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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 5 травня 2022

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1

Shaban, Ramon Z., Cristina Sotomayor-Castillo, Shizar Nahidi, Cecilia Li, Deborough Macbeth, Brett G. Mitchell, and Philip L. Russo. "Global burden, point sources, and outbreak management of healthcare-associated Burkholderia cepacia infections: An integrative review." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.184.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the global burden, associated point sources, and successful prevention and control measures for documented outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).Design:Integrative review.Methods:A review of all outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia HAIs published in the peer-reviewed literature between January 1970 and October 2019 was conducted to identify the global burden, associated point sources, and successful prevention and control measures using the Guidelines for Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infections (ORION).Results:In total, we reviewed 125 documented outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia–related HAIs worldwide. The reported B. cepacia HAIs for this period involved 3,287 patients. The point sources were identified in most outbreaks of B. cepacia HAIs (n = 93; 74.4%); they included medication vials, disinfectants, and antiseptics. Moreover, 95 of the outbreak reports (76%) described effective prevention and control measures, but only 33 reports indicated the use of a combination of environment-, patient- and staff-related measures. None of the outbreak reports used the ORION guidelines.Conclusions:Outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia HAIs are an ongoing challenge. They are often associated with immunocompromised patients who acquire the infection from exposure to contaminated medications, products, and equipment. These outbreaks are not infrequent, and a range of infection prevention and control measures have been effective in arresting spread. The use of ORION guidelines for outbreak reporting would improve the quality of information and data to generate evidence for translation into practice.
2

Gleeson, Sarah, Eoin Mulroy, Elizabeth Bryce, Sally Fox, Susan L. Taylor, and Hari Talreja. "Burkholderia cepacia: An Outbreak in the Peritoneal Dialysis Unit." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 39, no. 1 (January 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2018.00095.

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Burkholderia cepacia is a ubiquitous, opportunistic, environmental gram-negative bacillus which most commonly affects cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Rarely, it can cause peritoneal dialysis (PD) exit-site infection (ESI). Information relating to predisposing factors, clinical course, and treatment options for B. cepacia ESIs is limited. Although reports of B. cepacia healthcare-associated infections exist, outbreaks in PD units have not previously been reported. A recent outbreak of B. cepacia ESI in our PD unit provided a unique opportunity to study B. cepacia ESIs and to outline an approach to investigating such an outbreak. After unexpectedly identifying B. cepacia as the cause of PD catheter ESIs in 3 patients over an 11-week period, we began systematically screening our PD population for B. cepacia exit-site colonization. A further 6 patients were found to be affected, 3 with asymptomatic colonization and 3 with symptomatic B. cepacia ESI. Four of the 6 developed tunnel infections requiring multiple courses of antibiotic treatment, and 3 patients required catheter removal; 2 patients with symptomatic ESIs without tunnel involvement responded to oral and topical antibiotics. Further investigation implicated 4% chlorhexidine aqueous bodywash used by all patients as the probable source of the outbreak. This is the first reported outbreak of B. cepacia ESIs. We noted an association between diabetes mellitus and refractory/more extensive infection. Our experience suggests that isolated ESIs can be treated successfully with oral antibiotics whereas tunnel infections generally require catheter removal.
3

Burns, Jane L., and Lisa Saiman. "BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA INFECTIONS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 18, no. 2 (February 1999): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199902000-00015.

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4

Vonberg, Ralf-Peter, Susanne Häußler, Peter Vandamme, and Ivo Steinmetz. "Identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens by rapid-cycle PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46457-0.

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Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are important bacterial pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The B. cepacia complex currently consists of nine genetic subgroups (genomovars) of different epidemiological relevance and possibly of different pathogenic potential in humans. In this study, a new approach was developed for the rapid identification of B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II), Burkholderia cenocepacia (lineage III-A and III-B), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV) and Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V), which cause the large majority of infections in CF patients. The method was based on the detection of differences in the recA gene sequence by using rapid-cycle PCR and genomovar-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. The genomovar status of all 39 B. cepacia complex strains tested (genomovars I–V) was identified by melting-curve analysis. Each FRET probe produced a specific fluorescence signal only with the respective genomovar, and not with other B. cepacia complex strains and Burkholderia spp. The identification system was easy to handle and revealed B. cepacia complex genomovar I–V status from culture isolates within about 1 h.
5

Bernier, Steve P., Laura Silo-Suh, Donald E. Woods, Dennis E. Ohman, and Pamela A. Sokol. "Comparative Analysis of Plant and Animal Models for Characterization of Burkholderia cepacia Virulence." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 9 (September 2003): 5306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.9.5306-5313.2003.

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ABSTRACT A simple alfalfa model was developed as an alternative infection model for virulence studies of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Symptoms of disease were observed in wounded alfalfa seedlings within 7 days following inoculation of 101 to 105 CFU of most strains of the B. cepacia complex. Strains from seven genomovars of the B. cepacia complex were tested for virulence in the alfalfa model, and the degree of virulence was generally similar in strains belonging to the same genomovar. Strains of Burkholderia multivorans and some strains of Burkholderia stabilis did not cause symptoms of disease in alfalfa seedlings. Representative strains were also tested for virulence using the rat agar bead model. Most of the strains tested were able to establish chronic lung infections; B. stabilis strains were the exception. Most of the strains that were virulent in the alfalfa infection model were also virulent in the lung infection model. The B. cepacia genomovar III mutants K56pvdA::tp and K56-H15 were significantly less virulent in the alfalfa infection model than their parent strain. Therefore, this alfalfa infection model may be a useful tool for assessing virulence of strains of the B. cepacia complex and identifying new virulence-associated genes.
6

RAJASEKHARAN, SATISH KUMAR, and SAMIRAJ RAMESH. "Cellulase Inhibits Burkholderia cepacia Biofilms on Diverse Prosthetic Materials." Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 3 (2013): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-044.

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Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients with implanted devices are prone to B. cepacia infections due to its ability to grow as biofilms. Knowing the importance of polysaccharides in a biofilm, enzymes that degrade them were targeted as a possible candidate for antibiofilm agents. In this study, the antibiofilm potential of cellulase against B. cepacia biofilms formed on various prosthetic materials was tested. Cellulase exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against B. cepacia without having much action on its growth, thus ruling out the chance of selection pressure and subsequent development resistance.
7

Lewenza, Shawn, Michelle B. Visser, and Pamela A. Sokol. "Interspecies communication betweenBurkholderia cepaciaandPseudomonas aeruginosa." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-068.

