Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention"

We aimed to determine whether the administration of statins to type 2 diabetics without pre-existing CHD reduced the incidence of CHD and their effects on cholesterol and CRP levels. All the participants were carefully interviewed, clinically examined, and laboratory tested to exclude conditions likely to provoke an inflammatory response that was an exclusion criterion. Exclusion criteria: Serious heart, liver or kidney problems, history of renal transplant, recent history of drug or alcohol abuse, HbA1c>10%, blood pressure >140/90mmHg, BMI >35 kg/m2, triglycerides >3,0mmol/dm3. 95 obese diabetics (mean age 60,9 years and BMI=31,59 kg/m2, diabetes duration more than 10 years) without pre-existing CHD, were included in the analysis and were randomized to simvastatin (25 female and 20 male used 40 mg simvastatin daily) or placebo (30 female and 20 male) group. After six months, simvastatin significantly lowered CRP levels by 19%, (p<0,01), cholesterol levels by 18%, TG levels by 8%, LDL levels by 20% and VLDL levels by 17%, whereas there was no change with placebo. After one year the difference sustained between groups. Coronary events were rarely in the simvastatin group (6,6%) than in the placebo group (14%). Coronary revascularizations were 4 in the placebo group and 1 in the simvastatin group. Rate of stroke was more often in the placebo group (18%) than in the simvastatin group (8,8%). So, reduction of acute CHD events is for 7,4% in the simvastatin group. Positive correlation was between CRP and CVD (r=0,29). Statin therapy reduced the risk of coronary hearth disease in diabetics without CHD.

In today's era non communicable diseases are most prevalent diseases. They are also known as chronic diseases. Cardiovascular disease (heart disease) or Hridaroga is one of them. This is a lifestyle disorder and that’s why we should always focus on a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of this lethal disease. Our various bad food habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major causes for heart disease. This article will provide all of us a brief knowledge of heart disease (hridaroga). One has correctly said “Prevention is better than cure”. So, this article will mainly focus on how we can prevent heart disease through ayurveda. Ayurveda is the best pathy to prevent lifestyle disorder. Here we will see various yoga asanas, various dietary habits, lifestyle modifications we can do to prevent the disease. Keywords: Hridaroga, hridashoola, CVD

Positive psychology has led a movement that concentrates on positive characteristics. The current study examined the relationship between positive emotions, negative emotions, flourishing, languishing, and cardiovascular functioning. The study uses guided imagery to help participants recall a negative emotional event and positive emotional event in a counterbalanced order. The reverse order allowed us to examine the differential contributions of stress buffering versus facilitated recovery effects to higher levels of heart rate variability (HRV). The study also examined the relationship between mental health categories and known cardiovascular disease risk. Univariate analysis of variance revealed that positive emotions can serve as a stress buffer and dampen cardiovascular responses to a negative event. Also, analysis revealed a trend for the prediction that positive emotions can facilitate cardiovascular recovery following a negative event. Exploratory analysis did not reveal differences between a facilitated recovery group and a buffering group for cardiovascular measures. Future studies should include tighter control to help compare the differential influences of stress facilitation and stress buffering on cardiovascular functioning. The results from the study indicate that it is still too early to tell whether mental health buffers those individuals from developing CVD, and to answer whether languishing increases the risk of CVD. Longitudinal studies of young individuals without a prior history of any risk of CVD and who are flourishing or languishing might help provide answers to these questions.

È importante individuare strategie e meccanismi per sfruttare le opportunità offerte dalla digitalizzazione in ambito sanitario delle attività e dalla gestione dei Big Data per migliorare efficienza, monitoraggio, prevenzione e cura delle patologie. possibilità di applicazione della medicina di precisione, refertazione in anatomia patologica e automazione della raccolta dati. Il lavoro di tesi è incentrato sulle problematiche legate alle malattie cardio-cerebrovascolari e la loro correlazione con il territorio con cui i soggetti interagiscono. È stato realizzato un nuovo sistema di monitoraggio del territorio che possa individuare possibili legami tra la composizione del territorio, in termini di opere pubbliche e private, e lo stato di salute delle persone. Un apposito insieme di dati viene fornito al modello di modello di machine learning, basato sulle reti neurali e provvederà ad operare nell'estrazione di possibili correlazioni tra la tipologia di edifici e la percentuale di soggetti a rischio cardiovascolare.

