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Статті в журналах з теми "Joint and spine"

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 20 червня 2021
Оновлено: 7 лютого 2022

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1

Tsitsopoulos, Parmenion Ph, Christos Tsonidis, Nikolaos Papaioannou, Ioannis Venizelos, Dimitra Psalla, Angelos Dessiris, and Philippos Tsitsopoulos. "Intraoperative facet joint injury during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: an experimental study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 7, no. 4 (October 2007): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi-07/09/10/429.

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Object Disorders of the cervical spine can be successfully addressed by surgical intervention when the choice of such intervention takes into account the possible complications in the treated and adjacent structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for intraoperative trauma in cervical zygapophysial joints and to describe possible pathological changes that may occur during cervical spine surgery. Methods Fifteen sheep underwent surgical intervention via an anterior cervical approach; discectomy at the C5–6 level was performed. In 10 animals, the discectomy was accompanied by titanium cage fusion. The sheep were killed immediately after completion of the operation. Radiological examination of the isolated cervical spines followed. Furthermore, the cervical spines were submitted to decalcification and incised using a microtome, and tissue sections were then studied using light microscopy. Results Radiological examination was used to assess vertebral alignment, vertebral body (VB) morphology, implant position, and endplate and facet joint gross morphology. Histological examination of the endplate and VB demonstrated degenerative lesions as well as cellular necrosis. The study of the facet joints at the treated as well as at adjacent segments (both above and below) revealed in some cases edema between the collagen fibers of the joint capsules, congestion, and microhemorrhages. Injuries were evident in animals in which the Caspar device was used. Conclusions Histopathologically confirmed lesions occurred in facet joints while anterior cervical spine surgery was being performed in sheep. The findings were indicative of trauma and, in the case of human spine surgery, could possibly account for several postoperative complications and patient complaints.
2

Howarth, Samuel J., Tyson A. C. Beach, and Jack P. Callaghan. "Abdominal Muscles Dominate Contributions to Vertebral Joint Stiffness during the Push-up." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 2 (May 2008): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.2.130.

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The goal of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of each muscle group surrounding the spine to vertebral joint rotational stiffness (VJRS) during the push-up exercise. Upper-body kinematics, three-dimensional hand forces and lumbar spine postures, and 14 channels (bilaterally from rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi, thoracic erector spinae, lumbar erector spinae, and multifidus) of trunk electromyographic (EMG) activity were collected from 11 males and used as inputs to a biomechanical model that determined the individual contributions of 10 muscle groups surrounding the lumbar spine to VJRS at five lumbar vertebral joints (L1-L2 to L5-S1). On average, the abdominal muscles contributed 64.32 ± 8.50%, 86.55 ± 1.13%, and 83.84 ± 1.95% to VJRS about the flexion/extension, lateral bend, and axial twist axes, respectively. Rectus abdominis contributed 43.16 ± 3.44% to VJRS about the flexion/extension axis at each lumbar joint, and external oblique and internal oblique, respectively contributed 52.61 ± 7.73% and 62.13 ± 8.71% to VJRS about the lateral bend and axial twist axes, respectively, at all lumbar joints with the exception of L5-S1. Owing to changes in moment arm length, the external oblique and internal oblique, respectively contributed 55.89% and 50.01% to VJRS about the axial twist and lateral bend axes at L5-S1. Transversus abdominis, multifidus, and the spine extensors contributed minimally to VJRS during the push-up exercise. The push-up challenges the abdominal musculature to maintain VJRS. The orientation of the abdominal muscles suggests that each muscle primarily controls the rotational stiffness about a single axis.
3

Breloff, Scott P., and Li-Shan Chou. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-SEGMENTED SPINE JOINT REACTION FORCES DURING COMMON WORKPLACE PHYSICAL DEMANDS/ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 29, no. 04 (August 2017): 1750025. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237217500259.

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Objective: The quantification of inter-segmental spine joint reaction forces during common workplace physical demands. Background: Many spine reaction force models have focused on the L5/S1 or L4/L5 joints to quantify the vertebral joint reaction forces. However, the L5/S1 or L4/L5 approach neglects most of the intervertebral joints. Methods: The current study presents a clinically applicable and noninvasive model which calculates the spinal joint reaction forces at six different regions of the spine. Subjects completed four ambulatory activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossing, stair ascent, and stair descent. Results: Peak joint spinal reaction forces were compared between tasks and spine regions. Differences existed in the bodyweight normalized vertical joint reaction forces where the walking (8.05[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.19[Formula: see text]N/kg) task had significantly smaller peak reaction forces than the stair descent (12.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.32[Formula: see text]N/kg) agreeing with lower extremity data comparing walking and stair descent tasks. Conclusion: This method appears to be effective in estimating the joint reaction forces using a segmental spine model. The results suggesting the main effect of peak reactions forces in the segmental spine can be influenced by task.
4

Hong, Hyun Pyo, Hye Won Chung, Byeong-Kyoo Choi, Young Cheol Yoon, and Sang Hee Choi. "Involvement of the proximal tibiofibular joint in ankylosing spondylitis." Acta Radiologica 50, no. 4 (May 2009): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850902783338.

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Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may affect peripheral joints, with the shoulder, hip, and knee being well known involved sites. However, involvement of the proximal tibiofibular (PTF) joint has not yet been investigated. Purpose: To evaluate PTF joint abnormalities in patients with AS. Material and Methods: From July 1997 to June 2005, 16 patients (15 male, one female; mean age 25 years), who were clinically diagnosed with AS, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate knee pain. All patients also underwent plain radiographs of the knee, lumbar spine, and pelvis. Twenty knee MRIs (bilateral in four patients) and 16 sets of knee, lumbar spine, and pelvic radiographs were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate possible AS involvement. The presence of abnormalities suggesting AS involvement were recorded separately in the sacroiliac joints, lumbar spine, hip, and femorotibial and PTF joints. If the PTF joint showed any pathologic findings, the radiologic findings were recorded. Results: Three of 16 patients (18.7%) had pathologic features of the PTF joint observed by plain radiographs or MRI. One of these three patients showed bilateral involvement of the PTF joints on plain radiographs, while the other two patients showed unilateral involvement on MRI. Subchondral sclerosis, cartilage abnormality, erosion, and abnormal bone marrow signal intensity were identified on MRI. Plain radiographs of two patients revealed subchondral sclerosis and spur formation in the PTF joint. The frequencies of involvement of other joints in the 16 patients were as follows: lumbar spine, n=5 (31%), hip joint, n=1 (6%) (identified by plain radiographs), and femorotibial joints, n=10 (62.5%) (identified by knee MRI). Conclusion: MR imaging of the PTF joint can depict synovial changes and their effect on joint structures in patients with AS. The MRI findings of AS involving the PTF joints are subchondral sclerosis, cartilage abnormality, erosion, and abnormal bone marrow signal intensity.
5

Shimada, Yoichi, Yuji Kasukawa, Naohisa Miyakoshi, Michio Hongo, Shigeru Ando, and Eiji Itoi. "Spondylolisthesis of the thoracic spine." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 4, no. 5 (May 2006): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2006.4.5.415.