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Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens that commonly cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients and occasionally co-infect patients' lungs. Both organisms possess quorum-sensing systems dependent on N-acyl homoserine lactone (N-acyl-HSL). Cross-feeding assays demonstrated that P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia were able to utilize heterologous N-acyl-HSL signaling molecules. The ability of quorum-sensing genes from one species to complement the respective quorum-sensing mutations in the heterologous species was also examined. These studies suggest that B. cepacia CepR can use N-acyl-HSLs synthesized by RhlI and LasI and that P. aeruginosa LasR and RhlR can use N-acyl-HSLs synthesized by CepI. It is possible that a mixed bacterial population of B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa can coordinately regulate some of their virulence factors and influence the progression of lung disease due to infection with these organisms.Key words: quorum sensing, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cystic fibrosis.
8

AuCoin, David P., Reva B. Crump, Peter Thorkildson, Dana E. Nuti, John J. LiPuma, and Thomas R. Kozel. "Identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria with a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.012500-0.

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The genus Burkholderia includes many bacteria that cause serious human infections. As is the case with other Gram-negative bacteria, Burkholderia species produce LPS, which is an abundant component of the bacterial cell surface. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria (which include at least 17 separate species) produce LPS structures that are quite different. In an attempt to determine the degree of LPS epitope variation among Bcc species, a mAb was produced, designated 5D8, specific for the LPS of B. cepacia. Western blot analysis determined that mAb 5D8 was able to produce the classic ‘ladder pattern’ when used to probe B. cepacia and Burkholderia anthina lysates, although 5D8 did not produce this pattern with the other seven Bcc species tested. mAb 5D8 reacted with varying intensity to most but not all of the additional B. cepacia and B. anthina strains tested. Therefore, there seems to be significant epitope variation among Bcc LPS both between and within species. Additionally, mAb 5D8 reacted with a proteinase-K-sensitive 22 kDa antigen in all Bcc strains and also in a strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei.
9

Meza-Radilla, Georgina, Violeta Larios-Serrato, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro, J. Antonio Ibarra, and Paulina Estrada-de los Santos. "Burkholderia species in human infections in Mexico: Identification of B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis,B. pseudomallei and a new Burkholderia species." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (June 29, 2021): e0009541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009541.

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Background Burkholderia sensu stricto is comprised mainly of opportunistic pathogens. This group is widely distributed in the environment but is especially important in clinical settings. In Mexico, few species have been correctly identified among patients, most often B. cepacia is described. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, approximately 90 strains identified as B. cepacia with the VITEK2 system were isolated from two medical centers in Mexico City and analyzed by MLSA, BOX-PCR and genome analysis. The initial identification of B. cepacia was confirmed for many strains, but B. contaminans, B. multivorans and B. vietnamiensis were also identified among clinical strains for the first time in hospitals in Mexico. Additionally, the presence of B. pseudomallei was confirmed, and a novel species within the B. cepacia complex was documented. Several strains misidentified as B. cepacia actually belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Providencia. Conclusions/Significance The presence of different Burkholderia species in Mexico was confirmed. Correct identification of Burkholderia species is important to provide accurate treatment for immunosuppressed patients.
10

Bedir Demirdag, Tugba, Aslinur Ozkaya Parlakay, Ismail Selcuk Aygar, Belgin Gulhan, and Saliha Kanik Yuksek. "Major Aspects of Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cepacia Infections in Children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 39, no. 5 (May 2020): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002587.

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11

Mahenthiralingam, Eshwar, Jocelyn Bischof, Sean K. Byrne, Christopher Radomski, Julian E. Davies, Yossef Av-Gay, and Peter Vandamme. "DNA-Based Diagnostic Approaches for Identification of Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia multivorans,Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia cepacia Genomovars I and III." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 9 (2000): 3165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.9.3165-3173.2000.

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Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex consist of five discrete genomic species, including genomovars I and III and three new species: Burkholderia multivorans (formerly genomovar II), Burkholderia stabilis (formerly genomovar IV), andBurkholderia vietnamiensis (formerly genomovar V). Strains of all five genomovars are capable of causing opportunistic human infection, and microbiological identification of these closely related species is difficult. The 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and recAgene of these bacteria were examined in order to develop rapid tests for genomovar identification. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA revealed sequence polymorphisms capable of identifying B. multivorans andB. vietnamiensis but insufficient to discriminate strains of B. cepacia genomovars I and III and B. stabilis. RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified recAdemonstrated sufficient nucleotide sequence variation to enable separation of strains of all five B. cepacia complex genomovars. Complete recA nucleotide sequences were obtained for 20 strains representative of the diversity of the B. cepacia complex. Construction of a recA phylogenetic tree identified six distinct clusters (recA groups):B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, genomovar I, and the subdivision of genomovar III isolates into two recA groups, III-A and III-B. Alignment of recA sequences enabled the design of PCR primers for the specific detection of each of the six latter recA groups. The recA gene was found on the largest chromosome within the genome of B. cepacia complex strains and, in contrast to the findings of a previous study, only a single copy of the gene was present. In conclusion, analysis of the recA gene of theB. cepacia complex provides a rapid and robust nucleotide sequence-based approach to identify and classify this taxonomically complex group of opportunistic pathogens.
12

Devescovi, Giulia, and Vittorio Venturi. "TheBurkholderia cepaciarpoEgene is not involved in exopolysaccharide production and onion pathogenicity." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-119.

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Burkholderia cepacia was originally described as the causative agent of bacterial rot of onions, and it has now emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen causing severe chronic lung infections in patients having cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia cepacia is now classified into nine very closely related species (previously designated as genomovars), all of which have been isolated from both environmental and clinical sources and are collectively known as the B. cepacia complex. The alternative extracytoplasmic function σ factor, σE, has been determined in several bacterial species as making substantial contributions to bacterial survival under stress conditions. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the rpoE gene, encoding σE, of B. cepacia. It is highly similar to σEof other bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Studies using an rpoE knockout mutant of B. cepacia revealed that many stress adaptations, including osmotic, oxidative, desiccation, carbon, and nitrogen stress, were independent of σE. Similarly, biofilm formation; production of exopolysaccharides, N-acyl homoserine lactones, and several exoenzymes; and onion pathogenicity were not affected by the absence of σE. In contrast, σEcontributed to the adaptation to heat stress and phosphate starvation.Key words: Burkholderia cepacia, sigma factor, rpoE, extracytoplasmic function.
13

Chipigina, N. S., N. Yu Karpova, N. P. Leontieva, V. I. Evdokimov, N. M. Dubinin, and A. S. Dubrovina. "INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS CAUSED BY A RARE AGENT BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIAN." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 8, no. 4 (August 12, 2018): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-4-317-322.

