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Статті в журналах з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
1
Shaukatovna, Ismatova Marguba. "PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CIRCULATORY DISEASES IN OLD AGE." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue03-11.
Анотація:
The heart is a biological pump that moves blood through a closed system of vessels, pumping about 6 litres of blood every minute. Age-related changes in the circulatory system in old age severely limit its adaptive capacity and create conditions for developing diseases. In old and old people, the number of active capillaries per unit area is significantly reduced. Tissues and organs cease to receive the nutrients and oxygen they need, leading to starvation and disease. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in humans.
2
Kulmane, Edite, Mara Pilmane, and Romans Lacis. "Apoptosis, ANUP, Chromogranin A, PGP 9.5, Endothelins and VEGF in Acquired Heart Diseases: Review of Literature." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chilat-2016-0012.
Анотація:
Summary According to the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia data, in 2014 16076 latvians died from cardiovascular diseases and it is 57,03% of all deaths. Changes in myocardium of the diseased hearts are complex and pathogenesis is still not fully clear. Morphopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are complex molecular cell changes which include apoptosis, homeostasis regulating factors, and innervation and ischemia markers. In this article we wanted to provide an overview about apoptosis, atrial natriuretic peptide, chromogranin A, neuropeptide-containing innervation, endothelins and vascular endothelial growth factor in pathomorphology of acquired heart diseases and their clinical implications.
3
Asthana, Alok Kumar, Monika Asthana, and Payal Sharma. "PREVENTION OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE THROUGH AYURVEDA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i4.379.
Анотація:
In today's era non communicable diseases are most prevalent diseases. They are also known as chronic diseases. Cardiovascular disease (heart disease) or Hridaroga is one of them. This is a lifestyle disorder and that’s why we should always focus on a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of this lethal disease. Our various bad food habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major causes for heart disease. This article will provide all of us a brief knowledge of heart disease (hridaroga). One has correctly said “Prevention is better than cure”. So, this article will mainly focus on how we can prevent heart disease through ayurveda. Ayurveda is the best pathy to prevent lifestyle disorder. Here we will see various yoga asanas, various dietary habits, lifestyle modifications we can do to prevent the disease.
Keywords: Hridaroga, hridashoola, CVD
4
Matuz-Mares, Deyamira, Héctor Riveros-Rosas, María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros, and Héctor Vázquez-Meza. "Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081220.
Анотація:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.
5
Haque, KMHS Sirajul. "Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Diseases in Bangladesh." Cardiovascular Journal 11, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v11i2.40407.
6
Ermakova, M. A., and A. Yu Pinigina. "Genetic studies in multifactorial diseases." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2212-06.
Анотація:
This article is devoted to the role of gene mutations in the development of multifactorial diseases such as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cancer, as well as to genotyping in optimizing the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of various pathologies in children and young people.
7
Sirota, N. A., O. V. Sivakova, and V. M. Yaltonsky. "Dynamics of Risk Factors of Heart Diseases Under Influence of Remote Medical-Psychological Consulting." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, no. 3 (2019): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270311.
Анотація:
The problem of preventive treatment of people displaying risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (RF CVD) is extremely important. At the same time, despite the proven high efficacy of prevention of CVD, the compliance is still low. In this regard, it is important to develop new approaches to control and improve the profile of RF CVD. The article presents the results of the application of innovative methods of medical and psychological counseling. This methodology combines the most important achievements of three major developing areas of work with the patient: 1) medical psychology (using the methods of motivational counseling, coping prevention, etc.); 2) therapy and cardiology; 3) the use of modern remote digital technologies. The results of the study show the effectiveness of the method of remote medical and psychological counseling to monitor and improve the profile of RF CVD.
8
Lüscher, Thomas F. "Prevention of non-communicable diseases and special causes of heart failure." European Heart Journal 36, no. 31 (August 14, 2015): 2019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv303.
9
Passarella, G., G. Trifirò, M. Gasparetto, G. Svaluto Moreolo, and O. Milanesi. "Disorders in Glucidic Metabolism and Congenital Heart Diseases: Detection and Prevention." Pediatric Cardiology 34, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0577-0.
10
Stewart, Bernard W., and Alan S. Coates. "Cancer Prevention: A Global Perspective." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2005): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.05.132.
Анотація:
This review will be restricted to measures aimed at primary prevention of cancer; reduction of the death rate through screening will not be covered. In many instances, cancer prevention is just one outcome of the benefits of good health practices, which may also benefit cardiovascular, lung, infectious, and metabolic diseases. Thus, reducing tobacco smoking will bring benefits in heart disease, neonatal and maternal health, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease as well as a variety of cancers, while dietary advice appropriate to cancer risk reduction will bring benefits in diabetes, stroke, kidney, and heart disease.
Дисертації з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
1
Neubeck, Alicia Helen. "Increasing access to secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27329.