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✓ The thoracic spine is stabilized in the anteroposterior direction by the rib cage and the facet joints. Spondylolisthesis of the thoracic spine is less common than that of the lumbar spine. The authors describe a rare case of thoracic spondylolisthesis in which the patient suffered back pain and myelopathy. The patient was a 44-year-old woman. Plain radiography revealed Grade I T11–12 spondylolisthesis. The pedicle–facet joint angle at T-11 was 118°, greater than that of T-10 or T-12. Postmyelography computerized tomography scanning revealed posterior compression of the dural sac as well as enlargement of and degenerative changes in the facet joint at T-11. Magnetic resonance imaging showed anterior and posterior compression of the spinal cord at the level of the spondylolisthesis. To achieve posterior T10–12 decompression, the surgeons performed a laminectomy and posterolateral fusion in which a pedicle screw fixation system was placed. The patient’s back pain disappeared immediately after the operation. The authors conclude that the enlargement of the pedicle–facet joint angle and the degenerative changes of the facet joint caused the thoracolumbar spondylolisthesis.
6

Prodan, Aleksandr Ivanovich, Aleksandr Anatolyevich Sirenko, and Vera Anatolyevna Kolesnichenko. "SPINAL FACET JOINT DENERVATION: PRO ET CONTRA." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 3 (August 23, 2005): 078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2005.3.78-86.

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The paper presents an analytical literature review on pain relief by denervation of spinal facet joints for spondiloarthrosis. Abstracts from Medline Database and papers from Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Spine, European Spine Journal, and other relevant medical journals for last 10–15 years were used in preparing the review.
7

Thorpe Lowis, Casper G., Zhaoyang Xu, and Ming Zhang. "Visualisation of facet joint recesses of the cadaveric spine: a micro-CT and sheet plastination study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (February 2018): e000338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000338.

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ObjectivesThe size and shape of a joint cavity are the key determinates for the mobility of the joint. The anatomy and configuration of the facet joint (FJ) recesses at different levels of the spine remain unclear and controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the configuration of the FJ recesses in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine using a combination of micro-CT and sheet plastination techniques.MethodsOf 19 cadavers (9 males, 10 females, age range of 54–89 years), the FJ cavities of 3 spines were injected with contrast filling and scanned with micro-CT, and 16 plastinated spines were prepared as the series of sagittal (9 sets), transverse (5 sets) or coronal (2 sets) sections with a thickness of 2.5 mm and examined under a stereoscopic microscope.ResultsThis study characterised the FJ spaces and recesses of the spine and found that (1) the configuration and extent of the FJ recesses varied along the spine. The optimal needle approach to the FJ cavity was via an anterolateral or posterolateral recess at the cervical level, along the tip of the inferior articular process at the thoracic level and via the posteromedial recess at the lumbar level. (2) The FJ cavity did not communicate with the retrodural space.ConclusionThe anatomical features of the FJ recesses at different levels of the spine confirm no direct communication between the FJ cavity and retrodural space.
8

Kumaresan, S., N. Yoganandan, and F. A. Pintar. "Methodology to Quantify Human Cervical Spine Uncovertebral Joint Anatomy." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 01, no. 02 (December 1997): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957797000141.

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The uncovertebral joints appear in the adult human cervical spinal column. While the descriptions of this structure have been reported, methods to quantify the dimensions of these joints are lacking. Therefore, in this study a preliminary attempt was made to develop a methodology to quantify the three-dimensional anatomical details of these joints in the adult human cervical spine using sequential cryomicrotome anatomic sections. Bilateral dorsal to ventral length, medial to lateral depth, and caudal to cranial height measurements were obtained from C2-T1 levels. The well developed larger joints were observed in the mid to lower cervical (C3-C7) regions and the smaller joints were noted in the most cranial and caudal (C2-C3, C7-T1) levels. Uncovertebral joints in the mid to lower cervical region extended further ventrally compared to the most cranial and caudal levels. The height of the uncovertebral joints was equal to the lateral height of the intervertebral discs throughout the extent of the joint. The mean overall medial to lateral depth of the joint was 3.8 mm (± 1.8). These quantitative three-dimensional descriptions assist in describing uncovertebral joints in stress analysis based finite element models to understand its effects on the cervical spine biomechanical behavior.
9

Nagamoto, Yukitaka, Takahiro Ishii, Motoki Iwasaki, Hironobu Sakaura, Hisao Moritomo, Takahito Fujimori, Masafumi Kashii, Tsuyoshi Murase, Hideki Yoshikawa, and Kazuomi Sugamoto. "Three-dimensional motion of the uncovertebral joint during head rotation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 4 (October 2012): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.6.spine111104.

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Object The uncovertebral joints are peculiar but clinically important anatomical structures of the cervical vertebrae. In the aged or degenerative cervical spine, osteophytes arising from an uncovertebral joint can cause cervical radiculopathy, often necessitating decompression surgery. Although these joints are believed to bear some relationship to head rotation, how the uncovertebral joints work during head rotation remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to elucidate 3D motion of the uncovertebral joints during head rotation. Methods Study participants were 10 healthy volunteers who underwent 3D MRI of the cervical spine in 11 positions during head rotation: neutral (0°) and 15° increments to maximal head rotation on each side (left and right). Relative motions of the cervical spine were calculated by automatically superimposing a segmented 3D MR image of the vertebra in the neutral position over images of each position using the volume registration method. The 3D intervertebral motions of all 10 volunteers were standardized, and the 3D motion of uncovertebral joints was visualized on animations using data for the standardized motion. Inferred contact areas of uncovertebral joints were also calculated using a proximity mapping technique. Results The 3D animation of uncovertebral joints during head rotation showed that the joints alternate between contact and separation. Inferred contact areas of uncovertebral joints were situated directly lateral at the middle cervical spine and dorsolateral at the lower cervical spine. With increasing angle of rotation, inferred contact areas increased in the middle cervical spine, whereas areas in the lower cervical spine slightly decreased. Conclusions In this study, the 3D motions of uncovertebral joints during head rotation were depicted precisely for the first time.
10

Chelpachenko, Oleg B., K. V. Zherdev, A. P. Fisenko, A. S. Butenko, S. P. Yatsyk, E. Yu Dyakonova, and O. E. Chelpachenko. "Surgical correction of trunk balance in spinal deformities and in instability of hip joints." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 24, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2020-24-4-256-265.