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Introduction. Infectious endocarditis (IE) caused by microorganisms Burkholderia cepacia is a very rare and poorly characterized form of endocarditis.Material and methods. We observed a case of late prosthetic mitral valve IE caused by Burkholderia cepacia in a 34-year-old patient.Results. A patient with a congenital ventricular septum defect underwent surgery on the heart three times in past, including the resection of mitral valve vegetations due to IE at age 17 and mitral valve replacement plus ventricular septum defect plastic reconstruction at 33 years old. The last was complicated by postoperative purulent sterno-mediastenitis treated by thoracoplasty. 10 months later the fever with chills appeared again, a large vegetation on a mitral valve prosthesis was revealed, and Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia with multidrug resistance to antibiotics was find. After the start of treatment with trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, normal temperature was observed, but the course of IE was complicated by thromboembolism with a fatal outcome.Conclusions. Multidrug resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics, including those empirically prescribed for IE, is the main risk factor for the adverse outcome of IE caused by Burkholderia cepacia. The lack of generally accepted recommendations determining the doses of antibiotics prescribed in accordance with the microorganism sensitivity is the problem still present in Burkholderia cepacia IE treatment.
14

McDowell, Andrew, Eshwar Mahenthiralingam, Kerstin E. A. Dunbar, John E. Moore, Mary Crowe, and J. Stuart Elborn. "Epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia complex species recovered from cystic fibrosis patients: issues related to patient segregation." Journal of Medical Microbiology 53, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45557-0.

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Studies of the prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia complex species amongst cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in different geographical regions, and the association between cross-infection and putative transmissibility markers, will further our understanding of these organisms and help to address infection-control issues. In this study, B. cepacia complex isolates from CF patients in different regions of Europe were analysed. Isolates were examined for B. cepacia complex species and putative transmissibility markers [cable pilin subunit gene (cblA) and the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM)]. Sporadic and cross-infective strains were identified by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In total, 79 % of patients were infected with Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), 18 % with Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II) and less than 5 % of patients with B. cepacia (genomovar I), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV) or Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V). The cblA and BCESM transmissibility markers were only detected in strains of B. cenocepacia. The BCESM was a more sensitive marker for transmissible B. cenocepacia strains than cblA, although sporadic B. cenocepacia strains containing the BCESM, but lacking cblA, were also observed. Furthermore, clusters of cross-infection with transmissibility marker-negative strains of B. multivorans were identified. In conclusion, B. cenocepacia was the greatest cause of cross-infection, and the most widely distributed B. cepacia complex species, within these CF populations. However, cross-infection was not exclusive to B. cenocepacia and cblA and the BCESM were not absolute markers for transmissible B. cenocepacia, or other B. cepacia complex strains. It is therefore suggested that CF centres cohort patients based on the presence or absence of B. cepacia complex infection and not on the basis of transmissibility marker-positive B. cenocepacia as previously suggested.
15

Gangaram, Usham, Tupili Ramya, Kandati Jithendra, and Desu Rama Mohan. "Burkholderia cepacia an emerging cause of septicaemia, in an intensive care unit from a tertiary care hospital, Nellore, India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200591.

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Background: Burkholderia cepacia is highly virulent and multidrug resistant organism to cause fatal and serious infections in ICUs leads to rise in mortality and morbidity. aim of present study was to know the prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia in blood stream infection in Intensive Care Unit and to know the drug susceptibility.Methods: This is a prospective study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit and Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, from February to March 2018. As a part of routine investigations Blood, urine, sputum or tracheal secretions sent for culture and sensitivity to the Microbiology laboratory. By conventional method, all the samples were cultured (except blood) onto Blood agar, Chocolate agar and MacConkey, s agar; incubated for 18-24 hours at 37⁰C. Blood cultures were performed in BACT/ Alert 3D (Biomeriux), only positives were subculture by conventional method. Further analysis was done in culture positive samples only.Results: A total of 448 patients admitted in ICU were included in the study, from them 586 samples were collected. out of which we got 238 culture positives. Among them 19 patients were positive for Burkholderia cepacia, most of them isolated from blood (78.9%), followed by respiratory secretions (21.1%) and none of them were isolated from urine samples. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Meropenam and Tigecycline (89.4%) followed by minocycline (84.2%), ceftazidime (73.6%), levofloxacin (63.1%). While B. cepacia isolates showed high resistance to cefaperazone-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid with (84.2%), (89.4%), (89.4%) respectively.Conclusions: To conclude that, Burkholderia cepacia is one of the emerging causes of septicemia with multidrug resistance, cross contamination may be the root cause so it should be treated quickly and effectively.
16

Wang, Guanbo, Paulina Zarodkiewicz, and Miguel A. Valvano. "Current Advances in Burkholderia Vaccines Development." Cells 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122671.

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The genus Burkholderia includes a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species some of which are pathogenic to humans and other vertebrates. The most pathogenic species are Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, the cause of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, are considered potential bioweapons. The Bcc comprises a subset of Burkholderia species associated with respiratory infections in people with chronic granulomatous disease and cystic fibrosis. Antimicrobial treatment of Burkholderia infections is difficult due to the intrinsic multidrug antibiotic resistance of these bacteria; prophylactic vaccines provide an attractive alternative to counteract these infections. Although commercial vaccines against Burkholderia infections are still unavailable, substantial progress has been made over recent years in the development of vaccines against B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. This review critically discusses the current advances in vaccine development against B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and the Bcc.
17

Baysal, Bora. "Humidification Solution as a Source for Spreading Burkholderia cepacia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 15, no. 05 (March 13, 2020): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708512.

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Abstract Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic organism in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients especially in newborns. The natural ecology of these bacteria associated with plants is also a cause of infectious potential. The disease-causing potential of bacteria as a nosocomial pathogen may be due to its ability to survive in antiseptic solutions, contamination equipment. The patient was hospitalized for prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome. He was treated with surfactant intratracheally for the respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical catheter was inserted. Ampicillin and gentamicin treatments were initiated. The patient who received respiratory support for a long time was given a steroid protocol because of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Burkholderia cepacia was detected in the blood and tracheal aspirate cultures of the patient, whose infection markers increased and a new area of infection was detected on the chest radiograph. Colistin and ciprofloxacin treatments were given according to the culture antibiogram. Screening tests revealed B. cepacia colonization in incubator moistening solutions. All incubator humidification solutions in the hospital were changed. Burkholderia cepacia is a rare cause of nosocomial infection in intensive care units but resistant to many treatments. With its capability to colonize water and grow on microbicides, the presence of B. cepacia in a patient's blood warrants further investigation in institutions providing care.
18

Saldías, M. Soledad, and Miguel A. Valvano. "Interactions of Burkholderia cenocepacia and other Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria with epithelial and phagocytic cells." Microbiology 155, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 2809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.031344-0.

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Burkholderia cenocepacia is a member of the B. cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of opportunistic bacteria that infect the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are extraordinarily resistant to almost all clinically useful antibiotics. Infections in CF patients with Bcc bacteria generally lead to a more rapid decline in lung function, and in some cases to the ‘cepacia syndrome’, a virtually deadly exacerbation of the lung infection with systemic manifestations. These characteristics of Bcc bacteria contribute to higher morbidity and mortality in infected CF patients. In the last 10 years considerable progress has been made in understanding the interactions between Bcc bacteria and mammalian host cells. Bcc isolates can survive either intracellularly within eukaryotic cells or extracellularly in host tissues. They survive within phagocytes and respiratory epithelial cells, and they have the ability to breach the respiratory epithelium layer. Survival and persistence of Bcc bacteria within host cells and tissues are believed to play a key role in pulmonary infection and to contribute to the persistent inflammation observed in patients with CF. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the interaction between Bcc bacteria and epithelial and phagocytic cells.
19

Yap, Desmond Y. H., Jasper F. W. Chan, Terence Yip, Maggie M. Y. Mok, Lorraine P. Y. Kwan, Wai Kei Lo, and Tak Mao Chan. "Burkholderia CepaciaExit-Site Infection in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients—Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 36, no. 4 (July 2016): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2015.00122.