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) plays an important role in heart development and disease. Here we set out to create a Drosophila model of heart disease that will complement the existing mouse model based on Fragile X protein deficiency. Proteins within the Fragile X family are RNA binding proteins that control the translation of specific RNAs. Previous studies have shown that loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein, autosomal homolog 1 (FXR1) leads to heart phenotypes in the mouse. The Drosophila model will allow us to perform rapid genetic rescue experiments to identify specific targets of FMR1, the only type of FMR expressed in the fly, that are responsible for creating the structural and functional defects when FMR1 is repressed. To create a model of heart disease in the fly, we knocked down FMR1 and examined its effects by measuring the heart rate in early pupae. We discovered that the total loss of function for FMR1 leads a decreased heart rate. Interestingly, heterozygous loss of function (LOF) mutants exhibited a significant decrease in heart rate that could be partially rescued by inserting hFXR1, a human homolog of FMRP.

The purpose of this research was to obtain information on the content of education within cardiac rehabilitation programs, methods of administering education, what the barriers are to providing education and which professionals administer education.To reach this goal, a questionnaire was modified from a previous study and a pilot study was undertaken to establish reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was then sent to a sample of 100 directors of cardiac rehabilitation programs belonging to The American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR). The questionnaire focused on 13 established areas of education within cardiac rehabilitation programs.Once the questionnaires were completed, the information was transferred to a table format based upon the 13 content areas. The following conclusions were drawn from the research and the data gathered: 11 of the 13 content areas are offered at least 84% of the time, the major barriers for the 13 content areas were lack of time and lack of interest on the patient's behalf, the most frequent methods of education for all 13 content areas were individual education, print materials, and group education, and the primary educator overall for all 13 content areas was the nurse followed by the exercise physiologist and dietitian/nutritionist.
Department of Physiology and Health Science

Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, of which over 75% occurred in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The lipid profile, specifically decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglyceride levels and the presence of small-dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been reported associated with CVD. An increased number of sdLDL is also common in metabolic syndrome (MetS), visceral obesity and diabetes mellitus, the last a known risk factor for CVD. The modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) size, or number of sdLDL particles, has been reported to significantly reduce CVD risk, but not conclusively so and needs further investigation. In this regard, sdLDL particles are seldom estimated routinely for clinical use because of financial and other limitations. Currently, an alternative approach for estimating sdLDL is to use equations derived from routine lipid measures, as has been proposed by several groups. However, there is a need for extensive evaluation of this equation across different ethnic and disease groups, especially since reports showed an inadequate performance of the equation in a Korean population. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a recently proposed equation for the estimation of sdLDL in healthy and diabetic mixed ancestry South Africans. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of sdLDL as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as measured against known risk factors such as the glycemic and lipid profiles.

Information technology has virtually altered every aspect of human life in the present era. The application of informatics in the health sector is rapidly gaining prominence and the benefits of this innovative paradigm are being realized across the globe. This evolution produced large number of patients’ data that can be employed by computer technologies and machine learning techniques, and turned into useful information and knowledge. This data can be used to develop expert systems to help in diagnosing some life-threating diseases such as heart diseases, with less cost, processing time and improved diagnosis accuracy. Even though, modern medicine is generating huge amount of data every day, little has been done to use this available data to solve challenges faced in the successful diagnosis of heart diseases. Highlighting the need for more research into the usage of robust data mining techniques to help health care professionals in the diagnosis of heart diseases and other debilitating disease conditions. Based on the foregoing, this thesis aims to develop a health informatics system for the classification of heart diseases using data mining techniques focusing on Radial Basis functions and emerging Neural Networks approach. The presented research involves three development stages; firstly, the development of a preliminary classification system for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) using Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks. The research then deploys the deep learning approach to detect three different types of heart diseases i.e. Sleep Apnea, Arrhythmias and CAD by designing two novel classification systems; the first adopt a novel deep neural network method (with Rectified Linear unit activation) design as the second approach in this thesis and the other implements a novel multilayer kernel machine to mimic the behaviour of deep learning as the third approach. Additionally, this thesis uses a dataset obtained from patients, and employs normalization and feature extraction means to explore it in a unique way that facilitates its usage for training and validating different classification methods. This unique dataset is useful to researchers and practitioners working in heart disease treatment and diagnosis. The findings from the study reveal that the proposed models have high classification performance that is comparable, or perhaps exceed in some cases, the existing automated and manual methods of heart disease diagnosis. Besides, the proposed deep-learning models provide better performance when applied on large data sets (e.g., in the case of Sleep Apnea), with reasonable performance with smaller data sets. The proposed system for clinical diagnoses of heart diseases, contributes to the accurate detection of such disease, and could serve as an important tool in the area of clinic support system. The outcome of this study in form of implementation tool can be used by cardiologists to help them make more consistent diagnosis of heart diseases.

