Дисертації з теми "Joint and spine"
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Baria, Dinah. "Sacroiliac Joint Biomechanics and Effects of Fusion." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/466.
Анотація:
Lumbar spine fusion (LSF) is a common surgical procedure used in the treatment of lower back pain. Numerous studies have been conducted investigating the effects of LSF. Biomechanical studies have found that mechanical changes at adjacent joints create cumulative stress and pain, while clinical studies suggest that many patients develop symptomatic adjacent segmental disease (ASD) following LSF, which may necessitate additional surgery. Recently, ASD pain following LSF has been attributed to accelerated sacroiliac (SI) joint degeneration. Normal SI joints are mobile segments adjacent to the lumbosacral spine articulation and it has been hypothesized that altered biomechanics at the SI joints due to LSF could accelerate degeneration of the joints. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the biomechanics at the SI joints and to determine whether LSF causes biomechanical changes at the SI joints. Six cadaver pelves were tested in flexion/extension, torsion, double leg compression and single leg compression, under four conditions: 1) intact, 2) after a 360 degree instrumented fusion at L4-5, 3) after a 360 degree instrumented lumbosacral fusion at L4-S1 and 4) after a unilateral SI joint fusion. Anterior and posterior SI joint movements were recorded during the study, along with load/displacement data. This study proved that motion does exist at the SI joints, although it is quite variable between specimens and between right and left SI joints within an individual specimen. It was also determined that changes in biomechanics do occur at the SI joints following fusion (L4-5, L4-S1 and unilateral SI joint fusion). Anteriorly, an overall increase in motion was detected at the SI joints during axial compression as fusions were performed. The posterior SI joints also demonstrated increased motion, however, this increase was detected in all of the parameters tested (flexion/extension, torsion and axial compression). However, due to the small number and variability of specimens tested, significance could not be established. The results of this study may help surgeons make more informed decisions, by being made aware of SI joint degeneration as a possible side effect of fusion surgeries, and taking that into consideration when determining a treatment plan.
2
Behnami, Delaram. "Joint multimodal registration of medical images to a statistical model of the lumbar spine for spine anesthesia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59570.
Анотація:
Facet joint injections and epidural needle insertions are widely used for spine anesthesia. Needle guidance is usually performed by fluoroscopy or palpation, resulting in radiation exposure and multiple needle re-insertions. Several ultrasound (US)-based guidance approaches have been proposed to eliminate such issues.However, but they have not widely accepted in clinics due to difficulties in interpretation of the complex spinal anatomy in US, which leads to clinicians' lack of confidence in relying only on information derived from US for needle guidance.
In this thesis, a model-based multi-modal joint registration framework is introduced, where a statistical model of the lumbar spine is concurrently registered to intraprocedure US and easy-to-interpret preprocedure images. The goal is to take advantage of the complementary features visible in US and preprocedure images, namely Computed Topography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) scans. Two versions of a lumbar spine statistical model are employed: a shape+pose model and a shape+pose+scale model. The underlying assumption is that the shape and size of the spine of a given subject are common amongst all imaging modalities . However, the pose of the spine changes from one modality to another, as the patient's position is different at different image acquisitions. The proposed method has been successfully validated on two datasets: (i) 10 pairs of US and CT scans and (ii) nine US and MR images of the lumbar spine. Using the shape+pose+scale model on the US+CT dataset, mean surface distance error of 2.42 mm for CT and mean Target Registration Error (TRE) of 3.14 mm for US were achieved. As for the US+MR dataset, TRE of 2.62 mm and 4.20 mm for the MR and US images, respectively. Both models models were equally accurate on the US+CT dataset. For US+MR, the shape+pose+scale model outperformed the shape+pose model. The joint registration allows augmentation of important anatomical landmarks in both intraprocedure US and preprocedure domains. Furthermore, observing the patient-specific model in preprocedure domains allows the clinicians to assess the local registration accuracy qualitatively. This can increase their confidence in using the US model for deriving needle guidance decisions.Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
3
Vandlen, Kimberly A. "A Nonlinear Contact Algorithm Predicting Facet Joint Contribution in the Lumbar Spine." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236608927.
4
Coombs, Matthew T. "Development of an experimental method to identify structural properties of the intervertebral joint after spine staple implantation under simulated physiologic loads." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1322052236.
5
Gerber, Joel M. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Facet Bone Dowels in the Lumbar Spine." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438959810.
6
Joukar, Amin. "Gender Specific Sacroiliac Joint Biomechanics: A Finite Element Study." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1503595542705189.
7
Araujo, Luciane Farias de. "Aplicabilidade de analise corporal e de rocabado na avaliação postural de individuos com e sem disfunção temporomandibular." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289008.
Анотація:
Orientador: Francisco Haiter NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_LucianeFariasde_D.pdf: 1820402 bytes, checksum: 03ccca96db91bba812e586ce3a350bc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: No presente trabalho propõe-se avaliar a existência de evidências clínicas e/ou radiográficas que identifiquem indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular e da região cervical, bem como avaliar a eficácia da análise corporal computadorizada e da análise cefalométrica de Rocabado no diagnóstico destes pacientes. Para isso, foram avaliadas radiografias cefalométricas de perfil e fotografias de corpo inteiro de 100 pacientes, sendo 50 destes com sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e 50 indivíduos assintomáticos, constituindo o grupo controle. A amostra foi selecionada a partir de ficha clínica de documentações ortodônticas em arquivo de uma clínica odontológica da cidade de Recife ¿ PE. Foi realizada avaliação fisioterapêutica das radiografias e fotografias, para fins de diagnóstico. Análise corporal e de Rocabado foram executadas para averiguação de sua aplicabilidade na detecção de desarmonias posturais da cabeça e dos segmentos corporais. As avaliações fisioterapêuticas diagnosticaram alterações posturais em ambos os grupos, sugerindo não existir associação entre elas e as disfunções temporomandibulares (p>0,05). Valores de Kappa indicaram que, na análise de Rocabado, o índice de curvatura da coluna cervical e o ângulo crânio-cervical apresentaram diagnósticos significantemente equivocados, o mesmo acontecendo com a predição da curva da coluna cervical pela análise fotográfica, não devendo, portanto, ser aplicados como instrumentos de diagnóstico. As análises corporais frontal, de perfil e de costas mostraram-se confiáveis quanto aos seus resultados, podendo ser utilizada como forma de avaliação de alterações posturais
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the existence of clinical and/or radiographic evidences that identify patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and cervical region, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the computerized corporal analysis and the cephalometric analysis of Rocabado in the diagnosis of these patients. In order to this, lateral cephalometric radiography and photographs of the entire body of 100 patients, being 50 of these with signals and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and 50 asymptomatic individuals, constituting the control group. The sample was selected from the clinical information of orthodontic documentations in a file of a Dental clinic of the city of Recife - PE. It was carried through physiotherapeutic analysis of the x-rays and photographs for diagnosis ends. Corporal analysis and of Rocabado were executed for scertainment of its applicability in the detention of postural disharmony of the head and the corporal segments. The physiotherapeutics evaluations diagnosed postural alterations in both groups, suggesting not to exist association between them and the temporomandibular dysfunction (p>0,05). Values of Kappa indicated the same that, in the analysis of Rocabado, bending of the skull-cervical angle and the index column cervical were ignificantly presented making a diagnostic mistake, happening with the prediction of the curve of the cervical column for the photographic analysis, not having, therefore, to be applied as diagnosis instruments. The frontal corporal analyses of the profile and coasts revealed trustworthy how much to its results, being able to be used as form of evaluation the postural alterations
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Reynolds, Breanna C. "Thrust Joint Manipulation to the Cervical Spine in Participants with a Primary Complaint of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD): A Randomized Clinical Trial." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/76.
Анотація:
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common and costly problem often leading to chronic pain. There exists moderate evidence for physical therapy (PT) interventions in the management of TMD. A known relationship between TMD and the cervical spine exists with some evidence to support cervical intervention treatments. Cervical spine thrust joint manipulation (TJM) is an effective PT intervention explored in a limited fashion for this population. Objectives: To determine the immediate and short term (1 and 4 week) effects of cervical TJM on pain, dysfunction, and perception of change in individuals with a primary complaint of TMD. Methods: In this single blind randomized clinical trial, individuals with TMD (n=50) were randomly assigned to receive cervical TJM or sham manipulation in 4 PT visits over 4-weeks. All participants also received behavioral education, a home exercise program, and soft tissue mobilization. Primary outcomes included jaw range of motion (ROM), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), TMD Disability Index, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-TMD), and Global Rating of Change (GROC). Self-report and objective measurements (with blinded assessor) were taken at baseline, immediately after baseline treatment, 1-week, and 4-weeks. A 2 x 4 mixed model ANOVA was used with treatment group as the between-subjects factor and time as the within-subjects factor. Separate ANOVAs were performed for dependent variables and the hypothesis of interest was the group by time interaction. Results: Statistically significant 2-way interactions were noted in JFLS (p = .026) and TSK-TMD (p = .008), favoring the thrust manipulation group. Both groups showed statistically significant main effects in all measures over time. GROC and PASS favored the thrust manipulation group with statistically significant differences in successful outcomes noted immediately after baseline treatment (NNT = 5) and at 4-weeks (NNT = 4). Conclusion: Both groups received identical multi-modal treatments with the addition of the randomized intervention: cervical TJM or sham manipulation. Differences between groups were small, however, improvements favored the TJM on all measures. Cervical TJM may be beneficial in the treatment of TMD.
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Cargill, Sara C. "Novel methodologies for three-dimensional modelling of subject specific biomechanics : application to lumbopelvic mechanics in sitting and standing." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18321/.
Анотація:
This project presented a biomechanical model of the lumbosacral spine and pelvis, including novel methodologies associated with the measurement of human mechanics. This research has, for the first time, produced accurate three-dimensional geometric models of the human skeleton from living subjects using magnetic resonance imaging technology, enabling the prediction of physiological muscle action within individuals.
The model was used to examine changes in the mechanics of the lumbopelvic musculoskeletal system between the standing and seated postures due to the increasing prevalence of the seated posture in the work and home environment.
The outcomes of this research included a novel bone wrapping algorithm used to describe the effect of muscle-bone interactions. a novel method for creating three-dimensional in vivo spinal reconstructions using MRI, three dimensional in vivo helical axis measurements and subject specific normalised moment data.
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Mariúba, Eduardo Sávio de Oliveira. "Avaliação de características clínicas e de exames de imagem que identificam pacientes com síndrome facetária." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180756.