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BackgroundBurkholderia cepacia is a hardy bacterium with intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics and high transmissibility. Opportunistic healthcare-associated B. cepacia infections among immunocompromised or critically ill patients have been reported, but there is limited data on the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of exit-site infection (ESI) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Patients and methodsPatients who suffered from B. cepacia ESI from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2014 were reviewed. The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the patients and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-two patients were included for analysis. Eight patients (36.4%) had medical conditions which impaired host immunity, while 7 (31.8%) had pre-existing skin abnormalities. Three patients (13.6%) progressed to tunnel-tract infection and another 3 patients (13.6%) developed associated peritonitis. Fifteen patients (68.2%) responded to medical treatment while 7 (31.8%) required catheter removal. Eleven patients (50.0%) had recurrent B. cepacia ESI, which occurred at 7.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 – 19.4 months) after the first episode. Most B. cepacia strains were susceptible to ceftazidime (95.5%), piperacillin/tazobactam (95.5%), and piperacillin (90.9%). Besides aminoglycosides (80 – 100%), high rates of resistance were also observed for ticarcillin/clavulanate (90.9%).ConclusionBurkholderia cepacia ESI is associated with low rates of tunnel-tract infection or peritonitis, but the risk of recurrence is high. Most cases can be managed with medical treatment alone, although one third of patients might require catheter removal.
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Semler, Diana D., Amanda D. Goudie, Warren H. Finlay, and Jonathan J. Dennis. "Aerosol Phage Therapy Efficacy in Burkholderia cepacia Complex Respiratory Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 7 (May 5, 2014): 4005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02388-13.

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ABSTRACTPhage therapy has been suggested as a potential treatment for highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the species of theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex (BCC). To address this hypothesis, experimentalB. cenocepaciarespiratory infections were established in mice using a nebulizer and a nose-only inhalation device. Following infection, the mice were treated with one of fiveB. cenocepacia-specific phages delivered as either an aerosol or intraperitoneal injection. The bacterial and phage titers within the lungs were assayed 2 days after treatment, and mice that received the aerosolized phage therapy demonstrated significant decreases in bacterial loads. Differences in phage activity were observedin vivo. Mice that received phage treatment by intraperitoneal injection did not demonstrate significantly reduced bacterial loads, although phage particles were isolated from their lung tissue. Based on these data, aerosol phage therapy appears to be an effective method for treating highly antibiotic-resistant bacterial respiratory infections, including those caused by BCC bacteria.
21

Fung, Scott K., H. Dick, H. Devlin, and E. Tullis. "Transmissibility and Infection Control Implications ofBurkolderia cepaciain Cystic Fibrosis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 9, no. 3 (1998): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/269157.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the microbiology and potential virulence factors ofBurkholderia cepacia; to discuss the studies that have investigated its mode of transmission among cystic fibrosis patients; and to identify the major risk factors associated with acquisition of this pathogen inside and outside of the hospital environment.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search of the literature published between 1986 and 1997 using the key words/subject wordsPseudomonas cepacia,Burkholderia cepacia, cystic fibrosis, infection control and transmissibility, and the bibliography of selected papers.DATA EXTRACTION: Selected studies examining epidemiology, microbiology, virulence factors and mode of transmission ofB cepaciain cystic fibrosis.DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS:B cepaciais a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus that has recently been recognized as a major respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Colonization by this organism can lead to rapid pulmonary deterioration and premature death. Recent studies based on genomic subtyping techniques have suggested that it can be transmitted from person to person. Close social contact and hospitalization have been identified as risk factors for cross-infection. With the implementation of strict infection control policies such as segregation according to colonization status, the rate of new colonization has substantially decreased in most cystic fibrosis treatment centres.
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Hisano, Michi, Kana Sugawara, Osamu Tatsuzawa, Michihiro Kitagawa, Atsuko Murashima, and Koushi Yamaguchi. "Bacteria-associated haemophagocytic syndrome and septic pulmonary embolism caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex in a woman with chronic granulomatous disease." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47071-0.

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Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections with certain types of bacteria and fungi. Presented herein is the case of a 29 year old woman with CGD who suffered from bacteria-associated haemophagocytic syndrome and a septic pulmonary embolism following a uterine infection and sepsis, caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex.
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Lynch, Karlene H., Kimberley D. Seed, Paul Stothard, and Jonathan J. Dennis. "Inactivation of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Phage KS9 gp41 Identifies the Phage Repressor and Generates Lytic Virions." Journal of Virology 84, no. 3 (November 25, 2009): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01843-09.

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ABSTRACT The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is made up of at least 17 species of Gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause fatal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. KS9 (vB_BcenS_KS9), one of a number of temperate phages isolated from BCC species, is a prophage of Burkholderia pyrrocinia LMG 21824. Transmission electron micrographs indicate that KS9 belongs to the family Siphoviridae and exhibits the B1 morphotype. The 39,896-bp KS9 genome, comprised of 50 predicted genes, integrates into the 3′ end of the LMG 21824 GTP cyclohydrolase II open reading frame. The KS9 genome is most similar to uncharacterized prophage elements in the genome of B. cenocepacia PC184 (vB_BcenZ_ PC184), as well as Burkholderia thailandensis phage φE125 and Burkholderia pseudomallei phage φ1026b. Using molecular techniques, we have disrupted KS9 gene 41, which exhibits similarity to genes encoding phage repressors, producing a lytic mutant named KS9c. This phage is incapable of stable lysogeny in either LMG 21824 or B. cenocepacia strain K56-2 and rescues a Galleria mellonella infection model from experimental B. cenocepacia K56-2 infections at relatively low multiplicities of infection. These results readily demonstrate that temperate phages can be genetically engineered to lytic form and that these modified phages can be used to treat bacterial infections in vivo.
24

Sousa, Sílvia A., António M. M. Seixas, Joana M. M. Marques, and Jorge H. Leitão. "Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections." Vaccines 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060670.

