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1
Grave, Peter, Lisa Kealhofer, Ben Marsh, Taciser Sivas, and Hakan Sivas. "Reconstructing Iron Age Community Dynamics in Eskişehir Province, Central Turkey." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 19, no. 3 (July 9, 2011): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-011-9119-y.
2
Yilmaz, Hakan. "The skeletal remains from Babacan Village early Iron Age (Muradiye, Van, Turkey)." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i1.3085.
Анотація:
<p>Human skeletal remains were found from tomb dated to Early Iron Age in the Babacan Village in which is a town in the district of Muradiye (18km), Van province (105km), Turkey. Human bones were unearthed from tomb during an illegal excavation in the eastern province of Van’s Muradiye Babacan Village district. The bones were examined for age, sex and also presence of pathological. Furthermore,<em> </em>skeletal measurements and indices were calculated. A minimum of five individuals was defined from tomb dated to Early Iron Age. Skeletal remains in Babacan Village are composed of at least five individuals, including adult of both sexes (four male, one female). The average age of five individuals were calculated as > 30 years. This age is similar to other Early Iron Age populations Van area. Assessing the paleopathological lesions were not observed on the skeletal remains Babacan Village burials. Moreover, another paleopathological observation was not found on the human bones, including trauma.</p>
3
Akin, Fatih, Ece Selma Solak, Cengizhan Kilicaslan, Saltuk Bugra Boke, and Sukru Arslan. "Iron Deficiency Anemia among Hospitalized Children in Konya, Turkey." Anemia 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/514801.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of our hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and effects of the IDA prevention project of the Turkish Ministry of Health which was started in 2004. The recommended dose of prophylactic iron supplementation was 1-2 mg/kg/day. The files of 1519 patients who were hospitalized to Konya Education and Research Hospital Pediatrics Clinic were reviewed. A total of 50 patients consisting of 35 boys and 15 girls with the mean age of 16,59 ± 1,68 months were included into the study. The prevalence of IDA was 3.29% (boys: 4.23%, girls: 2.1%). Hgb and Hct of the patients >24 months were significantly higher than those of the patients with the age of 6–12 months. Iron supplementation receiving rates were very low. Of the 28 patients older than 12 months, only 44% of them had received a full course of iron supplementation for 8 months. In conclusion, although prophylactic iron supplementation lowered the prevalences of IDA, receiving rates of iron supplementation were not adequate. While IDA is still a public health problem, prophylactic approaches should be carried out more effectively.
4
Grave, Peter, Lisa Kealhofer, Pavol Hnila, Ben Marsh, Carolyn Aslan, Diane Thumm-Doğrayan, and Wendy Rigter. "Cultural dynamics and ceramic resource use at Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Troy, northwestern Turkey." Journal of Archaeological Science 40, no. 4 (April 2013): 1760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.10.027.
5
Herrmann, Virginia R. "Urban organization under empire: Iron Age Sam’al (Zincirli, Turkey) from royal to provincial capital." Levant 49, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 284–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2018.1453719.
6
Erdem, A., A. Çilingiroğlu, A. Giakoumaki, M. Castanys, E. Kartsonaki, C. Fotakis, and D. Anglos. "Characterization of Iron age pottery from eastern Turkey by laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 9 (September 2008): 2486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.03.019.
7
Voigt, Mary M., and Robert C. Henrickson. "Formation of the Phrygian state: the Early Iron Age at Gordion." Anatolian Studies 50 (December 2000): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643013.
Анотація:
A brief history of archaeological research at Gordion Piecing together documentary sources from areas to the east and west of Anatolia, historians agree that in the eighth century BC, central Anatolia was dominated by people who spoke an Indo-European language, Phrygian (Mellink 1991: 621; Muscarella 1995: 92 with refs). From historical sources we also know the location of the Phrygians' capital, Gordion: Quintus Curtius (Hist Alex III.1–2) states that the city lay on the Sangarios River ‘equally distant from the Pontic and Cilician Seas’. Using this description, Gustav and Augustus Körte travelled across Turkey more than a century ago looking for the physical remains of Gordion and Phrygia. They eventually focused on a mound lying adjacent to the Sangarios or modern Sakarya. The mound, now called Yassıhöyük, is large relative to others in the region, and lies in the proper geographical setting for ancient Gordion; a series of artificial mounds or tumuli scattered across nearby slopes provides additional evidence of the settlement's importance.
8
Dimova, Bela. "Archaeology in Macedonia and Thrace: Iron Age to Hellenistic, 2014–2019." Archaeological Reports 65 (November 2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608419000073.
Анотація:
This paper reviews archaeological publications and fieldwork related to Macedonia and Thrace of the past five years, covering the Early Iron Age to the Hellenistic period, with reference also to sites and projects in Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Turkey. Published syntheses reveal the priorities that have driven archaeological research to date (for example funerary monuments, ties to historical figures and narratives, pottery) and a need for more studies on other aspects of social history and archaeology, such as subsistence, crafts and households. Fieldwork at settlements has continued over the years, but few are being dug and published to current standards. A discussion is growing about the role and use of the countryside, and field surveys and excavations are providing new data on this. Fortified rural sites in Greece and Bulgaria may indicate that similar social processes were afoot, but full publication and the retrieval of relevant comparative data, especially faunal and botanical, are essential for a better understanding of potential differences.
9
Nesbitt, Mark, and G. D. Summers. "Some recent Discoveries of Millet (Panicum MiliaceumL. andSetaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.) at Excavations in Turkey and Iran." Anatolian Studies 38 (December 1988): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642844.
Анотація:
Although a relatively unimportant crop in the Near East, millet has an especially interesting history that may throw some light on the cultural relationships of the Middle–Late Bronze Ages and the Iron Age. Thus the prompt, separate, publication of a large deposit of foxtail millet (Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.), recently identified from an Iron Age level at Tille Höyük, seems justified. This is the first find of the cereal in such large quantities—definitely as a crop—from the Near East or Greece. The rest of the plant remains from this level will be published in conjunction with the rich samples that are expected to be found in the massive Late Bronze Age burnt level at Tille. The opportunity is also taken in this paper to present other previously unpublished millet samples, from second millennium B.C. levels at Haftavan Tepe, northwestern Iran, and from Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval levels at Aşvan Kale, eastern Turkey.A full discussion of these criteria will be included in the first author's forthcoming publication of the Aşvan plant remains. Knörzer (1971) has published a useful key to millet seeds. Three genera of millets (all belonging to the tribePaniceaeof the grass family) have grains of the relatively wide, large embryoed type discussed here.
10
Luke, Christina, Christopher H. Roosevelt, Peter J. Cobb, and Çiler Çilingiroğlu. "Composing communities: Chalcolithic through Iron Age survey ceramics in the Marmara Lake basin, western Turkey." Journal of Field Archaeology 40, no. 4 (June 22, 2015): 428–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2042458215y.0000000009.
11
Osborne, James F., and Geoffrey D. Summers. "Visibility Graph Analysis and Monumentality in the Iron Age City at Kerkenes in Central Turkey." Journal of Field Archaeology 39, no. 3 (July 10, 2014): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0093469014z.00000000089.
12
Doonan, Owen. "Xenophon in a Black Sea Landscape: Settlement Models for the Iron Age on the Sinop Promontory (Turkey)." European Journal of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2018.16.
Анотація:
Research into the Iron Age of Anatolia has seldom paid sufficient attention to settlement patterns and the social organization of space. TheAnabasisby Xenophon records the observations of a Greek outsider who travelled across eastern Anatolia and along the Black Sea coast in 400bce, a time that was relatively early in the colonial process in this area. Xenophon's observations are used to establish a basic model for settlement in the Black Sea coastal region of Anatolia, which is then tested against the results of recent archaeological surveys and related research on the Sinop promontory. A fuller and richer model of indigenous Iron Age settlement and colonial engagement on the Sinop promontory is developed and considered in light of recent research on colonization in the western Mediterranean and northern Black Sea regions.
13
Steidl, Catherine. "Re-thinking communities: Collective identity and social experience in Iron-Age western Anatolia." Journal of Social Archaeology 20, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605319875283.
Анотація:
Reference to identity is ubiquitous in archaeology. Even when identity is not part of the questions driving research, assumptions about it affect interpretations of data; the terms used to designate individuals or collective groups carry implicit ideas about their identities. Default categories used to describe people, however, are often rooted in binary oppositions instead of the interactions that made up their daily social lives. In an archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean, these oppositional categories are most frequently rooted in ethnicity. This article presents the community as an ideal framework to address the problems posed by an overreliance on ethnicity for understanding ancient identities, but also to compare collective social dynamics more broadly. Laying out a methodology for communities’ archaeological study, it uses two case studies from Emporion (Spain) and Ephesos (Turkey) to illustrate the new questions and conversations facilitated by an archaeology of communities that complement ongoing identity studies.
