Дисертації з теми "Gestion de ressources et de tâches"
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Poder, Emmanuel. "Programmation par contraintes et ordonnancement de tâches avec consommation variable de ressource." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21374.
Lebacque, Lehoux Vassilissa. "Théories et applications en ordonnancement : contraintes de ressources et tâches agrégées en catégories." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10128.
This thesis deals with scheduling problems in manufacturing cells. It aims at studying different classical models, analyzing links and differences between those models and the practical associated problems. The approach is to analyze the problems of our indus trial partners, to study the complexity of the problems or the structure of their solution, and to propose exact or approached solution methods. The first axis of this thesis is the study of scheduling problems with inlout resource constraints. The problems considered are robotic flowshops and the new concept of operator non-availability. The second axis concerns scheduling problems with high multiplicity, where parts are aggregated into categories. Complete description of a schedule (i. E. The starting times of the operations) is then only pseudo-polynomial of the size of the input
Lopez, Pierre. "Approche énergétique pour l'ordonnancement de tâches sous contraintes de temps et de ressources." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010278.
Rabat, Cyril. "Etude et simulation de solutions pour les grilles et systèmes pair-à-pair : application à la gestion des ressources et des tâches." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000715.pdf.
The grid or peer-to-peer applications gather a large number of resources that can be very dynamic. We need to model these applications and use appropriate tools to structure the resources in order to manage the dynamism and allow execution of services. First, we focus on modelisation of such applications thanks to a five-layers model. The three lower layers focus on subjacent mechanisms of the grid : physical network, routing and communication. The grid middleware is composed of two layers : the topology layer and the services layer. To extend algorithm validity, we wrote a library to build discrete event simulators. Their execution model is based on our theoretical model. They are written independently of the network and of the simulation models (fault, mobility, communication) and the granularity of the simulation is very large. Thanks to these tools, we proposed a solution for the resources management in dynamical networks. We use a circulating word that moves randomly and collects topological informations. To manage directed communication depending on firewalls and subjacent protocols, we propose a new content management to adapt this tool to directed graphs. Finally, we focus on the tasks management with two assignement methods called passive and active. They use a local policy, so it limits the control message exchanges and increases its fault tolerance
Agoune, Madjid. "Architectures informatiques des systèmes de commande en téléopération : étude et spécification." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112153.
Roebben, Jean-Dominique. "Gestion des ressources humaines et Brevets." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020081.
Lehoux, Vassilissa. "Théorie et applications en ordonnancement : contraintes de ressources et tâches agrégées en catégories." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997319.
Collette, Cyrille. "Commande dynamique d'humains virtuels : équilibre robuste et gestion des tâches." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066626.
Viau-Quesnel, Charles. "Alternance de tâches concurrente à l’estimation temporelle : parallélisme et partage de ressources." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29909/29909.pdf.
Prospective timing is the capacity to estimate the duration of a stimulus as it is presented. Prospective timing (hereafter referred to as timing) is sensitive to resource-sharing. In dual task paradigms, timing performance diminishes when resources involved in timing are also involved in the secondary task (interference effect, see Brown, 1997, 2008, 2010; Block, Hancock, & Zakay, 2010). Previous work has shown that an interference effect is obtained when timing is done concurrently with a task which requires the involvement of attentional resources (e.g. Brown, 1997, Fortin & Massé, 2000) or the manipulation of information in short term memory (Barouillet, Bernardin, Portrat, Vergauwe, & Camos, 2007; Fortin, Champagne, & Poirier, 2007; Fortin, Chérif, & Neath, 2005; Fortin & Rousseau, 1998). Apart from attentional and memory resources, authors have studied the interference effect with executive tasks. Some authors suggest that timing involves executive resources. Brown (2006) found an interference effect between timing and a random number generation task, a task which involves executive control. Zakay and Block (2004) observed a similar effect in a dual task experiment with timing and concurrent task switching, a paradigm often used to study cognitive control (see Monsell, 2003, for a concise review). However, Fortin, Schweickert, Gaudreault and Viau-Quesnel (2010) found no interference between task switching and concurrent timing, using a local measure of switch costs. The general objective of this thesis is to study the impact of manipulations and variations of the task switching paradigm in a dual task condition with concurrent timing. Specifically, stimuli valence, preparation and voluntary task switching are studied. The present thesis aims to better define executive processes