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Human infections caused by the opportunist pathogens Burkholderia cepacia complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of particular concern due to their severity, their multiple antibiotic resistance, and the limited eradication efficiency of the current available treatments. New therapeutic options have been pursued, being vaccination strategies to prevent or limit these infections as a rational approach to tackle these infections. In this review, immunization and immunotherapy approaches currently available and under study against these bacterial pathogens is reviewed. Ongoing active and passive immunization clinical trials against P. aeruginosa infections is also reviewed. Novel identified bacterial targets and their possible exploitation for the development of immunization and immunotherapy strategies against P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex and infections are also presented and discussed.
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Payne, George W., Peter Vandamme, Sara H. Morgan, John J. LiPuma, Tom Coenye, Andrew J. Weightman, T. Hefin Jones, and Eshwar Mahenthiralingam. "Development of a recA Gene-Based Identification Approach for the Entire Burkholderia Genus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3917-3927.2005.

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ABSTRACT Burkholderia is an important bacterial genus containing species of ecological, biotechnological, and pathogenic interest. With their taxonomy undergoing constant revision and the phenotypic similarity of several species, correct identification of Burkholderia is difficult. A genetic scheme based on the recA gene has greatly enhanced the identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex species. However, the PCR developed for the latter approach was limited by its specificity for the complex. By alignment of existing and novel Burkholderia recA sequences, we designed new PCR primers and evaluated their specificity by testing a representative panel of Burkholderia strains. PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of an 869-bp portion of the Burkholderia recA gene was not sufficiently discriminatory. Nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis of this recA fragment differentiated both putative and known Burkholderia species and all members of the B. cepacia complex. In addition, it enabled the design of a Burkholderia genus-specific recA PCR that produced a 385-bp amplicon, the sequence of which was also able to discriminate all species examined. Phylogenetic analysis of 188 novel recA genes enabled clarification of the taxonomic position of several important Burkholderia strains and revealed the presence of four novel B. cepacia complex recA lineages. Although the recA phylogeny could not be used as a means to differentiate B. cepacia complex strains recovered from clinical infection versus the natural environment, it did facilitate the identification of clonal strain types of B. cepacia, B. stabilis, and B. ambifaria capable of residing in both niches.
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Speert, David P., Barbara Steen, Keith Halsey, and Eddie Kwan. "A Murine Model for Infection withBurkholderia cepacia with Sustained Persistence in the Spleen." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 4027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.4027-4032.1999.

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ABSTRACT Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe systemic infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) or with cystic fibrosis (CF), but its mechanisms of virulence are poorly understood. We developed a murine model of systemic infection in wild-type (WT) and gamma interferon knockout (GKO) BALB/c mice to facilitate dissection of components of pathogenicity and host defense. Both WT and GKO mice were susceptible to chronic splenic infection with B. cepacia, but not withPseudomonas aeruginosa. B. cepacia strains from patients with CGD persisted longer than those from CF patients. C57BL/6 mice were the most susceptible murine strain; bacteria persisted in the spleen for 2 months. DBA/2, BALB/c, and A/J strains of mice were relatively resistant to infection. Certain strains of B. cepacia complex can persist in the murine spleen after systemic infection; this may provide clues to its virulence in compromised hosts, such as those with CGD and CF.
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Tomlin, Kerry L., Oisin P. Coll, and Howard Ceri. "Interspecies biofilms ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandBurkholderia cepacia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-095.

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The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) continues to be lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Co-colonization of the lungs with P. aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia can result in more severe pulmonary disease than P. aeruginosa alone. The interactions between P. aeruginosa biofilms and B. cepacia are not yet understood; one possible association being that mixed species biofilm formation may be part of the interspecies relationship. Using the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD), members of all genomovars of the B. cepacia complex were shown to form biofilms, including those isolated from CF lungs. Mixed species biofilm formation between CF isolates of P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia was readily achieved using the CBD. Oxidation–fermentation lactose agar was adapted as a differential agar to monitor mixed biofilm composition. Scanning electron micrographs of the biofilms demonstrated that both species readily integrated in close association in the biofilm structure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1, however, inhibited mixed biofilm formation of both CF isolates and environmental strains of the B. cepacia complex. Characterization of the soluble inhibitor suggested pyocyanin as the active compound.Key words: Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mixed biofilms, cystic fibrosis, pyocyanin.
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Bansal, Sharad, Rambabu Sharma, and Narendra Jangir. "Pattern of clinical manifestation and antibiotics sensitivity of Burkholderia Cepacia sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of tertiary care centre of North India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194748.

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Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Now a days, neonatal sepsis due to Burkholderia cepacia is on rise. This study was conducted to delineate clinical presentation and antibiotic sensitivity pattern from blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis. Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, thirty-six neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital with blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis were included. Clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis were analyzed.Results: : All neonates were inborn and were admitted within 24 hours of birth. Difficulty in breathing was most common presenting symptom and seizure was second in number. There was no association with mode of delivery. Male to female ratio is 1.4:1. Progressive thrombocytopenia was the most consistent feature and in 6 patients also associated with anaemia. Average hospital stay was increased and more in preterm neonates. In this setup piperacillin + tazobactem was found to be most sensitive against Burkholderia cepacia and cotrimoxazole was 2nd in sensitivity.Conclusions: Proper and timely identification of Non Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas can help confine morbidity due to such infections. High degree of suspicion helps in early recognition. Efficient housekeeping is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections due to these pathogens.
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Wong, Min Yi, Yuan-Hsi Tseng, Tsung-Yu Huang, Bor-Shyh Lin, Chun-Wu Tung, Chishih Chu, and Yao-Kuang Huang. "Comparison of Microbiological Characteristics and Genetic Diversity between Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates from Vascular Access and Other Clinical Infections." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010051.

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Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of closely related bacteria with widespread environmental distribution. BCC bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial infections in patients, especially cystic fibrosis (CF). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is used nowadays to differentiate species within the BCC complex. This study collected 41 BCC isolates from vascular access infections (VAIs) and other clinical infections between 2014 and 2020. We preliminarily identified bacterial isolates using standard biochemical procedures and further conducted recA gene sequencing and MLST for species identification. We determined genetic diversity indices using bioinformatics software. We studied 14 isolates retrieved from patients with VAIs and observed that Burkholderia cepacia was the predominant bacterial species, and B. contaminans followed by B. cenocepacia were mainly retrieved from patients with other infections. According to MLST data, we identified that all B. contaminans isolates belonged to ST102, while a wide variety of sequence types (STs) were found in B. cenocepacia isolates. In summary, the high diversity and easy transmission of BCC increase BCC infections, which provides insights into their potential clinical effects in non-CF infections.
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Ogundipe, Olayinka Ayodele, Rebecca Claire Pearson, and Amy Campbell. "Burkholderia cepacia complex infection complicating long-term urethral catheterisation." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 11 (November 2019): e230342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230342.