14
Tanzer, Fatos, Selda H_zel, Öge Çetinkaya, and Ersin Sekreter. "Serum Free Carnitine and Total Triglycerid Levels in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.71.1.66.
Анотація:
Iron deficiency anemia and hyperlipidemia are common public health problems in Turkey. The connection between iron and lipid metabolisms has not been clarified yet. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of iron deficiency on carnitine and lipid metabolism. Study group was consisted of 70 children (mean age 14.7 ± 1.3 months) suffering from iron deficiency anemia and 20 healthy children (mean age 13.7 ± 1.2 months) attended to outpatient clinics of Cumhuriyet University, Sivas were enrolled the study as the control group. Assessments of serum free carnitine concentrations, total triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL levels were made in both groups. The mean serum free carnitine concentration was significantly lower than the control group (18.9 ± 0.43 nmol/ ml and 45.9 ± 1.47 nmol/ml respectively, t = 17.5 p <0.01). Results of our study also indicated higher serum total triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL levels in iron deficient patients than the healthy controls. Regression analyses indicated a negative correlation between serum free carnitine and total triglyceride levels in iron deficient patients. This study confirms that iron deficiency anemia may be linked to the endogenous carnitine synthesis in pediatric age group, and thus hyperlipidemia appears to be a risk factor for premature cardiovascular diseases.
15
Parker, Bradley J., Andrew Creekmore, Chiara Cavallo, Rik Maliepaard, and Richard Paine. "The Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project: a final report from the 1999 field season." Anatolian Studies 52 (December 2002): 19–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643077.
Анотація:
AbstractDuring the summer of 1999 members of the Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project (UTARP) conducted archaeological excavations and surveys at two sites in the upper Tigris river region of southeastern Turkey. This article presents the results of that research. At the site of Boztepe excavations yielded four Halaf period burials, all of which contained grave goods, and an Iron Age house dated by C14 to the Assyrian Imperial period. Intensive surveys at Talavaş Tepe and Boztepe have refined the chronology and size of both sites. Although the exposures of the Halaf period are very small, these data add important insights into Halaf mortuary practices, while evidence from both Boztepe and Talavaş Tepe supplements our understanding of the upper Tigris river region during the Iron Age.
16
Altunok, V., E. Yazar, and N. Yuksek. "Selected Blood Serum Elements in Van (Turkey) Cats." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 2 (2007): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776020171.
Анотація:
The Turkish Van cat originates from eastern Turkey. One of the characteristic features of Van cats is the colour of their eyes, which can be both eyes blue, both eyes amber or one eye blue and the other amber. Serum essential trace, macro and industrial element concentrations of Van cats (n = 47) according to sex, age, hair length and eye colour differences were investigated. Serum aluminium, arsenic, boron, barium, cobalt, chromium, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, nickel, selenium, silver, sulphur, strontium, vanadium and zinc were measured with ICP-OES plasma optical atomic emission spectrometer. In result, serum aluminium, barium, copper, manganese and strontium levels in male cats were found higher (p < 0.05) than in female cats. Serum aluminium, copper, manganese, strontium and zinc amounts of blue-blue eyed cats were found higher (p < 0.05) than amber-amber, amber-blue and blue-amber eyed cats, and serum lithium of blue-amber eyed cats was higher (p < 0.05) than blue-blue eyed cats. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) found in the age and hair length groups. Our results indicate that several of the blood serum elements of Van cats may be related to their eye colours and sex differences.
17
Massa, Michele, Christoph Bachhuber, Fatma Şahin, Hüseyin Erpehlivan, James Osborne, and Anthony J. Lauricella. "A landscape-oriented approach to urbanisation and early state formation on the Konya and Karaman plains, Turkey." Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154620000034.
Анотація:
AbstractThis paper synthesises the data and results of the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project (2016–2020) in order to address the earliest evidence for cities and states on the Konya and Karaman plains, central Turkey. A nested and integrative approach is developed that draws on a wide range of spatially extensive datasets to outline meaningful trends in settlement, water management and regional defensive systems during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The significance of the regional centre of Türkmen-Karahöyük for a reconstruction of early state polities between the 13th and eighth centuries BCE is addressed. In light of this regional analysis, it is tentatively suggested that, during the Late Bronze Age, Türkmen-Karahöyük was the location of the city of Tarḫuntašša, briefly the Hittite capital during the reign of Muwatalli II. More assuredly, based on the analysis of the newly discovered Middle Iron Age TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1 inscription, it is proposed that Türkmen-Karahöyük was the seat of a kingdom during the eighth century BCE that likely encompassed the Konya and Karaman plains.
18
Bryce, Trevor. "The land of Hiyawa (Que) revisited." Anatolian Studies 66 (2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154616000053.
Анотація:
AbstractThe focus of this article is the recently published, near-duplicate ARSUZ inscriptions carved on two stelae found near İskenderun in southeastern Turkey and dating to the later tenth century BC. Particular attention is given to the historical section of these inscriptions, and its reference to a land called Hiyawa (Assyrian Que) in eastern Cilicia, previously attested in only one other Iron Age inscription, the Luwian-Phoenician bilingual found at Çineköy near Adana. The article discusses what new information can be deduced about Hiyawa, including its relationship with the land of Adana(wa) in eastern Cilicia, the implications to be drawn from the findspot of the stelae and the much-debated question of whether the references to Hiyawa reflect Greek settlement in southeastern Anatolia during the Early Iron Age. Fresh attention is also given to the two Akkadian texts from the archives of Late Bronze Age Ugarit which refer to a group called the Hiyawa-men, who were located at that time (late 13th to early 12th century) in Lukka in southwestern Anatolia. The controversial identification of this group with Ahhiyawans/Mycenaean Greeks is re-examined within the broader context of a comprehensive reconsideration of the Ahhiyawa-Hiyawa equation and the role played by ‘Hiyawans’ and the land of Hiyawa in the affairs of the eastern Mediterranean world from the end of the Bronze Age through the succeeding Iron Age.
19
Giacosa, Gabriele, Daniele Moro, Gianfranco Ulian, Silvano Zanna, and Giovanni Valdrè. "Ceramic Recipes: Cross-correlated analytical strategy for the characterization of the Iron Age pottery from ancient Karkemish (Turkey)." Measurement 128 (November 2018): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.023.
20
Karakas, Zeynep, Cihangir Sevimli, Nurdan Gul, Rana Comert, and Memduh Dursun. "Relation of Pancreatic Iron Overload Detected By MRI with Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Results of Liver, Cardiac and Pitutiary MRI Among Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) Patients in Turkey." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115356.