Анотація:
Background: Access to secondary prevention remains disconcertingly low despite proven
benefits. The objectives of this thesis were: to evaluate telehealth models of secondary
prevention; to determine barriers to participation in secondary prevention; to evaluate the
long-term outcomes of a previously proven telehealth model, CHOICE (Choice of Health
Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events); to determine the replicability and
generalisability of CHOICE; and to determine future directions for delivery of secondary
prevention.
Methods: Mixed methods were utilised to achieve the objectives of this thesis. To
evaluate telehealth models, a systematic review and meta-analysis process was followed.
To determine the barriers to participation in secondary prevention, a systematic review and
meta-synthesis process was followed; to evaluate the long-term outcomes of CHOICE,
patients who had participated in the original single centre trial had a repeat assessment at
four-years after their baseline assessment; to determine the replicability and generalisability
of CHOICE, a multi-centre replication trial involving 270 participants was conducted; and
to determine future directions for delivery of SP, both quantitative and qualitative methods,
including survey and focus groups, were undertaken.
Results: Telehealth based models of secondary prevention can improve access, reduce risk
factors and improve quality of life in patients who do not participate in facility-based
secondary prevention programs. While there are a number of barriers to participation in
facility-based secondary prevention, some of which are potentially modifiable, it was clear
from our review that a one-size fits all approach will not be suitable and telehealth models
can provide additional options for access to secondary prevention. Results of the long-term
follow-up of the single centre trial demonstrated that at four years participants in CHOICE had maintained the significant improvements that they had made at one year. In the current
replication study results showed that participants were at lower baseline risk than in the
previous single-centre study, but still made improvements in multiple cardiovascular risk
factors. Finally, we determined that an Internet-based model of secondary prevention
would suit some, but not all, patients with cardiovascular disease and may provide an
additional option for patients not accessing facility-based programs
Conclusion: There are multiple barriers to the uptake of secondary prevention and
telehealth models can offer an evidence-based alternative to patients who do not access
facility-based programs. The CHOICE program is a flexible telehealth model that provides
long-term behaviour change and is readily translated into multiple clinical settings. Future
work could focus on utilising new technology to increase uptake to proven secondary
prevention models such as CHOICE.
2
李雯靜 and Man-ching Anney Lee. "Effects of the disease management programme with nurse-led heart failure clinic." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721036.
3
Masoud, Mohamed Abdulsalam. "Validation of a recently proposed equation for the estimation of small, dense LDL particles from routine lipid measures in a population of mixed ancestry South Africans." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2490.
Анотація:
Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, of which over 75% occurred in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The lipid profile, specifically decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglyceride levels and the presence of small-dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been reported associated with CVD. An increased number of sdLDL is also common in metabolic syndrome (MetS), visceral obesity and diabetes mellitus, the last a known risk factor for CVD. The modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) size, or number of sdLDL particles, has been reported to significantly reduce CVD risk, but not conclusively so and needs further investigation. In this regard, sdLDL particles are seldom estimated routinely for clinical use because of financial and other limitations. Currently, an alternative approach for estimating sdLDL is to use equations derived from routine lipid measures, as has been proposed by several groups. However, there is a need for extensive evaluation of this equation across different ethnic and disease groups, especially since reports showed an inadequate performance of the equation in a Korean population. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a recently proposed equation for the estimation of sdLDL in healthy and diabetic mixed ancestry South Africans. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of sdLDL as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as measured against known risk factors such as the glycemic and lipid profiles.
4
Aachi, Venkat Raghav. "Preliminary Characterization of Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel (MitoKATP) Activity in Mouse Heart Mitochondria." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1667.
Анотація:
Myocardial ischemia, infarction, heart failure and arrhythmias are the manifestations of coronary artery disease. Reduction of ischemic damage is a major concern of cardiovascular biology research. As per recent studies, the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) opening is believed to play key role in the physiology of cardioprotection, protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury or apoptosis. However, the structural information of mitoKATP is not precisely known. Elucidating the structural integrity and functioning of the mitoKATP is therefore a major goal of cardiovascular biology research. The known structure and function of the cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (cellKATP) is functional in interpreting the structural and functional properties of mitoKATP.
The primary goal of my research was to characterize the activity of mitoKATP in the isolated mitochondria from the control mouse heart. The mitoKATP activity, if preliminarily characterized in the control strains through the light scattering technique, then the structure of the channel could possibly be established and analyzed by means of the transgenic model and with the help of immunological techniques such as western blotting and immunoflorescence.
With this experimental model it was possible to demonstrate that the mitoKATP activity in control mouse heart mitochondria is activated by potassium channel openers (KCOs) such as diazoxide and cromakalim and activators of mitoKATP such as PMA (phorbol12 myristate-13-acetate), and inhibited by KATP inhibitors such as glibenc1amide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5 HD).
It was evident that the KATP activity in mouse heart mitochondria was comparable to that exhibited by the rat heart mitochondria. The various selective and non-selective activators and inhibitors of the channel elicited their activity at a similar concentration used for the rat heart mitochondria. The results were reproducible in five independent experiments for each combination, further reinforcing the significance of existing channel activity in the mouse heart mitochondria.