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This report describes a 79-year-old Caucasian man with a history of syringomyelia, paraplegia and a long-term urethral catheter, presenting with recurrent catheter-related or catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and persistent delirium. On one occasion, urine cultured bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). This organism is recognised as being a coloniser of fluid or aquatic settings. However, in certain circumstances (eg, immunosuppression, immunocompromise, multimorbidity), BCC has been recognised to cause infection, that is, rather than merely contamination or colonisation. In this unwell older patient, treatment of the BCC CAUTI was guided by antibiotic sensitivities and microbiology advice. The report incorporates a brief discussion of some relevant microbiological terminology, and refers to associations and commoner sites of BCC-related infection. The report concludes by exploring how three philosophical concepts (Occam’s razor, Hickam’s dictum and Crabtree’s bludgeon) proved relevant in supporting clinical decision-making in this case.
31

Subramanian, Rachel, and Lynn Fitzgibbons. "Burkholderia cepacia Complex Lumbar Spondylodiscitis: A Rare Nosocomial Infection." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022 (February 16, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4378442.

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Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is rarely caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex. B. cepacia is widespread in the environment and recognized as an opportunistic pathogen for patients with cystic fibrosis and immune disorders. A female in her mid-30s with underlying hyperthyroidism, but otherwise immunocompetent, was admitted to the hospital with persistent lower back pain after elective bariatric surgery in Mexico. Lumbar MRI showed L2/L3 osteomyelitis and discitis. Culture of disk aspiration grew Burkholderia cepacia complex sensitive to cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The infection failed to respond to cefepime; however, she was successfully treated with levofloxacin monotherapy.
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Mohr, Christian D., Mladen Tomich, and Christine A. Herfst. "Cellular aspects of Burkholderia cepacia infection." Microbes and Infection 3, no. 5 (April 2001): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01389-2.

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HUSAIN, S. "Burkholderia cepacia infection and lung transplantation." Seminars in Respiratory Infections 17, no. 4 (December 2002): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/srin.2002.36443.

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34

Makhmutova, V. R., T. E. Gembitskaya, A. G. Chermenskiy, O. N. Titova, N. A. Kuzubova, and T. A. Stepanenko. "Comparative characteristics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis in adults with chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 4 (2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-186-191.

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Background: in Russia, the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients increased by 10 years in 2011–2017 being 55.49 years in 2017. However, the number of patients with the chronic infection caused by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), e.g., Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp. etc., increased as well. Aim: to evaluate the differences in the nutritional and functional status and the severity of mutations in CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection or NFGNB infection and to assess the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to tobramycin in CF patients in the Northwest region of Russia. Patients and Methods: 31 patients with CF aged 18–43 years (18 men and 13 women) were examined. The duration of the study was 12 months. Spirometry, anthropometry, and sputum culture were performed. Results: P. aeruginosa alone was isolated in 18 patients (58%), Achromobacter spp. in 9 patients (29%), and Burkholderia spp. in 4 patients (13%). The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection (group 1, n=18, 10 out of 18 patients with mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa) or chronic NFGNB infection (group 2, n=13). The median age and the mode age were 27 years and 27 years, respectively, in group 1 and 24 years and 22 years, respectively, in group 2. It was demonstrated that CF patients with chronic NFGNB infection are characterized by poorer nutritional status (p<0.05) but similar functional status and the severity of CFTR gene mutation compared to CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection. It was also shown that Р. aeruginosa is highly sensitive to tobramycin (94.4%). Conclusions: in CF patients, chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Burkholderia cepacia and Achromobacter spp. account for 41.9% of gram-negative rod infections. Further studies and drug sensitivity monitoring are needed. KEYWORDS: cystic fibrosis, DNA test, chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, CFTR mutation, nutritional status, pulmonary function tests, inhaled antibiotic therapy. FOR CITATION: Makhmutova V.R., Gembitskaya T.E., Chermenskiy A.G. et al. Comparative characteristics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis in adults with chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):186–191. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-186-191.
35

Corbett, C. R., M. N. Burtnick, C. Kooi, D. E. Woods, and P. A. Sokol. "An extracellular zinc metalloprotease gene of Burkholderia cepacia." Microbiology 149, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 2263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26243-0.

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Burkholderia cepacia produces at least one extracellular zinc metalloprotease that may be involved in virulence. A B. cepacia zinc metalloprotease gene was cloned using a Burkholderia pseudomallei zinc metalloprotease gene as a probe. The predicted amino acid sequences of these B. cepacia and a B. pseudomallei extracellular zinc metalloproteases indicate that they are similar to the thermolysin-like family of metalloproteases (M4 family of metalloendopeptidases) and they are likely to be secreted via the general secretory pathway. zmpA isogenic mutants were constructed in B. cepacia genomovar III strains Pc715j and K56-2 by insertional inactivation of the zmpA genes. The zmpA mutants produced less protease than the parent strains. The B. cepacia strain K56-2 zmpA mutant was significantly less virulent than its parent strain in a chronic respiratory infection model; however, there was no difference between the virulence of B. cepacia strain Pc715j and a Pc715j zmpA mutant. The results indicate that this extracellular zinc metalloprotease may play a greater role in virulence in some strains of B. cepacia.
36

Loutet, Slade A., and Miguel A. Valvano. "A Decade of Burkholderia cenocepacia Virulence Determinant Research." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 10 (July 19, 2010): 4088–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00212-10.

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ABSTRACT The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of genetically related environmental bacteria that can cause chronic opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other underlying diseases. These infections are difficult to treat due to the inherent resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics. Bacteria can spread between CF patients through social contact and sometimes cause cepacia syndrome, a fatal pneumonia accompanied by septicemia. Burkholderia cenocepacia has been the focus of attention because initially it was the most common Bcc species isolated from patients with CF in North America and Europe. Today, B. cenocepacia, along with Burkholderia multivorans, is the most prevalent Bcc species in patients with CF. Given the progress that has been made in our understanding of B. cenocepacia over the past decade, we thought that it was an appropriate time to review our knowledge of the pathogenesis of B. cenocepacia, paying particular attention to the characterization of virulence determinants and the new tools that have been developed to study them. A common theme emerging from these studies is that B. cenocepacia establishes chronic infections in immunocompromised patients, which depend more on determinants mediating host niche adaptation than those involved directly in host cells and tissue damage.
37

Seed, Kimberley D., and Jonathan J. Dennis. "Experimental Bacteriophage Therapy Increases Survival of Galleria mellonella Larvae Infected with Clinically Relevant Strains of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 5 (February 17, 2009): 2205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01166-08.

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ABSTRACT The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of bacterial pathogens that are highly antibiotic resistant and associated with debilitating respiratory infections. Although bacteriophages of the BCC have been isolated and characterized, no studies have yet examined phage therapy against the BCC in vivo. In a caterpillar infection model, we show that BCC phage therapy is an alternative treatment possibility and is highly effective under specific conditions.
38

Maydaniuk, Dustin, Bin Wu, Dang Truong, Sajani H. Liyanage, Andrew M. Hogan, Zhong Ling Yap, Mingdi Yan, and Silvia T. Cardona. "New Auranofin Analogs with Antibacterial Properties against Burkholderia Clinical Isolates." Antibiotics 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121443.