involved in timing and, at the same time, shed new light on the nature of the processes which account for the task switch cost, a robust effect for which explanatory models remain uncertain. To this end, two experiments manipulating stimuli valence and preparatory intervals (see Chapitre II) and three experiments using a voluntary task switching paradigm (see Chapitre III) were run. In all experiments of the thesis, two conditions, reaction time and time production, allow to determine if the task switching paradigm generates switch costs in a single task condition (reaction time condition) and in a dual task condition with concurrent timing (time production condition). Also, a manipulation of memory load between trials allows comparing the effects of task switching and of memory load, the latter having been shown to interfere with concurrent timing in previous research (Fortin, Champagne, & Poirier, 2006). Results in the first article of the thesis show that bivalent task switching causes switch costs in a single task condition and that switch costs diminished asymptotically with preparation. However, in the time production condition, the effect of task switching is not significant, suggesting that task switching with bivalent stimuli does not interfere with concurrent timing. Furthermore, a manipulation of the cue-stimulus interval, which allows for preparation to task switches, did not interfere with concurrent timing. To the contrary, longer cue-stimulus intervals led to reduced over-productions of time intervals, meaning that performance in the timing task improved with longer cue-stimulus intervals. Results in the first article of the thesis suggest that timing and task switching do not share cognitive resources. In the second article of the thesis, voluntary task switching is studied. The voluntary task switching paradigm was developed by Arrington and Logan (2004; 2005) and had for objective to ensure that participants had to engage top-down cognitive control resources. This was done by removing task identifying cues and replacing them by instructions which asked participants to switch tasks randomly on approximately half trials. Results in the second article show that voluntary task switching led to switch costs in both the single task (reaction time) and dual task (time production) conditions. These results suggest that voluntary task switching engages different cognitive resources than cued task switching. Results also imply that voluntary task switching elicits resources which are required in timing. It therefore seems that timing requires executive resources, but not bottom-up processes which are involved in cued task switching.
Gastineau, Pascal. "Hétérogénéité sociale et gestion des ressources communes." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100032.
Economists have viewed the presence of externalities and other market failures as leading to a private equilibrium that would not be Pareto optimal. In the exploitation of common-pool resources, this would lead to the 'tragedy of the commons'. In dealing with the 'tragedy of the commons', the common solutions promote either state or market involvement. However, the State-market solution to social dilemmas fails to recognize that individuals in a group or a community interact in social context. This thesis explores the role of social heterogeneity in collective action among communities. This is evident in the case of the social dilemmas associated with natural resources. We propose models of compliance (threshold model, static game, evolutionary game) that allow for the existence of a social norm. The impact of the social norm on pubic policy towards externalities is examined
Khaldi, Dounia. "Parallélisation automatique et statique de tâches sous contraintes de ressources : une approche générique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935483.
Hanna, Hosam. "La planification des tâches et des ressources sous incertitude dans un système multiagent." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2067.
Devenne, François. "Mutations agraires et gestion des ressources au Kilimandjaro." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100126.
Vignon, Christophe. "Gestion prévisionnelle des ressources humaines et changement organisationnel." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12009.
In our environment of hard competition between firms, ot technological innovation and of organizational flexibility, human resource planification becomes an important goal for human resource managers. This dynamic approach of human resource wich take care of time, is normally based on: organization strategy, present and future jobs and women and men who are working in the firm. From a study by non-directive interviews with one sample of forty human resource managers and two deeper interventions, we formulate the conditions of an efficient human resource planification, as it can be drawn up by human resource managers. Human resource planification is also described as an organizational change technic. So we look in wich condition it can become a real change action
Laruelle, Hervé. "Planification temporelle et exécution de tâches en robotique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30048.
Hermenier, Fabien. "Gestion dynamique des tâches dans les grappes : une approche à base de machines virtuelles." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476822.
Louis, François. "L'Education nationale, le contrôle de gestion et la gestion des ressources humaines." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE018.
Gutierrez, Edgar. "Territoire, saisonnalité et gestion des ressources en Amazonie vénézuelienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0055.
