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Статті в журналах з теми "Germ cells"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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1

Kerr, Candace, John Gearhart, Aaron Elliott, and Peter Donovan. "Embryonic Germ Cells: When Germ Cells Become Stem Cells." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 24, no. 5 (2006): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-952152.

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2

Wylie, Chris. "Germ Cells." Cell 96, no. 2 (1999): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80557-7.

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3

Wylie, Chris. "Germ cells." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 10, no. 4 (2000): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00105-2.

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4

Rossant, Janet. "Immortal germ cells?" Current Biology 3, no. 1 (1993): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90148-h.

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5

Xu, HongYan, MingYou Li, JianFang Gui, and YunHan Hong. "Fish germ cells." Science China Life Sciences 53, no. 4 (2010): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-010-0058-8.

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6

Wylie, Chris. "Introduction: Germ cells." Seminars in Developmental Biology 4, no. 3 (1993): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/sedb.1993.1017.

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7

Eppig, John, and Mary Ann Handel. "Germ Cells from Stem Cells." Biology of Reproduction 79, no. 1 (2008): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.108.070789.

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8

Schulz, Cordula, Cricket G. Wood, D. Leanne Jones, Salli I. Tazuke, and Margaret T. Fuller. "Signaling from germ cells mediated by therhomboidhomologstetorganizes encapsulation by somatic support cells." Development 129, no. 19 (2002): 4523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.19.4523.

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Анотація:

Germ cells normally differentiate in the context of encapsulating somatic cells. However, the mechanisms that set up the special relationship between germ cells and somatic support cells and the signals that mediate the crucial communications between the two cell types are poorly understood. We show that interactions between germ cells and somatic support cells in Drosophila depend on wild-type function of the stet gene. In males, stet acts in germ cells to allow their encapsulation by somatic cyst cells and is required for germ cell differentiation. In females, stet function allows inner shea

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9

Zhangab, Rong, Wancun Chang, and Jian-Yong Han. "Culture of Rabbit Embryonic Germ Cells Derived from Primordial Germ Cells." Journal of Applied Animal Research 26, no. 2 (2004): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2004.9706509.

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10

Stewart, Colin L., Inder Gadi, and Harshida Bhatt. "Stem Cells from Primordial Germ Cells Can Reenter the Germ Line." Developmental Biology 161, no. 2 (1994): 626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1994.1058.

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11

Bajaj, Anubha. "Intramural and Adapted-Germ Cell Neoplasia In situ." Journal of Medical Case Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jmcs-16000115.

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Germ cell neoplasia in situ emerges as a precursor lesion configuring type II germ cell tumours as testicular seminoma or post-pubertal non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours. Lesion is comprised of neoplastic gonocyte-like cells, latent totipotent or naive germ cells with developmental potential situated within ‘spermatogonial niche’ of seminiferous tubules. Germ cell neoplasia in situ delineates an increased incidence with conditions as uncorrected cryptorchidism, ambiguous genitalia, infertility or preceding history of post-pubertal germ cell tumour within contralateral testis. Neopl

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12

Robbins, H., C. Dores, K. Coyle, and I. Dobrinski. "74 GERM CELLS AND TESTICULAR SOMATIC CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY TO CRYOPRESERVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab74.

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Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are the foundation of spermatogenesis. Undifferentiated spermatogonia, containing SSC, represent only 2 to 5% of cells recovered from immature mammalian testis. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen allows for long-term storage of cells. Preservation of germ cells can serve as a means of genetic preservation from immature males when sperm storage is not an option. Studies have investigated the effects of cryopreservation on the spermatogenic potential of SSC and the efficiency of various cryopreservation protocols. Preliminary observations indicated that germ cell

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13

M, Yang. "In Vitro Germ Line Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells." Journal of Embryology & Stem Cell Research 3, no. 2 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jes-16000126.

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14

DuBuc, Timothy Q., Christine E. Schnitzler, Eleni Chrysostomou, et al. "Transcription factor AP2 controls cnidarian germ cell induction." Science 367, no. 6479 (2020): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay6782.