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Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia include pathogenic Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). These Gram-negative pathogens have intrinsic drug resistance, which makes treatment of infections difficult. Bcc affects individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the species B. cenocepacia is associated with one of the worst clinical outcomes. Following the repurposing of auranofin as an antibacterial against Gram-positive bacteria, we previously synthetized auranofin analogs with activity against Gram-negatives. In this work, we show that two auranofin analogs, MS-40S and MS-40, have antibiotic activity against Burkholderia clinical isolates. The compounds are bactericidal against B. cenocepacia and kill stationary-phase cells and persisters without selecting for multistep resistance. Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella tolerated high concentrations of MS-40S and MS-40, demonstrating that these compounds have low toxicity in these model organisms. In summary, we show that MS-40 and MS-40S have antimicrobial properties that warrant further investigations to determine their therapeutic potential against Burkholderia infections.
39

Kahyaoglu, Ozlem, Brian Nolan, and Ashir Kumar. "BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA SEPSIS IN NEONATES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14, no. 9 (September 1995): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199509000-00021.

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40

Tamma, Pranita D., Yunfan Fan, Yehudit Bergman, Anna C. Sick-Samuels, Alice J. Hsu, Winston Timp, Patricia J. Simner, Bonnie C. Prokesch, and David E. Greenberg. "Successful Treatment of Persistent Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bacteremia with Ceftazidime-Avibactam." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): e02213-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02213-17.

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ABSTRACT We report our clinical experience treating a 2-month-old infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who experienced prolonged bacteremia with Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) despite conventional antibiotic therapy and appropriate source control measures. The infection resolved after initiation of ceftazidime-avibactam. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the isolate most closely resembled B. contaminans and identified the mechanism of resistance that likely contributed to clinical cure with this agent. Ceftazidime-avibactam should be considered salvage therapy for Bcc infections if other treatment options have been exhausted.
41

Worgall, Stefan, Adriana Heguy, Karsta Luettich, Timothy P. O'Connor, Ben-Gary Harvey, Luis E. N. Quadri, and Ronald G. Crystal. "Similarity of Gene Expression Patterns in Human Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 5262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.5262-5268.2005.

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ABSTRACT To determine if differences in the severity of pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis seen with late isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia are associated with differences in the initial response of alveolar macrophages (AM) to these pathogens, we assessed gene expression changes in human AM in response to infection with a laboratory strain, early and late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, and B. cepacia. Analysis of gene expression changes at the RNA level using oligonucleotide microarrays, following exposure to laboratory P. aeruginosa strain PAK, showed significant (P < 0.01) >2.5-fold upregulation of 42 genes and >2.5-fold downregulation of 45 genes. The majority of the changes in gene expression involved genes as part of inflammatory pathways and signaling systems. Interestingly, similar responses were observed following exposure of AM to early and late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, as well as with B. cepacia, suggesting that the more severe clinical outcome of infections with late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa or with B. cepacia cannot be explained by differences in the early interactions of these organisms with the human AM, as reflected by the similarity of gene expression changes in response to exposure of AM to these pathogens.
42

Grund, Megan E., Jeon Soo, Christopher K. Cote, Rita Berisio, and Slawomir Lukomski. "Thinking Outside the Bug: Targeting Outer Membrane Proteins for Burkholderia Vaccines." Cells 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030495.

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Increasing antimicrobial resistance due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials, as well as a lack of new and innovative antibiotics in development has become an alarming global threat. Preventative therapeutics, like vaccines, are combative measures that aim to stop infections at the source, thereby decreasing the overall use of antibiotics. Infections due to Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant treatment challenge because of substantial multidrug resistance that is acquired and spread throughout the bacterial population. Burkholderia spp. are Gram-negative intrinsically resistant bacteria that are responsible for environmental and nosocomial infections. The Burkholderia cepacia complex are respiratory pathogens that primarily infect immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, and are acquired through contaminated products and equipment, or via patient-to-patient transmission. The Burkholderia pseudomallei complex causes percutaneous wound, cardiovascular, and respiratory infections. Transmission occurs through direct exposure to contaminated water, water-vapors, or soil, leading to the human disease melioidosis, or the equine disease glanders. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against any Burkholderia pathogen. This review will discuss Burkholderia vaccine candidates derived from outer membrane proteins, OmpA, OmpW, Omp85, and Bucl8, encompassing their structures, conservation, and vaccine formulation.
43

Li, Sui Kwong, and William B. Messer. "Burkholderia cepacia complexCervical Osteomyelitis in an Intravenous Drug User." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (September 9, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7638639.

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Gram-negative vertebral osteomyelitis infections are increasing due to rising intravenous drug use but overall remain uncommon. Here, we present a case ofBurkholderia cepacia complexcervical osteomyelitis in an intravenous drug user.Burkholderia cepaciacomplexvertebral osteomyelitis has been infrequently described in the literature thus far with varied antibiotic treatment regimens. A 68-year-old male presented to the emergency department with neck pain after minor trauma. He endorsed active intravenous heroin and methamphetamine use. CT and MRI imaging of the cervical spine revealed destructive changes of C5-C6 vertebral bodies consistent with osteomyelitis. Neurological exam was stable and vital signs were within normal limits; so, antibiotics were held, and he was admitted for diagnostic evaluation. Five sets of blood cultures were drawn on admission and were ultimately negative. He subsequently underwent C5-C6 corpectomy, C4-C7 anterior fusion, and C3-T1 posterior fusion with allograft placement. Deep operative tissue cultures grewBurkholderia cepacia complex. He was treated with 6 weeks of intravenous ceftazidime followed by indefinite oral minocycline due to hardware placement.Burkholderia cepacia complexshould be considered among pathogenic etiologies of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, particularly among patients with intravenous drug use. Ceftazidime monotherapy was an effective treatment in this particular case.
44

Heungens, K., and J. L. Parke. "Postinfection Biological Control of Oomycete Pathogens of Pea by Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1." Phytopathology® 91, no. 4 (April 2001): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.4.383.

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Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1 is a biocontrol agent that reduces Pythium damping-off and Aphanomyces root rot severity on peas in the field. We studied the effect of B. cepacia AMMDR1 on post-infection stages in the life cycles of these pathogens, including mycelial colonization of the host, production of oogonia, and production of secondary zoospore inoculum. We used Burkholderia cepacia 1324, a seed and rootcolonizing but antibiosis-deficient Tn5 mutant of B. cepacia AMMDR1, to study mechanisms of biological control other than antibiosis. B. cepacia AMMDR1 significantly reduced Pythium aphanidermatum postinfection colonization and damping-off of pea seeds, even when the bacteria were applied 12 h after zoospore inoculation. B. cepacia AMMDR1 also significantly reduced colonization of taproots by Aphanomyces euteiches mycelium, but only when the bacteria were applied at high population densities at the site of zoospore inoculation. The antibiosisdeficient mutant, B. cepacia 1324, had no effect on mycelial colonization of seeds or roots by Pythium aphanidermatum nor A. euteiches, suggesting that antibiosis is the primary mechanism of biological control. B. cepacia AMMDR1, but not B. cepacia 1324, reduced production of A. euteiches oogonia. This effect occurred even when the population size of B. cepacia AMMDR1 was too small to cause a reduction in lesion length early on in the infection process and may result from in situ antibiotic production. B. cepacia AMMDR1 had no effect on the production of secondary zoospores of A. euteiches from infected roots. The main effects of B. cepacia AMMDR1 on postinfection stages in the life cycles of these pathogens therefore were reductions in mycelial colonization by Pythium aphanidermatum and in formation of oogonia by A. euteiches. No mechanism other than antibiosis could be identified.
45

Organ, Michael, John Grantmyre, and Jim Hutchinson. "Burkholderia cepacia infection of the prostate caused by inoculation ofcontaminated ultrasound gel during transrectal biopsy of the prostate." Canadian Urological Association Journal 4, no. 3 (April 17, 2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.857.