Анотація:
Abstract The relationship between pancreatic iron overload and glucose dysregulation has not been well defined and need further investigation. Pancreas iron load measurements are also necessary to understand how hepatic, pancreatic, and cardiac iron burden prospectively modulate the evolution of diabetes in transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the presence of pancreatic iron overload among TDT patients in Turkey based on the MRI R2* and T2* results as well as to determine its association to Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, fructosamine, Homa-IR, C-peptide, ferritin, liver, cardiac and hypophysis MRI R2* results. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Thalassemia Center in Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty. Forty-one TDT patients included the study with a mean age of 29.9±9,9 (median 29) years old, ranging from 11 to 45 years old. Pancreatic, liver, cardiac and hypophsis MRI's were conducted using 1.5 Tesla Philips MRI machine in the Department of Radiology. Pancreatic MRI R2* results < 30 Hz were considered normal, 30-100 Hz as mild, and > 100 Hz as moderate to severe pancreatic siderosis. Pancreatic MRI T2 results >26 ms were is normal, < 10 ms is severe iron overload as presented at literature. Correlations between pancreatic MRI R2* results and FBG, insulin, fructosamine, Homa-IR, C-peptide, ferritin, cardiac and hypophysis MRI R2* were evaluated using the Pearson correlation, Man Whitney U test. Results: Laboratory findings of glucose metabolism and MRI's of liver, pancreas, hypophsis and cardiac iron are shown at Table 1. There were no significant relationship between fasting blood glucose, insülin, C-peptid level, fructosamine, Homa-IR, ferritin and Pancreas T2* and R2* results (p>0.05). There was significant correlation between liver and pancreas MRI T2* and R2* results. (p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between hypophysis global R2, cardiac R2*, Pancreas T2* and, Pancreas R2* measurements (p>0.05). Fourteen patients were found to have normal pancreatic MRI R2* (34,1%) while 19 patients have normal pancreatic MRI T2 (46.3%). It is reported that T2 is irrelevant to age and sex, and R2 can be related to age-related fatty degeneration. There was significant pancreatic iron burden in 31.7% of patients (R2*>100 Hz), of whom only 1 patient was under 18 years of age.There were 22 (53.6%) patients with T2* <26 ms and had iron overload, 13 (31.7%) had T2 <10 ms and had significant iron overload. Almost three-quarters of patients (n:13, 31.7%) had moderate to severe pancreatic iron load on both T2* and R2* measurements. Thirteen patients with significant pancreatic iron overload had 3 severe hypophysis, 1 moderate, 2 severe cardiac siderosis. and had no serious liver iron burden. This shows that the treatment of chelation first led to liver, then heart and pituitary, respectively, and finally pancreatic iron burden and demonstrates the importance of pancreas MR in assessing the body iron load. Discussion:The lack of correlation between pancreatic and cardiac MRI R2* are in contrast to another demonstrating that pancreatic iron load are good predictors of cardiac iron load. This is due to the fact that our patients are followed up with cardiac MR and taken to the intensive chelation programs of the patients who detect iron in the heart. Previous studies also report that while pancreatic R2* may be sensitive for glucose dysregulation, most patients may still have no symptoms and normal blood glucose, indicating the presence of a preclinical iron burden. Pancreatic MRI R2* can detect pancreatic iron accumulation at a much earlier stage. Lack of excessive iron load in liver of our patient can be explain low glucose metabolism disorder despite high pancreatic iron overload. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
21
Sperl, Gerhard O. "Metallography for the European Copper Age: Research on the Axe-Blade of the Glacier- Mummy from the Ötztaler Alps in Tyrol." Microscopy Today 13, no. 6 (November 2005): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005392x.
Анотація:
The beginning of metallurgy in the Old World is characterized by hammering native metals such as gold, copper and meteoric iron. Owing to the need of annealing the metal, for softening it after cold working, pyrometallurgy, the use of fire for producing metals from ores, could have been found by trial and error. Parallel to the rise of metallurgy is the use of a campfire (low temperature: max. 800°C) for baking clay-objects, which also seems to be an additional origin of metallurgy. The very first piece of molten copper-ore, dating back to the 7th millennium BC, was found in Catal Hoyiik, Turkey, together with hammered native copper and beads made of galena (PbS), initially mistakenly thought to be metallic lead.
22
Allcock, Samantha Lee, and Neil Roberts. "Changes in regional settlement patterns in Cappadocia (central Turkey) since the Neolithic: a combined site survey perspective." Anatolian Studies 64 (2014): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154614000040.
Анотація:
AbstractMore than 50 years of archaeological survey work carried out in Cappadocia in central Turkey has produced a number of important contributions to the understanding of long-term settlement histories. This article synthesises and critically evaluates the results of three field surveys conducted in Cappadocia which recorded material remains dating from the Early Holocene through to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. Results from the combined Cappadocia surveys reveal temporal patterns over the longue durée that include a lack of detectable pre-Neolithic occupation and important exploitation of obsidian as a raw material during the Neolithic. There was growth and expansion of settlement during the later Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, a steady continuation of settlement during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, followed by rupture in settlement at the end of the Bronze Age. A new phase of settlement expansion began during the Iron Age and continued through Hellenistic and Roman times. This in turn was disrupted during the Byzantine period, which is associated with increased numbers of fortified sites. The succeeding long cycle of settlement began in Seljuk times and continued through to the end of the Ottoman period. Comparison with systematic archaeological site surveys in the adjacent regions of Paphlagonia and Konya shows some differences in settlement patterns, but overall broad sim¬ilarities indicate a coherent trajectory of settlement across central Anatolia over the last ten millennia.
23
Harmanşah, Ömür. "‘Source of the Tigris’. Event, place and performance in the Assyrian landscapes of the Early Iron Age." Archaeological Dialogues 14, no. 2 (October 26, 2007): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203807002334.
Анотація:
Performative engagements with specific, culturally significant places were among the primary means of configuring landscapes in the ancient world. Ancient states often appropriated symbolic or ritual landscapes through commemorative ceremonies and building operations. These commemorative sites became event-places where state spectacles encountered and merged with local cult practices. The Early Iron Age inscriptions and reliefs carved on the cave walls of the Dibni Su sources at the site of Birkleyn in Eastern Turkey, known as the ‘Source of the Tigris’ monuments, present a compelling paradigm for such spatial practices. Assyrian kings Tiglath-pileser I (1114–1076 B.C.) and Shalmaneser III (858–824 B.C.) carved ‘images of kingship’ and accompanying royal inscriptions at this impressive site in a remote but politically contested region. This important commemorative event was represented in detail on Shalmaneser III's bronze repoussé bands from Imgul-Enlil (Tell Balawat) as well as in his annalistic texts, rearticulating the performance of the place on public monuments in Assyrian urban contexts. This paper approaches the making of the Source of the Tigris monuments as a complex performative place-event. The effect was to reconfigure a socially significant, mytho-poetic landscape into a landscape of commemoration and cult practice, illustrating Assyrian rhetorics of kingship. These rhetorics were maintained by articulate gestures of inscription that appropriated an already symbolically charged landscape in a liminal territory and made it durable through site-specific spatial practices and narrative representations.
24
Wiafe, Michael Akenteng, Charles Apprey, and Reginald Adjetey Annan. "Patterns of Dietary Iron Intake, Iron Status, and Predictors of Haemoglobin Levels among Early Adolescents in a Rural Ghanaian District." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (December 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3183281.
Анотація:
Introduction. Early adolescents are vulnerable to anaemia due to lean body mass and menarche. The study assessed patterns of dietary iron intake, iron status, and predictors of anaemia among early adolescents. Method. One hundred and thirty-seven early adolescents were randomly selected in a rural district in Ghana. Multiple-pass 24-hour recall, iron food frequency questionnaire consisting of 27 food items, and semistructured questionnaire were administered. Variables include sociodemographics, dietary factors, and laboratory investigation including haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein examination. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to calculate odds ratio and perform Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square (X2) test, exploratory factor analysis, and partial correlation (r) tests. Results. Participants had mean age of 11.5 years. Three iron dietary patterns explaining 28.7% of the total variance were identified: iron dietary pattern 1 (11%) composed of iron-rich, iron-enhancing, and iron-inhibiting foods; iron dietary pattern 2 (9.9%) comprised of iron-rich, iron-enhancing, and non-iron-inhibiting foods; and iron dietary pattern 3 (7.1%) consisting of stinging nettle, iron-inhibiting foods, non-iron-enhancing foods, non-cocoyam leaves, and non-turkey berries. Meal skipping (X2 = 5.7, p < 0.05 ), times of eating a day (X2 = 12.6, p < 0.05 ), and guardian educational status (X2 = 6.7, p < 0.05 ) significantly affected dietary iron intake. Anaemia was associated with meal skipping (β = 0.367, p > 0.05 ), snacking (β = 0.484, p > 0.05 ), and junior high school (JHS) education (β = 0.544, p > 0.05 ). Partial correlation showed statistically significant relationship between iron dietary pattern 1 and dietary iron (r = −0.234, p < 0.01 ), iron dietary pattern 2 and dietary iron (r = -0.198, p < 0.05 ), iron dietary pattern 2 and vitamin C (r = -0.201, p < 0.05 ), and haemoglobin and ferritin (r = −0.178, p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Meal skipping, guardian educational status, and number of times of eating a day were significantly associated with dietary iron intake. Meal skipping, snacking, and adolescents with JHS education were positively associated with anaemia.
25
Griggs, Carol B., and Sturt W. Manning. "A Reappraisal of the Dendrochronology and Dating of Tille Höyük (1993)." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056046.
Анотація:
The results of a tentative oak tree-ring chronology built from charcoal samples found in Late Bronze to early Iron Age contexts (late 2nd millennium to early 1st millennium BCE) at the site of Tille Höyük in southeast Turkey, and its placement in time, was published in 1993 (Summers 1993). This represented one of the few publications about archaeological dendrochronology for this period and region. However, the dendrochronological sequence and its crossdating have been questioned, including in this journal (Keenan 2002). Here, we critically reassess and revise the dendrochronological positioning of the site's building phases and their place in time by absolutely dating 7 decadal tree-ring sequences via radiocarbon wiggle-matching.