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Introduction. Restoration of trunk balance is the basic task in surgical correction of spinal deformities and in hip joint instability of various etiology. Purpose. To analyze and to define the relevance of roentgen-anatomical parameters of spine-pelvis relationships for surgical correction of deformities in the thoracolumbar spine and of hip joint instability of dysplastic and neurogenic etiology. Material and methods. An X-ray analysis of parameters of the frontal and sagittal spine-pelvis balance was performed in 220 patients with dysplastic and neurogenic deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine (n = 98) and with instability of hip joints (n = 122) but who were able to walk. They were operated in the neuro-orthopedic department with orthopedics in National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health. The reference group included 60 relatively healthy children without any scoliotic deformities of the spine and with stable hip joints. Dynamics of changes in X-ray parameters was analyzed using findings of orthostatic spondylograms from the indicated groups of children. The obtained data were compared with reference values. Results. The trial performed has revealed typical changes in spine-pelvis relationship parameters in patients with hip joint instability and spine deformities and in the reference group . The researchers also found out relations between various parameters of the trunk balance before and after surgical correction. Conclusion. While planning a surgical correction of trunk balance in spinal deformities, one should take into account parameters of spine-pelvis relationships, such as PI, SS, PT, SVA deviation and the mid-sacral line; and in case of hip joint instability - local roentgen-angulometric parameters of the femoral and acetabular components of instability. This is due to the fact that the lower the level of reconstructive surgical manipulation is located, the greater effect it has at the frontal and sagittal balance of the trunk.
11

Boluk Senlikci, Huma, and Selin Ozen. "Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Treated Using Neural Therapy to the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report." Complementary Medicine Research 28, no. 4 (2021): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513131.

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Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) include temporomandibular joint dysfunction and bruxism. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SJD) is a frequent cause of non-discogenic low back pain. Studies suggest a relationship between TMJD and SJD; however, the link remains unclear. Neural therapy (NT) utilises local anaesthetic injections to treat pain by normalising a dysfunctional autonomic nervous system held responsible for initiating or propagating chronic pain. A 31-year-old female presented with a 1-year history of mechanical left-sided low back pain and sleep bruxism. Examination revealed crepitation of the left TMJ and a trigger point in the masseter muscle. Range of motion of the spine and hip joints were normal, Patrick and Geanslen tests were positive on the left side. Spine and standing flexion tests were also positive. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints were normal. A diagnosis of SJD was made, and the patient was treated using NT. Injections of lidocaine 0.5% to the left TMJ, the masseter muscle and intradermal segmental injections at the level of C<sub>4</sub> were administered. The patient’s back pain and TMJ tenderness reduced and continued so throughout the 3-month follow-up period. SJD may be related to TMJD, and NT may be used in its treatment.
12

Stal, Rosalinde, Floris van Gaalen, Alexandre Sepriano, Juergen Braun, Monique Reijnierse, Rosaline van den Berg, Désirée van der Heijde, and Xenofon Baraliakos. "Facet joint ankylosis in r-axSpA: detection and 2-year progression on whole spine low-dose CT and comparison with syndesmophyte progression." Rheumatology 59, no. 12 (May 17, 2020): 3776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa155.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the occurrence and progression of facet joint ankylosis in the whole spine using low-dose CT (ldCT) in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and compare progression of facet joint ankylosis and syndesmophytes. Methods Patients with r-axSpA from the Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis (SIAS) cohort underwent ldCT at baseline (n = 60) and 2 years (n = 53). Facet joints (right and left, levels C2-S1) were scored as ankylosed, not ankylosed or unable to assess. Joints that were frequently poorly visible (&gt;15% missing), were excluded. Inter-reader reliability on the patient level was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Ankylosis was assessed at joint level and patient level for both timepoints. Syndesmophytes were assessed with CT syndesmophyte score. Results Levels C5-T2 were difficult to assess and excluded from all further analyses. Facet joint ICCs were good to excellent for status scores (0.72–0.93) and poor to excellent for progression scores (0.10–0.91). Facet joint ankylosis was detected at every level but most frequently in the thoracic joints. In total, 48% of patients showed 2-year progression. Most progression occurred in the thoracic segment. Using SDCs as cutoff, 18% of patients had progression of facet joint ankylosis only, whereas 20% of patients had progression of syndesmophytes only. Conclusion This is the first study evaluating facet joints in the whole spine by ldCT in r-axSpA. Facet joint ankylosis was detected most often in the thoracic spine. Assessing facet joints in addition to syndesmophytes detected substantially more patients with damage progression over two years.
13

Suri, Pradeep, Eric N. Meier, Laura S. Gold, Zachary A. Marcum, Sandra K. Johnston, Kathryn T. James, Brian W. Bresnahan, et al. "Providing Epidemiological Data in Lumbar Spine Imaging Reports Did Not Affect Subsequent Utilization of Spine Procedures: Secondary Outcomes from a Stepped-Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial." Pain Medicine 22, no. 6 (February 17, 2021): 1272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab065.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of inserting epidemiological information into lumbar spine imaging reports on subsequent nonsurgical and surgical procedures involving the thoracolumbosacral spine and sacroiliac joints. Design Analysis of secondary outcomes from the Lumbar Imaging with Reporting of Epidemiology (LIRE) pragmatic stepped-wedge randomized trial. Setting Primary care clinics within four integrated health care systems in the United States. Subjects 238,886 patients ≥18 years of age who received lumbar diagnostic imaging between 2013 and 2016. Methods Clinics were randomized to receive text containing age- and modality-specific epidemiological benchmarks indicating the prevalence of common spine imaging findings in people without low back pain, inserted into lumbar spine imaging reports (the “LIRE intervention”). The study outcomes were receiving 1) any nonsurgical lumbosacral or sacroiliac spine procedure (lumbosacral epidural steroid injection, facet joint injection, or facet joint radiofrequency ablation; or sacroiliac joint injection) or 2) any surgical procedure involving the lumbar, sacral, or thoracic spine (decompression surgery or spinal fusion or other spine surgery). Results The LIRE intervention was not significantly associated with subsequent utilization of nonsurgical lumbosacral or sacroiliac spine procedures (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.09; P = 0.79) or any surgical procedure (OR = 0.99, 95 CI 0.91–1.07; P = 0.74) involving the lumbar, sacral, or thoracic spine. The intervention was also not significantly associated with any individual spine procedure. Conclusions Inserting epidemiological text into spine imaging reports had no effect on nonsurgical or surgical procedure utilization among patients receiving lumbar diagnostic imaging.
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Wang, Qiu An, Chong Guo, Ma Ji Sun, and Feng Yuan. "Three-dimensional spiral CT observation of the facet joints of the lower cervical spine and its clinical significance." European Spine Journal 30, no. 6 (January 30, 2021): 1536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-021-06743-1.