5
Purdum, Michael B. "The Effects of Positive Emotion, Negative Emotion, Flourishing, and Languishing on Cardiovascular Risk." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30503/.
Анотація:
Positive psychology has led a movement that concentrates on positive characteristics. The current study examined the relationship between positive emotions, negative emotions, flourishing, languishing, and cardiovascular functioning. The study uses guided imagery to help participants recall a negative emotional event and positive emotional event in a counterbalanced order. The reverse order allowed us to examine the differential contributions of stress buffering versus facilitated recovery effects to higher levels of heart rate variability (HRV). The study also examined the relationship between mental health categories and known cardiovascular disease risk. Univariate analysis of variance revealed that positive emotions can serve as a stress buffer and dampen cardiovascular responses to a negative event. Also, analysis revealed a trend for the prediction that positive emotions can facilitate cardiovascular recovery following a negative event. Exploratory analysis did not reveal differences between a facilitated recovery group and a buffering group for cardiovascular measures. Future studies should include tighter control to help compare the differential influences of stress facilitation and stress buffering on cardiovascular functioning. The results from the study indicate that it is still too early to tell whether mental health buffers those individuals from developing CVD, and to answer whether languishing increases the risk of CVD. Longitudinal studies of young individuals without a prior history of any risk of CVD and who are flourishing or languishing might help provide answers to these questions.
6
Green, Kerrie L. "A descriptive analysis of cardiac rehabilitation education programs." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177976.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research was to obtain information on the content of education within cardiac rehabilitation programs, methods of administering education, what the barriers are to providing education and which professionals administer education.To reach this goal, a questionnaire was modified from a previous study and a pilot study was undertaken to establish reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was then sent to a sample of 100 directors of cardiac rehabilitation programs belonging to The American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR). The questionnaire focused on 13 established areas of education within cardiac rehabilitation programs.Once the questionnaires were completed, the information was transferred to a table format based upon the 13 content areas. The following conclusions were drawn from the research and the data gathered: 11 of the 13 content areas are offered at least 84% of the time, the major barriers for the 13 content areas were lack of time and lack of interest on the patient's behalf, the most frequent methods of education for all 13 content areas were individual education, print materials, and group education, and the primary educator overall for all 13 content areas was the nurse followed by the exercise physiologist and dietitian/nutritionist.Department of Physiology and Health Science
7
Strath, Scott J. "The effect of a light-moderate versus hard exercise intensity on health and fitness benefits." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115726.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a light-moderate versus hard exercise intensity on health and fitness benefits in a previously sedentary population. Twenty-six subjects, 17 male (mean age 45 + 3 yrs), 9 female (mean age 48 + 3 yrs) with at least one coronary artery disease risk factor volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing comprising of, resting heart rate and blood pressure, body composition, blood lipid analysis and aerobic capacity (V02 ), prior to and 22-32 weeks after participating > 2 days per week in the Adult Physical Fitness Program (APFP) at Ball State University. After an initial exercise prescription subjects self selected an exercise intensity between 40-80% of their maximal heart rate range (MHRR) at which to train. Subjects were then grouped into those who trained at < 60% (light-moderate) and those who trained at > 60% (hard) of their MHRR.Those that self selected a hard training intensity did show a significantly greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure than the light-moderate intensity group. Subjects received a main training effect with a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (123 ± 2.8 to 119 ± 2.4 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (78 ± 2.2 to 75 ± 1.7 mmHg), and mean increases for HDL-cholesterol (49 ± 2.5 to 53 ± 2.8 mg/dL), absolute functional capacity (2.676 +.162 to 2.843 +.169 L/min) and relative functional capacity (30.2 ± 1.5 to 32.8 + 1.8 ml/kg/min). In conclusion this study demonstrated health and fitness benefits when training at least 2 days per week with greater effects when training at a hard versus light-moderate intensity with regards to diastolic blood pressure.School of Physical Education
8
Bursill, Christina. "Green tea and its catechins modulate cholesterol metabolism in cultured human liver (HepG2) cells and the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pdb9725.pdf.
Анотація:
Includes bibliographical references (21 leaves). Previous studies have found that green tea and its antitoxidant constituents, the catechins, are hypocholesterolaemic in both epidemiological and animal intervetion studies. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the mechanism by which green tea and its most abundant catechin constituent epigallocatechin gallate increase the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor of HepG2 cells. In addition, it was hoped to determine if a crude catechin extract from green tea could lower plasma cholesterol levels in the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit and ascertain if this effect was due to an increase in the LDL receptor. The study provides evidence that green tea and its catechins exhibit hypocholesterolaemic properties and may therefore provide protection against heart disease.
9
George, Siddiqah. "A critical analysis of mitochondrial functioning and associated proteins in obesity-related cardiomyopathy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80377.