Анотація:
Orientador: Rui Seabra Ferreira JuniorResumo: Introdução: A dor lombar crônica representa uma doença que gera grandes custos sociais e financeiros. A síndrome facetária é uma possível etiologia para a dor lombar, porém de difícil diagnóstico e tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar se determinados critérios clínicos e de exames de imagem foram capazes de identificar pacientes com a síndrome facetária e confirmar o diagnóstico por meio da infiltração realizada sob escopia em centro cirúrgico. Pacientes e métodos: 38 pacientes de ambos os sexos atendidos no Ambulatório de Cirurgia da Coluna – Ortopedia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, tiveram o exame físico específico avaliado, e seus dados gerados a partir da Escala Visual Analógica da Dor; Questionário de Incapacidade de Oswestry; Qualidade de Vida EuroQoL-5D-5L e SF-36; e DRAM (Método de Avaliação de Sofrimento e Risco) no dia 1 e 2 meses após a infiltração. Trinta pacientes tiveram seus exames radiográficos avaliados; vinte e quatro pacientes tiveram seus exames de ressonância magnética nuclear avaliados; e sete pacientes tiveram seus exames de tomografia computadorizada avaliados. O processo degenerativo das estruturas da coluna foram classificados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a infiltração facetária com 1 mL de levobupivacaina 0,5% e 50 mg de metilprednisolona (1 mL). Foram infiltradas as articulações de L1 a S1 bilateralmente. Os pacientes reportaram a dor gerada pelo toque da agulha nas facetas tratadas antes e após 30 minutos do proced... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic low back pain is a disease with huge social and financial costs. The facet syndrome is one of the possible etiologies for low back pain, but its diagnostic and treatment remains intricate. Objective: To evaluate whether certain clinical and imaging criteria were able to identify patients with facet syndrome and confirm the diagnosis with injections performed in the operation room. Patients and methods: 38 patients of both genders attended at the Spine Surgery Ambulatory from Botucatu Medical School Clinical Hospital, had a specific physical examination evaluated, and were assessed using the Visual Analog Pain Scale; Oswestry Disability Index; EuroQoL-5D-5L and SF-36 Health Survey; and DRAM (The Distress and Risk Assessment Method) on day 1 and after 2 months. Thirty patients had their computed radiographs evaluated; twenty-four patients had their magnetic resonance imaging evaluated; and seven patients had their CT scans evaluated. The degenerative processes of the spinal structures were graded. All patients underwent facetary injections with 1 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine and 50 mg methylprednisolone (1 mL). Facet joints from L1 to S1 were treated bilaterally. Patients reported the pain generated by the touch of the tip of the needle on the facets and the remaining low back pain after 30 minutes of the procedure. Results: the mean age of the patients was 55.5 ± 11.6 years and 76.3% were female. The mean pain in orthostasis measured by the Visual Analogue Sca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
11
Albert, Antonio. "Relação das disfunções temporomandibulares com a postura cervical - revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9119.
Анотація:
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaIntrodução: As disfunções que atingem a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) são consideradas um problema de saúde maior e é considerada a categoria mais prevalente de condições de dor crónica não dentária, na região orofacial. Estas disfunções podem provocar alterações de movimento e aparecimento de dor na articulação. As conexões neuroanatómicas e funcionais, entre as estruturas mastigatórias e a região cervical, explicam a presença de sintomas entre a ATM e a cervical. As alterações oclusais levam a um aumento da atividade muscular e à fadiga, o que pode provocar alterações posturais na coluna cervical. Objetivo: Determinar se há uma relação entre os distúrbios temporomandibulares (DTM) e a postura cervical. Metodologia: A pesquisa de estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados PEDro, Scielo, Pubmed e Web of Science. Após a seleção dos estudos segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foi avaliada a qualidade metodológica através da CASP (Critical Apprasial Skills Programme). Resultados: Obtiveram-se 997 artigos dos quais foram incluídos 9 artigos com um total de 635 indivíduos. Foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre as alterações temporomandibulares e as alterações da postura cervical, nos estudos analisados. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com DTM apresentam um aumento da lordose cervical. Consideramos, por isso, pertinente a inclusão da avaliação da coluna cervical, na avaliação da articulação temporomandibular.
Introduction: Dysfunctions affecting the temporomandibular joint are considered as a major health problem and as the most prevalent category of chronic non-dental pain conditions in the orofacial region. They can cause changes such as movement changes and the onset of joint pain. Neuro-anatomical and functional connections between mastigatory structures and cervical region explain the presence of symptoms between the TMJ and the cervical region. Occlusal changes lead to increased muscle activity and fatigue which can cause postural changes on the cervical spine. Objective: To determine the existence of a relationship between temporomandibular disorders and cervical posture. Methodology: Research was performed at the electronic databases PEDro, Scielo, Pubmed and Web of Science. Results: 9 articles were included in this work, from an amount of 997, with a total with a total of 635 individuals were analyzed. Significant relationship was found between temporomandibular and postural cervical changes. Conclusion: individuals with TMD have an increase of cervical lordosis. In this way, the evaluation of the TMJ should include the evaluation of the cervical in the suspicion of the presence of alterations.
N/A
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Dare, Michael Robert. "Investigation of hip kinematics in adult sports participants during single leg drop landing with chronic groin pain." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86334.
Анотація:
Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction-Groin injuries are among the top six most cited injuries in soccer and account for 10-18 per cent of all injuries reported in contact sport. Groin pain can result from a variety of pathologies, but according to literature, 63 per cent of groin pain is due to adductor pathology. Objective-The objective of this study was to explore if there are kinematic differences in the hip joint in sports participants with groin pain compared to matched healthy controls. Study design A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Study setting-The study was conducted at the FNB -3D motion analysis laboratory at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Outcome variables-The dependent variables included hip kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes at foot strike, lowest vertical point of the pelvis and total range of hip motion during a single leg drop landing. Methodology-The study sample comprised 20 male club level soccer-and, rugby players, running and cycling participants between the ages of 18-55 years of age. Ten of the subjects had chronic groin pain and the other ten were healthy matched controls. An eight-camera Vicon system was used to analyse the kinematics of the hip joint during single leg drop landing. For the purpose of comparison, the data was analysed for participants with unilateral groin pain and matched controls (n=14) and participants with bilateral groin pain and controls (n=6). The full set of data was subdivided for analysis into three distinct sub-groups. Unilaterally injured groin cases (n=7) were matched with seven healthy controls for analysis. Bilaterally injured groin cases (n=3) were matched with three healthy controls. Results-Cases with unilateral groin pain at initial contact had significantly more abduction of the hip joint when compared to controls (p<0.05). The effect size of this difference was large (0.94). Cases with unilateral groin pain also demonstrated greater hip internal rotation while the controls had external rotation (p<0.05) during a drop landing activity. Bilaterally injured groin cases landed with significantly (p=?) greater ranges of hip flexion as well as in significantly (p=?) more hip abduction during a drop landing activity. They also demonstrated greater total range of motion in the frontal plan when compared to controls. Groin pain cases overall demonstrated greater ranges of motion and tended to land in more abduction compared to controls. Conclusion-This study found that during a single leg drop landing, sports participants with unilateral chronic groin pain landed with significantly greater hip abduction and exhibited larger total range of motion in the transverse plane, which may indicate impaired stability of the hip complex when compared to controls.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding-Liesbeserings is een van die top ses mees prominente sokker beserings. Dit beloop 10-18 persent van alle beserings wat in kontaksport aangemeld word. Liespyn kan die gevolg wees van ‘n verskeidenheid patologië, maar volgens die literatuur is 63 persent van liespyn as gevolg adduktor patologie. Doelwitte-Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel of daar enige kinematiese veranderinge in die heupgewrig is in spelers met liespyn in vergelyking met dieselfde vergelykbare spelers sonder liespyn. Studie Ontwerp-‘n Deursnit, beskrywende studie was onderneem. Studie Omgewing-Die studie was uitgevoer by die FNB-3D bewegingsanalise laboratorium van die Stellenbosch Universiteit, Suid-Afrika. Uitkomsveranderlikes-Die afhanklike veranderlikes het in gesluit die heup kinematika in die sagitale, frontale en transvers vlakke met voet kontak endie laagste vertikale punt van die pelvis sowel as die totale heup omvang van beweging gedurende een been landing. Metodologie-Die studie populasie het bestaan uit 20 manlike sokker- en, rugbyspelers, hardlopers en fietsryers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 55 jaar. Tien van die deelnemers het kroniese liespyn gehad en die ander tien in die gelyke gesonde groep was sonder liespyn. Die agt kamera Vicon sisteem was gebruik om die kinematika van die heupgewrig te analseer tydens een been landing. Vir die doel om ‘n vergelyking te kan maak, was die data geanaliseer van deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn en die vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=14) en deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn en hulle vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=6).. Die volledige stel data was onderverdeel in drie afsonderlike sub groepe. Vir die analiese was unilaterale liesbeserings (n=7) vergelyk met sewe deelnemers sonder liespyn in die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met bilaterale liesbeserings (n=3) was vergelyk met drie in die kontrolegroep. Resultate-Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het met eerste kontak beduidend meer abduksie van die heupgewrig gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep (p<0.05). Die effek van hierdie verskil was groot (0.94). Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het ook ‘n grooter interne rotasie getoon, terwyl die kontrole groep meer eksterne rotasie gedemonstreer het (p<0.05) met landing. Deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn het beduidend (p=?) meer heup fleksie en abduksie omvang van beweging tydens landing. Hulle het ook ‘n groter totale heup omvang van beweging in die frontale vlak gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met liespyn het oor die algemeen ‘n grooter omvang van beweging getoon, en was geneig om met meer abduksie van die heup te land as die kontrolegroep. Gevolgtrekking-Die studie toon dat deelnemers met kroniese unilaterale liespyn, tydens een been landing, beduidende meerheup abduksie toon en dat die heup in die transverse vlak meer totale omvang van beweging gebruik wat kan dui op onstabiliteit in die heupkompleks in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep.
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Rice, Cameron R. "Review and Implementation of Orthopedic Patient Medication Education Best Practices." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors162402923964133.
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Saccol, Michele Forgiarini. "Contribuição das forças musculares isocinéticas de joelho e tronco para aquisição da massa óssea em atletas de futebol feminino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5145/tde-13022008-105335/.