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Abstract Objective By observing the 3D anatomy of normal adult cervical facet joints, using the picture archiving and communication system to measure its 3D parameters and discussing its clinical significance, the aim of this study was to provide a reliable morphological basis for the design and manufacture of lower cervical facet joint interface distractors. Methods We selected 200 patients who underwent cervical spine 3D spiral computed tomography (CT) examination in the imaging department of our hospital from September 2019 to May 2020 and whose spiral CT images showed no cervical spinal canal stenosis, cervical disc herniation, obvious bone hyperplasia, or infection. The anterior and posterior diameters of the facet joints on both sides of the cervical spine, the space between the joints, and the left and right diameters were measured on the sagittal, cross-sectional and coronal planes after reconstruction with 3D spiral CT. Results The anterior and posterior diameters of the facet joints of the cervical spine, the space between the joints, and the left and right diameters all increased from top to bottom along the cervical spine. The 3D parameters of the C2-3~C6-7 segments were significantly different between the male and female groups. Conclusion The anteroposterior diameter, joint space interval, and left and right diameter of cervical facet joints are different in each segment and between the sexes. The lower cervical facet joint interface fusion device designed according to the measurement results can fully meet the needs of most patients.
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Hay, Dean C., Mark P. Wachowiak, and Ryan B. Graham. "Evaluating the Relationship Between Muscle Activation and Spine Kinematics Through Wavelet Coherence." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 5 (October 2016): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0334.

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Advances in time-frequency analysis can provide new insights into the important, yet complex relationship between muscle activation (ie, electromyography [EMG]) and motion during dynamic tasks. We use wavelet coherence to compare a fundamental cyclical movement (lumbar spine flexion and extension) to the surface EMG linear envelope of 2 trunk muscles (lumbar erector spinae and internal oblique). Both muscles cohere to the spine kinematics at the main cyclic frequency, but lumbar erector spinae exhibits significantly greater coherence than internal oblique to kinematics at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz. Coherence phase plots of the 2 muscles exhibit different characteristics. The lumbar erector spinae precedes trunk extension at 0.25 Hz, whereas internal oblique is in phase with spine kinematics. These differences may be due to their proposed contrasting functions as a primary spine mover (lumbar erector spinae) versus a spine stabilizer (internal oblique). We believe that this method will be useful in evaluating how a variety of factors (eg, pain, dysfunction, pathology, fatigue) affect the relationship between muscles’ motor inputs (ie, activation measured using EMG) and outputs (ie, the resulting joint motion patterns).
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Bogduk, Nikolai. "Degenerative Joint Disease of the Spine." Radiologic Clinics of North America 50, no. 4 (July 2012): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2012.04.012.

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17

Boissier, Marie-Christophe. "Joint Bone Spine on the Web." Joint Bone Spine 68, no. 1 (February 2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1297-319x(00)00239-6.

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18

Suzuki, Kaname, and Yuji Tani. "5. Trunk (Spine, Pelvis, Hip Joint)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 75, no. 4 (2019): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.4.382.

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19

Wrobel, Charles J., and Eric M. Thompson. "Joint Hypermobility Syndromes and the Spine." Contemporary Neurosurgery 33, no. 7 (April 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cne.0000403889.84490.52.

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Wrobel, Charles J., and Eric M. Thompson. "Joint Hypermobility Syndromes and the Spine." Contemporary Neurosurgery 33, no. 8 (April 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cne.0000403891.30232.ff.

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21

Krabbe, Simon, Iris Eshed, Inge J. Sørensen, Jakob Møller, Bente Jensen, Ole R. Madsen, Mette Klarlund, Susanne J. Pedersen, and Mikkel Østergaard. "Novel whole-body magnetic resonance imaging response and remission criteria document diminished inflammation during golimumab treatment in axial spondyloarthritis." Rheumatology 59, no. 11 (April 20, 2020): 3358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa153.

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Abstract Objectives To investigate criteria for treatment response and remission in patients with axial SpA as assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) of axial and peripheral joints and entheses during treatment with golimumab. Methods We performed an investigator-initiated cohort study of 53 patients who underwent WB-MRI at weeks 0, 4, 16 and 52 after initiation of golimumab. Images were assessed according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI SI joint inflammation index, Canada–Denmark MRI spine inflammation score and the MRI peripheral joints and entheses inflammation index. Results At weeks 4, 16 and 52, WB-MRI demonstrated an at least 50% reduction of MRI inflammation of the sacroiliac joints in 16, 29 and 32 (30%, 55% and 60%) patients, of the spine in 20, 30 and 31 (38%, 57% and 58%) patients and of peripheral joints and entheses in 8, 17 and 15 (15%, 32% and 28%) patients, respectively. The BASDAI50 response was achieved by 29, 31 and 31 (55%, 58% and 58%) patients, while ASDAS clinically important improvement (ASDAS-CII) was achieved by 37, 40 and 34 (70%, 75% and 64%) patients. WB-MRI remission criteria for spine, sacroiliac joints and peripheral joints and entheses were explored; total WB-MRI remission was attained by 2, 6 and 3 (4%, 11% and 6%) patients. At week 16, among 35 patients with an at least 50% reduction in the MRI Axial Inflammation Index (sacroiliac joint and spine inflammation), 29 (83%) achieved BASDAI50 and 35 (100%) achieved ASDAS-CII; among 16 patients with MRI axial inflammation non-response, 14 (88%) were BASDAI50 non-responders and 11 (69%) did not achieve ASDAS-CII. Conclusion WB-MRI demonstrated a significant reduction of inflammation in both the spine, sacroiliac joints and peripheral joints and entheses during golimumab treatment. Few patients achieved total WB-MRI remission. Combining spinal and sacroiliac joint inflammation in an MRI Axial Inflammation Index increased the ability to capture response. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02011386.
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Wassenaar, M. J. E., N. R. Biermasz, N. van Duinen, A. A. van der Klaauw, A. M. Pereira, F. Roelfsema, J. W. A. Smit, H. M. Kroon, M. Kloppenburg, and J. A. Romijn. "High prevalence of arthropathy, according to the definitions of radiological and clinical osteoarthritis, in patients with long-term cure of acromegaly: a case–control study." European Journal of Endocrinology 160, no. 3 (March 2009): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0845.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and rheumatological and radiological characteristics of arthropathy in patients after long-term cure of acromegaly in comparison with age-matched controls.DesignCase–control study.PatientsWe compared 89 patients with adequate biochemical control of acromegaly (mean 14 years) and 67 age-matched controls.MeasurementsStudy parameters were the results of symptom questionnaires, structured physical examination and radiographs of the spine, hip, knee and hand. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis was based on a) radiological osteoarthritis determined by Kellgren and Lawrence and b) clinical osteoarthritis determined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. For the radiological comparison with controls, a Dutch reference group was used.ResultsPain/stiffness at ≥1 joint site was reported by 72% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hands. Radiological osteoarthritis at ≥1 joint site was present in 99% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hip, and increased at all joint sites in comparison with controls (odds ratios: 2–20). Despite long-term cure of acromegaly, the characteristic widening of joint spaces was still present. In addition, severe osteophytosis was present. Representative radiographs of these typical features are included in the manuscript. According to the ACR criteria, clinical osteoarthritis at ≥1 joint site was present in 63% of patients, most frequently in the spine and hand. Patients had a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than controls at all joint sites according to all scoring methods and at a younger age.ConclusionsPrior GH excess has irreversible, deleterious late effects on the clinical and radiological aspects of joints in patients with long-term cure of acromegaly.
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Pencic, Marko, Branislav Borovac, Dusan Kovacevic, and Maja Cavic. "Development of the multi-segment lumbar spine for humanoid robots." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 2 (2016): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151005040p.