26
Aksu, Tekin, Namık Yaşar Özbek, Murat Söker, Çağrı Coşkun, Zeliha Güzelküçük, Hülya Veysiye Üzel, Neşe Yaralı, Fatma Gümrük, and Şule Ünal. "Comparison of Compliance of Different Iron Chelators Including Original and Bioequivalents of Deferasirox." Acta Medica 51, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/0.actamedica.490.
Анотація:
Objective: The current iron chelation therapy regimens include deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP), and deferasirox (DFX) in transfusion-dependent patients. Compliance with iron-chelating therapy is one of the significant determinants of mortality and morbidities related to iron loading in chronically transfused patients. This survey aims to compare the compliance and the satisfaction of DFO, DFP, and DFX formulations in patients who have iron-overloading in three hematology centers from Turkey. Moreover, bioequivalent (generic) formulations of dispersible DFX tablet compared with the original formulation in terms of taste and treatment compliance.
Patients and Methods: A written questionnaire with a list of pre-set questions was applied to measure patient-reported outcomes to a total of 85 patients, where 77 had beta-thalassemia major, 7 had beta-thalassemia intermedia, and 1 had sickle cell anemia diagnoses.
Results: The patients’ median age at enrollment was 15 years (range 7 – 42). The compliance was below 50% in 8 (18.6%), 4 (16%), and 5 (6.7%) in patients receiving DFO, DFP, and DFX, respectively. Additionally the compliance was below 80% in 16 (37.2%), 9 (36%), and 17 (22.6%) in patients receiving DFO, DFP, and DFX, respectively. It was found that 39 (47%) patients had compliance problems due to the dispersible DFX tablet formulations’ taste, except combination therapies. There was no difference between the currently used oral chelators in terms of taste and treatment compliance.
Conclusion: This study draws attention to compliance problems in patients with iron-loading anemias, partly due to the unpleasant taste of DFX. Improving patient satisfaction and compliance with iron-chelator therapy may reduce complications of iron overload.
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Kocak, Ozdemir, and Omur Esen. "ROUTE DETERMINATION OF HISTORICAL ROADS BY LOCATION OF PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENTS: NORTH OF LAKE EBER." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 4, no. 13 (June 15, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.413002.
Анотація:
Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural heritage in Turkey. These settlements are important for understanding the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the people who had lived in the past. As a matter of fact, these ancient settlements (mounds) and their locations to each other are taken as a basis in understanding the prehistoric routes. In this study, a route is identified beginning from the settlements in the north of a lake called Eber Gölü, which is located in the western part of Turkey. In this project, the study methods of Ancient History, Archaeology and Geodesy, and Photogrammetry Engineering are used. According to that, first old settlements are identified, three-dimensional maps of these settlements are created and dating is carried on based on the ceramics (sherds) that are found on the settlements. All of this data is then overlapped. Successive settlements are observed in the east-west direction in the north of Lake Eber. These settlements reach a large mound called Üçhöyük in the westernmost part. In the east, it extends in different directions. Findings dating back to the 5th millennium BC (Chalcolithic Age) were found in these mounds. It is understood that the ceramics among these finds reflect a common tradition. This also supports the connection between these settlements. It is also possible to see some of these settlements from other settlements by the naked eye. Thus, it can be thought that the settlements in the north of the aforesaid lake have been in contact with each other since the prehistoric period. It can also be said that this relationship started in the Chalcolithic Age, continued during the Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic Period, and Roman Period, because it is determined that the findings (especially sherds) belonging to these periods are very similar.
28
Bozkaya, Ömer, Gülcan Bozkaya, Hüseyin Yılmaz, Deniz Hozatlıoğlu, and David A. Banks. "The origin, age and duration of hydrothermal alteration associated with iron skarn mineralization determined from clay/phyllosilicate minerals, Bizmişen-Erzincan, East-Central Turkey." Ore Geology Reviews 115 (December 2019): 103179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103179.
29
Ünal, Ahmet. "A Hittite treaty tablet from Oylum Höyük in southeastern Turkey and the location of Ḫaššu(wa)". Anatolian Studies 65 (2015): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154615000058.
Анотація:
AbstractIn the summer of 2012 Oylum Höyük yielded its first Hittite cuneiform tablet and thus joined five other Hittite tabletyielding sites in southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria. The tablet was probably removed from a nearby Hittite imperial-period monumental building, which seems to have been the Hittites’ administrative centre at Oylum, and incorporated into Iron Age debris. The wording of the text, in its preserved parts, shares traits with Hittite state treaties. It also has striking similarities with Hittite instruction texts, due to the generic affinities between these two genres. However, on the basis of the overall structure of the Oylum tablet and, most significantly, the inclusion of a list of oath gods at the end of the text, it is proposed that we are dealing here with a treaty. This article clarifies the genre and comprehensible context of the tablet, provides a transliteration and, as far as it is possible, a translation of the text, provides some philological comments and ends with the suggestion that the ancient name of Oylum Höyük was Ḫaššu(wa).
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Momigliano, N., A. Greaves, T. Hodos, B. Aksoy, A. Brown, M. Kibaroğlu, and T. Carter. "Settlement history and material culture in southwest Turkey: report on the 2008–2010 survey at Çaltılar Höyük (northern Lycia)." Anatolian Studies 61 (December 2011): 61–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600008796.
Анотація:
AbstractThis report presents the main results of research activities carried out at Çaltılar Höyük, northern Lycia, southwest Turkey, between 2008 and 2010. During this period, an international team undertook topographic, archaeological and geophysical surveys, together with artefact studies and analyses, aimed at determining the nature and extent of occupation at the site, and offering new data about the settlement history and material culture of this region in pre-Classical times. The results of this work suggest that the site was occupied from at least the fourth millennium (Late Chalcolithic) to the middle of the sixth century BC, a date that coincides with the Persian conquest of Lycia, with only scant evidence of use/occupation after this phase. In addition, the nature of our finds suggests that the site, despite its location in the summer pastures (yayla) and at a considerable altitude (1,250m), was well-connected to other Anatolian and Aegean regions, and probably served as more than just a minor seasonal agro-pastoral settlement, particularly during its Early Bronze Age and Late Iron Age periods of occupation. The evidence relevant to the second millennium BC is too limited at present to allow further interpretation about the nature of occupation at the site, but is significant per se, especially in view of the scanty archaeological remains of this period in the region, and despite the numerous references to the Lukka people and settlements available in documentary sources.
31
Karacic, Steven, and James F. Osborne. "Eastern Mediterranean Economic Exchange during the Iron Age: Portable X-Ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis of Cypriot-Style Pottery in the Amuq Valley, Turkey." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): e0166399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166399.
32
Lawall, Mark L., and Chavdar Tzochev. "New research on Aegean & Pontic transport amphorae of the ninth to first century BC, 2010–2020." Archaeological Reports 66 (November 2020): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s057060842000006x.
Анотація:
Research on transport amphorae in the Aegean and the Black Sea regions during the past decade has progressed significantly, both accumulating, synthesizing and interpreting new and old data, and increasing attention given to previously neglected areas and periods. Much work has been done on identifying places of production, defining typological development and refining chronologies. Greece and Turkey are achieving greater prominence in the field, as is attention to the Early Iron Age. Old debates – such as on the purposes and the meanings of amphora stamps – have been reignited with new ideas and the roles of transport amphorae in socio-economic systems continue to draw attention. Another emerging trend is the effort to consider amphorae in the longue durée. As material grows and the field becomes more cosmopolitan, amphora studies increasingly face the challenge of aggregating and synthesizing data in a way that can encourage participation in the broader dialogues of economic historians.