El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en poner en evidencia cómo una comunidad amerindia arawako de la Amazonia venezolana se representa su medio y las prácticas que aplica en la gestión de los espacios y ecosistemas. Los datos reunidos en este trabajo, de carácter interdisciplinario, intentan responder a los distintos tipos de problemas que se plantean en la delimitación de un territorio indígena, en particular con relación a su construcción social. Para eso, esta memoria consagra una primera parte a presentar generalidades sobre el contexto geográfico, ecológico, histórico y cultural del oeste de la Amazonia venezolana donde esta establecida la comunidad autóctona que fue objeto de nuestro estudio. Luego, presenta un cuadro general de vida de los habitantes de La Comunidad, discutiendo brevemente de su pertenencia étnica y los distintos tipos de responsabilidad en la vida social. Su vida religiosa se abordó también, en la medida en que ésta tiene una incidencia sobre la gestión de los recursos naturales. Diversas variables culturales se combinan en la representación que los habitantes se hacen de su territorio y el conocimiento que tienen de éste. En primer lugar, se compiló datos históricos sobre la ocupación del espacio por los habitantes de La Comunidad. Luego se expone la influencia de las variaciones espacio-temporales de los factores hídricos y climáticos sobre el carácter estacional de la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de los recursos florísticos y faunísticos, asi como su relación con las actividades productivas. Presentamos a continuación las distintas categorías ecológicas reconocidas por los habitantes en su medio, en relación con la utilización del territorio. Luego se examina la forma en que los habitantes de La Comunidad se representan su territorio y tienen en cuenta las relaciones con los seres espirituales. Por último, se examina el resultado de la representación que se hacen de su territorio, sobre la base de la combinación de todos esos elementos, que conjugan observaciones e imaginario. Terminaremos por una exposición sobre el análisis de distintos derechos de propiedad, de derechos de uso y de modalidades de apropiación del territorio y los recursos, respecto a derechos expresados por la legislación del Estado venezolano. Los dos últimos capítulos se consagran a generalidades sobre la alimentación para, a continuación, examinar en detalle su relación con las distintas prácticas vinculadas a la utilización del medio: la agricultura, la pesca, la caza y la recolección. La conclusión destaca la dificultad de las poblaciones indígenas para hacer corresponder lo mejor posible sus representaciones del territorio que reivindican, donde rigen normas precisas de acceso, con una lógica del Estado venezolano que les es extranjera. La presión exterior sobre su mundo cultural les lleva actualmente a reducir el espacio de producción y extracción de los recursos alimentarios y, por lo tanto, la durabilidad de la agricultura y la transmisión de sus conocimientos, exceptuando los espacios sujetos a la influencia de los seres espirituales
The purpose of this thesis is to show how an Amerindian Arawakan community of the Venezuelan Amazon basin represents itself its environment and the practices that it applies for the management of the spaces and the ecosystems. The data showed in this interdisciplinary work, is an attempt to answer the different questions posed about the delimitation of indigenous people's territories, particularly related to its social structure. The first part of this memory presents an overview of the geographic, historical and cultural context of the west Amazon Venezuelan basin, where the autochthon community object of our research inhabits. Then, a general table of life about the inhabitants of La Comunidad is presented, discussing briefly their ethnic identity and the different types of membership's responsibilities in the social life. Their religious life have been analysed as long as it affects the natural resources management. Several cultural variables are combined in the form the inhabitants use to present their territory and knowledge they have of it. Firstly, we gathered historical data on the occupation of space by the inhabitants of La Comunidad. Then we expose the influence of the space-time variations of the hydrous and climatic factors on of the qualitative and quantitative availabilities of the floristic and animal resources and their relationship to the productive activities. Then, we present the various ecological categories recognized by the inhabitants in their environment related to the use of the territory. Afterwards, we examine the way the inhabitants of La Comunidad represent their territory and take into account the relations with the spiritual beings. Finally, we review the results of the representation they made of their territory, based on the combination of all these elements, conjugating observations and imaginary. We will finish exposing the analysis of the property rights, and the methods of appropriation of the territory and the resources, compared to the rights expressed by the legislation of the Venezuelan Administration. The two final chapters are dedicated to general information related to the food, in order to examine in detail its relationship with the different practices linked to the use of the medium: agriculture, fishing, hunting, and the gathering. The conclusion emphasizes the difficulty of the indigenous populations trying to link, in the best possible way, their representations of their territory, to the precise access rules asserted by the administrative logic of the State, which is foreign for them. This external pressure over their cultural world currently leads them to reduce the space of production and extraction of the alimentary resources and, consequently, the durability of agriculture and transmission of their knowledge, excepting the spaces subjected to the influence of the spiritual beings
Galia, Fabrice. "Compétences des entreprises, gestion des ressources humaines et innovation." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020070.