Анотація:
OBJETIVO: Analisar a contribuição da força muscular isocinética de flexores e extensores do joelho dominante e tronco na aquisição da massa óssea das regiões correspondentes a aplicação dessas forças em atletas de futebol feminino (GAF). MÉTODOS: vinte e duas atletas de futebol feminino foram comparadas com 20 controles pareados (GC). O conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foram avaliados em corpo total, coluna lombar e quadril dominante (fêmur total e colo femoral) pelo software pediátrico do densitômetro Hologic QDR (modelo Discovery, Bedford, MA, USA). Pela análise de corpo total, foram determinadas as variáveis de composição corporal e a massa óssea do membro inferior dominante, tronco e cabeça. A força muscular no movimento de flexão e extensão do joelho e do tronco foi avaliada pelo dinamômetro isocinético Biodex Multi-joint System 3 (Shirley, NY, USA) na velocidade de 60°/s, com 5 repetições do modo concêntrico/excêntrico. As variáveis concêntricas de pico de torque, trabalho na repetição máxima e trabalho total dos flexores e extensores foram considerados. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student para análise entre grupos e os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e de regressão linear simples para o GAF. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes para idade, peso, altura, raça e ingestão de cálcio (p>0.05), porém o GAF apresentou maior percentual de massa magra e menor percentual de gordura corporal que o GC (p<0.001). Todos os sítios ósseos submetidos à carga mecânica durante o exercício físico apresentaram valores significativamente superiores no GAF, assim como todas as variáveis de força isocinética concêntrica de joelho dominante e tronco (p<0.05 e p<0.001). As variáveis de massa óssea de todas as regiões avaliadas do GAF apresentaram correlações positivas com o peso, índice de massa corporal, massa magra total e do tronco. A DMO das regiões analisadas não apresentou nenhuma correlação significante com as variáveis de força muscular. Porém, todas as variáveis de força de flexão do tronco correlacionaram-se positivamente com o CMO do corpo total e do tronco, assim como as variáveis de extensão do joelho demonstraram associações positivas com o CMO do quadril e do membro inferior dominante. CONCLUSÃO: A força muscular exerceu uma contribuição positiva na aquisição do CMO dos sítios específicos. Esses resultados de correlação positiva entre a força e a quantidade mineral óssea de sítios específicos provêem evidências adicionais de um papel da força muscular na aquisição da massa óssea regional.OBJECTIVE: to analyze the contribution of isokinetic muscular strength of dominant knee and trunk flexors and extensors in the acquisition of bone mass in the correspondent regions that these forces are applied in female soccer players. METHODS: twenty-two female soccer athletes (GAF) were compared with 20 matched-controls (GC). The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in whole body, lumbar spine and dominant hip (femoral neck and total hip) with the paediatric software of Hologic QDR (Discovery model, Bedford, MA, USA). From whole body scan, the variables of body composition and bone mass of dominant leg, trunk and head were also determined. The muscular strength of flexion and extension movements in dominant knee and trunk were evaluated with the Biodex Multi-joint System 3 (Shirley, NY, USA) with 60°/s, and 5 repetitions at concentric/eccentric mode. The concentric variables peak torque, maximal repetition total work and total work of flexors and extensors were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Student\'s t-test to compare groups and additionally Pearson\'s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis to GAF. RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding age, weight, height, race and calcium intake (p>0.05), however GAF presented a higher percentage of lean body mass and a lower percentage of body fat compared to GC (p<0.001). All loaded sites during exercise had significantly higher values of bone mass for GAF, and so for all isokinetic concentric strength variables of dominant knee and trunk (p<0.05 e p<0.001). Bone mass variables of GAF regions presented positive correlations with weight, body mass index, total and trunk lean mass. The BMD of any region presents significant correlations with variables of strength performance. Nevertheless, all strength variables of trunk flexors were positively correlated with BMC of whole body and trunk, so as knee dominant extensors with BMC of hip and dominant leg. CONCLUSION: muscular strength exerted a positive contribution to BMC acquisition at specifics sites. These results of positive correlation between force and bone mineral quantity of specific sites give us further evidences of the muscle strength role in the acquisition of regional bone mass.
15
Sands, William A., Jeni R. McNeal, Gabriella Penitente, Steven Ross Murray, Lawrence Nassar, Monèm Jemni, Satoshi Mizuguchi, and Michael H. Stone. "Stretching the Spines of Gymnasts: A Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4638.
Анотація:
Gymnastics is noted for involving highly specialized strength, power, agility and flexibility. Flexibility is perhaps the single greatest discriminator of gymnastics from other sports. The extreme ranges of motion achieved by gymnasts require long periods of training, often occupying more than a decade. Gymnasts also start training at an early age (particularly female gymnasts), and the effect of gymnastics training on these young athletes is poorly understood. One of the concerns of many gymnastics professionals is the training of the spine in hyperextension—the ubiquitous ‘arch’ seen in many gymnastics positions and movements. Training in spine hyperextension usually begins in early childhood through performance of a skill known as a back-bend. Does practising a back-bend and other hyperextension exercises harm young gymnasts? Current information on spine stretching among gymnasts indicates that, within reason, spine stretching does not appear to be an unusual threat to gymnasts’ health. However, the paucity of information demands that further study be undertaken.
16
Hyde, Tom R. "Development of a representative specimen for fretting fatigue of spline joint couplings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272758.
17
Hong, Jiazheng. "A Semi-Analytical Load Distribution Model of Spline Joints." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1426110670.
18
Wu, Yuan. "The partially monotone tensor spline estimation of joint distribution function with bivariate current status data." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/762.
Анотація:
The analysis of joint distribution function with bivariate event time data is a challenging problem both theoretically and numerically. This thesis develops a tensor splinebased nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the joint distribution function with bivariate current status data.
The tensor I-splines are developed to replace the traditional tensor B-splines in approximating joint distribution function in order to simplify the restricted maximum likelihood estimation problem in computing. The generalized gradient projection algorithm is used
to compute the restricted optimization problem. We show that the proposed tensor spline-based nonparametric estimator is consistent and that the rate of convergence is obtained. Simulation studies with moderate sample sizes show that the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimator is generally satisfactory.
19
Su, Weiji. "Flexible Joint Hierarchical Gaussian Process Model for Longitudinal and Recurrent Event Data." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595850414934069.
20
Junger, Jean-Claude. "Modélisation et réalisation d'une prothèse de genou." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL052N.
Анотація:
La complexité du mouvement des os de l'articulation du genou requiert une étude anatomique pour construire une prothèse de genou. Une bonne prothèse repose sur des surfaces permettant tous les mouvements du genou. Le nouveau type de prothèse présenté ici, est le résultat de cette approche scientifique. Dans un premier temps, nous mesurons les surfaces des condyles et de la trochlée d'une population significative d'os humains en utilisant une machine triaxiale. Puis, nous déterminons une surface moyenne servant de base à la réalisation de notre prothèse. Ensuite, en utilisant les techniques des fonctions b-splines, nous étudions les paramètres permettant de reconstruire la surface des condyles tout en respectant la cinématique ligamentaire et la transmission des contraintes. Notre prothèse respecte la position de la rotule sur les condyles et la trochlée et présente une forme proche de la forme anatomique. En relation avec cette étude, nous avons développé de nouveaux types de tiges intramédullaires ainsi que la technique de pose associée
21
Bingmer, Markus [Verfasser], Gaby [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, and Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Wakolbinger. "A stochastic model for the joint evaluation of burstiness and regularity in oscillatory spike trains / Markus Bingmer. Gutachter: Gaby Schneider ; Anton Wakolbinger. Betreuer: Gaby Schneider." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043977996/34.
22
Voufack, Ariste Bolivard. "Modélisation multi-technique de la densité électronique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0168/document.
Анотація:
Il est désormais possible, en utilisant le modèle de densité électronique résolue en spin (CRM2), de combiner les diffractions des rayons X et des neutrons (polarisés) pour déterminer les distributions électroniques de charge et de spin de matériaux magnétiques cristallins. Cette méthode permet la mise en évidence des chemins d’interactions rendant compte de l’ordre magnétique. Le modèle résolu en spin a été appliqué aux complexes de coordination avec un métal de transition portant la majorité du moment magnétique, il a été ensuite utilisé pour étudier les radicaux purs organiques contenant des électrons non appariés délocalisés sur un groupement chimique et les matériaux inorganiques. Dans le radical Nit(SMe)Ph, la modélisation des densités de charge et de spin a permis, en accord avec les résultats antérieurs, de montrer que le spin est délocalisé sur le groupe O-N-C-N-O (fonction nitronyle nitroxyde). Elle a également permis de montrer l’implication des liaisons hydrogène dans les interactions magnétiques ferromagnétique observé en dessous de 0.6K. Cette étude a mis en évidence une répartition dissymétrique de la population de spin sur les deux groupes N—O dont seuls les calculs CASSCF permettent de reproduire l’amplitude. Cette dissymétrie proviendrait d’une combinaison d’effets moléculaires et cristallins. Dans le radical p-O2NC6F4CNSSN de la famille des dithiadiazolyles, la modélisation par affinement joint montre que la majorité du spin est porté par le groupement –CNSSN en accord avec les travaux antérieurs. Grace aux propriétés topologiques de la densité de charge, des interactions halogène, chalcogène et π ont été mis en évidence. Certaines de ces interactions favorisent des couplages magnétiques, notamment les contacts S…N2 entre molécules voisines pouvant contribuer à l’ordre ferromagnétique observé à très basse température (1.3K). Quant au matériau inorganique, YTiO3, les densités de charge en phases paramagnétique et ferromagnétique ont été déterminées ainsi que la densité de spin dans la phase ferromagnétique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les orbitales d les plus peuplées en électrons de l’atome de Ti sont dxz et dyz.. L’ordre orbital présent dans ce matériau est observé à 100 et à 20 K suggérant que l’ordre orbitalaire est lié à la distorsion des octaèdres. La fonction d’onde de l’électron non apparié est une combinaison linéaire de ces orbitales t2gX-ray and neutron diffraction methods can be combined to determine simultaneously electron charge and spin densities in crystals based on spin resolved electron density model developed at CRM2. This method enables to carry out the study of interaction paths leading to the observed ferromagnetic order. First applications of this model were to coordination complexes, where the unpaired electron is mainly located on the transition metal, then generalized to explore organic radicals and to inorganic materials. In radical Nit(SMe)Ph, the modeling of the experimental charge and spin densities showed localization of spin density on O-N-C-N-O group (nitronyl -nitroxyde function), in agreement with previous works. It is also evidenced the involvement of the hydrogen bonds in the magnetic interactions leading to the ferromagnetic transition at very low temperature (0.6K). This study revealed dissymmetrical spin population of the two N-O groups that only CASSCF-type calculations can reproduce in amplitude (not DFT). This dissymmetry originates from both molecular and crystal effects. In radical p-O2NC6F4CNSSN belonging to the family of dithiadiazolyl, the joint refinement showed that the majority of the spin is distributed on -CNSSN group in agreement with the previous works. From topological properties of the charge density, halogen, chalcogen and π interactions have been highlighted. The most important magnetic interactions are observed through the network formed by contacts S ... N2 between neighboring molecules leading to the ferromagnetic order below 1.23K. Concerning the inorganic material, YTiO3, the charge densities in both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases and spin density were modelled. The results show that the most populated d orbitals of Ti atom are dxz and dyz. The orbital ordering evidenced in this material is observed at 100 and 20 K due to the orthorhombic distorsion. The wave function of the unpaired electron is a linear combination of these particularly populated t2g orbitals
23
Deutsch, Maxime. "Modélisation expériementale des matériaux magnétiques moléculaires : études combinées par diffraction X, neutrons et neutrons polarisés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0150/document.