33
Agbemafle, Isaac, Sarah Francis, Helen Jensen, and Manju Reddy. "Drivers of Perceptions About Turkey Berry and Palm Weevil Larvae Among Ghanaian Women of Reproductive Age: A Mixed Methods Approach." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_001.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives Availability and access to diversity of foods that are affordable for all peoples always is important for achieving food security status (FSS). Hence, this study examined the influence of FSS on women's perception on underutilized foods: iron-rich plant, solanum torvum (turkey berry, TUB) and edible insect, Rhynchophorus phoenicis fabricius (palm weevil larvae, PWL). Methods This cross-sectional study involved 891 women of reproductive age (WRA) from communities in Upper Manya Krobo district, Kumasi Metropolitan, La-Nkwantanang-Madina and Ho municipality in the Eastern, Ashanti, Greater-Accra and Volta regions of Ghana respectively. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, FSS and perceptions about TUB and PWL using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine effect of FSS on perception outcomes. Also, 2 focus group discussions (FGD) of 10 WRA each were conducted in each municipality/district and analyzed for major themes and patterns. Results Mean age was 33 ± 8 y and 36% were food secure. High favorable perception about TUB was 60.9% compared to 17.4% for PWL. WRA residing in big towns in the Greater-Accra region were 2.5 times more likely to have high favorable perceptions about TUB and 4.8 times more likely to have low favorable perceptions about PWL compared to WRA in small towns in the Volta region (P = 0.03). Compared to food insecure WRA, food secure WRA were 2.9 times more likely to have high favorable perceptions about TUB and 4.5 times more likely to have low favorable perceptions about PWL (P = 0.001). FGD participants identified TUB as “the blood-giving plant” and PWL as “the meat of delight”. TUB use barriers included its “hard to grind numerous seeds”, “bitter taste” and “funny smell”. PWL use barriers included “it's like a maggot” and “it's scarce”. FGD participants requested education on nutritional benefits of TUB and PWL and processing of these foods into products that can be liked by everyone. Conclusions Drivers of favorable perception about TUB and PWL were region of residence and FSS. Nutrition education and local processing of TUB and PWL into ready-to-use products is recommended as a low-cost sustainable strategy for improving nutrient density of complementary and household foods in communities where these foods are culturally accepted. Funding Sources Iowa State University.
34
Scheckel, Caleb J., Didar Yanardag Acik, Aneel A. Ashrani, C. Christopher Hook, Lindsey Ann Kluck, Ariela L. Marshall, Rajiv K. Pruthi, et al. "Desideromastica: Tactile Chew Cravings in Iron Deficiency Anemia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127306.
Анотація:
Introduction: The compulsive craving and consumption of non-food substances, known as pica, is a well-documented symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Olfactory cravings associated with IDA are a recently described phenomenon known as desiderosmia. In our practice we observed a subset of patients with IDA who report specific tactile cravings associated with mastication. Methods: This study included patients from the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) and Ankara Training and Research Hospital (Ankara, Turkey) Hematology practices who self-reported tactile mastication cravings during initial evaluation for IDA between 1/1/18 and 6/30/19. Information including sociodemographics, substance craved, values of hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and ferritin before and after iron replacement therapy, and symptom resolution after treatment were recorded. Results: We observed 12 patients with IDA who self-reported chew cravings during initial evaluation. All patients were female and the median age was 41.5 years (33-59). Of these 12 patients, median baseline Hgb, MCV, and ferritin were 9.4 g/dL (6.6-12.9), 73.7 fL (59.1-95.1), and 6 µg/L (2-21), respectively. Tactile cravings included chewing gum (3), mastic gum (2), ginseng (1), dry oats (1), crackers (1), pickles (1), chips (1), sawdust (1), and knitting rope (1). Many patients reported the frequency and satisfaction of these cravings resulted in jaw pain as well as the persistence of cravings despite this discomfort. Only 16.7% (2/12) reported concurrent ice pica. In total, 9 patients proceeded with observed treatment of their IDA with clinical follow-up and laboratory confirmation of iron repletion. Oral (ferrous glyconate or ferrous fumarate) and intravenous (ferric carboxymaltose, iron sucrose, or low molecular weight iron dextran) iron replacement were used in 33.3% (3/9) and 66.7% (6/9) patients, respectively. Post-treatment median laboratory values include: Hgb 12.7 g/dL (10.8-14.7), MCV 80.1 fL (76.1-91.7), and ferritin 98 µg/L (24-398). Overall, 88.9% (8/9) reported resolution of chew cravings after iron repletion. The lone patient with persistent symptoms had a baseline ferritin of 10 µg/L, improved to 398 µg/L after replacement, and settled back at 42 µg/L three months later. Discussion: Our patient experience provides suggestive evidence that oral tactile craving symptoms, distinct from ice pica, exists in a subset of patients suffering from IDA. For this, we propose the term "desideromastica" derived from the Latin words "desiderare" for desire and "mastica" for chew. "Desidero" can also be indicative of a reduction in iron, which relates to iron deficiency. Our hope in naming this relatively unexplored symptom associated with IDA will encourage additional clinicians to share their experience and guide future investigation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ludwig, Arne, Monika Reissmann, Norbert Benecke, Rebecca Bellone, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Michael Cieslak, Gloria G. Fortes, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Michael Hofreiter, and Melanie Pruvost. "Twenty-five thousand years of fluctuating selection on leopard complex spotting and congenital night blindness in horses." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1660 (January 19, 2015): 20130386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0386.
Анотація:
Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus, LP , which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the TRPM1 gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence of LP spotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in the LP associated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli–Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700–2200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However, LP seems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age, LP reappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times.
36
Karimi, Mehran, Tahereh Zarei, Sezaneh Haghpanah, Azita Azarkeivan, Christos Kattamis, Vassilis Ladis, Yurdanur Kilinc, et al. "Evaluation of Endocrine Complications in Beta-Thalassemia Intermedia Patients: A Cross Sectional Multi-Center Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110903.
Анотація:
Abstract The diagnosis of beta thalassemia intermedia (BTI) is mainly based on the severity of clinical phenotype. It is associated with a wide range of specific complications including extramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, gallstones, hypercoagulable state, pulmonary hypertension (PHT), endocrine disorders and osteoporosis. The commonest endocrine complication in beta thalassemia major (TM) patients is hypogonadism followed by hypothyroidism and diabetes but the data on endocrine disorders in BTI patients are scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of endocrine complications in a large series of BTI patients. Methods: In this multi-countries cross-sectional study, all BTI patients registered at 12 thalassemic treatment centers in Iran (2 Centers), Italy (2 Centers), Greece, Turkey (2 centers), Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Cyprus and United Kingdom were enrolled during 2017. Non transfusion- dependent beta-thalassemia patients or those who received blood transfusion 3-4 times or less annually, were evaluated. Required information was collected from medical records using a designed questionnaire. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and laboratory data included age, sex, splenectomy, type of treatment (blood transfusion, iron chelation, hydroxyurea), hormonal assays, bone mineral density, calcium -phosphorous metabolism, serum ferritin, liver function tests, fetal and total hemoglobin levels,, platelet and nucleated red blood cell counts, were collected. Results: A total of 721 BTI patients were enrolled in the survey from 9 countries. The most prevalent disease-related complications were osteoporosis (21.6%) and hypogonadism (12.6%) followed by: central hypothyroidism (8.3%), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (7.8%), primary hypothyroidism (5.5%), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (4.2%), hypoparathyroidism (2.2%), growth hormone deficiency (1.1%), adrenal mass (1%) and thyroid cancer (0.5%). Conclusion: This study evaluated the largest cohort of BTI patients with endocrine disorders. Although BTI patients are non-transfusion dependent or only occasionally transfused, iron-overload due to increased intestinal iron absorption and enhanced bone marrow activity cause endocrine disorders and osteoporosis. This study demonstrate that although endocrine complications are less common in patients with BTI compared to data reported in literature in TM patients , a regular monitoring with timely diagnosis and proper management underscoring on osteoporosis and gonadal disorders are crucial to prevent endocrine complications in these patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ozel, Sule, Selen Yaman, Hatice Kansu-Celik, Necati Hancerliogullari, Nurgul Balci, and Yaprak Engin-Ustun. "Obstetric Outcomes among Syrian Refugees: A Comparative Study at a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in Turkey." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 11 (October 11, 2018): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673427.
Анотація:
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze and compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between Syrian refugees and ethnic Turkish women. Methods Retrospective, observational study. A total of 576 Syrian refugees and 576 ethnic Turkish women were included in this study, which was conducted between January 2015 and December 2015 at a tertiary maternity training hospital in Ankara, Turkey. The demographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared. The primary outcomes were pregnancy outcomes and cesarean rates between the groups Results The mean age was significantly lower in the refugee group (p < 0.001). Mean gravidity, proportion of adolescent pregnancies, proportion of pregnant women aged 12 to 19 years, and number of pregnancies at < 18 years were significantly higher among the refugee women (p < 0.001). Rates of antenatal follow-up, double testing, triple testing, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening, and iron replacement therapy were significantly lower in the refugee group (p < 0.001). The primary Cesarean section rate was significantly lower in the refugee group (p = 0.034). Pregnancies in the refugee group were more complicated, with higher rates of preterm delivery (< 37 weeks), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and low birth weight (< 2,500 g) when compared with the control group (4.2% versus 0.7%, p < 0.001; 1.6% versus 0.2%, p = 0.011; and 12% versus 5.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). Low education level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5–0.1), and weight gain during pregnancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.5–0.1) were found to be significant indicators for preterm birth/PPROM and low birthweight. Conclusion Syrian refugees had increased risks of certain adverse obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, PPROM, lower birth weight, and anemia. Several factors may influence these findings; thus, refugee women would benefit from more targeted care during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Sollee, Alexander E., Hannah Mönninghoff, Ekin Kozal, Doğa Karakaya, Joëlle Heim, and Selin Gür. "The Development of the Southeast Lower Town of Sirkeli Höyük." Altorientalische Forschungen 47, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 215–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2020-0011.