Francois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Habibe-Meisse, Beyahe. "Dynamique des ressources demersales dans l’écosystème marin mauritanien : vulnérabilité des ressources et impacts de la pêche." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARH087.
The thesis focuses on the evaluation of the Mauritanian demersal fishery resources and the health of the ecosystem as a whole. The biophysical environment and fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone are presented in the first chapter. The too following chapters deal with the implementation of a series of stock assessment methods. These methods are first implemented to assess the stock status of white grouper, and then applied more broadly to 22 demersal species. Combined assessment of all stocks indicate an overall overexploitation of demersal stocks, with a current fishing effort that exceeds EMSY by around 30%, and a biomass that has been divided by about 3 since 1982. This third chapter is also an opportunity to discuss more theoretical aspects based on a comparative ecological approach to analyze factors that explain stocks resiliency. These analyzes show that stocks whose index of vulnerability is high and stocks of larger species are those that support the highest fishing pressure, but also those who are currently the most exploited. The last chapter aims at replacing the demersal resources dynamics into ecosystem global dynamics. It is based on the update of an existing Ecopath model, and the development an EcoTroph model. This approach enables a diagnosis at the ecosystem scale. It also highlights the strong interactions between fisheries, particularly between the small-scale coastal fishery (PAC) and the pelagic fishing industry, but also between CAP and the demersal fishing industry. This analysis is very useful for the construction of fisheries evolution scenarios, and ecosystems diagnosis in the region
Terrien, Mickaël. "Orchestration des ressources et efficience des entreprises de spectacle sportif." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0504.
This work aims at reaching the meta level of strategy by reconciling the division between content and process analysis. To achieve it, the theoretical framework of resource orchestration is applied to a transparent industry, French football clubs. The performance of those organizations, which is multidimensional and idiosyncratic, is assessed thanks to the method of data envelopment analysis. Moreover, pure managerial efficiency scores are decomposed into three organizational process (structuring the resource portfolio, bundling resources and leveraging capabilities) in order to look inside the black box and to better locate the origins of the differentials of performance. The results indicate, among other things, the existence of a competitive advantage based on the labor market imperfections. It lies on the three micro-foundations of such advantage (attracting, retaining and motivating employees at lower wage than its competitors). Then, this content analysis allows to deal with three strategic issues faced by French football clubs: the definition of their organizational aim according to the opportunities and threats in the environment; the determinants of managerial succession; their resilience capacity after a period of turbulence. The pursuit of the meta level of strategy allows to highlight that competing theories dealing with each strategic problems could coexist
Lévesque, François. "Gestion et localisation de ressources sur un assistant numérique personnel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ56932.pdf.
Lévesque, François. "Gestion et localisation de ressources sur un assistant numérique personnel." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Bacou, Mathieu. "Performance et gestion de ressources dans un cloud multi-virtualisé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0042.
Companies use cloud computing to lower entry and usage costs of using information technologies as a resource. The main feature of cloud computing that enables these lower costs is the pooling of resources with other users. Pooling of resources is based on virtualization. The principle is to sell physical, concrete resources from a data-center as virtual, abstract resources. The core concern for both cloud providers and clients is the efficiency, on various axes, of the virtualization solution. The former wish to serve as many clients as possible with the given physical resources of the data-center. It puts an emphasis on the capability of the virtualization solution to allocate resources with limited waste. Another target for optimization is the power usage of the data-center. Efficient management of resources has a great effect on it. As for clients of cloud computing, they seek guarantees on performance, including predictability. Indeed, the virtualization solution must provide them with the same performance level despite abstraction of physical resources into virtual resources. Buying cloud resources as cheap as possible is also a priority. There are two main virtualization solutions: virtual machines and containers. Both have their own sets of benefits and drawbacks, on the axes of resource management and performance. However containers can be nested inside of virtual machines, thus building a multi-virtualized cloud. How best to use both solutions in this new environment? This thesis explores issues that arise from combining both virtualization solutions. It proposes new systems to gain better performance, to improve resource management and to provide cheaper cloud services using multi-virtualization. First, it describes a novel workload consolidation method to further reduce power usage ; second, an allocation algorithm for resources of containers that fixes their intrinsic issue of performance predictability ; and third, two joint systems that optimize multi-virtualized networking to improve performance and resource utilization, and save money on cloud usage. Theses works play at every level of nested virtualization in order to move the technology of multi-virtualization forward
Hatoum, Abbas Antoun. "Gestion de ressources et d'interférences dans les réseaux femtocell ofdma." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066093.
