la croissance de Clostridium tyrobutyricum dans les fromages à pâte pressée cuite." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2050.
Kfoury, Michel. "Propriétés rhéologiques des fromages à pâte pressée au cours du pressage, du salage et de l'affinage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10377.
Seminega, Tharcisse. "Accélération de l'affinage de fromages à pâte pressée cuite et non cuite à l'aide de la protéase neutre de Bacillus subtilis." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10055.
Li, Yuet Hee Mary Lynn Desobry Stéphane Jacquot Muriel. "Caractérisation texturale et analyse par stéréocorrélation d'images de la déformation des fromages à pâte molle et de leurs simulants formulés." S. l. : INPL, 2007.
Jeanson, Sophie. "La maturation du lait dans la fabrication de fromages à pâte pressée cuite : le rôle des lactocoques." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS020.
Prost, Florence. "Evaluation des aptitudes technologiques des ferments lactiques thermophiles destinés à la fabrication des fromages à pâte pressée cuite." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10093.
SISWANTO, MARIO P., and Georges Novel. "Inhibition de listeria dans le lait de fabrication et a la surface des fromages a pate molle et croute lavee." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2057.
Retureau, Emilie. "Reconstitution de communautés microbiennes complexes pour l'inhibition de Listeria monocytogenes à la surface de fromages à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719220.
HERBERT, SOPHIE. "Caracterisation de la structure moleculaire et microscopique de fromages a pate molle- analyse multivariee des donnees structurales en relation avec la texture." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2075.
Revah, Sergio. "Contribution à l'étude de la production accélérée d'arômes fromages à partir de caillés granulaires." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD041.
The utilisation of the granular curds (GC) as substrate per cheese flavors production allows a better control of the fermentation conditions by reducing the diffusional restrictions that might be found in cheese. We have applied this technique to produce : emmental cheese flavour by the fermentation on GC and in slurry with lactic and propionic acid bacteria, we have studied the effect at initial pH, type of milk, temperature additives, type of inoculation, salt concentration and enzyme addition on microbial and flavour development ; blue cheese flavour by cultivation of penicillium roqueforti and lactic bacteria on GC, we have studied the influence of the type of milk, strains salt concentration and of the addition of lipolized cream and enzymes on the evolution of the substrate and the production of aromatic compounds. Characteristics flavors were obtained in 6 to 9 days for the first and in 4 to 6 days for the second), which represents a considerable reduction in ripening time as compared to the traditional methods. In the first fermentation with GC gives better results than the slurry and in both cases, enzyme addition increases flavour strength. In the second, we have developed products with carbonyl concentrations that are 8 to 10 times higher than those found in blue cheese with lipase or lipolized cream coating of the GC
Duval, Perrine. "Dynamique des communautés microbiennes et évolution métabolomique de fromages à pâte persillée, Bleu d'Auvergne et Fourme d'Ambert, sous emballage et atmosphère gazeuse." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22678.
This thesis aims to characterize the interactions between atmospheres, microbial communities and matrix to help to develop packagings adapted to the storage of blue veined cheese; Bleu d’Auvergne and Fourme d’Ambert. In this purpose the effect of commercial packaging and different atmospheres on respiratory activities and on the evolution of microbial, biochemical sensorial characteristics of these two cheeses was evaluated. Cheese pieces stored under vacuum with films more or less permeable to O2, CO2, water vapour distinguished from the whole cheese under aluminium foil by lower level of ripening bacteria (Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium) and pH associated with low ammonia production. They were also characterised by higher level of ketones due to their lower degradation, secondary alcohols, esters and lower content in free fatty acids and compounds from branched chain amino acids. They were perceived more pungent, less bitter and moister than those in aluminium foil. Experiments with Bleu d’Auvergne cheeses incubated in controlled atmosphere of O2, CO2, have shown that O2 play a more important role than CO2 to govern the structure and the activities of cheese ecosystem. 2.5 % of O2 and 10% of CO2 in the cheese environment should be necessary to obtain microbial and biochemical characteristics close to those of whole cheese under foil. Nevertheless, their visual aspect and their texture (smooth in mouth) were quite different than those of whole cheeses. This study provides new knowledge about the effect of gaseous atmospheres on the cheese ecosystem that will be useful to define new packagings
Huc, Delphine. "Hiérarchisation des facteurs contribuant à la croissance des bulles dans des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite par une approche multi-échelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931927.