Анотація:
Nous avons développé un modèle et un programme d'affinement joint des densités de charge et spin. Lors des premiers tests plusieurs difficultés sont apparues et ont été étudiées puis résolues notamment par la mise en place de contraintes. Après la mise en place d'un programme stable d'affinement joint nous avons testé celui-ci sur le complexe MnCu(pba)...(H2O)3...2H2O, ou pba représente le 1,3-propylenbis(oxamato) en réutilisant les données provenant d'une expérience de diffraction de neutrons polarisés et en effectuant une nouvelle expérience de diffraction des rayons X à 10K, température à laquelle l'expérience de diffraction des neutrons polarisés a été conduite. Cette étude a permis de tester trois schémas de pondération, ainsi que les contraintes. Ces tests ont montré que l'affinement joint permet de retrouver les résultats des différents affinements séparés mais aussi d'aller plus loin en autorisant un affinement de la densité de spin avec plus de paramètres pertinents. Suite à ces premiers tests nous nous sommes intéressés à un complexe azido cuivre (Cu2L2(N3)2 avec L=1,1,1-trifluoro-7-(dimethylamino)-4-méthyle-5-aza-3-heptène-2-onato). L'affinement joint a permis d'avoir accès, pour la première fois, à la densité de valence expérimentale résolue en spin et d'affiner également des paramètres de contraction/dilatation différents pour la valence avec un spin up ou un spin down. Dans le dernier chapitre nous avons étudié un complexe de cobalt qui présentait des propriétés magnétiques intéressantes. Cependant la particularité magnétique du composé venant d'une forte anisotropie magnétique a rendu l'étude par affinement joint délicate dans un premier temps, c'est pourquoi nous avons étudié ce composé uniquement d'un point de vue de la densité de charge. Cette étude a tout de même permis de mettre en évidence expérimentalement à 100K un angle de torsion de 39° entre les axes principaux des atomes de cobalt, prédit par la théorieWe developed a model and a refinement program for charge and spin densities. During the first tests several difficulties have arisen and have been investigated and solved by implementation of constraints. After the establishment of stable joint refinement program, we tested it on the MnCu(pba)...(H2O)3...2H2O, with pba = 1,3-propylenbis(oxamato) complex reusing data from an experiment of polarized neutron diffraction and making a new experience of X-ray diffraction at 10K. This study tested three weighting schemes and constraints. These tests showed that the joint refinement give access to the same results as the separated refinements but also allow us to go further by refining the spin density with more pertinent parameters. Following these initial tests, we were interested in a copper azido complex (Cu2L2(N3)2 with L=1,1,1-trifluoro-7-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-5-aza-3-hepten-2-onato). The joint refinement give us access for the first time to the experimental spin-resolved valence density and also to refine the parameters of contraction / expansion for spin up or spin down separately. In the last chapter we studied a cobalt complex which shows interesting magnetic properties. However, the magnetic properties of the compound come from a high magnetic anisotropy which complicates a study by joint refinement. That is why we studied only the charge density of this compound. This study still allowed to show experimentally a torsion angle of 39° between the principal axes of the cobalt atoms, which was predicted by a previous theoretical study
24
Langford, Nancy Jane. "The Relationship of the Sit and Reach Test to Criterion Measures of Hamstring and Back Flexibility in Adult Males and Females." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501137/.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test as a measure of hamstring and low back flexibility in adult males and females. Subjects were 52 males and 52 females, 20 to 45 years of age. Hamstring flexibility was measured using a goniometer. Spinal flexibility was measured using a tape measure and an inclinometer. The sit and reach test was performed according to the AAHPERD Health Related Fitness Test Manual. Data were analyzed using correlations and appropriate descriptive statistics. Conclusions of the investigation were: 1) in adult males 20 to 45, the sit and reach test is a valid measure of hamstring flexibility but has questionable validity as a measure of low back flexibility, 2) in adult females 20 to 45, the sit and reach test is a moderately valid measure of hamstring flexibility and is not a valid measure of low back flexibility.
25
Iordanov, Iordan. "Structure and dynamics of the outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae : a joint NMR–SMFS–proteolysis and MS approach." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1602/.
Анотація:
"KpOmpA est une protéine de la membrane externe de K. Pneumoniae. Elle fait partie de la famille des "outer membrane protein A", OmpA. KpOmpA est une protéine constituée de deux domaines: un domaine transmembranaire structuré en tonneau ß et une partie soluble, périplasmique. Le domaine transmembranaire de KpOmpA présente une homologie importante avec celle d'OmpA d'E. Coli dont la structure a été déterminée par cristallographie aux rayons X et spectroscopie RMN. OmpA d'E. Coli est responsable lors de la formation de biofilm. Elle a un rôle d'adhésine et d'invasine. Elle est la cible préférentielle du système immunitaire et est le récepteur de bactériophages. Il est admis que la plupart de ces fonctions sont dues aux boucles extracellulaires de ces protéines. Les différences majeures entre les protéines KpOmpA et OmpA d'E. Coli concernent les boucles extracellulaires de longueur plus importante dans le cas de KpOmpA. Elles jouent un rôle important au cours de l'activation des macrophages et des cellules dendritiques par la voie des récepteurs TLR2. Les boucles extracellulaires jouent un rôle essentiel au cours de l'activation du système immunitaire. Mieux définir la structure et la dynamique de ces boucles est d'une importance essentielle afin de mieux appréhender la fonctionnalité des boucles extracellulaires de KpOmpA. Les informations structurales connues actuellement (structure RMN déterminée dans le groupe IPBS RMN en 2009) ont été obtenus jusqu'à présent avec des échantillons de protéines recombinantes purifiées et repliées dans des micelles de détergent. Dans le présent travail, nous avons d'abord établi un protocole de reconstitution de la protéine dans une membrane phospholipidique et caractérisé nos échantillons par microscopie électronique. Des expériences de spectroscopie de force atomique sur molécule unique ont été réalisées pour caractériser le repliement de la protéine dans son environnement membranaire. Ces expériences suggèrent un nouveau rôle de KpOmpA au sein même de la membrane (collaboration D. Müller, ETH Zürich). Le domaine soluble périplasmique de la protéine a été exprimé indépendamment du domaine membranaire. Les premières expériences HSQC réalisées montrent une structuration de ce domaine. La structure de ce domaine par spectroscopie RMN est en cours de réalisation. Le comportement dynamique des boucles extracellulaires du domaine membranaire KpOmpA reconstitué dans des liposomes a été étudié par spectroscopie RMN à l'angle magique (MAS) et notamment par mesure des temps de relaxation. Nous avons montré que la dynamique intrinsèque de la protéine est indépendante de l'environnement (membrane vs micelle). Des expériences de protéolyse ménagée suivie par spectrométrie de masse (MALDI-TOF) ont été comparées avec les informations RMN afin d'évaluer plus précisément les niveaux de mobilité des différentes boucles extracellulaires. La préservation au cours de l'évolution des boucles extracellulaires semble lier à leur dynamique, ce qui suggère l'importance de ces boucles extracellulaires, en termes de séquence, longueur mais aussi de dynamique lors de la réponse immunitaire. "KpOmpA is a two-domain membrane protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) family. It is composed of a transmembrane ß-barrel with 8 ß-strands and a C-terminal, soluble periplasmic domain. The transmembrane domain presents a significant homology with E. Coli OmpA whose three dimensional structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography and by NMR. The E. Coli homologue can function as an adhesin and invasin, participate in biofilm formation, act as both an immune target and evasin, and serves as a receptor for several bacteriophages. It is assumed that most of these functions involve the four protein loops that emanate from the protein to the exterior of the cell. The difference between KpOmpA and E. Coli OmpA is mostly concentrated in these extracellular loops which are larger in the case of KpOmpA. KpOmpA was shown to activate macrophages and dendritic cells through the TLR2 dependent pathway, and these larger loops are supposed to play a specific role in the interactions with the immune system. Thus the structure and dynamics of these loops is of prime functional significance. The currently available information in this regard, including the NMR structure determined in the IPBS NMR group in 2009, have been obtained so far with recombinant protein samples purified and refolded in detergent micelles. In the present work we first established a reconstitution protocol that allowed the incorporation of the membrane protein in the more native environment of the lipid bilayer and characterised our samples by electron microscopy. SMFS experiments were used to probe the reconstituted KpOmpA unfolding-refolding pathways, exploring the folding mechanisms for ß-barrel proteins and suggesting a novel role for OmpA in the bacterial membrane (in collaboration with the group of D. Müller, ETH Zürich). The C-terminal periplasmic domain of KpOmpA was expressed and purified as a separate product and the feasibility of its structure elucidation by NMR was demonstrated by obtaining a high quality HSQC spectrum. The dynamic behaviour of the extracellular portion of the KpOmpA membrane domain reconstituted in liposomes has been investigated by solid state MAS NMR relaxation experiments. We confirmed that the previously observed gradient of dynamic along the molecule axis is an intrinsic property of the protein. Limited proteolysis and MALDI-TOF experiments were coupled with the NMR information in order to assess more precisely the different mobility levels in the loops. Evolutional preservation of the different loops regions is related to their observed flexibility, pointing towards immunologically important, variable, dynamic and accessible loops sections
26
Perin, Andrea. "A contribuição de diversos segmentos corporais na execução do teste sentar e alcançar." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/489.