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Clonal animals do not sequester a germ line during embryogenesis. Instead, they have adult stem cells that contribute to somatic tissues or gametes. How germ fate is induced in these animals, and whether this process is related to bilaterian embryonic germline induction, is unknown. We show that transcription factor AP2 (Tfap2), a regulator of mammalian germ lines, acts to commit adult stem cells, known as i-cells, to the germ cell fate in the clonal cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Tfap2 mutants lacked germ cells and gonads. Transplanted wild-type cells rescued gonad development but n

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15

Malekmohamadi, Nasim, Alireza Abdanipour, Mehrdad Ghorbanlou, et al. "Differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells into male germ-like cells in co-culture with testicular cells." Endocrine Regulations 53, no. 2 (2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/enr-2019-0011.

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AbstractObjective. Stem cell therapy, specifically, pre-induction of mesenchymal stem cells toward male germ-like cells may be useful in patients with azoospermia. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into male germ-like cells by indirect co-culture with testicular cells in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4).Methods. Experimental groups included: control (mouse BMSCs), treatment group-1 (BMSCs treated with BMP4), treatment group-2 (indirect co-culture of BMSCs with mouse testicular cells in t

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16

Donovan, Peter J., and Maria P. de Miguel. "Turning germ cells into stem cells." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 13, no. 5 (2003): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2003.08.010.

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17

Vielle-Calzada, Jean-Philippe. "Linking stem cells to germ cells." Science 356, no. 6336 (2017): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2734.

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18

Samuel, Elizabeth Jeya Vardhini, Joseph Vimal, Nagarajan Natarajan, Sivakumar Periasamy, Sanjoy George, and Gouthaman Thiruvenkadam. "Cancer and Germ Cells." Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 04, no. 07 (2014): 606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.47070.

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19

McLaren, A. "Signaling for germ cells." Genes & Development 13, no. 4 (1999): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.4.373.

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20

Hines, Pamela J. "Germ cells on demand." Science 356, no. 6336 (2017): 392.11–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6336.392-k.

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21

López, A., N. Xamena, R. Marcos, and A. Velázquez. "Germ cells microsatellite instability." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 514, no. 1-2 (2002): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00325-4.

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22

Cinalli, Ryan M., Prashanth Rangan, and Ruth Lehmann. "Germ Cells Are Forever." Cell 132, no. 4 (2008): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.003.

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23

Xu, Cong, Yu Li, Zhengshun Wen, Muhammad Jawad, Lang Gui, and Mingyou Li. "Spinyhead Croaker Germ Cells Gene dnd Visualizes Primordial Germ Cells in Medaka." Life 12, no. 8 (2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081226.

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Анотація:

Spinyhead croaker (Collichthys lucidus) is an economically important fish suffering from population decline caused by overfishing and habitat destruction. Researches on the development of primordial germ cell (PGC) and reproduction biology were an emergency for the long-term conservation of the involved species. Dead end (dnd) gene plays an indispensable role in PGC specification, maintenance, and development. In the current study, we report the cloning and expression patterns of dnd in C. lucidus (Cldnd). RT-PCR analysis revealed that Cldnd was specifically expressed in both sexual gonads. In

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24

Horii, T. "Serum-free culture of murine primordial germ cells and embryonic germ cells." Theriogenology 59, no. 5-6 (2003): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(02)01166-4.

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25

Kimura, T., M. Tomooka, N. Yamano, et al. "AKT signaling promotes derivation of embryonic germ cells from primordial germ cells." Development 135, no. 5 (2008): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.013474.

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26

Hou, Jingmei, Shi Yang, Hao Yang, et al. "Generation of male differentiated germ cells from various types of stem cells." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 6 (2014): R179—R188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0649.