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The paper presents development of multi-segment lumbar structure based on the human spine. The research is performed within the project based on development of socially acceptable robot named "SARA". Two approaches for spine realization of humanoids exist: multi-joint viscoelastic structures (5-10 joints) that have variable flexibility and structures that consist of one joint - torso/waist joint, which has low elasticity and high stiffness. We propose multi-joint flexible structure with stiff, low backlash and self-locking mechanisms that require small actuators. Based on kinematic-dynamic requirements dynamical model of robot is formed. Dynamical simulation is performed for several postures of the robot and driving torques of lumbar structure are determined. During development of the lumbar structure 16 variant solutions are considered. Developed lumbar structure consists of three equal segments, it has 6 DOFs (2 DOFs per segment) and allows movements of lateral flexion ?30? and torsion ?45?, as well as the combination of these two movements. In development phase the movements of flexion/extension are excluded, for the bending of the body forward to an angle of 45? is achieved by rotation in the hip joints. Proposed solution of the lumbar structure is characterized by self-locking of mechanisms (if for any reason actuators stop working, lumbar structure retains current posture), low backlash (high positioning accuracy and repeatability of movements), compactness, high carrying capacity and small dimensions.
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De Kock, Isabelle, Pieter Hindryckx, Martine De Vos, Louke Delrue, Koenraad Verstraete, and Lennart Jans. "Prevalence of CT features of axial spondyloarthritis in patients with Crohn’s disease." Acta Radiologica 58, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116663043.

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Background The sacroiliac joint and spine are seen on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and may show structural lesions as part of spondyloarthritis. Purpose To determine the prevalence of CT features of spondyloarthritis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Material and Methods A retrospective study of structural lesions of spondyloarthritis on abdominal CT was performed. The sacroiliac joints and spine of 120 patients were studied: study group I consisted of 40 patients with known CD and inflammatory back pain, group II involved 40 patients with CD without inflammatory back pain, and group III consisted of 40 patients without known joint or inflammatory bowel disease. Recorded CT features included sclerosis, erosions or ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint, enthesopathy, spinal syndesmophytes, and costovertebral joint lesions. Results CT showed structural lesions of the sacroiliac joints in 19/40 (48%) patients with CD and inflammatory back pain (sclerosis [n = 14; 35%], erosions [n = 14; 35%], ankylosis [n = 3; 8%]), in 8/40 (8%) patients with CD without inflammatory back pain (sclerosis [n = 3; 8%], erosions [n = 4; 10%], ankylosis [n = 3; 8%]), and in 3/40 (8%) patients without known joint or bowel disease (sclerosis [n = 2; 5%], ankylosis [n = 1; 3%]). Syndesmophytes were exclusively seen in group I (n = 6; 15%). Conclusion CT of the abdomen in patients with CD and inflammatory back pain shows structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint, entheses, or spine in almost half of the patients. Awareness and knowledge of these findings may guide the referring clinician to further clinical evaluation, imaging, and biomarker evaluation of the disease.
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Zheng, Kangxing, Zihuan Wen, and Dehuai Li. "The Clinical Diagnostic Value of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation Based on MRI Images." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594920.

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MRI was used to measure the changes in the angle of the facet joints of the lumbar spine and analyze the relationship between it and the herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Analysis of the causes of lumbar disc herniation from the anatomy and morphology of the spine provides a basis for the early diagnosis and prevention of lumbar disc herniation. There is a certain correlation between the changes shown in MRI imaging of lumbar disc herniation and the TCM syndromes of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. There is a correlation between the syndromes of lumbar disc herniation and the direct signs of MRI: pathological type, herniated position, and degree of herniation. Indirect signs with MR, nerve root compression and dural sac compression, are related. The MRI examination results can help syndrome differentiation to improve its accuracy to a certain extent. MRI has high sensitivity for the measurement of the angle of the facet joints of the lumbar spine and can be used to study the correlation between the changes of the facet joint angles and the herniated disc. Facet joint asymmetry is closely related to lateral lumbar disc herniation, which may be one of its pathogenesis factors. The herniated intervertebral disc is mostly on the sagittal side of the facet joint, and the facet joint angle on the side of the herniated disc is more sagittal. The asymmetry of the facet joints is not related to the central lumbar disc herniation, and the angle of the facet joints on both sides of the central lumbar disc herniation is partial sagittal.
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Lebl, Darren R., and Federico P. Girardi. "Isolated cervical spine facet joint tumoral calcinosis." Spine Journal 13, no. 2 (February 2013): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2012.11.029.

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Barrett, Jeff Matthew, Colin McKinnon, and Jack P. Callaghan. "Cervical spine joint loading with neck flexion." Ergonomics 63, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2019.1677944.

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Bicket, Mark C., Elizabeth White, Peter J. Pronovost, Christopher L. Wu, Myron Yaster, and G. Caleb Alexander. "Opioid Oversupply After Joint and Spine Surgery." Anesthesia & Analgesia 128, no. 2 (February 2019): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000003364.

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Park, Moon Soo, Yong Beom Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Hwan-Mo Lee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Jong Byung Oh, and K. Daniel Riew. "Facet Joint Degeneration of the Cervical Spine." Spine 39, no. 12 (May 2014): E713—E718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000000326.

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Chichasova, N. V. "Differential diagnosis in joint and spine damages." Modern Rheumatology Journal 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2020-2-14-19.

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The lecture covers main approaches to differential diagnosis in rheumatic diseases. It highlights the key questions that should be answered at the primary examination of the patient. The most important signs that can identify severe, sometimes urgent nonrheumatic diseases are presented. The author describes pain of different patterns and intensity and the most common variants of acute or chronic onset of mono-, oligo-, or polyarthritis. The 2016 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) definition of arthralgia suspicious for the development of rheumatoid arthritis is given. The lecture presents the signs indicating the inflammatory nature of back pain in cases of suspected spondyloarthritis (SpA), as well as a two-step diagnostic strategy for axial SpA. Attention is paid to the semiotics of joint damage and extra-articular manifestations in various rheumatic diseases. A brief algorithm for a differential diagnostic search for joint pain is given.
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Sorokin, Andrea. "Texas Spine and Joint Hospital, Tyler, TX." October 2008 5;11, no. 10;5 (October 14, 2008): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/677.