Анотація:
AbstractThe site of Sirkeli Höyük in the province of Adana in modern Turkey is one of the largest settlement mounds in Plain Cilicia. In 2012, a geophysical survey revealed that the ancient settlement was not confined to the höyük, but also encompassed an extensive lower town to the southeast of the main mound. To gain information on the dating and development of this part of the settlement, an excavation area (“Sector F”) was opened at a spot where the magnetometry survey suggested the presence of a city gate. Since then, archaeological work in this area has continuously produced new discoveries that help us understand how this residential area and its inhabitants developed throughout the periods of its occupation. Especially the Iron Age (Neo Cilician period) levels, which cover approximately the 11th–7th centuries B.C., provide important information on how this urban center of the Neo Hittite kingdom Hiyawa/Que changed over time and to which extent historical events impacted the people living in one of its residential areas. This contribution discusses the stratigraphic sequence, the pottery, and the archaeobotanical remains discovered in Sector F during the 2013–2019 campaigns, and concludes with a synthesis of the development in this area from a historical perspective.
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Güneri, Semih. "Cultural connections between Anatolia and Caucasus-Central Asia during the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (in the light of the Sos Höyük excavations, 1987 and north-eastern Turkey Surveys, carried out between 1985-1997)." Anatolia Antiqua 10, no. 1 (2002): 11–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/anata.2002.973.
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Biber, Hanifi. "Spatial relationships of life and death at The Foothills of Süphan during The Iron AgesDemir Çağları’nda, Süphan Dağı eteklerinde yaşam ve ölümün mekânsal ilişkileri." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 2 (August 21, 2016): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3846.
Анотація:
In this article, Muş province, Malazgirt in the borders, the Suphan Mountain foothill located and by us Early and Middle Iron Age (ca 1300-600) dated Belliahır location of the settlements and tombs, Civikan location of the settlement and tombs and Kaşıkcı Plateau settlement and the layout of settlement tombs, in other words, is being evaluated how the each other relationships with graves and space. We were collected by archaeological material examining the surface of these areas, through in situ research, photography, made architectural drawings in detail between 2010 and 2011 years. The field work was done with permission and participation of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism, later work was complemented by laboratory and made by assessments our team. Life and death in the life of mankind has always been two cases. People born, live for a certain time, and this process ends sooner or later confronts death and called reality. The relationship between these two cases, it is natural that the earth is provided to the places. So while the life of the living is kept on the area, the death is connected with burial. From the moment that there are two different words that mankind has always been associated with each other. However, spatial fiction has varied according to time and society. Sometimes into the places where they lived their dead under the floors of houses or terraces, sometimes theycreated out of the living space, which vary according to the different types of burial customs were embedded in the grave. Article spaces that both living areas subject to thearchaeological centers (house) and graves are found. However, in these centers in archeology, the application before the Iron Age can rarely be seen, space, and in the same area of the tomb, the situation is said to be built in a way too close together. This perspective both places and tombs used stone size and construction techniques, also both burial plans and results of the piece pottery periodical analysis is understood in the Iron Age. Muş province, Malazgirt in the borders, had Belliahır location of the settlements and tombs, Civikan settlement and tombs and Kaşıkcı Plateau settlement and tombs have a special case. ÖzetBu makalede, Muş İli, Malazgirt İlçesi sınırları içerisinde, Süphan Dağı eteklerinde yer alan ve tarafımızdan Erken ve Orta Demir Çağlarına (yaklaşık M.Ö. 1300-600) tarihlendirilen Belliahır Mevkii Yerleşme ve Mezarları, Civikan Yerleşim ve Mezarları ile Kaşıkçı Yaylası Yerleşim ve Mezarları’nın yerleşim düzeni, diğer bir deyişle mekan ve mezarların birbiriyle konumsal ilişkileri değerlendirilmektedir. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’nın izinleriyle, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında yaptığımız yüzey araştırmalarında tespit edilen söz konusu merkezler yerinde incelenerek, fotoğrafları çekilmiş, mimari çizimler yapılmış ve izinlerimiz kapsamında arkeolojik materyal toplanmıştır. Daha sonra laboratuarlarımızda ekibimiz tarafından yapılan çalışmalar ve değerlendirmelerle çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Yaşam ve ölüm insanoğlunun hayatında hep var olagelmiş iki olgudur. İnsanlar doğar, belli bir süre yaşar ve er geç bu süreç biter ve ölüm denilen gerçekle yüzleşilir. Bu iki olgunun yeryüzüyle ilişkisi doğaldır ki mekânlarla sağlanmaktadır. Yani hayat yaşam alanlarında sürerken ölüm mezarlarla bağlantılıdır. İnsanoğlunun var olduğu andan itibaren bu iki farklı dünya sürekli olarak birbiriyle ilişkili olmuştur. Ancak mekânsal kurguları zamana ve toplumlara göre değişkenlik göstermiştir. İnsanlar kimi zaman ölülerini yaşadıkları mekânların içine, evlerin tabanı veya sekilerin altına, kimi zaman da yaşam alanlarının dışında oluşturdukları, gömü geleneklerine göre değişiklik gösteren farklı tiplerdeki mezarlara gömmüşlerdir. Makaleye konu arkeolojik merkezlerde de hem yaşam alanları olan mekânlar (evler) hem de mezarlar bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu merkezlerde bölge arkeolojisinde, Demir Çağ öncesinde uygulaması pek görülmeyen, mekân ve mezarların aynı alanda, birbirine çok yakın bir şekilde inşa edilme durumu söz konusudur. Bu açıdan gerek mekânlarda ve mezarlarda kullanılan taşların boyut ve inşa teknikleri, gerek mezar planları ve gerekse merkezlerde ele geçen çanak çömlek parçaların dönemsel analizleri sonucu Demir Çağları’na ait oldukları anlaşılan Muş İli, Malazgirt ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Belliahır Mevkii Yerleşme ve Mezarları, Civikan Yerleşim ve Mezarları ile Kaşıkçı Yaylası Yerleşim ve Mezarları özel bir duruma sahiptirler.
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Cappellini, Maria, Mohamed Bejaoui, Silverio Perrotta, Leyla Agaoglu, Antonios Kattamis, Patricia Giardina, Gritta Janka-Schaub, Herbert Opitz, Catherine Ressayre-Djaffer та Daniele Alberti. "Phase III Evaluation of Once-Daily, Oral Therapy with ICL670 (Exjade®) Versus Deferoxamine in Patients with β-Thalassemia and Transfusional Hemosiderosis." Blood 104, № 11 (16 листопада 2004): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3619.3619.