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Infertility is a major and largely incurable disease caused by disruption and loss of germ cells. It affects 10–15% of couples, and male factor accounts for half of the cases. To obtain human male germ cells ‘especially functional spermatids’ is essential for treating male infertility. Currently, much progress has been made on generating male germ cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, from various types of stem cells. These germ cells can also be used in investigation of the pathology of male infertility. In this review, we focused on advances on obtaining male differe

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27

Steinmann-Zwicky, M. "Sex determination of the Drosophila germ line: tra and dsx control somatic inductive signals." Development 120, no. 3 (1994): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.3.707.

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In Drosophila, the sex of germ cells is determined by cell-autonomous and inductive signals. XY germ cells autonomously enter spermatogenesis when developing in a female host. In contrast, XX germ cells non-autonomously become spermatogenic when developing in a male host. In first instar larvae with two X chromosomes, XX germ cells enter the female or the male pathway depending on the presence or absence of transformer (tra) activity in the surrounding soma. In somatic cells, the product of tra regulates the expression of the gene double sex (dsx) which can form a male-specific or a female-spe

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28

Poirie, M., E. Niederer, and M. Steinmann-Zwicky. "A sex-specific number of germ cells in embryonic gonads of Drosophila." Development 121, no. 6 (1995): 1867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.6.1867.

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Male first instar larvae possess more germ cells in their gonads than female larvae of the same stage. To determine the earliest time point of sexual dimorphism in germ cell number, we have counted the germ cells of sexed embryos at different developmental stages. We found no difference in germ cell number of male and female embryos at the blastoderm and early gastrulation stage, or when germ cells are about to exit the midgut pocket. We find, however, that males have significantly more germ cells than females as soon as the germ cells are near the places where the gonads are formed and in all

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29

Nowak-Imialek, Monika, Wilfried Kues, Joseph W. Carnwath, and Heiner Niemann. "Pluripotent Stem Cells and Reprogrammed Cells in Farm Animals." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 4 (2011): 474–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611000080.

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AbstractPluripotent cells are unique because of their ability to differentiate into the cell lineages forming the entire organism. True pluripotent stem cells with germ line contribution have been reported for mice and rats. Human pluripotent cells share numerous features of pluripotentiality, but confirmation of their in vivo capacity for germ line contribution is impossible due to ethical and legal restrictions. Progress toward derivation of embryonic stem cells from domestic species has been made, but the derived cells were not able to produce germ line chimeras and thus are termed embryoni

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30

Gonczy, P., and S. DiNardo. "The germ line regulates somatic cyst cell proliferation and fate during Drosophila spermatogenesis." Development 122, no. 8 (1996): 2437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.8.2437.

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Spermatogenesis relies on the function of germ-line stem cells, as a continuous supply of differentiated spermatids is produced throughout life. In Drosophila, there must also be somatic stem cells that produce the cyst cells that accompany germ cells throughout spermatogenesis. By lineage tracing, we demonstrate the existence of such somatic stem cells and confirm that of germ-line stem cells. The somatic stem cells likely correspond to the ultrastructurally described cyst progenitor cells. The stem cells for both the germ-line and cyst lineage are anchored around the hub of non-dividing soma

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31

Kohlbrenner, Tea, Simon Berger, Ana Cristina Laranjeira, et al. "Actomyosin-mediated apical constriction promotes physiological germ cell death in C. elegans." PLOS Biology 22, no. 8 (2024): e3002775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002775.

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Germ cell apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites is a physiological process eliminating around 60% of all cells in meiotic prophase to maintain tissue homeostasis. In contrast to programmed cell death in the C. elegans soma, the selection of germ cells undergoing apoptosis is stochastic. By live-tracking individual germ cells at the pachytene stage, we found that germ cells smaller than their neighbors are selectively eliminated through apoptosis before differentiating into oocytes. Thus, cell size is a strong predictor of physiological germ cell death. The RAS/MAPK and ECT/RHO/ROC

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32

Johnson, Andrew D., Brian Crother, Mary E. White, et al. "Regulative germ cell specification in axolotl embryos: a primitive trait conserved in the mammalian lineage." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1436 (2003): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1331.