Анотація:
Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The mechanism behind obesity-related cardiomyopathies is at present not completely known, however, cardiac insulin resistance has been implicated as one of the main arbitrators of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A few studies have associated perturbations in the insulin-mediated PI3K/PKB/Akt pathway in mediating this insulin resistance. Moreover, this pathway has been shown to regulate myocardial apoptosis, which in turn has been implicated in a number of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, few studies have compared the early onset and advanced effects of obesity on the heart. AIMS: To compare the early and advanced stages of obesity in terms of myocardial (i) PI3K/PKB/Akt signalling, (ii) apoptotic signalling and (iii) mitochondrial integrity. Furthermore, we aim to assess the cardiac mitochondrial (i) PI3K/PKB/Akt signalling, (ii) apoptotic signalling and (iii) integrity during the advanced stages of obesity. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a control or diet-induced obesity (DIO) group. Controls were fed a standard rat chow diet and the DIO group fed a high caloric diet (standard rat chow supplemented with sucrose and condensed milk). The diets were implemented for either 8 or 20 weeks and thereafter, the body weight, intra-peritoneal fat mass, and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels (including intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs)) were determined. Freeze-clamped hearts from both groups were subjected to cytosolic western blot analysis for PI3K p85 subunit, PKB/Akt, GSK-3α/β, Bad, Bax and Bcl-2. A fraction of each heart was also subjected to WB analysis of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (I-V). Thereafter, the above mentioned proteins were also probed for in mitochondria isolated from the 20 weeks group after administering insulin and exposing the hearts to ischemia. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity analysis was then conducted on mitochondria isolated from 20 weeks DIO and control groups and thereafter a citrate synthase (CS) activity assay was performed on these mitochondria. RESULTS: After the 8 and 20 weeks diet, the DIOs had significantly increased intra-peritoneal fat mass, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, compared to their controls. Cytosolic WB analysis: The tp85, pp85 and pPKB/Akt levels were significantly higher in the DIOs in comparison to the controls after 8 weeks of diet. Furthermore, pBad and Bax expression were significantly elevated in these animals. After 20 weeks of diet, the DIOs had significantly decreased pp85, tPKB/Akt and pPKB/Akt levels. The tBad was significantly elevated, while the Bad phosphorylated over total expression (P/T) ratio was significantly decreased, in these animals. CS activity assay: CS activity was significantly decreased in the DIOs, versus the controls, at 20 weeks. Mitochondrial ETC WB analysis: The subunit expression in complexes I-III and V did not differ significantly after 8 weeks however, the expression was significantly lower in complexes I and II after 20 weeks. Interestingly, the complexes III and V expression was significantly elevated. Mitochondrial OXPHOS analysis: The ADP/O ratio with (1) glutamate or (2) palmitoyl-L- carnitine as substrate, showed a significant decrease in the DIOs at 20 weeks. Mitochondrial WB analysis: The pp85 subunit was significantly elevated in the control and DIO groups, exposed to insulin and ischemia, in comparison to the untreated controls. The Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased in the insulin and ischemia DIOs, when matched against the untreated DIOs. The tBad expression did not differ significantly between the insulin and untreated controls, while the tBad was significantly augmented in the ischemia controls versus untreated controls. All significant differences were taken as p<0.05. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the initial stage of diet-induced obesity is associated with cardioprotection as there is augmented PI3K/PKB/Akt pathway signalling and a decrease in apoptotic markers. In contrast, during the advanced stages of obesity a decreased activity in PI3K/PKB/Akt pathway is associated with myocardial apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial function and integrity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Die meganisme verantwoordelik vir vetsug-verwante kardiomiopatieë is huidiglik nie bekend nie maar kardiale insulienweerstandigheid word geïmpliseer as een van die hoof bemiddelaars van vetsug-verwante hartsiektes. Verskeie studies het versteurings in die insulien-gemediëerde PI3K/PKB/Akt pad geassosieer met die bevordering van hierdie insulienweerstandigheid. Daarbenewens is dit getoon dat hierdie pad betrokke is in die regulering van miokardiale apoptose, wat op sy beurt geïmpliseer is in 'n aantal kardiovaskulêre siektes. Daar is tans min studies beskikbaar wat die vroeë en laat gevolge van obesiteit op die hart vergelyk. DOELWITTE: Om die vroeë en gevorderde stadiums van vetsug te vergelyk in terme van miokardiale (i) PI3K/PKB/Akt seintransduksie, (ii) apoptotiese seintransduksie en (iii) mitokondriale integriteit. Verder, het die studie ten doel om