Recently, operators have resorted to femtocell networks in order to enhance indoor coverage, network capacity and quality of service since macro-antennas alone fail to reach these objectives. Nevertheless, they are confronted to many challenges. To successfully deploy such solution, efficient resource allocation algorithms and interference mitigation techniques should be deployed. In this thesis, we address the issue of resources allocation in femtocell networks using OFDMA technology (e. G. , WiMAX, LTE). Specifically, we first propose a hybrid centralized/distributed resource allocation strategy for split spectrum namely Femtocell Cluster-based Resource Allocation (FCRA). Firstly, FCRA builds disjoint femtocell clusters. Then, within a cluster the optimal resource allocation for each femtocell is performed by its clusterhead. Finally, the contingent collisions among different clusters are fixed. To achieve this, we formulate the problem mathematically as Min-Max optimization problem. Then, a co-channel resource allocation algorithm (CO-FCRA) introduces spectrum sharing between femto and macro users. Spectrum sensing approaches are used to detect existing neighboring transmissions in the uplink and estimates resources used in the downlink to allocate resources accordingly. In a second approach, we consider networks with quality of service differentiation among users and propose a new algorithm, namely (Q-FCRA) with both high priority and best effort users. The optimization problem is modified to take into account both user types and allocates resources accordingly. The objective is to maximize the number of accepted high priority users and allocate as much as possible best effort users. As a third contribution, we present a power control algorithm (QP-FCRA), where femto stations allocate both resource blocks and transmission power on the different channels to effectively mitigate interference within the same cluster and increase the spectrum spatial reuse. The transmission power is calculated based on the interference received to satisfy a minimum required SINR threshold. Several existing works have been used for comparison. Different network densities, interference levels, session duration and mobility rates have been considered. Performance evaluation shows the improvement and the outperformance of our algorithms compared to the existing techniques regarding different performance metrics such as the number of accepted and rejected users, the fairness, the throughput satisfaction rate, the spectrum spatial reuse and the convergence and computation time. The scalability of our algorithm compared to the centralized ones is proven as well as the performance compared to the distributed algorithms
Georgiou, Yiannis. "Contributions for resource and job management in high performance computing." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM079.
High Performance Computing is characterized by the latest technological evolutions in computing architectures and by the increasing needs of applications for computing power. A particular middleware called Resource and Job Management System (RJMS), is responsible for delivering computing power to applications. The RJMS plays an important role in HPC since it has a strategic place in the whole software stack because it stands between the above two layers. However, the latest evolutions in hardware and applications layers have provided new levels of complexities to this middleware. Issues like scalability, management of topological constraints, energy efficiency and fault tolerance have to be particularly considered, among others, in order to provide a better system exploitation from both the system and user point of view. This dissertation provides a state of the art upon the fundamental concepts and research issues of Resources and Jobs Management Systems. It provides a multi-level comparison (concepts, functionalities, performance) of some Resource and Jobs Management Systems in High Performance Computing. An important metric to evaluate the work of a RJMS on a platform is the observed system utilization. However, studies and logs of production platforms show that HPC systems in general suffer of significant un-utilization rates. Our study deals with these clusters' un-utilization periods by proposing methods to aggregate otherwise un-utilized resources for the benefit of the system or the application. More particularly this thesis explores RJMS level mechanisms: 1) for increasing the jobs valuable computation rates in the high volatile environments of a lightweight grid context, 2) for improving system utilization with malleability techniques and 3) providing energy efficient system management through the exploitation of idle computing machines. The experimentation and evaluation in this type of contexts provide important complexities due to the inter-dependency of multiple parameters that have to be taken into control. In this thesis we have developed a methodology based upon real-scale controlled experimentation with submission of synthetic or real workload traces
Sebti, Khalid. "La décomposition des tâches et son rôle dans la gestion d'un projet logiciel : méthode et outil." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ESAE0011.
Le, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Muhammad, Farooq. "Ordonnancement de tâches efficace et à complexité maîtrisée pour des systèmes temps réel." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4001.