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Background: Subdural migration of epidural catheters is well known and documented. Subdural placement of intrathecal catheters has not been recognized. Two cases of sudural placement of intrathecal catheters are presented. Objective: The possibility of subdural migration of epidural catheters and its manifestations has been well documented. The following 2 cases demonstrate that intrathecal catheters can enter the subdural space upon placement. Case Reports: The first case is a 52-year-old male with multiple sclerosis receiving a pump for intrathecal baclofen. It worked well for 10 years, but after 2 months of inadequate relief despite a 2-fold increase in baclofen, the catheter was imaged. The catheter pierced the arachnoid in the lower thoracic spine and tunneled subdural. It then pierced the arachnoid again, re-entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cephalad portion of the thoracic spine. Over time, the tip became covered with tissue, preventing direct CSF communication and causing subdural drug sequestration. The second case is a 54-year-old male with chronic bilateral lower extremity pain having a pump placed for pain control. Because of inadequate relief after implantation, the catheter was imaged. It pierced the arachnoid at L4-L5 but became subdural at T12-L1. At the time of surgical revision, the catheter was pulled back to L2. Repeat imaging showed it to be entirely subarachnoid, and analgesia was restored. Conclusions: These cases differ from others in the literature because the catheter was apparently subdural at the time of initial implantation. As these 2 cases demonstrate, this placement may manifest immediately, but it may remain undetected for a prolonged period. Initial subdural placement should be considered along with catheter migration into the subdural space in the differential of a malfunctioning pump. Key words: intrathecal catheter, subdural, migration
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Tiwari, Punit, Harmeet Kaur, and Vivek Jha. "Is thoracic facet joint arthritis over-reported? It’s time to review CT grading parameters - An analytical cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 30, no. 04 (October 2020): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijri.ijri_390_20.

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Abstract Background: In the absence of any exclusive classification for dorsal FJA, there is a lot of confusion while labelling grade 1 FJA in thoracic spine based on decreased FJ space. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know the facet joint space measurements in thoracic spine of asymptomatic and symptomatic participants and to comment whether the lower cut-off of 2 mm used in lumbar FJA classification can be safely applied in thoracic spine too. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. Patients above 18 years of age in this study who underwent CT thorax for causes unrelated to dorsal spinal pain were included. IBM SPSS Statistics v 26 was used for statistical analysis. Results: We measured and analysed 1512 thoracic facet joints in 63 patients (30 females and 33 males) in both axial and sagittal plane on CT scan. Mean age of the entire sample was 59.19 ± 15.19 years, ranging from 33 to 97 years and a standard error of mean 1.365 years. Overall mean thoracic facet joint space was measured to be 1.270 mm ± 0.3416 mm, ranging from 0 to 3.1 mm and a standard error of mean 0.0088 mm and a variance of 0.117 mm. The median was 1.300 mm while mode was 1.1 mm. Conclusion: The popular lumbar FJA classification by Weishupt et al. cannot be applied in its present form in thoracic spine, without the modification in parameters of grade 1 FJA. The lower cut-off of normal thoracic facet joint space probably lies around 1 mm. MeSH Terms: Zygapophyseal joints, dorsal, thoracic, facet joint, arthritis, classification
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Nishida, Kotaro, Tetsuhiro Iguchi, Akira Kurihara, Minoru Doita, Koichi Kasahara, and Shinichi Yoshiya. "Symptomatic Hematoma of Lumbar Facet Joint: Joint Apoplexy of the Spine?" Spine 28, no. 11 (June 2003): E206—E208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000068244.65543.55.

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MAKSYMOWYCH, WALTER P., ROBERT G. LAMBERT, L. STEVEN BROWN, and AILEEN L. PANGAN. "Defining the Minimally Important Change for the SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada Spine and Sacroiliac Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indices for Ankylosing Spondylitis." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 8 (July 1, 2012): 1666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120131.

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Objective.To define the minimally important change (MIC) in the SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) spine and sacroiliac (SI) joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Methods.MRI scans were performed during a placebo-controlled trial of adalimumab (no. NCT00195819). Two independent readers, blinded to treatment and sequence, determined SPARCC scores for the spine and SI joints and a global evaluation of change (GEC; “much worse,” “worse,” “no change,” “better,” or “much better”; categories other than “no change” were pooled together as “change”) between baseline–Week 12, baseline–Week 52, and Weeks 12–52. Mean absolute changes in SPARCC scores (95% CI) were calculated for each interval, treatment group, and GEC. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the MIC. Relationships of MIC to clinical responses were examined.Results.Reader agreement on GEC evaluations was > 70%. Changes in SPARCC scores were generally comparable between time intervals and treatment groups for “change” and “no change” categories and were combined for each category; change in score was significantly associated with GEC of “change” (area under ROC curves: spine 0.839; SI joints 0.960). ROC curves peaked at values of 5.0 for the spine and 2.5 for SI joints. Placebo-treated patients achieving > 2.5 unit improvement in SI joint score had significantly better clinical responses than placebo-treated patients who did not achieve such improvement. MRI and clinical responses were uncoupled in adalimumab-treated patients.Conclusion.We propose that changes of 5.0 for the spine and 2.5 for SI joints define the MIC for the SPARCC MRI indices.
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TISOT, RODRIGO ARNOLD, JULIANO DA SILVEIRA VIEIRA, DIEGO DA SILVA COLLARES, DARBY LIRA TISATTO, AUGUSTO PASINI, BRENDA GOBETTI, EDUARDO CORONEL, et al. "FACET JOINT DEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION AND PROBABLE DETERMINING FACTORS." Coluna/Columna 19, no. 4 (December 2020): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120201904222827.

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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate facet joint degeneration following surgical treatment in patients with lumbar disc herniation, seeking to correlate it with possible determining factors. Methods Cross-sectional observational study, which analyzed medical records, radiographs and magnetic resonance images of 287 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated surgically at the Spine Surgery Service of the Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo. Information about age and sex was collected. In the imaging exams, the following variables were evaluated: facet joint angulation and its tropism, measured by the Karacan method, sacral slope and lumbar lordosis, measured by the Cobb method, arthrosis of the interfacetary joints, measured by the Weishaupt classification, and intervertebral disc degeneration, measured by the Pfirrmann classification. Results A statistically significant relationship was observed between facet joint degeneration and age (p = 0.002), and also between facet joint degeneration and sacral slope (p = 0.038). No correlation was found between facet joint degeneration and lumbar lordosis (p = 0.934). It was found that the most degenerated facet joints were those that had the greatest facet joint asymmetry (tropism). However, the mean degree of facet tropism did not increase homogeneously with the progression of the joint degeneration score (p = 0.380). Conclusion It was verified that there are, in fact, a multiplicity of factors related to the degree of facet joint degeneration in the low lumbar spine. Additional studies, correlated with the asymmetry of the facet joints, would be important to elucidate better preventive management of this degeneration, aiming to avert secondary low back pain and sciatica with advancing age. Level of evidence II; Retrospective study.
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Rudolf, Leonard. "MIS Fusion of the SI Joint: Does Prior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Affect Patient Outcomes?" Open Orthopaedics Journal 7, no. 1 (May 17, 2013): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001307010163.