The number one killer of women in the United States is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) include advancing age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family history, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and high intake of saturated fats and low dietary fiber. A women’s risk for development of CVD dramatically increases after menopause and with the number of CVRFs. CVD is often preventable. Evidence supports addressing CVRFs reduction early (in the pre-menopausal years) through heart-healthy behaviors such as increasing physical activity, promoting healthy eating, moderate alcohol consumption and not smoking. Therefore, understanding premenopausal women’s CVRFs knowledge is an important area of inquiry. In addition, the Nemcek Wellness Model suggests that self-nurturance, as well as knowledge, may be an important factor for explaining women’s wellness behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of CVRFs, level of self-nurturance and the performance of heart-healthy behaviors in women ages 35 to 55 years. This study used a cross sectional survey design and venue sampling. The survey included demographic questions, the Self Nurturance Survey, the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire, Prime Screen, and questions about financial strain, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. The sample included 136 women (survey response rate = 57%), the majority of whom were white (94.9%), married (80.1%), did not smoke (80.1%) and rarely drank alcohol (57.4%). Results indicated that study participants were very knowledgeable about CVRFs. (Mean knowledge score = 19.53, possible range = 0 to 25 with higher scores indicating greater knowledge). Knowledge did not predict physical activity (p = .07), diet (p = .08) or smoking status (p = .11) in this sample. Self-nurturance was moderately correlated (r = .33) with consuming a heart-healthy diet. Hypotheses derived from the Nemcek Wellness Model were not supported in this study. More research is needed to identify factors that will help women translate knowledge into heart-healthy behaviors.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemical Pathology) --University of Limpopo, 2013
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among one of the well documented conditions and pose a significant health burden in the world as they areconsidered to be of adult onset. However, recent studies have shown that in developed countries CVD risk factors are becoming prevalent in young people which isof great concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if CVD risk factors are present in young subjects aged 15-20 years of age residing in a rural area of a developing country. Methods: Subjects aged between 15-20 years who participated in the “Gene - Environment interaction project” were included in this sub-study. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, insulin, glucose, creatinine, Lp(a), apoB, apoA-1 and hs-CRPwere determined. Blood pressure, physical activity (number of steps/day), weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were obtained from the database. Subjects with CRP levels above 10mg/L and creatinine levels above 130 mmol/L were excluded. Results: The present study showed an overall high prevalence of some CVD risk factors. There was high prevalence of insulin resistance (23.0% in females and 34.7% in males), and high hs-CRP (18.4% in females, 12.9% in males). The prevalence of low HDL-C levels was high (55.2% in females and 16.8 % in males), however, the prevalence of abnormal levels of other lipids such as total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was low in both males and females. The prevalence of an increased apoB/apoA ratio was significantly higher in females 26.4% compared to males 7.9%. The prevalence of overweight (12.6%) and obesity (9.2%) was higher in females than in males (overweight 1%, obesity 0 %). The prevalence of hypertension was comparable between the two genders (5.7% in females and 10.9 % in males). Conclusion: The results showed a relatively high prevalence of non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents residing in a rural area, Limpopo Province, while the prevalence of traditional risk factors such as total cholesterol and triglycerides was low.