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How germ cells are specified in the embryos of animals has been a mystery for decades. Unlike most developmental processes, which are highly conserved, embryos specify germ cells in very different ways. Curiously, in mouse embryos germ cells are specified by extracellular signals; they are not autonomously specified by maternal germ cell determinants (germ plasm), as are the germ cells in most animal model systems. We have developed the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), a salamander, as an experimental system, because classic experiments have shown that the germ cells in this species are induce

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33

Schüpbach, Trudi. "NORMAL FEMALE GERM CELL DIFFERENTIATION REQUIRES THE FEMALE X CHROMOSOME TO AUTOSOME RATIO AND EXPRESSION OF SEX-LETHAL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER." Genetics 109, no. 3 (1985): 529–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.3.529.

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ABSTRACT In somatic cells of Drosophila, the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (X:A ratio) determines sex and dosage compensation. The present paper addresses the question of whether germ cells also use the X:A ratio for sex determination and dosage compensation. Triploid female embryos were generated which, through the loss of an unstable ring-X chromosome, contained some germ cells of 2X;3A constitution in their ovaries. Such germ cells were shown to differentiate along one of two alternative pathways: a minority developed into normal female oocytes and eggs; the majority developed into ab

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34

Coffman, Clark R., Rachel C. Strohm, Fredrick D. Oakley, Yukiko Yamada, Danielle Przychodzin, and Robert E. Boswell. "Identification of X-Linked Genes Required for Migration and Programmed Cell Death of Drosophila melanogaster Germ Cells." Genetics 162, no. 1 (2002): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.1.273.

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Abstract Drosophila germ cells form at the posterior pole of the embryo and migrate to the somatic gonad. Approximately 50% of the germ cells that form reach their target. The errant cells within the embryo undergo developmentally regulated cell death. Prior studies have identified some autosomal genes that regulate germ cell migration, but the genes that control germ cell death are not known. To identify X-linked genes required for germ cell migration and/or death, we performed a screen for mutations that disrupt these processes. Here we report the identification of scattershot and outsiders,

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35

Kurek, Magdalena, Halima Albalushi, Outi Hovatta, and Jan-Bernd Stukenborg. "Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Reproductive Science—A Comparison of Protocols Used to Generate and Define Male Germ Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031028.

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Анотація:

Globally, fertility-related issues affect around 15% of couples. In 20%–30% of cases men are solely responsible, and they contribute in around 50% of all cases. Hence, understanding of in vivo germ-cell specification and exploring different angles of fertility preservation and infertility intervention are considered hot topics nowadays, with special focus on the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a source of in vitro germ-cell generation. However, the generation of male germ cells from hPSCs can currently be considered challenging, making a judgment on the real perspective of these

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36

Singhal, D. K., H. N. Malik, R. Singhal, et al. "199 GERM-CELL-LIKE CELLS GENERATION FROM GOAT INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab199.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) generated from embryonic stem (ES) cells in different species may be an alternative approach to dealing with the worldwide problem of increasing female infertility. Reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells has been achieved by overexpression of different transcription factors. Here, we report the generation of female goat germ cells from goat induced pluripotent stems cells (giPSC). Goat induced pluripotent stem cells (giPSC) were produced by transduction of adult female goat fibroblast cells with Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog lentiviral particles a

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37

Lehtiniemi, Tiina, and Noora Kotaja. "Germ granule-mediated RNA regulation in male germ cells." Reproduction 155, no. 2 (2018): R77—R91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0356.

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Germ cells have exceptionally diverse transcriptomes. Furthermore, the progress of spermatogenesis is accompanied by dramatic changes in gene expression patterns, the most drastic of them being near-to-complete transcriptional silencing during the final steps of differentiation. Therefore, accurate RNA regulatory mechanisms are critical for normal spermatogenesis. Cytoplasmic germ cell-specific ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, known as germ granules, participate in posttranscriptional regulation in developing male germ cells. Particularly, germ granules provide platforms for the PIWI-interact

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38

Kadyk, Lisa C., Eric J. Lambie, and Judith Kimble. "glp-3 Is Required for Mitosis and Meiosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line." Genetics 145, no. 1 (1997): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.1.111.