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Background: Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain is a challenging condition to manage as it can mimic discogenic or radicular low back pain, and present as low back, hip, groin and/or buttock pain. Patients may present with a combination of lumbar spine and SI joint symptoms, further complicating the diagnosis and treatment algorithm [1-3]. SI joint pain after lumbar spinal fusion has been reported in the literature. Both clinical and biomechanical studies show the SI joint to be susceptible to increased motion and stress at the articular surface with up to 40-75% of patients developing significant SI joint degeneration after 5 years. In a recent case series study of 50 patients who underwent minimally invasive SI joint arthrodesis, 50% had undergone previous lumbar spinal fusion and 18% had symptomatic lumbar spine pathology treated conservatively [4]. The purpose of this study is to determine if history of previous lumbar fusion or lumbar pathology affects patient outcomes after MIS SI joint fusion surgery. Methods: We report on 40 patients with 24 month follow up treated with MIS SI joint fusion using a series of triangular porous plasma coated titanium implants (iFuse, SI-Bone, Inc. San Jose, CA). Outcomes using a numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain were obtained at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24 month follow up intervals. Additionally, patient satisfaction was collected at the latest follow up interval. Patients were separated into 3 cohorts: 1) underwent prior lumbar spine fusion (PF), 2) no history of previous lumbar spine fusion (NF), 3) no history of previous lumbar spine fusion with symptomatic lumbar spine pathology treated conservatively (LP). A repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) was used to determine if the change in NRS pain scores differed across timepoints and subgroups. A decrease in NRS by 2 points was deemed clinically significant [5]. Results: Mean age was 54 (±13) years and varied slightly but not statistically between groups. All subgroups experienced a clinically and statistically significant reduction in pain at all time points (mean change >2 points, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant effect of cohort (p=0.045), with the NF cohort (no prior lumbar spinal fusion) having a somewhat greater decrease in pain (by approximately 1 point) compared to the other 2 groups (PF and LP).Patient reported satisfaction by cohort was: 89% (NF), 92% (PF) and 63% (LP).Overall satisfaction rate was 87%. Discussion and Conclusion: Patients with SI joint pain, regardless of prior lumbar spine fusion history, show significant improvement in pain after minimally invasive SI joint fusion. The presence of symptomatic lumbar spine pathology potentially confounds the treatment affect, as patients may not be able to discriminate between symptoms arising from the SI joint and the lumbar spine. These patients expressed a lower satisfaction with surgery. Patients without other confounding lumbar spine pathology and who have not undergone previous spine surgery tend to be younger and experience a greater reduction in pain.
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Saumarez, R. C. "An analysis of possible movements of human upper rib cage." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.2.678.

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A geometrically realistic mathematical model of the first six ribs and vertebrae of the human rib cage is described. Under the assumption that the individual elements of the rib cage do not deform significantly, the possible range of movements of the model are determined subject to the constraint that the joint surfaces remain in contact. It is shown that normal movements of the ribs cannot be described as a rotation about a single fixed axis. The possible movements of the ribs are analyzed in terms of the misfit incurred at the costovertebral joint surfaces. This analysis shows that there is a movement, corresponding to lateral expansion of the rib for an increase in anteroposterior diameter, in which the misfit at the joint is minimized and also that small deviations from this movement involve only very small degrees of misfit at the joint surfaces. It is concluded that many observed “deformations” of the chest wall can be explained by rigid ribs and normal movements at the costovertebral joints. The interaction between the ribs and the spine is analyzed. It is shown that there can be considerable independent movement of the sternum and the spine, thus allowing mobility of the spine without forcing concomitant movements of rib cage.
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Rozen, TD, JM Roth, and N. Denenberg. "Cervical Spine Joint Hypermobility: A Possible Predisposing Factor for New Daily Persistent Headache." Cephalalgia 26, no. 10 (October 2006): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01187.x.

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The objective of this study was to suggest that joint hypermobility (specifically of the cervical spine) is a predisposing factor for the development of new daily persistent headache (NDPH). Twelve individuals (10 female, 2 male) with primary NDPH were evaluated by one of two physical therapists. Each patient was tested for active cervical range of motion and for the presence of excessive intersegmental vertebral motion in the cervical spine. All patients were screened utilizing the Beighton score, which determines degree of systemic hypermobility. Eleven of the 12 NDPH patients were found to have cervical spine joint hypermobility. Ten of the 12 NDPH patients had evidence of widespread joint hypermobility with the Beighton score. Based on our findings we suggest that joint hypermobility, specifically of the cervical spine, may be a predisposing factor for the development of NDPH.
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Kong, W. Z., V. K. Goel, and L. G. Gilbertson. "Prediction of Biomechanical Parameters in the Lumbar Spine During Static Sagittal Plane Lifting." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798312.

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A combined approach involving optimization and the finite element technique was used to predict biomechanical parameters in the lumbar spine during static lifting in the sagittal plane. Forces in muscle fascicles of the lumbar region were first predicted using an optimization-based force model including the entire lumbar spine. These muscle forces as well as the distributed upper body weight and the lifted load were then applied to a three-dimensional finite element model of the thoracolumbar spine and rib cage to predict deformation, the intradiskal pressure, strains, stresses, and load transfer paths in the spine. The predicted intradiskal pressures in the L3-4 disk at the most deviated from the in vivo measurements by 8.2 percent for the four lifting cases analyzed. The lumbosacral joint flexed, while the other lumbar joints extended for all of the four lifting cases studied (rotation of a joint is the relative rotation between its two vertebral bodies). High stresses were predicted in the posterolateral regions of the endplates and at the junctions of the pedicles and vertebral bodies. High interlaminar shear stresses were found in the posterolateral regions of the lumbar disks. While the facet joints of the upper two lumbar segments did not transmit any load, the facet joints of the lower two lumbar segments experienced significant loads. The ligaments of all lumbar motion segments except the lumbosacral junction provided only marginal moments. The limitations of the current model and possible improvements are discussed.
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Herring, S. A., R. G. Watkins, and S. M. Weinstein. "THE SPINE IN SPORTS: A JOINT MINI-SYMPOSIUM ACSM/NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00538.

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Aizawa, Toshimi, Hiroshi Ozawa, Takeshi Hoshikawa, Takashi Kusakabe, and Eiji Itoi. "Severe Facet Joint Arthrosis Caused C7/T1 Myelopathy: A Case Report." Case Reports in Medicine 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/481459.

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Cervical myelopathy is caused by degenerative processes of the spine including intervertebral disc herniation and posterior spur usually developing at C3/4 to C5/6. C7/T1 single level myelopathy is very rare because of the anatomical characteristics. Facet joint arthrosis can be a cause of cervical myelopathy but only a few cases have been reported. The authors report an extremely rare case of C7/T1 myelopathy caused by facet joint arthrosis. A 58-year-old male presented with hand and gait clumsiness. The radiological examinations revealed severe C7/T1 facet joint arthrosis with bony spur extending into the spinal canal, which compressed the spinal cord laterally. The T1 spinous process indicated nonunion of a “clay-shoveler's” fracture, which suggested that his cervico-thoracic spine had been frequently moved, and thus severe arthrosis had occurred in the facet joints. A right hemilaminectomy of C7 and C7/T1 facetectomy with single level spinal fusion led to complete neurological improvement.
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Raynor, Richard B., James Pugh, and Ilan Shapiro. "Cervical facetectomy and its effect on spine strength." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 2 (August 1985): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.2.0278.