Анотація:
O Teste de Sentar e Alcançar (TSA) é o teste mais utilizado para avaliação de flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, contudo, alguns fatores influenciam o seu resultado como o comportamento da coluna vertebral. Esta pesquisa objetiva determinar a contribuição da articulação do quadril, da coluna lombar e da coluna torácica na execução do TSA em jovens brasileiros. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo com uma amostra composta por 195 rapazes de 18 a 19 anos. Para identificar a contribuição dos segmentos corporais no movimento de flexão do tronco, realizou-se juntamente com o TSA uma análise cinemática angular por meio de Fotogrametria. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um protocolo de avaliação de ângulos de referência que foram transformados em percentuais de contribuição dos segmentos. Os ângulos e percentuais foram classificados em dois padrões de referência do TSA, os quais permitiram identificar que quanto melhor a classificação no TSA, maior a utilização do quadril e menor a utilização da coluna torácica. A coluna lombar manteve-se estável durante o movimento. Os ângulos e percentuais foram classificados também nas categorias de IMC, revelando que indivíduos obesos utilizam mais o quadril para realizar o movimento, pois não conseguem fazer compensação com a coluna torácica. Com base nos resultados, foi possível criar uma tabela de classificação dos ângulos e percentuais, que permitiu identificar compensações e padrões de movimento conforme a condição das musculaturas envolvidas. Pôde-se concluir que as contribuições médias da coluna torácica, da coluna lombar e do quadril na realização do TSA são respectivamente: 46,014%, 12,676%, 41,309%. Entretanto, a medida do TSA propriamente dita não permite esse detalhamento, pois seu resultado faz referência à flexão total do tronco juntamente com a flexão do quadril. Assim, recomenda-se que a avaliação da flexão da coluna torácica, da coluna lombar e do quadril seja realizada separadamente, por fotogrametria, com base no protocolo e parâmetros médios estabelecidos neste estudo, por meio da classificação de seus valores nas categorias propostas.The Sit and Reach Test (SR) is the most widely used assessment of hamstrings flexibility, however, some factors can influence their results as a behavior of the spine. This research aims to determine the contribution of the hip joint, of the lumbar and thoracic spine in the execution of SR in young Brazilians. The descriptive observational study subjects were 195 young men from 18 to 19 years. To identify the contribution of body segments in flexion of the trunk it was evaluated the SR together with angular kinematic analysis through of Photogrammetry. To that end, we developed a protocol for evaluating reference angles that were transformed into percentage contribution of the segments. The angles and percentages were classified into two reference standards of the SR, which identified that the best ranking in SR, greater use of hip and lower utilization of the thoracic spine. The lumbar spine was stable during movement. The angles and percentages were also classified in the categories of BMI, revealing that obese people use more hip to perform the movement, because they cannot make compensation with thoracic spine. Based on the results, it was possible to create a table of classification of angles and percentages, which allowed for the identification and compensation movement patterns in accordance with the condition of the muscles involved. It can be concluded the contributions of the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and hip in performing the SR are respectively 46.014%, 12.676%, 41.309%. However, only the measure of the SR does not permit this detail because its result refers to the total trunk flexion and hip flexion. Thus, it is recommended that evaluation of flexion of the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and hip joint are performed separately by photogrammetry, based on the average parameters and protocol established in this study, through the classification of their values in the proposed categories.
27
Denoziere, Guilhem. "Numerical Modeling of a Ligamentous Lumbar Motion Segment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4998.
Анотація:
Eight out of ten people in the United States will have problems with low back pain at some point in their life. The most significant surgical treatments for low back pain can be distributed into two main groups of solutions: arthrodesis and arthroplasty. Spinal arthrodesis consists of the fusion of a degenerated functional spine unit (FSU) to alleviate pain and prevent mechanical instability. Spinal arthroplasty consists of the implantation of an artificial disc to restore the functionality of the degenerated FSU. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the alteration of the biomechanics of the lumbar spine treated either by arthrodesis or arthroplasty.
A three-dimensional finite element model of a ligamentous lumbar motion segment, constituted of two FSUs, was built and simulated through a static analysis with the finite element software ABAQUS.
It was shown that the mobility of the segment treated by arthrodesis was reduced in all rotational degrees of freedom by an average of approximately 44%, relative to the healthy model. Conversely, the mobility of the segment treated by arthroplasty was increased in all rotational degrees of freedom by an average of approximately 52%. The FSU implanted with the artificial disc showed a high risk of instability and further degeneration. The mobility and the stresses in the healthy FSU, adjacent to the restored FSU in the segment treated by arthroplasty, were also increased.
In conclusion, the simulation of the arthroplasty model showed more risks of instability and further degeneration, on the treated level as well as on the adjacent levels, than in the arthrodesis model.
28
Deutsch, Maxime. "Modélisation expérimentale des matériaux magnétiques moléculaires : études combinées par diffraction X, neutrons et neutrons polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924396.
Анотація:
Nous avons développé un modèle et un programme d'affinement joint des densités de charge et spin. Lors des premiers tests plusieurs difficultés sont apparues et ont été étudiées puis résolues notamment par la mise en place de contraintes. Après la mise en place d'un programme stable d'affinement joint nous avons testé celui-ci sur le complexe MnCu(pba)...(H2O)3...2H2O, ou pba représente le 1,3-propylenbis(oxamato) en réutilisant les données provenant d'une expérience de diffraction de neutrons polarisés et en effectuant une nouvelle expérience de diffraction des rayons X à 10K, température à laquelle l'expérience de diffraction des neutrons polarisés a été conduite. Cette étude a permis de tester trois schémas de pondération, ainsi que les contraintes. Ces tests ont montré que l'affinement joint permet de retrouver les résultats des différents affinements séparés mais aussi d'aller plus loin en autorisant un affinement de la densité de spin avec plus de paramètres pertinents. Suite à ces premiers tests nous nous sommes intéressés à un complexe azido cuivre (Cu2L2(N3)2 avec L=1,1,1-trifluoro-7-(dimethylamino)-4-méthyle-5-aza-3-heptène-2-onato). L'affinement joint a permis d'avoir accès, pour la première fois, à la densité de valence expérimentale résolue en spin et d'affiner également des paramètres de contraction/dilatation différents pour la valence avec un spin up ou un spin down. Dans le dernier chapitre nous avons étudié un complexe de cobalt qui présentait des propriétés magnétiques intéressantes. Cependant la particularité magnétique du composé venant d'une forte anisotropie magnétique a rendu l'étude par affinement joint délicate dans un premier temps, c'est pourquoi nous avons étudié ce composé uniquement d'un point de vue de la densité de charge. Cette étude a tout de même permis de mettre en évidence expérimentalement à 100K un angle de torsion de 39° entre les axes principaux des atomes de cobalt, prédit par la théorie
29
Němcová, Simona. "Zobrazování chrupavek na magnetické rezonanci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316833.
Анотація:
This thesis deals with the cartilage imaging using magnetic resonance. At first, there is mentioned physical principle of the magnetic resonance phenomenon and the most commonly used excitation sequences, followed by the description of the 9.4 T MR imaging system Bruker BioSpec 94/30 USR, which was used for measurement in the practical part. The next part is dedicated to the composition of cartilages and describes the temporomandibular joint, due to its suitability as an object for cartilage imaging. The series of MR scans of temporomandibular joint were taken with different acquisition parameters and evaluated by program designed through the MATLAB software. The program can be used for viewing scanned images, evaluating their contrast and determining the T1 relaxation time of the tissues by creating T1 maps.
30
Llobet, Megias Anna. "Contribution à l'étude du magnéto-transport et aux phénomènes de ségrégation de phase dans les manganites." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10245.
Анотація:
Les manganites a valence mixte presentent une variete de transitions magnetiques, electroniques et structurales, leur comprehension etant encore un defi pour les physiciens de l'etat solide. La premiere partie de cette these est consacree a l'etude detaillee de la magnetoresistance extrinseque liee au transport dependant du spin a travers les interfaces. La mise en uvre d'une nouvelle chambre d'ablation laser a permis de developper un systeme modele a base des couches de la 2 / 3ca 1 / 3mno 3 deposees sur des substrats non-accordes de mgo (001). La conduction granulaire a ete caracterisee soigneusement et interpretee a partir des mesures de transport tunnel dependant du spin a travers d'interfaces non completement saturees ferromagnetiquement. Nous avons verifie nos hypotheses en developpant un autre systeme a base de joints des grains induits mecaniquement. Le role de la contrainte epitaxiale a ete etudie dans des couches de la 2 / 3ca 1 / 3mno 3 sur srtio 3 (001) et la modification des proprietes magnetiques et de transport a ete discutee et liee a la deformation structurale induite par la croissance epitaxiale. La deuxieme partie de cette these est dediee a l'etude des manganites a l'etat massif presentant des phenomenes d'ordre orbital et/ou de charge, ainsi que de segregation de phase. La diffraction de neutrons et de rayons x synchrotron, la relaxation des muons au champ nul, ainsi que la caracterisation magnetique et de transport ont ete utilisees pour etudier la migration electronique dans les planes ayant un ordre orbital tipe d x 2 - y 2 (pr 1 / 2sr 1 / 2mno 3), l'ordre de charge (pr 1 / 2ca 1 / 2mno 3 et bi 1 / 2ca 1 / 2mno 3) ainsi que la separation electronique de phase (pr 2 / 3ca 1 / 3mno 3) ou l'existence
31
"A study to compare cervical spine and temporomandibular adjustments to cervical spine adjustments in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2653.
32
Blakeney, Carmen. "The effect of a single versus multiple cervical spine manipulations on peak torque of the rotator cuff muscles in asymptomatic subjects with cervical spine fixation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/457.
Анотація:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a single versus multiple cervical spine manipulations, over a two week period, on peak torque of the rotator cuff muscles utilizing the Cybex Orthotron II Isokinetic Rehabilitation System. This study was a pre and post experimental investigation. Method: Forty asymptomatic (in terms of neck and shoulder pain) male chiropractic students were stratified into two equal groups of twenty subjects to ensure that each group consisted of an equal number of subjects from each year of study. All subjects underwent a familiarisation session on the Cybex Orthotron II Isokinetic Rehabilitation System. Group One received a single manipulation. Rotator cuff peak torque was measured pre-manipulation, immediately post manipulation and at a two-week follow up. Group Two received four manipulations over a two week period. Rotator cuff peak torque was measured pre and immediately post the first manipulation. A third rotator cuff peak torque measurement was taken two weeks after the first manipulation. Results: There was no statistically significant effect of a single or multiple manipulations on rotator cuff peak torque (abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation). Inter-group analysis revealed a trend of an effect for abduction as the single manipulation increased at the two-week follow up and the multiple manipulation group decreased; however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: No statistically significant results were found possibly due to small sample size and the fact that objective measurements were only taken at the beginning and the end of the research processes and not at regular intervals throughout the study.Further studies are needed to determine the effects of multiple manipulations on peripheral muscle activity, including the treatment of symptomatic patients with rotator cuff pathology. It is also recommended that EMG readings be done in conjunction with peak torque measures to determine muscle activity.
33
Kingston, David. "A GENERALIZED SOFTWARE SOLUTION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF JOINT MOMENTS: AN APPLICATION TO LIFTING." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8143.
Анотація:
Objective: To develop modular software to assess angular impulse and to determine the effect of a reduced dataset on the net angular impulse acting at the L5/S1 joint.
Background. With the prevalence and incidence of lower back pain increasing annually, accurate assessment of physical job demands is needed. Many lab based approaches exist to measure the moments acting on the lower back, but require advanced and sensitive testing equipment. Of the methodologies currently used in industrial settings, most require significant contributions of time or money to be implemented. There is a need for cost and time effective methods to record a worker’s kinematic data over their whole shift.