Анотація:
Abstract ICL670 (deferasirox) is an investigational once-daily oral iron chelator that has demonstrated the ability to induce sustained, clinically relevant reductions in liver iron content (LIC) in heavily transfused patients with β-thalassemia and iron overload. The efficacy and safety of ICL670 is being assessed in a multicenter, randomized, open-label Phase III study in comparison with deferoxamine (DFO) in patients aged ≥2 years with β-thalassemia and transfusional hemosiderosis. Between March and November 2003, 587 patients began treatment (296 on ICL670; 291 on DFO) in the following 12 countries : Italy (200), Turkey (87), Tunisia (68), US (48), Greece (46), Germany (27), Argentina (24), Belgium (24), Brazil (20), UK (18), Canada (13) and France (12). Based on LIC at baseline (2–3, >3–7, >7–14 and >14 mg Fe/g dw), patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral ICL670 once daily at doses of 5, 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg, respectively, or subcutaneous DFO at doses of 20–60 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week. Treatment was for one year initially, to be followed by an extension phase during which patients randomized to DFO may switch to ICL670. LIC, the primary outcome variable, was assessed at baseline by liver biopsy or, in some children, non-invasively by magnetic susceptometry using a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). LIC will be reassessed after 12 months of therapy in each patient using the same methodology as at baseline. Liver biopsies are analyzed at a single center (Rennes, France) and SQUID assessments are performed in 3 centers (Turin, Italy; Hamburg, Germany; Oakland, US). At baseline, median (25–75th percentiles) LIC was 13.0 mg Fe/g dw (7.2–21.0) by biopsy and 5.6 (4.0–7.7) in those patients assessed by SQUID. Total body iron balance will be assessed to determine the relative chelation efficacies of ICL670 and DFO. A summary of patient demographics and baseline characteristics (median values or no. of pts) is given in the table. ICL670 has been well tolerated with mild, transient gastrointestinal complaints as the main AEs with a suspected relationship to study drug. As of May 2004, 8 patients on ICL670 and 2 on DFO had discontinued therapy due to AEs. The key efficacy and safety data from the initial 12 months of therapy for all randomized patients will be available late November 2004. Treatment group (by initial dose) ICL670 (n=296) Deferoxamine (n=291) 10 mg/kg n = ≤ 94 20 mg/kg n = 83 30 mg/kg n = 119 <35 mg/kg n = 51 35-<50 mg/kg n = 119 ≥ 50 mg/kg n = 121 Age (yrs) median 15 15 15 15 14 17 No. of pts 2 - <16 years 49 44 60 26 63 56 No. of ≥ pts 16 yrs 45 39 59 25 56 65 No. of males/females 44/50 41/42 54/65 32/19 50/69 61/60 LIC (mg Fe/g dry weight) 4.7 10.6 21.8 4.5 9.1 19.5 No. of pts with biopsy/SQUID* 60/34 69/14 117/0* 36/15 93/26 119/2 Serum ferritin (ng/ml) 1881 1954 3250 1546 2037 2383
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Yesilipek, M. Akif, Gulsun Karasu, Zuhre Kaya, Baris B. Kuskonmaz, Vedat Uygun, Ilkiz Dag, Asli Birkent, and Mehmet Ertem. "Interim Results from a Phase 2, Multicenter, Single-Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Deferasirox after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Beta-Thalassemia Major." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.959.959.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is being increasingly used as curative therapy for severe disorders of the hematopoietic system and transfusional iron overload (TIO) contributes considerably to treatment-related morbidity and mortality after HSCT. Management of iron overload in the post-HSCT setting may be complicated since the use of therapeutic phlebotomies is often not feasible due to ongoing anemia and compliance to deferoxamine is low. Studies that evaluate the safety dose of deferasirox (DFX), which is the most commonly used chelation therapy, in this setting are limited. Purpose & Methods: This is a prospective, phase 2, multicenter, single-arm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iron chelation with oral DFX in beta-thalassemia major (TM) patients who have undergone HSCT. The study was conducted in 7 centers from Turkey. The primary objective was to evaluate if DFX could provide clinically safe chelation in a target pool of 26 pediatric patients with TIO within a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 2 years after related/unrelated HSCT. Patients had to be transfusion-independent and have iron overload at screening defined by serum ferritin (SF) of >1000 μg/L or cardiac MRI T2* <20 ms or liver iron concentration (LIC, by MRI R2) of ≥5 mg/g. The study included male and female TM patients ≥2 to <18 years old who had undergone HSCT with a washout period from immunosuppressive therapy of at least 3 months. Patients received DFX at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg/day with up titration every 3 months by 5 mg/kg/day per investigator judgment to a maximum of 20 mg/kg/day. Therapy continued for 52 weeks or until SF reached below 500 μg/L. Aside from AE monitoring, assessments were undertaken at baseline and every 28 days (unless closer assessments were need for dose initiation and adjustment) and included complete blood counts, biochemistry and urinalysis, and SF. MRI assessment of liver (R2) and cardiac (T2*) iron were also conducted at baseline and 52 weeks. Results: Interim data from the first 18 of 26 patients (mean age 8.3 years, 66.7% males) who completed 12 months follow up are presented in this analysis. A total of 97 AEs were recorded in the 18 patients. The majority of AEs were of Grade I (n=57) or II (n=34) severity. Five (5.2%) were suspected to be related to study drug and 6 AEs (6.2%) were considered serious. Five (5.2%) AEs resulted in study drug temporary interruption or dose adjustment, 2 (2.1%) required hospitalization, 54 (55.7%) required concomitant medication, while 36 (37.1%) had no action taken. Three patients had dose decrease due to AEs. The dose was re-escalated up to 20 mg/kg/day after the AEs resolved. In total, 11 (61.1%) patients achieved 20 mg/kg/day. Only one patient dropped out due to progressive ALT increase. Median ALT level decreased from 26 IU/L (range: 10-117) at baseline to 18 IU/L (range: 9-101) at week 52. The median SCr was similar at baseline 0.4 mg/dL (range: 0.2-0.6) and week 52 0.4 mg/dL (range: 0.2-0.8). Median cystatin C was similar at baseline 0.7 mg/mL (range: 0.6-0.9) and week 52 0.7 mg/mL (range: 0.5-1.1) (Figure 1A-B). Five patients had proteinuria at baseline and increased proteinuria compared to previous visit by dipstick analysis was described in 7 (38.9%) patients, irrespective of DFX dose by 52 weeks. No patient with proteinuria required any dose adjustments by 52 weeks. SF significantly and consistently decreased throughout the 52 weeks from a median of 1752.3 μg/L (range: 873.7-2716) to 915.2 μg/L (range: 250.1-2740), p<0.001 (Figure 2). At week 52, 6 (33.3%) patients had reached SF <500 μg/L. LIC also significantly decreased from a median of 9.9 mg/g (range: 4.8-43) to 4.1 mg/g (range 0.9-8.5), p<0.001. Cardiac T2* increased from a median of 26.1 ms (range: 18.7-41) to 28.8 ms (18.5-44), p=0.605. Conclusions: Our preliminary results showed that DFX up to 20 mg/kg/day is safe and effective in reducing iron burden for TM patients following HSCT. This was evident through significant reductions of systemic, hepatic and cardiac iron overload. Final data from the completed study should confirm these findings and establish the role for DFX in this patient population. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 3. Disclosures Dag: Novartis: Employment. Birkent:Novartis: Employment.
43
Mameghani, Shiva Saeighi, and Ercümend Ersanlı. "Comparison of Turkish and Iranian University Students’ Forgiveness, Tolerance and Happiness Levels." Journal of Educational Issues 4, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v4i2.13784.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to compare the levels of forgiveness, tolerance and happiness of university students in terms of different variables (gender, age, marital status and program) in Turkey and Iran. A total of 1234 (797 female and 437 male) university students, between 18 and 23 years old, who were studying at Hacettepe University and Ondokuz Mayıs University in Turkey and Tehran University and Tabriz University in Iran, participated in the study. They completed three data collection instruments: the Oxford Happiness Scale (OMO), Tolerance Scale (TO) and Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). The analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS 23 statistical program. The results of the statistical analyses showed that the happiness and tolerance levels of university students in Turkey and Iran differ according to gender, age, marital status and educational status variables. However, when the same variables were considered, there was no significant difference in forgiveness levels. Finally, the findings were discussed in reference to previous studies.
44
Elalfy, Mohsen Saleh, Shebl Said Shebl, Mohamed A. Badr, Usama R. Elsafy, Mostafa A. Salama, Youssef Al-Tonbary, Yousryeia Abdel Rahman, et al. "Frequency of Agranulocytosis and Mild Neutropenia During Deferiprone Therapy in Clinical Practice." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.996.996.