die kardiale mitokondriale (i) PI3K/PKB/Akt en (ii) apoptotiese seintransduksie en (iii) integriteit in die gevorderde stadiums van vetsug te bepaal. METODES: Manlike Wistar rotte is ewekansig toegewys aan óf 'n kontrole of dieet-geïnduseerde vetsug (DIO) groep. Kontroles is met 'n normale rotkos dieet en die DIO groep met 'n hoë kalorie dieet (normale rotkos aangevul met sukrose en kondensmelk) gevoed. Die dieet is vir 8 of 20 weke volgehou en daarna was die liggaamsgewig, intra-peritoneale vet massa, en vastende bloed glukose en insulien vlakke (insluitende intra-peritoneale glukose toleransie toets (IPGTT`s)) bepaal. Gevriesklampte harte van beide groepe is onderwerp aan sitosoliese WB-analise vir die PI3K p85 subeenheid, PKB / Akt, GSK-3α/β, Bad, Bax en Bcl-2. `n Fraksie van hierdie harte is ook onderwerp aan westerse klad analise (WK-analise) van die mitokondriale elektron vervoer ketting (EVK) komplekse (I-V). Daarna is bogenoemde proteïene ondersoek in mitokondrieë geïsoleer uit die 20 weke groep ná die toediening van insulien en die blootstelling van die harte aan iskemie. Die oksigraaf mitokondriale oksidatiewe fosforilering (OXPHOS) kapasiteit analise is dan op mitokondrieë van 20 weke DIO en kontrole groepe uitgevoer en daarna is 'n sitraatsintase (SS) aktiwiteitstoets gedoen. RESULTATE: Na die 8 en 20 weke dieet, het die intra-peritoneale vet massa, vastende plasma glukose en insulien vlakke in die DIOs aansienlik toegeneem, in vergelyking met hul kontroles. Sitosoliese WK-analise: Die tp85, pp85 en pPKB/Akt vlakke was beduidend hoër in die DIOs in vergelyking met die kontroles, na 8 weke van die dieet. Verder is die pBad en Bax vlakke beduidend verhoog in hierdie diere. Na 20 weke van die dieet, het die pp85, tPKB/Akt en pPKB/Akt vlakke beduidend afgeneem in die DIOs, in vergelyking met die kontroles. Die tBad was beduidend verhoog, terwyl die Bad verhouding van gefosforileerde oor die totale proteïen uitdrukking (P/T)-verhouding) beduidend verminder het in hierdie diere. SS aktiwiteitstoets: SS aktiwiteit is beduidend verminder in die DIOs, teenoor die kontroles, op 20 weke. Mitokondriale EVK WK-analise: Die subeenheid uitdrukking in komplekse I-III en V was nie beduidend verskillend na 8 weke nie. Na 20 weke egter, was die uitdrukking aansienlik laer in komplekse I en II. Interessant genoeg, is die uitdrukking aansienlik verhoog in komplekse III en V. Mitokondriale OXPHOS analise: Die ADP/O verhouding met (1) glutamaat of (2) palmitiel-L-karnitien as substraat, het beduidend afgeneem in die DIOs teen 20 weke. Mitokondriale WK-analise: Die pp85 subeenheid was beduidend verhoog in die kontrole en DIO groepe, blootgestel aan insulien en iskemie, in vergelyking met die onbehandelde kontroles. Die Bcl-2 vlakke was beduidend verminder in die insulien en isgemie DIOs, in vergelyking met onbehandelde DIOs. Die tBad uitdrukking het nie beduidend verskil tussen die insulien en onbehandelde kontroles nie, terwyl die tBad beduidend verhoog was in die isgemie kontroles versus onbehandelde kontroles. Alle beduidende verskille is geneem as p<0.05. GEVOLGTREKKING: Die resultate dui daarop dat die eerste fase van dieet-geïnduseerde obesiteit geassosieer is met kardiale beskerming want `n toename in PI3K/PKB/Akt seintransduksie en 'n afname in apoptotiese merkers is waargeneem. In teenstelling, in die gevorderde stadium van vetsug is daar 'n afname in aktiwiteit in die PI3K/PKB/Akt pad wat verband hou met verhoogde miokardiale apoptose en verminderde mitokondriale funksie en integriteit.
10
Konicki, Annette Jakubisin. "Women’s Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Level of Self-Nurturance and Participation in Heart-Healthy Behaviors: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/11.
Анотація:
The number one killer of women in the United States is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) include advancing age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family history, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and high intake of saturated fats and low dietary fiber. A women’s risk for development of CVD dramatically increases after menopause and with the number of CVRFs. CVD is often preventable. Evidence supports addressing CVRFs reduction early (in the pre-menopausal years) through heart-healthy behaviors such as increasing physical activity, promoting healthy eating, moderate alcohol consumption and not smoking. Therefore, understanding premenopausal women’s CVRFs knowledge is an important area of inquiry. In addition, the Nemcek Wellness Model suggests that self-nurturance, as well as knowledge, may be an important factor for explaining women’s wellness behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of CVRFs, level of self-nurturance and the performance of heart-healthy behaviors in women ages 35 to 55 years.
This study used a cross sectional survey design and venue sampling. The survey included demographic questions, the Self Nurturance Survey, the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire, Prime Screen, and questions about financial strain, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. The sample included 136 women (survey response rate = 57%), the majority of whom were white (94.9%), married (80.1%), did not smoke (80.1%) and rarely drank alcohol (57.4%).