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The germ line is the only tissue in Caenorhabditis elegans in which a stem cell population continues to divide mitotically throughout life; hence the cell cycles of the germ line and the soma are regulated differently. Here we report the genetic and phenotypic characterization of the glp-3 gene. In animals homozygous for each of five recessive loss-of-function alleles, germ cells in both hermaphrodites and males fail to progress through mitosis and meiosis, but somatic cells appear to divide normally. Germ cells in animals grown at 15° appear by DAPI staining to be uniformly arrested at the G2

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39

Gulimiheranmu, Maisumu, Xinjie Wang, and Junmei Zhou. "Advances in Female Germ Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8849230.

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Анотація:

Germ cells are capable of maintaining species continuity through passing genetic and epigenetic information across generations. Female germ cells mainly develop during the embryonic stage and pass through subsequent developmental stages including primordial germ cells, oogonia, and oocyte. However, due to the limitation of using early human embryos as in vivo research model, in vitro research models are needed to reveal the early developmental process and related mechanisms of female germ cells. After birth, the number of follicles gradually decreases with age. Various conditions which damage

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40

Xie, Xuan, Ping Li, Martin Pšenička, et al. "Optimization of In Vitro Culture Conditions of Sturgeon Germ Cells for Purpose of Surrogate Production." Animals 9, no. 3 (2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030106.

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To expand germ cell populations and provide a consistent supply for transplantation, we established basal culture conditions for sturgeon germ cells and subsequently increased their mitotic activity by eliminating gonad somatic cells, supplementing with growth factor, and replacing fetal bovine serum (FBS). The initial basal culture conditions were Leibovitz’s L-15 medium (pH 8.0) supplemented with 5% FBS (p < 0.001) at 21 °C. Proliferation of germ cells was significantly enhanced and maintained for longer periods by elimination of gonad somatic cells and culture under feeder-cell free cond

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41

Ge, W., C. Chen, M. De Felici, and W. Shen. "In vitro differentiation of germ cells from stem cells: a comparison between primordial germ cells and in vitro derived primordial germ cell-like cells." Cell Death & Disease 6, no. 10 (2015): e1906-e1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.265.

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42

VIGNON, Xavier, Solange DELASALLE, Jacques FLÉCHON, and Yasuhisa MATSUI. "CHARACTERIZATION OF EMBRYONIC GERM CELLS DERIVED FROM PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS IN THE MOUSE." Biology of the Cell 88, no. 1-2 (1996): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-4900(97)86883-9.

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43

Tazuke, Salli I., Cordula Schulz, Lilach Gilboa, et al. "A germline-specific gap junction protein required for survival of differentiating early germ cells." Development 129, no. 10 (2002): 2529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.10.2529.

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Germ cells require intimate associations and signals from the surrounding somatic cells throughout gametogenesis. The zero population growth (zpg) locus of Drosophila encodes a germline-specific gap junction protein, Innexin 4, that is required for survival of differentiating early germ cells during gametogenesis in both sexes. Animals with a null mutation in zpg are viable but sterile and have tiny gonads. Adult zpg-null gonads contain small numbers of early germ cells, resembling stem cells or early spermatogonia or oogonia, but lack later stages of germ cell differentiation. In the male, Zp

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44

Griswold, Michael D. "50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells." Biology of Reproduction 99, no. 1 (2018): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioy027.

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Abstract The complex morphology of the Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells has been a focus of investigators since they were first described by Enrico Sertoli. In the past 50 years, information on Sertoli cells has transcended morphology alone to become increasingly more focused on molecular questions. The goal of investigators has been to understand the role of the Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis and to apply that information to problems relating to male fertility. Sertoli cells are unique in that they are a nondividing cell population that is active for the reproductive lif

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45

Byskov, A. G. "Differentiation of mammalian embryonic gonad." Physiological Reviews 66, no. 1 (1986): 71–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1986.66.1.71.