Methods: Twelve participants performed 12 consecutive lifts under five lifting conditions: SQ00 (squat 0kg); SQ04 (squat 4kg); SQ10 (squat 10kg); FP04 (fast squat 4kg); ST04 (stoop 4kg). Kinematic data of the upper limbs, head, and trunk was recorded with external load data and kinetic analysis was performed by implementing an extension of the Hof (1992) method called the lined-segment engine (LSE) to calculate the angular impulse (N•m•s) acting on the L5/S1 joint.
Results: The LSE was sensitive to changes in load, lifting speed, and lifting posture (p < 0.05). There was no difference in dynamic, quasi-static, or static models when calculating angular impulse, but there was a difference in the L5/S1 angular impulse when the upper limbs were removed from the dynamic LSE model (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The LSE requires further refinement, but could be a generic approach to kinetic calculations. A scaled no-arms model for calculating the angular impulse acting on the low back could be used to assess field based lifting studies with 5.8% error.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-03 15:05:03.257
34
McClatchie, Lynda. "Do joint mobilizations of the asymptomatic cervical spine affect non-responsive shoulder pain in adults?" 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=450683&T=F.
35
Young, Charmaine. "The immediate effect of spinal adjustive therapy on joint position sense of the cervical spine." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3092.
Анотація:
M. Tech.There is still much to be learnt about proprioception and it’s role in postural control mechanisms. Joint position sense accuracy has been developed as a means to evaluate proprioception and extensive studies have been performed on patients with chronic neck pain. To date, there has been limited research that has been conducted on the various therapeutic modalities, which may affect joint position sense accuracy and proprioception. However, no research has been performed on patients who are asymptomatic, to determine the true effects of Chiropractic cervical adjustive therapy on joint position sense accuracy and proprioception. Chiropractic Cervical adjustive techniques are delivered by hand and bring about neurophysiological change within the nervous system. It is not known exactly how long the effects of the Chiropractic adjustment lasts and it is only speculated that the shortterm effects are over a twenty minute period, as cavitation of the joint occurs (Gatterman, 2005; Herzog, 2000). The purpose of this research was to determine if Chiropractic cervical adjustive therapy of the cervical spine could produce an immediate effect on joint position sense accuracy, in participants who were asymptomatic and only presenting with hypomobile joint dysfunction. A random sample of 60 participants, presenting with no history of pain, were assessed for hypomobile joint dysfunction. All participants underwent a full Case History, Pertinent Physical examination and a Regional Examination of the Cervical Spine. Each participant had to complete the Subject Information and Consent Form. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received Chiropractic cervical adjustive therapy and Group B received detuned ultrasound, and was therefore the control group. The cervical range of motion (CROM) device was placed on the participant’s head, aligned on the bridge of the nose and ears. It was secured, behind the head, by a velcro strap. The CROM device was also mounted with a laser beam device. This enabled objective readings to be recorded, as each participant performed the Cervicocephalic Kinesthetic Sensibility Test. The procedure required the participant to alternatively rotate their head to the left and then to the right, as objective readings was recorded. Readings were taken before treatment was administered and then again after treatment was administered. The pre-treatment scores and post-treatment scores between the two groups were compared, using the paired samples test. The objective analyses showed that Group A (adjustment group) showed better results in improved joint position accuracy, in comparison to Group B (control group). The preliminary findings of this study show that Chiropractic cervical adjustive therapy has an immediate effect on joint position sense accuracy. This has major implications with respect to the vital role that Chiropractic cervical adjustments may have, on maintaining proprioceptive input and postural control mechanisms. The duration, by which Chiropractic cervical adjustive therapy effects joint position sense accuracy is unknown and further investigation into this, is still required.
36
Ralph, Julee. "The interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction in healthy infants aged two to ten weeks." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/183.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004
1 v. (various pagings)Chiropractors are treating spinal joint dysfunction in infants that present with conditions such as infantile colic. Authors conducting research into spinal joint dysfunction in infants have used static and motion palpation to identify these spinal lesions in the infants. The reliability of static and motion palpation used in infants for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction has not yet been established. The lack of a reliable assessment tool for spinal joint dysfunction in infants reduces the inferential validity of the research studies assessing the efficacy of chiropractic treatment in infants. It is therefore necessary to establish the interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation in infants. The purpose of this study was to determine the interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction in healthy infants aged two to ten weeks
37
Petersen, Gabriela Elisa da Silva. "The effect of thoracic spine manipulation compared to thoracic spine and costovertebral joint manipulation on mechanical mid-back pain at the Durban University of Technology Chiroptractic Day Clinic." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2894.
Анотація:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.Mid-back pain (mbp) is defined as pain occurring within the limits of the third thoracic (T3) and ninth thoracic (T9) vertebrae, caused by the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal structures in the thoracic spine. It can present as pain and/ burning between the shoulder blades with reduced thoracic spine mobility and increased muscle tension. Congenital disorders such as scoliosis and Scheuermann’s disease, or acquired disorders such as thoracic facet and costovertebral joint dysfunction may cause mbp. The thoracic facet and costovertebral joints are similar in anatomy and share a mutually dependent biomechanical relationship. There were a handful of controlled studies that highlighted the effectiveness of thoracic facet manipulation on mbp, but there were none on the effects of costovertebral manipulation on mbp. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation on mbp in terms of pain perception, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM). Design A prospective single-blind randomised comparative clinical trial. Setting This study was conducted in a university setting at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic Participants Fifty participants were recruited via responses to advertisements placed around the Durban University of Technology (DUT) campuses and individuals presenting at the Chiropractic Day Clinic (CDC). Intervention The participants were divided into two groups of twenty-five. Group A received the thoracic facet joint manipulations and Group B received a combination of the thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulations. Outcome measures All subjective and objective measurements were taken before and after the application of the manipulations. Pain perception i.e. subjective measurement) was measured by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), pressure pain thresholds (PPT) (i.e. objective measurement) were measured by the Wagner’s FDK Force Gage Algometer and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM) i.e. objective measurement was measured by the Saunders Digital Inclinometer. Results The data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS and a p-value = 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Descriptive statistics in the form of univariate analysis described the data in terms of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Data that was distributed normally was analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA. Data that was distributed abnormally was analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon ranked and Mann Whitney tests. Nominal and ordinal data was analyzed using the Chi squared test. The results of the intra-group analysis indicated a statistically significant decrease in pain perception (p ≤ 0.000), increase in PPT (p ≤ 0.05) and decrease in thoracic spine ROM (p ≤ 0.000). However, the results for the inter-group analysis indicate there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception (p = 0.386), PPT (p > 0.05) and thoracic spine ROM (p >0.05) between Group A and Group B. Conclusions These results showed that the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation was as effective as thoracic facet joint manipulation alone, in the treatment of mbp. These findings suggested that manipulation of the costovertebral joints may not be necessary for the effective treatment of mbp.
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38
"The immediate effect of a chiropractic adjustment on pressure pain threshold of a restricted cervical spine facet joint." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5122.
Анотація:
M.Tech.Purpose: The cervical facet joints have attracted relatively little attention as possible sources of neck pain and referred pain. Multiple authors have described the management of cervical facet joint pain but not the cause (Manchikanti et al., 2002). Method: This study consisted of one group of 100 participants. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 40 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the participants received a cervical spine adjustment. Objective and subjective readings were taken. Procedure: The participants were seen only once. The Visual Analogue Scale was completed by each participant before treatment. Algometer readings were taken over the most restricted cervical spine facet joint and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) machine readings were taken measuring the ranges of motion of the cervical spine. The participants received an adjustment to the most restricted cervical spine facet joint as determined by motion palpation. The CROM machine and algometer readings were taken again immediately after the adjustment and the algometer readings were taken again 10 minutes later. Results: In terms of subjective measurements based on the Visual Analogue Scale, all participants experienced clinically significant pain before starting the trial.In terms of objective measurements based on algometer readings, a clinically significant difference was found as the pressure pain threshold increases over a period of time. In terms of the CROM machine readings there was a clinical improvement from the pretreatment ranges of motion to the post-treatment ranges of motion. The algometer and CROM readings were statistically incomparable to begin with. Conclusion: The results proved that there was a statistical significant noted immediately after the adjustment and 10 minutes later, however, this does not mean much as thegroups were not comparable to begin with. A statistically significant difference was noted for all ranges of cervical spine motion (flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and rotation), thus showing that the cervical spine adjustment was successfully delivered to the restricted segments.
39
Lazar, Hilton Michael. "The immediate effects of a cervical spine adjustment on gait in participants with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10880.
Анотація:
M.Tech. (Chiropractic)This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of a cervical spine adjustment on gait in participants who had asymptomatic cervical spine dysfunction. Method: This study consisted of 1 group of 60 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age. The group was mixed unevenly in terms of gender. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant underwent a pre adjustment gait analysis followed by cervical spine adjustment and then a post adjustment gait analysis. Procedure: Treatment consisted of a single treatment. The objective data was recorded via the Win FDM system pre and post cervical spine adjustment. The measurements were taken this way to give a reliable, dynamic analysis of gait in an easy to read print out. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The manipulative techniques used were directed towards dysfunction cervical spine joints which were identified via motion palpation. Results: The results of the gait analysis were obtained from the WinFDM analysis and analyzed by STATKON. Objective data was collected from 60 participants of both genders. All participants underwent a pre and post adjustment gait analysis for comparison...
40
Sinha, Juhi. "Reliability in measuring the range of motion of the aging cervical spine." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4437.
Анотація:
The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine absolute intrarater reliability of using the cervical range of motion device (CROM) for measuring cervical movements in older adults, and 2) determine the intrarater reliability and concurrent validity of the Candrive protocol, which uses a universal goniometer to measure rotation. Forty older adults (75.7 + 4.7 years of age) were tested in two sessions, one week apart, by two raters. Intrarater reliability scores were good for the CROM protocol (coefficient of variation (CV) values were 5.5% and 6.2 % for cervical rotation). The Candrive protocol values were higher (CV = 7.9 and 9.4%). Concordance analyses suggested that the Candrive protocol was less than good in terms of its validity, particularly when order effects were taken into consideration. In conclusion, the CROM protocol demonstrated good reliability for either group or individual analyses, whereas the Candrive protocol was less reliable and its validity marginal.
41
Smilkstein, Steven Mark. "The effect of chiropractic adjustment of the temporomandibular joint compared to chiropractic adjustment of the cervical spine in those with chronic neck pain." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4792.