Results indicated that study participants were very knowledgeable about CVRFs. (Mean knowledge score = 19.53, possible range = 0 to 25 with higher scores indicating greater knowledge). Knowledge did not predict physical activity (p = .07), diet (p = .08) or smoking status (p = .11) in this sample. Self-nurturance was moderately correlated (r = .33) with consuming a heart-healthy diet. Hypotheses derived from the Nemcek Wellness Model were not supported in this study. More research is needed to identify factors that will help women translate knowledge into heart-healthy behaviors.
Книги з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
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C, Catford J., Cleeman J. I, and Royal Society of Medicine (Great Britain), eds. Primary health care and CHD prevention. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1991.
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Jackson, Gordon. The healthy heart. London: Salamander, 1986.
3
Nora, James J. Cardiovascular diseases: Genetics, epidemiology, and prevention. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
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Graham, Jackson. Heart health. 4th ed. London: Class Health, 2009.
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Saxena, Shikha. Phytochemicals and heart diseases: Causation and prevention. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 2011.
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B, Clayman Charles, and American Medical Association, eds. Your heart. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest Association, 1989.
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Baum, Seth J. The total guide to a healthy heart: Integrative strategies for preventing and reversing heart disease. New York: Kensington, 1999.
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Ontario. Chief Medical Officer of Health. Promoting heart health. [Toronto, Ont: The Ministry, 1993.
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Zaret, Barry L. Heart care for life: Developing the program that works best for you. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
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Baum, Seth J. The total guide to a healthy heart. New York: Kensington, 2000.
Частини книг з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
1
de Melo Barbosa, Marcia, Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes, and Regina Müller. "Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Neglected Heart Disease." In Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, 143–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22357-5_15.
2
Puddu, P., and M. Muscari. "Therapy versus prevention of coronary heart disease." In Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases, 163–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3205-0_20.
3
Ilkhanoff, Leonard, Alan H. Kadish, and Jason T. Jacobson. "Non-antiarrhythmic Drugs in Sudden Death Prevention." In Electrical Diseases of the Heart, 525–41. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_34.
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Tung, Patricia, and Peter J. Zimetbaum. "Non-surgical Treatment and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation." In Electrical Diseases of the Heart, 543–59. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_35.
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Kosinski, Andrzej S. "Clinical Trials in Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention: Principles and Endpoints." In Electrical Diseases of the Heart, 487–93. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_31.
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Mastorci, Francesca, Irene Traghella, Laura Sabatino, Alessandro Pingitore, Rudina Ndreu, and Cristina Vassalle. "Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention in Children and Adolescents." In Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases, 3–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8273-4_1.
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Lee, Hon-Chi, and Kristin T. L. Huang. "Clinical Role of Antiarrhythmic Drugs in the Prevention of Sudden Death." In Electrical Diseases of the Heart, 501–24. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_33.
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Nof, Eyal, Michael Glikson, David Luria, Joseph Gard, and Paul A. Friedman. "Beyond Sudden Death Prevention: Minimizing ICD Shocks and Morbidity, and Optimizing Efficacy." In Electrical Diseases of the Heart, 621–47. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_40.
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Miller, Henry S. "Exercise for Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease." In Exercise for Preventing Common Diseases, 69–73. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68511-1_9.
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Epstein, F. H. "Prevention of coronary heart disease - links with other chronic disorders." In Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases, 157–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3205-0_19.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
1
Barbey, Alex, and Frano Mika. "Prevention of Heart Attacks and Other Cardiovascular Diseases in the Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168311-ms.
2
Mesihović-Dinarević, Senka. "UPDATE IN DIAGNOSTICS CARDIOLOGY." In International Scientific Symposium “Diagnostics in Cardiology and Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH)”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.199.02.
Анотація:
Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Cardiovascular imaging indices have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. Advanced imaging technologies have dramatically improved our ability to detect and treat cardiovascular disease at an early stage. Multimodality imaging techniques - echocardiogram, cardiac computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, simulation 3D models, artificial intelligence - are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts an unprecedented global impact on public health and health care delivery. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) causing COVID-19 has reached pandemic levels since March 2020. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established CVD represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19, and have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with myocardial damage and cardiac arrhythmia. Diagnostic workup during SARS infection revealed electrocardiographic changes, sub-clinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic impairment and troponin elevation. All professionals in cardiovascular medicine, as a part of lifelong learning process, have the continuous imperative in reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat all patients according to best practices and evidence-based medicine, especially on this journey through corona pandemic.
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Poniewierski, M., M. Barthels, and H. Poliwoda. "THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (FRAGMIN) IN THE PREVENTION OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN MEDICAL PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643224.