Charlet, Muriel. "Dynamiques de croissance de S. Thermophilus, L. Delbrueckii et L. Helveticus dans les fromages à pâte pressée cuite pendant la phase d'acidification sous presse." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS042.
Three thermophilic species, S. Thermophilus, L. Delbrueckii and L. Helveticus, grow at high level over the first day of hard cooked cheese manufacturing, so modifying the cheese matrix composition and the bacterial enzymatic potential in cheese as early as the first hours of manufacturing. Thus, they strongly determined the cheese matrix composition and structure during ripening, and, consequently, the different characteristics of final cheeses. However, few studies have dealt with the evolution of the cheese ecosystem before ripening. The aims of the thesis are to better understand the growth dynamics of the three species in situ during the first day of hard cooked cheese manufacturing, and, particularly, to highlight the interactions between these three species which are likely to modify their growths and activities. The strategy was to make some experimental hard cooked cheeses which only differed by the combination of thermophilic strains inoculated, and to study the variability of the bacterial growths and the characteristics linked with the bacterial activities in these cheeses. Our results show that a lot of bacterial interactions exist between the three thermophilic species over the first day of hard cooked cheese manufacturing; some of these interactions were essential for the bacterial growths in the cheese context of our study. The variability of the bacterial growths generated variability in the characteristics of the hard cooked cheeses over the whole manufacturing. The outlook of this work is to suggest some compounds likely to be involved in the bacterial interactions highlighted, and to identify the impact of each species on the cheese characteristics
Bord, Cécile. "Impact du traitement thermique sur les perceptions sensorielles et les préférences des consommateurs pour les fromages à pâte persillée : cas de la fourme d'Ambert." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22567/document.
PDO cheeses through their specifications are recognized for a quality in relation to a geographical origin, technical know-how, and a typical gustative quality. Despite a good consumption of PDO cheeses, the marketed volumes decreased for most of them. In order to make them more attractive, some cheeses as Blue cheeses could be used as “cheeses ingredient”. Cheeses are usually consumed at the end of a meal but a new trend is emerging: cheeses are more and more used in culinary preparations, both hot (pizza, gratin, sauce) and cold (sandwiches, salads). The main objective of this study was to firstly highlight the impact of heating on sensory properties of French PDO Blue cheeses and more particularly Fourme d’Ambert. The water-soluble fraction which plays an important role in the favour of cheeses was secondly studied in order to evaluate the impact of heating on this extract. The last objective consisted in measuring the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. Therefore, sensory and biochemical methods were performed to describe crude cheeses and liking. The first study highlighted the impact of heating on both textural properties and flavour of four PDO blue-type cheeses. The main results showed that PDO cheeses present different culinary properties and thus are compatible with a use into hot preparations. The first step allowed to select a model cheese: Fourme d’Ambert. The second step consisted in studying the impact of heating on the crude cheeses and on the water-soluble fraction. In parallel, the gross composition was performed on soluble fractions and cheeses according to heating treatment. Although no treatment difference was observed on the water-soluble fraction gustatory profile, a slight difference was showed on certain chemical constituents between the water-soluble extracts. The last step was focused on the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. The results showed that cheeses were much appreciated whatever heating treatments highlighting a slightly preference towards heated cheeses. Moreover, 3 groups of consumers were formed based on different preferences. One group preferred heated cheeses while two others groups preferred cold cheeses. Consumers’ group preferences were explained by means of sensory profiles and open-ended questions responses.Finally, this study shows the opportunities of new culinary uses for Blue cheeses. Sensory methods application had allowed to provide detailed information on heating properties of blue cheeses. In addition, consumers’ acceptance reinforce that PDO cheeses can be used in cold or heated preparations
Abbas, Khaled. "Effet de traitements thermiques sur les propriétés fonctionnelles de fromages traditionnels : le cas des pâtes persillées." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724803.