Les performances des algorithms d’ordonnancement ont un impact direct sur les performances du système complet. Les algorithmes d’ordonnancement temps réel possèdent des bornes théoriques d’ordonnanabilité optimales mais cette optimalité est souvent atteinte au prix d’un nombre élevé d’événements d’ordonnancement à considérer (préemptions et migrations de tˆaches) et d’une complexité algorithmique importante. Notre opinion est qu’en exploitant plus efficacement les paramètres des tˆaches il est possible de rendre ces algorithmes plus efficaces et à coût maîtrisé, et ce dans le but d’améliorer la Qualité de Service (QoS) des applications. Nous proposons dans un premier temps des algorithmes d’ordonnancement monoprocesseur qui augmentent la qualité de service d’applications hybrides c’est-à-dire qu’en situation de surcharge, les tâches à contraintes souples ont leur exécution maximisée et les échéances des tâches à contraintes strictes sont garanties. Le coût d’ordonnancement de ces algorithmes est aussi réduit (nombre de préemptions) par une meilleure exploitation des paramètres implicites et explicites des tâches. Cette réduction est bénéfique non seulement pour les performances du système mais elle agit aussi positivement sur la consommation d’énergie. Aussi nous proposons une technique associée `a celle de DVFS (dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) afin de minimiser le nombre de changements de points de fonctionnement du fait qu’un changement de fréquence implique un temps d’inactivité du processeur et une consommation d’énergie. Les algorithmes d’ordonnancement multiprocesseur basés sur le modèle d’ordonnancement fluide (notion d’équité) atteignent des bornes d’ordonnanabilité optimales. Cependant cette équité n’est garantie qu’au prix d’hypothèses irréalistes en pratique du fait des nombres très élevés de préemptions et de migrations de tˆaches qu’ils induisent. Dans cette thèse un algorithme est proposé (ASEDZL) qui n’est pas basé sur le modèle d’ordonnancement fluide. Il permet non seulement de réduire les préemptions et les migrations de tâches mais aussi de relâcher les hypothèses imposées par ce modèle d’ordonnancement. Enfin nous proposons d’utiliser ASEDZL dans une approche d’ordonnancement hiérarchique ce qui permet d’obtenir de meilleurs résultats que les techniques classiques
Holmer, Neves Ana Lucia. "L'entreprise et la gestion des ressources humaines en France et comparaison avec le Brésil." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020142.
Pratical study of humain ressources management in small, medium and large corporations in brazil through the analysis of the earlier forms of labour organization and its major evolutions upon which wxe will build so as to come up with a management model adapted to corporations in general and suited to their size in france and brazil, concerning in particular : recrutement, training and salary p@olicies
Ayong, Le Kama Alain. "Ressources environnementales et soutenabilité de la croissance." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010027.
The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to analyze the link between economic growth and environment. We have tried to set a framework which can allow to build environmental policies that insure sustainability of economic growth in the long run. In the first part, we propose a study which supposes that the authorities in charge of environmental policies have a complete knowledge of the structure of natural phenomena technologies and current and future preferences. After a brief survey of the literature, we use a simple model to study conditions in which the economy can evolve along a win-win balanced growth path in the first chapter. In the second chapter, we provide an ethical study of the sustainability concept. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the relevance of the models studied before knowing that the main difficulty to come to a decision today in terms of environmental policy is due to our complete ignorance of its long-run consequences, we wonder on the effects of the introduction of environmental uncertainties on the decisions of the central planner. The third chapter analyses two types of environmental uncertainties one is about future generations preferences and the other is on the evolution of environmental resource's stock. At last, in the fourth chapter, we use a microeconomic approach to study the consumers behavior with environmental uncertainty
Leroy, Maya. "Gestion stratégique des écosystèmes du fleuve Sénégal : actions et inactions publiques internationales /." [Paris] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40957747b.
Esquirol, Patrick. "Règles et processus d'inférence pour l'aide à l'ordonnancement de tâches en présence de contraintes." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30280.
Diouf, Ndiaye Awa. "Les femmes et le développement local au Sénégal : le rôle des associations féminines dans le bassin arachidier : l'exemple de Diourbel." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30026/document.