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Burkholderia cepacia infection of the prostate is very rare. Wereport 6 cases of prostatic infection secondary to inoculation ofcontaminated ultrasound gel during transrectal biopsy of the prostate.All of these patients required hospitalization and were treatedwith intravenous antibiotics. One of these cases is the first descriptionof chronic prostatitis with B. cepacia.
46

Sajjan, Umadevi S., Francisco A. Sylvester, and Janet F. Forstner. "Cable-Piliated Burkholderia cepaciaBinds to Cytokeratin 13 of Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.4.1787-1795.2000.

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ABSTRACT Although the Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of several genomovars, one highly transmissible strain of B. cepacia has been isolated from the sputa of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients throughout the United Kingdom and Canada. This strain expresses surface cable (Cbl) pili and is thought to be the major strain associated with the fatal “cepacia syndrome.” In the present report we characterize the specific 55-kDa buccal epithelial cell (BEC) protein that binds cable pilus-positive B. cepacia. N-terminal sequences of CNBr-generated internal peptides identified the protein as cytokeratin 13 (CK13). Western blots of BEC extracts probed with a specific monoclonal antibody to CK13 confirmed the identification. Mixed epidermal cytokeratins (which contain CK13), cytokeratin extract from BEC (which consists essentially of CK13 and CK4), and a polyclonal antibody to mixed cytokeratins inhibitedB. cepacia binding to CK13 blots and to normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Preabsorption of the antikeratin antibody with the BEC cytokeratin fraction reversed the inhibitory effect of the antibody. A cytokeratin mixture lacking CK13 was ineffective as an inhibitor of binding. Colocalization of CK13 andB. cepacia by confocal microscopy demonstrated that intact nonpermeabilized NHBE cells express small amounts of surface CK13 and bind Cbl-positive B. cepacia in the same location. Binding to intact NHBE cells was dependent on bacterial concentration and was saturable, whereas a Cbl-negative isolate exhibited negligible binding. These findings raise the possibility that surface-accessible CK13 in respiratory epithelia may be a biologically relevant target for the binding of cable piliated B. cepacia.
47

Segonds, Christine, Thierry Heulin, Nicole Marty, and Gerard Chabanon. "Differentiation of Burkholderia Species by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene and Application to Cystic Fibrosis Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 7 (1999): 2201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.7.2201-2208.1999.

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Burkholderia cepacia, which is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) owing to the potential severity of the infections and the high transmissibility of some clones, has been recently shown to be a complex of five genomic groups, i.e., genomovars I, II (B. multivorans), III, and IV and B. vietnamiensis. B. gladioli is also involved, though rarely, in CF. Since standard laboratory procedures fail to provide an accurate identification of these organisms, we assessed the ability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), with the combination of the patterns obtained with six endonucleases, to differentiateBurkholderia species. This method was applied to 16 type and reference strains of the genus Burkholderiaand to 51 presumed B. cepacia clinical isolates, each representative of one clone previously determined by PCR ribotyping. The 12 Burkholderia type strains tested were differentiated, including B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis, and B. gladioli, but neither the genomovar I and III reference strains nor the genomovar IV reference strain and B. pyrrocinia T were distinguishable. CF clinical isolates were mainly distributed in RFLP group 2 (which includesB. multivorans T) and RFLP group 1 (which includes B. cepacia genomovar I and III reference strains, as well as nosocomial clinical isolates). Two of the five highly transmissible clones in French CF centers belonged to RFLP group 2, and three belonged to RFLP group 1. The remaining isolates either clustered with other Burkholderia species (B. cepaciagenomovar IV or B. pyrrocinia, B. vietnamiensis, and B. gladioli) or harbored unique combinations of patterns. Thus, if further validated by hybridization studies, PCR-RFLP of 16S rDNA could be an interesting identification tool and contribute to a better evaluation of the respective clinical risks associated with each Burkholderia species or genomovar in patients with CF.
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Mayer, Michal, Yulia Matiuhin, Mickal Nawatha, Orly Tabachnikov, Inbar Fish, Nili Schutz, Hay Dvir, and Meytal Landau. "Structural and Functional Insights into the Biofilm-Associated BceF Tyrosine Kinase Domain from Burkholderia cepacia." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081196.

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BceF is a bacterial tyrosine kinase (BY-kinase) from Burkholderia cepacia, a Gram-negative bacterium accountable for respiratory infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. BceF is involved in the production of exopolysaccharides secreted to the biofilm matrix and promotes resistant and aggressive infections. BY-kinases share no homology with mammalian kinases, and thereby offer a means to develop novel and specific antivirulence drugs. Here, we report the crystal structure of the BceF kinase domain at 1.85 Å resolution. The isolated BceF kinase domain is assembled as a dimer in solution and crystallized as a dimer in the asymmetric unit with endogenous adenosine-diphosphate bound at the active sites. The low enzymatic efficiency measured in solution may be explained by the partial obstruction of the active sites at the crystallographic dimer interface. This study provides insights into self-assembly and the specific activity of isolated catalytic domains. Several unique variations around the active site compared to other BY-kinases may allow for structure-based design of specific inhibitors to target Burkholderia cepacia virulence.
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Pope, C. F., S. H. Gillespie, J. R. Pratten, and T. D. McHugh. "Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants of Burkholderia cepacia." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 3 (December 26, 2007): 1201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00799-07.

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ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolone-resistant Burkholderia cepacia mutants were selected on ciprofloxacin. The rate of mutation in gyrA was estimated to be 9.6 × 10−11 mutations per division. Mutations in gyrA conferred 12- to 64-fold increases in MIC, and an additional parC mutation conferred a large increase in MIC (>256-fold). Growth rate, biofilm formation, and survival in water and during drying were not impaired in strains containing single gyrA mutations. Double mutants were impaired only in growth rate (0.85, relative to the susceptible parent).
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Sfeir, Maroun M. "Burkholderia cepacia complex infections: More complex than the bacterium name suggest." Journal of Infection 77, no. 3 (September 2018): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.006.

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