Анотація:
M. Tech.Purpose: Many studies have shown the effect of treatment of the cervical spine on parts distant to the spine itself, which are linked anatomically, biomechanically or neurologically, e.g. the temporomandibular joint (Curl, 1994). Curl (1994) reports a neurological link between the cervical spine and the temporomandibular joint, and Reggars (1994) reports a biomechanical link between the temporomandibular joint and cervical spine. These links may affect the cervical spine when adjusting the temporomandibular joint. For these reasons, further study is necessary to establish the possibility of temporomandibular joint involvement in the formation of neck pain, and the possibility of chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to the temporomandibular joint as a successful alternative treatment for neck pain. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic adjustment of the temporomandibular joint, compared to cervical spine adjustment of the upper cervical spine as a treatment form for neck pain, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups of 15 participants between the ages of eighteen to thirty-five, similar in age and gender ratios. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustment techniques delivered to the temporomandibular joint and group 2 received cervical spine adjustment techniques delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine.
42
Lai, Cheng-Chuan, and 賴政全. "Gross Force and Moment Responses of Spine Motion Segment During Cyclic Loading and Facet Joint Contact Force During Impact Loading." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10718316661552377805.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
醫學工程研究所碩博士班
92
Finding the spinal motion segment under repetitive activities and the facet joint load sharing of spinal motion segment under compressive impact loading are an important spine biomechanics subjects. We also believed that two factors have been associated with low back pain (LBP). The cyclic loading causes a decline in the stiffness properties of the motion segments and predisposes them to more risk of buckling injury. The facet joint plays an important role in load sharing of spinal motion segment. Nevertheless, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no body up to data gives quantitative ideas of the mechanical interaction within the spine, and no body is able to detect the force history of facet joint under impact loading. The current study developed a unique apparatus using an in vitro porcine lumbar spine model to quantify the gross force and moment response of spine motion segment during cyclic loading and facet joint contact force during impact loading In cyclic loading, eight fresh-frozen porcine spine joint (L3/L4) was used in the experiment. A “drop-tower type” impact testing apparatus was modified for the testing. The energy was transmitted to the specimen through the impounder. The specimen was loaded at two postures; i.e., the distributed and anterior point-load posture. The loading was set at 200 N compression and 100 N tension. The loading time is five hours; hence 90,000 cycles in total were applied. We record half second data every 5 minutes. Sixty sets of data were collect through the loading history. Signals of input force, three dimensional reaction forces and moments from the six-axial force load cell were all recorded at 10 kHz sampling frequency. In impact loading, the pressure sensors were inserted into the both facet joints to find the joint contact force. The 1.2J impact energy was transmitted to the specimen through the impounder. The specimen was loaded at seven points from anterior to posterior. Signals of facet joint contact force, input force, three dimensional reaction forces and moments from the six-axial force load cell were all recorded at 10 kHz sampling frequency. We found that the axial force responses between two loading conditions are similar. The anteroposterior and lateral shear force are slightly higher at point-loaded loading condition. However, the bending moment responses is very different between the two loading posture. The peak to peak magnitude of bending moment reaches 3 Nm during distributed loading, but reaches 11 Nm during anterior pointed loading. the cyclic creep deformation curve showed that the spine joint had not reached the steady state after 5 hours, i.e., 90,000 cycles of loading. In impact loading, the moment is in flexion when the load was applied at the anterior of vertebral body, and is in extension when the load is applied at central and posterior vertebral body . The facet joint force remained constant when the loading was applied anteriorly, but responed quite promptly when the loading was applied posteriorly. The facet joint shared 13% and 28% of axial loading when the load is applied anteriorly and posteriorly. The extension moment increased as the loading point moves posteriorly . We successfully developed an apparatus that is able to give force controlled cyclic loading at very low price. The testing apparatus is able to detect the three dimension forces and moments responses of testing specimens and that is able to detect the force history of facet joint.
43
Chou, Wei Ying, and 周唯穎. "The 3D surface anthropometric reliability of inter-anterior superior iliac spine distances and effect on the hip joint center predictions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90796055063112655688.
Анотація:
碩士長庚大學
工業設計學系
98
The accurate identification of the hip joint center (HJC) is of great importance for 3D scanning data deformation. Bell et al. (1990) developed and validated equations to predict the HJC based on simple anthropometric measurement of inter-anterior superior iliac spine distance (IAD). However, the reliability of these measurements in 3D scanning data and the effect on predicted HJC estimates from the equations have yet to be determined. In the current study, four measurers (two trained/ two no trained) were responsible for collecting the measurements of IAD on 3D scanning data for 20 patients (nine male, 11 female) in two (within landmarks/ without landmarks) situations. The results showed the predicted HJC locations were affected by the measurement differences. The no trained measurers showed the lowest 3D surface anthropometric reliability and validity of IAD (ICC = 0.601，mean measurement difference = 25.2±15.1mm), and the maximum prediction errors of HJC(x axis = 4.8mm、y axis = 9.1mm、z axis = 7.6mm) in the without landmarks situation. This study also demonstrated the landmarks can help to decrease the measurement differences of IAD (ICC＞0.9、mean measurement difference＜10.2±7.2mm) and the prediction errors of HJC (x axis＜1.9mm、y axis＜3.7mm、z axis＜3.1mm), especially for the no trained measurers.
44
Cascioli, Vincenzo. "An investigation into the production of intra-articular gas bubbles and increase in joint space in the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine following spinal manipulation in asymptomatic subjects." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2058.
Анотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998.Currently, no scientific evidence exits to demonstrate that radiolucent cavities, or an increase in joint space in the cervical zygapophyseal joints, occur following the manipulation of these joints. However, previous studies have demonstrated the presence of these phenomena in the metacarpophalangeal joints following the application of linear traction to these joints to the point of cavitation ('cracking'). This study was designed to determine whether such phenomena occurred in the cervical spine. Plain film and computed tomographic imaging were used for this purpose. It was hypothesized that an increase in joint space and a decrease in joint density (radiolucent cavity) would be demonstrable following the application of the manipulation in the non-traction and particularly the traction positions of the neck. Volunteers were screened for conformity with the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 asymptomatic subjects were selected. The subjects were then assigned to one or two of 6 possible experimental groups. The subjects of each group were radiographically imaged before and immediately after the manipulation. In all cases except for Experiment 1 the subjects received : o a pre-manipulation X-ray and/or CT scan, o a pre-manipulation plus traction X-ray and/or CT scan, a post-manipulation X-ray and/or CT scan and o a post-manipulation plus traction X-ray and/or CT scan. A total of 83 CT scans consisting of 1660 images and 36 fluoroscopy-assisted plain-film radiographs were performed.
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45
Dixon, Tamsyn Louise. "The immediate effect of manipulation of selected cervical spinal segments on the peak torque of the rotator cuff muscles in asymptomatic patients with and without a mechanical cervical spine dysfunction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/223.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
xiii, 70 leaves ; 30 cmAlthough studies of manipulation-induced peripheral changes in the muscles have been done, inconsistencies noted by the author’s call for further investigation into the reflex effects of manipulation. Additionally, according to the literature, no effective treatment protocol for the painful shoulder has been found. Therefore this research aimed at addressing these discrepancies by quantifying the immediate effect of cervical spine manipulation in terms of peak torque on rotator cuff musculature in asymptomatic patients with both a cervical spine dysfunction and without. And thus by investigating cervical manipulation to the C4-C7 spinal segment, as a possible added intervention for improving rotator cuff muscle peak torque, a more efficient and effective management protocol for the painful shoulder could be attained. Thus the aims for this study included: 1) To evaluate whether manipulation has an effect on rotator cuff peak torque or not, utilizing the Cybex Orthotron II Isokinetic Rehabilitation System; 2) To ascertain whether manipulation of the specific levels has an effect on the rotator cuff peak torque or not and 3) To ascertain whether the presence or absence
46
Drake, Janessa. "Axial twist loading of the spine: Modulators of injury mechanisms and the potential for pain generation." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3769.
Анотація:
There are several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine. The lack of consensus from the limited work that has previously examined the role of axial twist moments and motions in the development of spine injuries or generation of low back pain is the primary reason. From recently published works, axial twist moments appear to represent an increased risk for injury development when it acts in concert with loading about other physiological axes (i.e. flexion, extension, and compression). However, there is a large body of epidemiologic data identifying axial twist moments and/or motion as risk factors for low back disorders and pain, demonstrating the need for this series of investigations. It is likely that these combined exposures increase risk through altering the spine’s load distribution (passive resistance) by modifying the mechanics, but this deduction and related causal mechanism need to be researched.
The global objective of this research was focused on determining whether there is evidence to support altered load distribution in the spine, specifically between the intervertebral disc and facets, in response to applied axial twist moments (when added in combination with one and two axes of additional loading). Also included was whether these modes of loading can modify spine mechanics and contribute and/or alter the development of damage and pain. This objective was addressed through one in-vivo (Drake and Callaghan, 2008a– Chapter #2) and three in-vitro (Drake et al., 2008– Chapter #4; Drake and Callaghan, 2008b– Chapter #5; Drake and Callaghan, 2008c– Chapter #6) studies that: (1) Quantified the amount of passive twist motion in the lumbar spine when coupled with various flexion-extension postures; (2) Documented the effects of flexion-extension postures and loading history on the distance between the facet articular surfaces; (3) Evaluated the result of axial twist rotation rates on acute failure of the spine in a neutral flexion posture; and (4) Explored whether repetitive combined loading has the ability to cause enough deformation to the spine to generate pain.
Through the combination of findings previously reported in the literature and the outcomes of Drake and Callaghan (2008a– Chapter #2) and Drake et al. (2008– Chapter #4), a postural mediated mechanism was hypothesized to be responsible for governing the load distribution between the facet joints and other structures of the spine (i.e. disc, ligaments). Increased flexed postures were found to decrease the rotational stiffness by resulting in larger twist angles for the same applied twist moment in-vivo relative to a neutral flexion posture (Drake and Callaghan, 2008a– Chapter #2). This suggested there might be an increased load on the disc due to a change in facet coupling in these combined postures. Similarly, increased angles were observed in flexed and twisted postures for in-vitro specimens relative to a neutral flexion posture. These observed differences were found to correspond with altered facet joint mechanics. Specifically that flexed twisted postures increased the inter-facet spacing relative to the initial state of facet articulation (Drake et al., 2008– Chapter #4). These finding supported the postulated postural mechanism. Therefore, in a neutral posture the facet joints likely resisted the majority of any applied twist moment based on the limited range of motion and higher axial rotational stiffness responses observed. It was suspected that the changes in mechanics would likely cause a change in the load distribution however the magnitude of change in load distribution remains to be quantified.