Women play an important role in Senegalese society occupying a central position in the economic and social life of the nation. In this thesis we will highlight the dynamism and the heroic levels of energy that Senegalese women invest in their daily tasks. Our observations will focus on the region of Diourbel. Their dynamism will be assessed throughout their daily activities, including their efforts to reach an economic self-sufficiency and their work within organizations. Diourbel used to be the center of the groundnut (peanut) basin. The borders of this region changed with shifts in the techniques of peanut farming and modifications in the environment. The latter has had effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants, particularly on women who had to find ways to adapt to such challenges as men migrating and increases in the cost of running a household. We highlight the active role women play within the family, demonstrating their collective and individual activities. These details are presented within the context of such multidimensional issues facing the old groundnut basin, as the incoherence of the colonial and national agricultural policies which have been aggravated by the combination of anthropogenic and physical factors. In addition the women´s associations are characterized by their variety, objectives, methods and internal relationships. The analysis will show them to be an inevitable feminine response to the observed social, economic and environmental changes. Women of Baol play a substantial role and exert significant influence on the process of maintaining both the social and familiar structures of their communities. As women carry out these efforts, our analysis will reveal how these efforts generate new perspectives
Labrossse, Alexis. "Gestion optimale des ressources et développement durable pour une entreprise forestière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38123.pdf.
Elias, Elias. "Gouvernance et gestion des ressources humaines : le cas du Burkina Faso." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT1046.
In our case study, we detected the different influances of the human ressources management technics on a favorit organisational behavior for the integrity as a management style. Our obervations are focused in general on Africa and particulary Burkina Faso. In this context our studies are fixed on how the human capital is evaluated in Burkina Faso. In this respects these questions are asked : 1-What are the different influences in Human ressources. 2-Can we talk about Burkina’s moderne model in Human ressources. 3-How can the african companies integrate in a moderne and globalised model
Crozet, Paul. "Management communal et gestion des ressources humaines dans les villes moyennes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS1000.
From : - the examination of the public management broadly speaking and the local management in particular, - the utilization of three questionnaires addressed to the mayor, the town clerk and the human resources director of towns with a population of 20 000 to 80 000, - and finally of the statements drawn on participating comments of two town halls completed by semi-directed interviews ; the thesis aims to describe and to analyse the modernization movement of town halls human resources management, characterized
Kekhia, Walid. "Propositions pour un système de gestion d'objets et de ressources pédagogiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0025.
In order to make easier the seeking, the reuse and the sharing of the learning resource, we present an approach of the management of the learning objects by defining a structuring model of the aforesaid objects which describes in UML the triplet (types, properties and relations) and a set of metadata allowing to describe these objects according to a well defined semantics for their research. To validate metadata, the structure of their representation in RDF is defined by a RDF schema. The processes of this model are illustrated by an algorithm of scheduling which is based on the relation of prerequisites by checking that a course presents concepts in accordance with the prerequisites and a student is not registered with a course of which it does not have prerequisites. The interest of this approach is that this structure allows managing the material and human resources necessary to a learning, and, the existence of a RDF schema for the metadata exclude semantic ambiguities
MAMOU, AHMED. "Caracteristiques, evaluation et gestion des ressources en eau du sud-tunisien." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112380.
Job, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Yan, Zhi. "Contributions à la coordination de tâches et de mouvements pour un système multi-robots." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/171340167#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
This thesis studies the issue of multi-robot coordination from the standpoint of planning, which contains task planning and motion planning. Two new approaches are proposed for the task planning. The first one is a decentralized approach based on trading rules. This approach is designed to simulate the relationship between buyers and sellers in a business system, to achieve dynamic task allocation by using a mechanism of unsolicited bid. The second approach is an heuristic one which is based on an empirical model. It is designed to assign the transportation task to individual robots by estimating the production rate of goods in a centralized system. Two new approaches are proposed for the motion planning. Both are sampling-based approaches, designed to plan separate kinematic paths for multiple robots to minimize the issue of waiting situation including congestion, collision and deadlock, in an effective way in order to improve the system planning efficiency. All these proposed approaches have been tested and evaluated through simulation experiments
Gentil, Gérard. "Informatisation et emploi : la transformation du métier de banquier. L'incidence de l'informatisation des tâches administratives sur l'emploi bancaire." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090023.
Modeling the evolution of administrative employment in the banks. The sophistication of data processing increases the tasks of control and conception, and distributes the work of execution. The renovation of banks systems letting the banks to be decentralized increases the personnel. The evolutions of the business and the systems change the structure of organization, with the coexistence of bureaucratic and organic structures. This coexistence of different structures induces decentralization and augmentation of administrative personnel. An enquiry among 40 banks illustrates the phenomena
Bamazi, Dihesa. "Contribution à la connaissance des styles de gestion des ressources humaines en Afrique : effet sociétal et gestion des ressources humaines : cas particulier du Togo." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT4003.