Анотація:
The safety and efficacy of 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165, Fragmin) subcutaneously once a day, and 5000 IU of standard unfractionated Heparin (KabiVitrum, Stockholm) subcutaneously twice daily as thromboprophylaxis was compared in 200 medical patients in a randomized double blind trial. According to the risk of DVT the patients were stratified before randomization in a high and low risk group. The high risk group consisted of 100 patients mainly with malignant diseases and/or previous history of thromboembolism, the low risk group of 100 patients with mainly myocardial infarction and/or coronary heart disease. The prophylaxis was given for seven to ten days. In 192 consecutive patients the clinical status and thermographic screening for DVT (leg temperature profiles, DeVeTherm) were daily evaluated. In two cases of suspected DVT and one case of suspected PE, the following phlebography or pulmonary scintigraphy were found to be negative. In the high risk group, one patient treated with Fragmin having a central venous catheter developed on day 10 symptoms of an arm vein thrombosis. There were no bleeding complications observed in either of the two treatment groups. Two patients with trombocytopenia (25.000 and 22.000/pl) due to chemotherapy and underlying malignant disease were successfully treated with Fragmin without developing any bleeding complications. In eight patients during Fragmin prophylaxis invasive diagnostic methods as heart catheterization, gastroscopy, bronchoscopy or spinal puncture were performed without noticing any bleeding events. 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of Fragmin gave plasma levels by anti-Factor Xa assay (S-2222, Kabi) of mean 0,1 U/ml when blood was sampled three to four hours after the subcutaneus application. There was no accumulation during the treatment periode observed.This study suggests that 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of Fragmin once daily is as safe and effective as 5000 IU of standard heparin twice daily in these medical patients. Especially in patients who need prophylaxis for a long time eg. with malignant disease, the once daily injection is welcomed.
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A Concept, Life-Style:. "Tailoring Motivational Mechanisms to Engage Teenagers in Healthy." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100499.
Анотація:
Overweight and obesity are the first leading risk related to nutrition for global deaths, in the last few years it outranked the famine. Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Due to the many health risks associated with obesity, the financial burden that the treatment of this disease exercises on the European healthcare system is enormous. For this reason, the best strategy relies in prevention. In particular, the pervasiveness of technology can leverage an important advantage for the promotion of healthy behaviors in the new generations. This paper introduces PEGASO, a technological multidisciplinary project funded by the European Commission that aims at creating an ecosystem that can enable teenagers to adopt healthy habits leading to a healthy life-style. The ICT system plays an important role in the PEGASO ecosystem. This behavior change support system integrates a Virtual Individual Model that allows characterizing the physiological status, physical condition and the psychological status for each user. This allows the elaboration of tailored interventions aiming at promoting the adoption of healthy habits by the users. This paper describes this concept introducing the Virtual Individual Model and discusses the possible interventions related to the promotion of physical exercise and of healthy dietary habits. At the end of the paper, some indications about the future development of the PEGASO project are provided.
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Babalola, R. O., O. A. Fagade, and P. A. AJAYI. "Heart Disease Prevention In The Workplace: A Case Study." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/61022-ms.
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C., Sujatha, and Anitha R. "Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke in Cardiovascular Diabetics." In International Conference on Computer Applications — Computer Applications - I. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7618-0_1464.
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"Modernising Morbidity and Mortality: Features of Cardiovascular Diseases of the Population of the RSFSR in 1960s." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-1.
Анотація:
The article uses archival and published data to study the features of a type of morbidity and mortality of the Russian population observed in the 1960s. The spread of cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, was noted in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The main reasons for the occurrence of these diseases were considered. Studies conducted in the 1960s showed a high level of disability in patients with such diseases. It was emphasized that cardiovascular diseases gave the highest mortality rates, especially in the urban population. In cities, as well as in the RSFSR as a whole, cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them were common in both men and women (middle-aged and elderly). At the same time, mortality from these diseases was also recorded in groups of young able-bodied people. It was shown that the new type of morbidity and mortality of the population caused the need to focus on health values in the country, improve environmental conditions, transform the work of medical and preventive institutions, and change the lifestyle of the population.
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Holm, Jukka, Reijo Laaksonen, Paul Dendale, Cindel Bonneux, and Martijn Scherrenberg. "Creating Audio-Visual Content for a Personalized Prevention Programme in Coronary Heart Disease." In 2022 26th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv56949.2022.00070.
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Al-Salamah, Mashail, and Saad Amin. "Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Reconstructive Radial Basis Function Networks with Overlapping Prevention Method." In 5th EAI International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare - "Transforming healthcare through innovations in mobile and wireless technologies". ICST, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-10-2015.2261993.
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Asmare, Melkamu, Frehiwot Woldehanna, Luc Janssens, and Bart Vanrumste. "Automated Rheumatic Heart Disease Detection from Phonocardiogram in Cardiology Ward." In Special Session on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Improve Preventive and Personalized Healthcare. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009367108390844.
Звіти організацій з теми "Heart Diseases Prevention":
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FEDOTKINA, S. A., O. V. MUZALEVA, and E. V. KHUGAEVA. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/978-0-615-67320-2-4-22.