Анотація:
Abstract Abstract 996 The incidence of agranulocytosis during deferiprone (Ferriprox®) use has been reported in clinical trials where patients' neutrophil counts were generally monitored weekly and deferiprone was discontinued at the first sign of neutropenia (neutrophil count < 1.5 × 10 9/L), but the incidence in a less rigorously monitored environment is unknown. This observational, open label, prospective, multi-centre, non-interventional drug surveillance program was designed to assess how the safety of deferiprone therapy is monitored in clinical practice. All patients in the 15 participating treatment sites (Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Turkey) who initiated therapy with deferiprone during the observation period, were enrolled in the program. There were no exclusion criteria. The program was approved by local ethics boards and informed consent was obtained. 294 patients (53.4% males) were enrolled and the results of the first year of treatment are reported herein. Mean (SD) age of all patients was 12.2 ± 10.1 years (range 1 to 52 years old). 224 (76%) were children (93 of which were 1–5 years; 83 were 6–11 years and 48 were 12–17 years old). The majority of the patients had a diagnosis of Thalassemia Major (N= 261). The other patients had Thalassemia Intermedia (N=17), Sickle Cell Disease (N=9), Spherocytosis (N=3), Red Cell Aplasia/Diamond Blackfan Anemia (N=2), Immune Hemolytic Anemia (N=1) or Sideroblastic Anemia (N=1). Deferiprone was initiated as monotherapy (20 to 100 mg/kg/day) in 247 patients or added to deferoxamine therapy in 41 patients or to deferasirox in 6 patients. Serum ferritin was the common measure of iron overload in all 294 patients. Measurement of cardiac (CIC) and liver iron content (LIC) were conducted within 1 year prior to enrollment in 16 patients. Frequency of those measurements and the technique for those assessments varied among participating centers. CIC and LIC were assessed in 14 patients during the first year of follow up. At completion of 1 year of observation, the mean serum ferritin of the 282 patients who had a baseline and at least one follow up assessment had declined from 2858 ± 2481 to 2454 ± 2074 μg/L (p<0.0001). Monitoring of the neutrophil count was conducted at an average interval of 5 ± 4 weeks (1 week to 6 months). One patient (0.3%) experienced agranulocytosis, which resolved with G-CSF 8 days after discontinuation of deferiprone. Ten patients (3.4%) experienced neutropenia (neutrophil count <1.5 × 109/L but not <0.5 × 109/L). One neutropenia was related to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Deferiprone therapy was interrupted at diagnosis of AML, considered not related to DFP; and the patient was withdrawn from the program. Two patients had two episodes of neutropenia. All neutropenias, except the one associated with AML, resolved within 51 ± 48 days (range 8 to 167 days). Deferiprone therapy was continued in 7 episodes of neutropenia (time for resolution was 28 ± 24 days (range 8 to 67 days)). Deferiprone was interrupted in the remaining 4 episodes (time for resolution was 93 ± 55 days (range 35 to 167 days). None of the neutropenias progressed to agranulocytosis. The data from this observational study indicate that less frequent monitoring of the neutrophil count and continued deferiprone therapy during neutropenia was not associated with prolonged duration of the neutropenia or progression to agranulocytosis. Further evaluation of this observation is warranted. Disclosures: Elalfy: ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Off Label Use: In USA, FERRIPROX® (deferiprone) is an iron chelator indicated for the treatment of patients with transfusional iron overload due to thalassemia syndromes when current chelation therapy is inadequate. Shebl:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Badr:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Elsafy:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Salama:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Al-Tonbary:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Abdel Rahman:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Qari:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Al Damnhouri:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Al Hawsawi:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Wali:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Yesilipek:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Kilinc:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Yazman:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Karakas:ApoPharma Inc.: Research Funding. Tricta:ApoPharma Inc.: Employment.
45
Rothman, Mitchell S., and Gülriz Kozbe. "Muş in the Early Bronze Age." Anatolian Studies 47 (December 1997): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642902.
Анотація:
In 1991 a crew of American, Canadian, and Turkish researchers began a new and comprehensive survey in the Muş Province of Eastern Turkey. The goal of the survey was to study the evolution of settlement and landuse in a marginal zone at the intersection of four great culture areas of the Middle East: Central Anatolia, Western Iran, the Transcaucasus, and Mesopotamia.This area of Eastern Turkey had been visited previously by I. K. Kökten in 1940s (1947) and Charles Burney in 1950s (1958). Given the large area these surveyors covered and their limited means of transportation, and given the newly excavated material coming from north of the great Taurus mountain massif and from Van (e.g., Sagona 1994, Sagona et al 1992, Çilingiroğlu 1987, 1988), a more comprehensive effort appeared warranted. The first season was six weeks in duration. During that time we re-visited 17 of the sites found by Kökten and Burney, and located 11 new sites. A second season was launched in 1993 with the aim of covering areas not surveyed previously (see Figure 1), mostly in the northern foothills and higher elevations near Hamurpet Lake. Unfortunately, conditions did not permit us to do a second season, nor is a season in the very near future likely. We, therefore, will be publishing the results we have already arrived at, aware that our sample is not complete.
46
Kuniholm, Peter Ian. "Cities and Citadels in Turkey: From the Iron Age to the Seljuks, edited by Scott Redford and Nina Ergin. Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Supplement 40. Leuven: Peeters, 2013. x + 346 pp., 195 figures, 1 table. Cloth. €86.00. [Distributed in North America by ISD Distribution]." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 372 (November 2014): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.372.0230.
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Gates, Charles. "Scott Redford & Nina Ergin (ed.). Cities and citadels in Turkey: from the Iron Age to the Seljuks (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 40). x+346 pages, numerous colour and b&w illustrations. 2013. Leuven: Peeters; 978-90-429-2712-4 hardback €86." Antiquity 88, no. 340 (June 1, 2014): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00101371.
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Nutman, Allen P., Mohammad Mohajjel, Vickie C. Bennett, and Chris L. Fergusson. "Gondwanan Eoarchean–Neoproterozoic ancient crustal material in Iran and Turkey: zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic evidence." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 3 (March 2014): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0138.
Анотація:
The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone is a basement culmination northeast of the Neo-Tethys suture in Iran. In this zone near Azna, granite has a magmatic zircon U–Pb age of 568 ± 11 Ma, with 900–800, ca. 2400, and ca. 3600 Ma inherited cores. The ca. 3600 Ma inherited zircon is the oldest crustal component yet detected in Iran. Near Chadegan, orthogneiss has a magmatic zircon U–Pb age of 637 ± 15 Ma, and carries ca. 1000 and 2000 Ma inherited zircons. Inherited 900–1000 Ma zircons have juvenile initial εHf values of ca. +8 to +9, whereas the younger 630 and 568 Ma magmatic zircons show lower initial εHf values; however, the 3600 Ma core has initial εHf = 0.0. A Neoproterozoic rim on the inherited 3600 Ma core has the most extreme initial εHf value of −18. The Hf isotopic data indicates generation of the magmatic protoliths from a mixture of juvenile Neoproterozoic and Archean sources. Previous studies showed that in Turkey the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex is underlain by Neo-Eoarchean rocks, the Menderes Massif contains Neoproterozoic granitoids, and that central Iran’s basement and the northern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone contain Neoproterozoic granitic rocks. This basement terrane is from Gondwana, and was transferred across Paleo-Tethys to dock against Eurasia’s southern margin. Occurrence in Iran and Turkey of Eoarchean crust raises the possibility of sinistral migration of this terrane in the closure of Tethys because the nearest known early Archean crust occurs in northeast India.
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Denayer, Julien, and Izzet Hoşgör. "First report of Devonian corals from the Bitlis-Pötürge Massif (SE Turkey): a rare occurrence of corals on the northern margin of Gondwana." Geologica Acta 19 (January 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2021.19.1.
Анотація:
The Bitlis-Pötürge Massif of SE Turkey is a metamorphic belt separating the Arabian Plate from the Taurides. It includes a non-metamorphic Palaeozoic sequence that contains locally fossiliferous strata. Here is reported for the first time an assemblage of Upper Devonian rugose and tabulate corals from the Meydan Formation, composed of the rugose Frechastraea schafferi (PENECKE), Peneckiella cf. teicherti HILL, Pseudopexiphyllum supradevonicum (PENECKE), and Macgeea desioi VON SCHOUPPÉ, and the tabulate Thamnopora reticulata (DE BLAINVILLE), Alveolites ex. gr. suborbicularis and Scoliopora sp. The rugose corals suggest a Late Frasnian age. The palaeobiogeographic affinities of corals are discussed. The species F. schafferi and the genus Pseudopexiphyllum –so far only reported from Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan– are probably limited to the northern margin of Gondwana and therefore diagnostic for this palaeogeographic area. Until now, the northern margin of Gondwana yielded very few Upper Devonian corals so this occurrence in SE Turkey is particularly important to estimate the relationship between these corals and the ones from the northern margin of the Palaeotethys Ocean.
50
Stanley, William R. "Syria’s ordeal: A modern state’s disintegration in an age of fake news and superpower regional rivalry." Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 8 (December 30, 2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.04.
Анотація:
The negative impact of globalization is readily observed in today’s Syria. Ravished by seven years of internal conflict stimulated initially by Tunisia’s Arab awakening, this once proud state has become a magnet for religious fanatics and their wealthy sponsors in conservative Saudi Arabia and other countries far and near seeking geopolitical advantage. Not least Syria has experienced the seemingly futile endeavors by those in the United Nations and elsewhere seeking a solution to this country’s enduring turmoil. Military intervention by Iran and Russia has changed the configuration of the conflict at the critical point in time when Israeli and American intervention provides a dangerous environment for superpower conflict. All the while, Syrians remaining in the country suffer, and those seeking safety elsewhere are threatening to destabilize Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan and, farther afield, the cohesion of the European Community.