Today africa developpement should go through the imperative of private initiative. Relying on the idea that human ressources management problems should be listed among the principals reasons of enterprises bad running, this present research has been centred on this domain practices. Accurately, we are interested in the osicocultural factors effects on human ressources management practice and the togo's concrete cultural environnement. This study is based on a survey of 49 togolege firms and has for objective to provide a conceptual setting for an apprehension and a better understanding of human and organizational appearance of the management
Fournier, Patrick. "Eaux claires, eaux troubles dans le Comtat venaissin : XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : imaginaire, technique et politique dans un État de l'Europe méridionale /." Perpignan : Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37080132w.
De, Sa Louis Charles. "La mondialisation des ressources naturelles et les conditions de sa réalisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20012.
This work is divided in three parts : II) globalization and structural transformations in production this part analyses the phenomenon of globalization and the transformations of the industrial system in the old countries, their links with the row materials and their evolution in the time. Ch. L - globalization and the manufacture transformation Ch. 2 - renewal of the industrial structures in the old developed countries II) the necessity of a durable development or the ways to integrate economy and society this part study the sustained development analyzing the problems of economic and population growth after 1900, makes an inventory in row materials, overall energetic, and analyses the new problem posed by the pollution. Ch. L - growth analyses in occident after xix century Ch. 2 - the problem posed by the world population Ch. 3 - the geo-economic disponibilities of natural resources Ch. 4 - the pollution or a new break in growth III) the requirements of the economic rentability this part is a reexamination of the economic theory of natural resources under constraint of natural growth, the perfect and controlled markets and the problem of stability of prices and money. Ch. 1 - basic methods utilized in economic studies Ch. 2 - the relationships between a flux economics (renewable resources) and a stock economics (nonrenewable resources) Ch. 3 - trade importance and prices behavior of row materials Ch. 4 - the consideration of natural resources inside the function
Allain-El, Mansouri Béatrice. "L'eau et la ville au Maroc : Rabat-Salé et sa périphérie /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37711626b.
Ben, Dhaou Moaiz. "Optimisation du placement de tâches dans les systèmes distribués et de l'allocation de ressources pour les communications multipoints." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112282.
Combinatorial optimization problems consist in finding an optimal solution among a great number of feasible solutions. This kind of problems arise in many fields. In this thesis, we have studied optimization problems occuring in distributed systems and telecommunication networks. The problems we have considered are NP-complete, so there might not exist polynomial time algorithms to solve them optimally. We have, on the one hand, explored theoritical aspects of the problems: we studied some variants that can be solved either optimally or approximately with polynomial time algorithms. On the other hand, we looked at the practical side and proposed efficient heuristics. We first looked at a task assignment problem. For a given application, we seek to assign its tasks among different processors of a parallel architecture so as to minimize its overall completion time. We have proposed polynomial time approximation schemes to solve variants of the problem. Moreover, we have described many new heuristics to solve the general problem and we have provided methods to calculate lower bounds. The second problem we looked at arises in the field of telecommunications. It is a resources allocation problem in a multipoint communications setting. This problem, relatively recent, arised from the necessity of managing new applications for instance video-conference, group communication or network games. We have studied two problems. The first deals with network design (synthesis) under least cost and multipoint communications demand satisfaction. In the second, we seek to maximize the number of simultaneous multipoint communications in a network with fixed link capacities
Arcimoles, Charles-Henri d'. "Diagnostic financier externe et gestion des ressources humaines : nécessité et pertinence du bilan social." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010009.
This research has a double purpose: the first part is a theoretical work which first establishes the necessity of having reliable social data to aprreciate the risk-return equilibrium of the firm. The complexity of an outside analysis of social data is also developped. This complexity is partly caused by the imperfection of models which try to articulate human resources management and the performance of the firm. These models are presented and also the results of numerous empirical work devoted to this topic. The second part is an empirical work which tests the usefulness of the french social report from a financial analysis point of view. Social and financial panel data are used for this research in order to identify immediate and lagged associations during the 1982-1989 period. Within the strict limits of the used sample, this research states that the french social report brings investors interesting information that they should use for the necessary control of the human resources management