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Formation and differentiation of a gonad depend on finely controlled interactions between germ cells and various types of somatic cells. These interactions already begin when the germ cells start migrating toward the gonadal ridge. Reaching the presumptive gonadal area on the mesonephros, the germ cells join with the mesonephric-derived cells. These mesonephric cells are probably the precursors of the steroid-producing cells. A crucial event for gonadal function is the enclosure of germ cells and somatic cells in specific germ cell compartments. Survival and differentiation of the germ cells d

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46

de Souza, Aline Fernanda, Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri, and Daniele dos Santos Martins. "Step by Step about Germ Cells Development in Canine." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030598.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described as precursors of gametes and provide a connection within generations, passing on the genome to the next generation. Failures in the formation of gametes/germ cells can compromise the maintenance and conservation of species. Most of the studies with PGCs have been carried out in mice, but this species is not always the best study model when transposing this knowledge to humans. Domestic animals, such as canines (canine), have become a valuable translational research model for stem cells and therapy. Furthermore, the study of canine germ cells ope

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47

Patnaik, A. K., and F. K. Mostofi. "A Clinicopathologic, Histologic, and Immunohistochemical Study of Mixed Germ Cell-Stromal Tumors of the Testis in 16 Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 30, no. 3 (1993): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000310.

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In a review of 262 neoplasms in 225 dogs, 18 tumors in 16 dogs were mixed germ cell–stromal tumors containing intimately admixed germ cells and Sertoli cells in tubular structures of various sizes. Seven of the 18 neoplasms were predominantly composed of germ cells, and 11 were predominantly composed of Sertoli cells. In 15 neoplasms, the germ cells were more anaplastic than the Sertoli cells, and in three neoplasms, both cell types were anaplastic. Five of the seven mixed-cell tumors with predominantly germ cells had germ cells infiltrating the adjoining tissues. Immunocytochemical studies of

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48

Staab, S., A. Heller, and M. Steinmann-Zwicky. "Somatic sex-determining signals act on XX germ cells in Drosophila embryos." Development 122, no. 12 (1996): 4065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.12.4065.

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In Drosophila, the enhancer-trap line mgm1 is already specifically expressed in male germ cells. Staining is first detected in 10-hour-old embryos and it is found in later stem cells. This line, which reveals the earliest sex-specific gene expression in the germline known so far, is a useful molecular marker to assess the sexual pathway that germ cells have entered before any overt sexual dimorphism is apparent. XY germ cells that develop in feminized animals express mgm1, which shows that this marker is autonomously expressed in XY germ cells. However, XX germ cells that develop in masculiniz

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Pera, Martin F. "Biology of human testicular germ cell tumours." Reproductive Medicine Review 7, no. 2 (1999): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279999000265.

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Testicular germ cell tumours are a rare and bizarre diversion in the life cycle of the male germ line. These neoplasms are thought to originate during embryonic life from primordial germ cells (PGCs) which fail to undergo maturation into prospermatogonia. Maturation arrest and the development of aneuploidy in the PGC give rise to the precursor of germ cell malignancy, the testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) cell. Thereafter, a complex series of genetic changes, coupled with the onset of puberty, can either convert the CIS cell into a malignant tumour made up of cells resembling primordial germ

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Beanan, M. J., and S. Strome. "Characterization of a germ-line proliferation mutation in C. elegans." Development 116, no. 3 (1992): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.3.755.

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The C. elegans germ line is generated by extensive proliferation of the two germ-line progenitor cells present in newly hatched larvae. We describe genetic and phenotypic characterization of glp-4, a locus whose product is required for normal proliferation of the germ line. glp-4(bn2ts) mutant worms raised at the restrictive temperature contain approximately 12 germ nuclei, in contrast to the 700–1000 present in wild-type adults. The few germ cells present in sterile glp-4 adults appear to be arrested at prophase of the mitotic cell cycle. This cell-cycle disruption prevents the germ cells fro

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