Further support for this postulated postural mechanism comes from the mode of failure for specimens that were exposed to 10,000 cycles of 5° axial twist rotation while in a static flexed posture (Drake and Callaghan, 2008c– Chapter #6), and neutrally flexed specimens exposed to 1.5° of rotation for 10,000 cycles reported in the literature. Without flexion, the failure patterns were reported to occur in the endplates, facets, laminae and capsular ligaments, but not the disc. However, with flexion the repetitive axial twist rotational displacements caused damage primarily to the disc. If the load distribution was unchanged, the higher axial rotation angle should have caused the specimen to fail in less cycles of loading, and the failure pattern should not have changed. Modulators of this hypothesized mechanism include the velocity of the applied twist moment and the effects these have on the failure parameters and injury outcomes. The three physiologic loading rates investigated in this work were not shown to affect the ultimate axial twist rotational failure angle or moment in a neutral flexion/extension posture, but were shown to modify flexion-extension stiffness (Drake and Callaghan, 2008b– Chapter #5). All of the flexion-extension stiffness values post failure, from a one-time axial twist exposure, was less than those from a repetitive combined loading exposure that has been established to damage the intervertebral disc but not the facets. Therefore, it is likely that the facet joint provides the primary resistance to acute axial twist moments when the spine is in a neutral flexion posture, but there appears to be a redistribution of the applied load from the facets to the disc in repetitive exposures.
The aforementioned studies determined there are changes in load distribution and load response caused by altered mechanics resulting from twist loading, but whether the exposures could possibly produce pain needed to be addressed. Previous research has determined that the disc has relatively low innervation in comparison to the richly innervated facet capsule and vertebra, with only the outer regions being innervated. Likewise, it is assumed that pain could be directly generated as the nucleus pulposus disrupted the innervated outer annular fibres in the process of herniation. Also, direct compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots has been shown to occur from the extruded nucleus and result in the generation of pain responses. Additionally, the nucleus pulposus has been shown to be a noxious stimulus that damages the function and structure of nerves on contact. The other source of nerve root compression commonly recognized is a decrease in intervertebral foramina space, which was previously believed to only be caused through losses in disc height. However, decreased intervertebral foramina space due to repetitive motions appears to be a viable pain generating pathway that may not directly correspond to simply a loss of specimen or disc height (Drake and Callaghan, 2008c– Chapter #6). This is new evidence for combined loading to generate pain through spinal deformation. The objective of many traditional treatments for nerve root compression focus on restoring lost disc height to remove the nerve root compression. Unfortunately, nerve root compression caused by repetitive loading may not be alleviated through this approach.
This collection of studies was focused on determining whether altered load distribution in the spine, specifically between the intervertebral disc and facets, in response to applied axial twist loading (when added in combination with one and two axes of additional loading) was occurring, and examining how these modes of loading can contribute and/or alter the development of injury and pain. Therefore, findings generated from this thesis may have important implications for clinicians, researchers, and ergonomists.
47
Poacher, Elizabeth. "The relative effectiveness of three treatment protocols in the management of temporomandibular disorder." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/671.
Анотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.The relationship between TMD and dysfunction in the cervical spine has been reported in the literature and there are many case studies which have shown favourable results when treatment was aimed at the TMJ, cervical spine relationship. However, the numerous TMD treatment protocols described in the literature concerning this relationship, and the effectiveness of these treatments have not been well established. In spite of this many chiropractors treat TMD. TMD is a multifactoral condition and conservative treatment options need to be further investigated in order to determine if manual interventions directed at the cercival spine in the treatment of TMD are beneficial. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare myofascial trigger point therapy and manipulative therapy of either the TMJ, cervical spine or a combination of the two in order to determine their effectiveness for the TMD. Method: Thirty participants with TMD were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Participants in each group received two treatments per week for two weeks with a follow up consultation in the third week. Data were collected before the commencement of the first, second, and fourth treatments and at the follow up consultation. Outcome measures included algometer readings, CROM, Mouth opening readings, NRS and a disability questionnaire. SPSS version 15.0 was used for analysis of the data. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Multivariate testing was used for intra- and inter-group comparisons. Profile plots were generated to assess the direction and trend of the effect and to visually compare the trends in the different treatment groups. Results: Inter-group comparisons did not reveal any statistically significant different improvements between the three treatment groups. Conclusion: All groups responded favourably to treatment and showed trends towards improvement. However, statistically analysis revealed that no one treatment protocol was superior to the other. Although no definitive inferences may be drawn regarding the effectiveness of each treatment approach, within group trends indicated that the combination of the two treatment approaches may be preferred.
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Min-ChiTsai and 蔡旻錡. "Immediate Effect of Thoracic Mobilization on Lumbar Spine Muscle Activity, Joint Force and Pain Sensation on Lumbar Degenerated Spondylolisthesis of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/be99t9.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
物理治療學系
104
Background: It is widely accepted that pain mechanism of chronic LBP involves multiple factors. Therefore, intervention should not only focus on pain relief but also consider causative factors more comprehensively. Chronic low back pain patients commonly have excessive lumbar spine movements that may be compensated by limited motion of thoracic spine. The tight thoracic spine may lead to greater lever arm for the erector spine muscles. Further, greater erector spinae muscles activity may cause tight extensor muscles, increased lumbar spine joint force and pain sensation in lumbar region. Therefore, thoracic mobility is a very important factor for the chronic low back pain patients. Thus, the purpose of this study is first to determine the effect of thoracic mobilization intervention on erector spine muscles activity, lumbar spine joint force and pain sensation in chronic low back pain patients. The second purpose is to compare the clinical effect on pain, electromyography and joint force between thoracic mobilization and soft tissue release group. Methods: Twenty-eight participants diagnosed with lumbar degenerated spondylolisthesis and pain over six months patients participated in this study and were randomly divided into thoracic mobilization group (3M11F, n=14) and soft tissue release group (3M11F, n=14). Participants received range of motion test, muscle strength test, thoracic spine mobility test, lumbar instability test, tissue hardness, pressure pain threshold, and then lifted objects with 0 kg and 5 kg before and after the intervention to measure their electromyography activity level and joint force. The questionnaires were measured in the first day and 48 hours after. Repeated two way ANOVA statistical analyses were performed to compare the groups and time effect. The significant level was set at p〈0.05. Results: The questionnaires, trunk extensor muscle strength, ROM, tissue hardness were improved after the intervention both in thoracic mobilization group and soft tissue release groups (p〈.05). The pressure pain threshold in each measure points were almost increased after the intervention (p〈.05), except the right L1 lateral measure point. The electromyography of lumbar part of erector spinae in thoracic mobilization group decreased significantly in 0kg ascending phase (F=5.523, p=0.024) and 5kg descending and ascending phase (F=4.434, p= 0.041; F=4.574, p=0.038) compared with soft tissue release group. The joint force were not significantly different in these two groups but increased significantly after the intervention in lowest position of 0kg right hip (F=4.502, p=0.040), L5S1 (F=4.390, p=0.042), L1L3 (F=4.445, p=0.041) and 5kg left hip (F=5.302, p=0.026), right hip (F=6.276, p=0.016), L5S1 (F=6.227, p=0.017), L3L5 (F=5.760, p=0.021), L1L3 (F=5.752, p=0.021). Conclusion: Thoracic mobilization and soft tissue release both can improve the pain condition, increase range of motion, trunk extensor muscle strength, tissue hardness and pressure pain threshold. However, the thoracic mobilization had better effect to decrease the electromyography activity and to slow down the rising rate of joint force during the functional movement comparing to the soft tissue release in non-weight lifting. Therefore, thoracic mobilization should be integrated into the common rehabilitation program for degenerated lumbar spondylolisthesis patients.
49
Langohr, Gordon Daniel George. "Cervical Total Level Arthroplasty System With PEEK All-Polymer Articulations." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5779.
Анотація:
The cervical spine must provide structural support for the head, allow large range of motion and protect both the spinal cord and branching nerves. There are two types of spinal joints: the intervertebral discs which are flexible connections and the facets, which are articulating synovial joints. Both types degenerate with age. Current surgical treatments include spinal fusion and articulating disc replacement implants. If both disc and facet joints are degenerated, fusion is the only option. In spinal fusion, the disc is removed and the adjacent vertebrae are fused which causes abnormally high stress levels in adjacent discs. In disc replacement, an articulating device is inserted to restore intervertebral motion and mimic healthy spinal kinematics. Disc arthroplasty does not significantly increase adjacent level stress but the lack of rotational constraint causes increased facet contact pressures. Thus, there is a need for a cervical total level arthroplasty system (CTLAS) that has a disc implant specifically designed to preserve the facet joints and implants for facet arthroplasty that can act independently or in-unison with the disc replacement.
The conceptual design of a CTLAS implant system was proposed that would replace the disc and the facet joints. To facilitate medical imaging, PEEK (polyetheretherkeytone) was selected as the structural and bearing material. In the present thesis, multi-station pin-on-plate wear testing was initiated for pairs of unfilled (OPT) and carbon-fiber-reinforced (CFR) PEEK. Wear is important in arthroplasty implant design because wear particles can cause osteolysis leading to loosening. A variety of experiments were performed to investigate the effects of load, contact geometry and lubricant composition on wear. CFR PEEK was found to have much lower and more predictable wear than OPT PEEK in the present experiments. The wear of OPT PEEK pairs showed sensitivity to lubricant protein concentration. The coefficient of friction during testing was found to be quite high (up to 0.5), which might have clinical implications. Also, some subsurface fatigue was found, exposing carbon fibers of CFR PEEK. This remains a concern for its long-term application. Further wear testing is recommended using actual implants in a spine wear simulator.
50
Píglová, Tereza. "Identifikace kloubních struktur AS a jejich vlastností pomocí MRI a TVS před a po aplikaci manuální terapie." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389087.
Анотація:
Introduction The joint dysfunction of the spine in the sense of functional blockade is connected with corresponding painful condition, reflex contraction of the surrounding muscles and restriction of mobility in the spinal segment. Joint block has its mechanical context, which need not be accompanied by a structural disturbance but it's affecting the biomechanical properties of the spine. Several theories exist how the joints become restricted. Scientific evidence highly supports the meniscoid entrapment theory. Purposes The aim of the study was to identify the meniscoids of the cervical spine using in- vivo MRI imaging and to determine their potential role in the development of functional joint blocks of the axial system (AS). Another objective was to find out how the articular blocks affect the rheological properties of the spine by the Transfer Vibration through the Spine (TVS) method. Patient sample The MRI study was conducted on a research file of 12 subjects - two anatomical preparations and ten in vivo. Two subjects were examined in TVS experiment. Methodology Two anatomical preparations were investigated on MRI to find the appropriate sequence for imaging of meniscoids, three subjects for identification of meniscoids in vivo. Seven subjects underwent initial investigation, manipulation of...