Demarigny, Yann. "Rôle de la flore naturelle du lait cru et de paramètres technologiques (teneur en sel et température d'affinage) sur l'évolution des caractéristiques biochimiques, microbiologiques et sensorielles des fromages a pâte pressée cuite." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO5003.
Ennahar, Saïd. "Elimination de listeria monocytogenes dans les fromages a pate molle utilisation de l'antagonisme bacterien par les bacteriocines et de l'ionisation par les electrons acceleres de faible energie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13101.
Petitdidier, Catherine. "Etude des modalités d'expression de certaines voies métaboliques de production d'arômes par des micro-organismes d'affinage des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite : précurseurs et systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le catabolisme des acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22334.
Benslimane, Saloua. "Variations de l'activité de la plasmine et du plasminogène dans les laits de vache Montbéliarde et dans les fromages de type Comté." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2001.
Caron, Thibault. "Étude de la domestication de la moisissure Penicillium roqueforti pour la fabrication des fromages à pâte persillée Strong effect of Penicillium roqueforti populations on volatile and metabolic compounds responsible for aromas, flavour and texture in blue cheeses." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS098.
Domestication is an excellent framework for studying adaptation because it involves strong and recent selection for known traits. Easily tractable and long used in fermentation, microorganisms are good models for studying domestication. Penicillium roqueforti is the mould used in the production of all blue cheeses and displays four genetically and phenotypically differentiated populations, one of which is used in the production of Roquefort cheeses, another in the production of all other blue cheeses. In this PhD work, Roquefort-type cheeses have been made with all four P. roqueforti populations. Cheese populations produced cheeses with more blue surface area on slice and higher amounts of positive volatile compounds than other populations. The Roquefort population, in particular, produced higher amounts of positive aromatic compounds in cheeses, associated with more efficient proteolysis and lipolysis. In this thesis, a QTL study on a F1 progeny from a cross between a Roquefort strain and a non-Roquefort strain revealed a genetic region potentially controlling lipolysis efficiency. These results provide a better understanding of the influence of the P. roqueforti population on various important aspects of cheeses, as well as the genetic determinants of important traits, and those contribute to our understanding of domestication and adaptation processes
Dalmasso, Marion. "Etude de l'influence du repiquage sur la complexité des lactosérums levains. Application aux modèles fromagers de type pâte pressée non cuite et de type mixte à dominante lactique." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS006.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of backslopping on the LAB composition of natural whey starters (NWS), and consequently on the cheese characteristics. A ten-day model cheesemaking protocol was built to follow the evolution of NWS, according to two cheese-making processes -non-cooked cow milk cheese or lactic acid goat milk cheese. A starter made of three known lactococci was used the first day. During the nine following days, the whey was daily collected, incubated and finally used to seed the milk of the following day. The milk used to make cheese was pasteurized and re-seeded with known strains of LAB to mimic the contribution of the raw milk microflora. Lactococci dominated in the whey and during the ripening. The dominant lactococci derived from the three-strain starter used on the first day. According to the REP-PCR profiles, the diversity among these dominant lactococci was poor. A polyphasic approach showed rapid modifications amongst strains concerning in particular their acidification ability. The chromosomal DNA was also altered, which was noticed by comparing PFGE profiles. This work demonstrated that NWS acquired a rapid specificity thanks to the backslopping practice. In ripened cheeses, the β casein rate seemed to decrease from one cheese to the next. We presumed that the addition of NWS to the milk led to a progressive increase of plasmin concentration in milk. A reduction of hydrophobic peptides known for their contribution to the bitterness development was also observed between day 1 and day 10. This was confirmed by the sensorial analysis. The backslopping practice seemed to increase the elasticity of cheese and to decrease bitter tastes