Анотація:
Introduction. The economic losses associated with disability due to diseases of the circulatory system, as well as the costs of providing medical care to patients suffering from heart and vascular diseases, are increasing annually. The state preventive measures currently being carried out are of a delayed nature. The results of the medical examination of the population of the Russian Federation in recent years (2015-2019) indicate that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, is at a fairly high level. In the middle of the last century, the Concept of risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases were formulated, in the structure of which cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, occupies one of the primary positions. The concept is based on the results of promising epidemiological studies, and, at present, is a methodological basis for planning and organizing primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study. Based on the analysis of literary sources (including foreign ones) containing experience in the use of telemedicine technologies, to assess their significance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, as well as forecasting improvements in the quality of medical care when adapting to the use of clinical recommendations. Materials and methods. The article provides an analytical review of the use of modern telemedicine technologies in the prevention of hypertension. The results of the study and their discussion. The analysis of literary sources has shown that in the context of the progress of information and telecommunication technologies in the healthcare system, a fundamentally new direction has appeared in the organization and provision of medical care to the population - telemedicine, which will ensure the modern level of prevention, detection and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, and also determines positive medical, social and economic performance indicators. To date, updates in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation are aimed at ensuring that medical care with the use of telemedicine technologies is more widespread, taking into account the standards of medical care and clinical recommendations. Conclusion. Based on a review of literature sources, it has been established that the modern solution to the problem of improving the quality of medical care for patients, including those with hypertension, diseases is medical care using telemedicine technologies that prove their medical, social and economic effectiveness.
2
AlBakri, Aref, Auswaf Ahsan, Manoj Vengal, KR Ashir, Abdul Majeed, and Hanan Siddiq. Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Invasive Dental Procedures for Patients at High-Risk of Infective Endocarditis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0011.
Анотація:
Review question / Objective: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether there is a genuine clinical need for Antibiotic Prophylaxis(AP) for the prevention of Infective Endocarditis(IE) in high-risk individuals (particularly those with demonstrable structural heart diseases or valve surgery) undergoing invasive dental procedures. Information sources: PubMed, Science Direct, British Dental Journal and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Search terms used included various combinations of the following subject headings and title or abstract keywords – prophylactic antibiotics, antibiotic prophylaxis, antimicrobial, dentist, extraction, implant, infective endocarditis, or bacterial endocarditis.
3
Liu, Mengnan, Raoqiong Wang, Ziyi Li, Maryam Mazhar, Gang Luo, and Sijin Yang. Danshen decoction in the treatment of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0107.
Анотація:
Review question / Objective: HF (heart failure) is considered to be the clinical endpoint and the leading cause of death of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). With people's growing desire for a healthy and better life, TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of HF is becoming more popular. The basic and clinical research related to TCM has also been widely concerned by the cardiovascular community of scientists/clinicians. In recent years, a large number of preclinical (in vivo/in vitro) experiments and clinical observation studies have proved the therapeutic efficacy of Danshen decoction in the treatment of HF. However, systematic evaluation and review of the clinical treatment of Danshen decoction is insufficient, leaving objective and quantitative evaluation indicators of Danshen decoction to be inadequate. Therefore, evidence-based studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety.
4
Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.
Анотація:
Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Wei, Dongmei, Yang Sun, and Hankang Hen. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0080.
Анотація:
Review question / Objective: Can Baduanjin exercise improve the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary artery surgery? Condition being studied: Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is the single most common cause of death globally, with 7.4 million deaths in 2013, accounting for one-third of all deaths (WHO 2014). PCI has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in patients with CHD. During follow-up, it has been shown that the benefits of PCI can be offset by the significant risks of coronary spasm, endothelial cell injury, recurrent ischemia, and even restenosis or thrombus. Numerous guidelines endorse the necessity for cardiac rehabilitation (CR), which is recommended for patients with chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndrome and for patients following PCI. Baduanjin have been widely practised in China for centuries, and as they are considered to be low risk interventions, their use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is now becoming more widespread. The ability of Baduanjin to promote clinically meaningful influences in patients with CHD after PCI, however, still remains unclear.
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Xie, Bo, Xiaojiao Cui, Hao Wang, Fuqiang Liu, Fang Qin, Jun Zhang, and Xiaoqing Yi. Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury by probucol combined with hydration in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0157.
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Gindi, Renee. Health, United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100685.
Анотація:
Health, United States, 2019 is the 43rd report on the health status of the nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Health, United States series presents an annual overview of national trends in key health indicators. The 2019 report presents trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health care expenditures in a 20-figure chartbook. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook is supplemented by several other products including Trend Tables, an At-a-Glance table, and Appendixes available for download on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook contains 20 figures and 20 tables on health and health care in the United States. Examining trends in health informs the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies and programs. The first section (Figures 1–13) focuses on health status and determinants: life expectancy, infant mortality, selected causes of death, overdose deaths, suicide, maternal mortality, teen births, preterm births, use of tobacco products, asthma, hypertension, heart disease and cancer, and functional limitations. The second section (Figures 14–15) presents trends in health care utilization: use of mammography and colorectal tests and unmet medical needs. The third section (Figures 16–17) focuses on health care resources: availability of physicians and dentists. The fourth section (Figures 18–20) describes trends in personal health care expenditures, health insurance coverage, and supplemental insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. The Highlights section summarizes major findings from the Chartbook. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2019. Hyattsville, MD. 2021.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.
Анотація:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
Анотація:
Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
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