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✓ Fourteen cervical spine motion segments consisting of two adjacent vertebral bodies and their connecting ligaments were tested in shear. Five had intact facet joints, five had bilateral facetectomy of 50% or less, and four had bilateral 70% facetectomy. Three to 5 mm of root could be exposed in the specimens with 50% facetectomy, and 8 to 10 mm in those with 70% facetectomy. Anterior-posterior shear tests were run alternately in compression and distraction. Facetectomy was found to have no effect on compression and distraction stiffness. Failure in the 70% facetectomized specimens was due to fracture of the remaining joint at 159 lbs. In the specimens with 50% facetectomy, a fracture load could not be established since failure of the specimen mounting occurred at 208 lbs, as it did in two of the specimens without facetectomy that were tested to failure. The difference in bone fracture at 159 lbs and mounting failure at 208 lbs is significant at p < 0.05. Bilateral resection of more than 50% of the facet joint significantly compromises the shear strength of a cervical spine motion segment.
43

Zhu, Q. A., Y. B. Park, S. G. Sjovold, C. A. Niosi, D. C. Wilson, P. A. Cripton, and T. R. Oxland. "Can extra-articular strains be used to measure facet contact forces in the lumbar spine? An in-vitro biomechanical study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim290.

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Experimental measurement of the load-bearing patterns of the facet joints in the lumbar spine remains a challenge, thereby limiting the assessment of facet joint function under various surgical conditions and the validation of computational models. The extra-articular strain (EAS) technique, a non-invasive measurement of the contact load, has been used for unilateral facet joints but does not incorporate strain coupling, i.e. ipsilateral EASs due to forces on the contralateral facet joint. The objectives of the present study were to establish a bilateral model for facet contact force measurement using the EAS technique and to determine its effectiveness in measuring these facet joint contact forces during three-dimensional flexibility tests in the lumbar spine. Specific goals were to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the technique and to assess the effect of soft-tissue artefacts. In the accuracy and repeatability tests, ten uniaxial strain gauges were bonded to the external surface of the inferior facets of L3 of ten fresh lumbar spine specimens. Two pressure-sensitive sensors (Tekscan) were inserted into the joints after the capsules were cut. Facet contact forces were measured with the EAS and Tekscan techniques for each specimen in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending under a ±7.5 N m pure moment. Four of the ten specimens were tested five times in axial rotation and extension for repeatability. These same specimens were disarticulated and known forces were applied across the facet joint using a manual probe (direct accuracy) and a materials-testing system (disarticulated accuracy). In soft-tissue artefact tests, a separate set of six lumbar spine specimens was used to document the virtual facet joint contact forces during a flexibility test following removal of the superior facet processes. Linear strain coupling was observed in all specimens. The average peak facet joint contact forces during flexibility testing was greatest in axial rotation (71±25 N), followed by extension (27±35 N) and lateral bending (25±28 N), and they were most repeatable in axial rotation (coefficient of variation, 5 per cent). The EAS accuracy was about 20 per cent in the direct accuracy assessment and about 30 per cent in the disarticulated accuracy test. The latter was very similar to the Tekscan accuracy in the same test. Virtual facet loads (r.m.s.) were small in axial rotation (12 N) and lateral bending (20 N), but relatively large in flexion (34 N) and extension (35 N). The results suggested that the bilateral EAS model could be used to determine the facet joint contact forces in axial rotation but may result in considerable error in flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
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Kobayashi, Naomi, Hyonmin Choe, Hiroyuki Ike, Shota Higashihira, Daigo Kobayashi, Shintaro Watanabe, So Kubota, and Yutaka Inaba. "Evaluation of anterior inferior iliac spine impingement after hip arthroscopic osteochondroplasty using computer simulation analysis." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 230949902093553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020935533.

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Background: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) impingement is an important risk factor for revision hip arthroscopy. Although a morphological classification system is available, evaluating AIIS impingement with respect to joint kinematics remains a challenge. Purpose: To use computer simulation analysis to ascertain the prevalence of AIIS impingement before and after osteochondroplasty. Methods: A total of 35 joints from 30 cases (20 males and 10 females; average age: 43.3 ± 13.7 years) were analyzed. All joints had cam morphology and underwent hip arthroscopic osteochondroplasty. A three-dimensional model of each joint was constructed pre- and postoperatively. Joint kinematic simulation software (ZedHip®, Lexi, Tokyo) was used to identify the impingement point on the acetabular side and the incidence (expressed as a percentage) of AIIS impingement calculated. Radiographic and clinical evaluation was performed pre- and postoperatively. Results: AIIS impingement was observed postoperatively in six joints but preoperatively in only one joint. The rate of AIIS postoperative impingement was significantly higher than that of preoperative impingement. All impingement points were located on the inferior aspect of the AIIS apex. However, there were no significant differences between the AIIS impingement and non-impingement groups in terms of clinical outcome. Conclusion: The incidence of AIIS impingement after osteochondroplasty was 17% by computer simulation analysis. Osteochondroplasty may result in subsequent AIIS impingement.
45

Cartwright, Mont J., Daniel G. Nehls, Carlos A. Carrion, and Robert F. Spetzler. "Synovial Cyst of a Cervical Facet Joint: Case Report." Neurosurgery 16, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198506000-00024.

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Abstract Intraspinal synovial cysts are rare. Those reported have occurred in the lumbar region. We report a case of an extradural true synovial cyst of the cevical spine causing spastic paraparesis. The cyst occurred after a cervical spine fracture and, hence, was probably related to trauma. Surgical therapy resulted in a satisfactory recovery.
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Zaytseva, E. M., A. V. Smirnov, L. I. Alekseeva, E. M. Zaitseva, A. V. Smirnov, and L. I. Alekseeva. "Interrelation of bone mineral density with kneeosteoarthrosis." Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo2011119-20.

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Association of bone mineral density (BMD) of axial skeleton with age of the disease onset as well as with clinical traits and instrumental investigation findings has been studied in osteoarthritic patients. 116 females with primary knee OA, 74 ofwhich exhibited normal or increased BMD at lumbar spine and 42, with osteoporosis were included in the study. Knee joint pain was measured using visual analog scale (VAS). All the patients were subjected to X-ray analysis of their knee joints at two sites (OA stage was determined according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale), densitometry at lumbar spine and proximal femur using QDR-4500W (Hologic), MRT, and ultrasonography of the knee joints. We determined that the increasedBMD at lumbar spine was associated with early OA onset, more pronounced X-ray changes in the knee joints and higher frequency of varus deformation development in tibial bones.
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Charan, Rajat, Santosh Kumar, and Indrajeet Kumar. "MANAGEMENT OF FACET JOINT DISLOCATION OF CERVICAL SPINE." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 42 (May 24, 2017): 2558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/507.

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48

Schweitzer, Mark E., and David Karasick. "Spine and Joint Instability: Orthopedic and Radiologic Approaches." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 09, no. 01 (February 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-867095.

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49

Chung, Christine B. "Spine and Joint Instability: Orthopedic and Radiologic Approaches." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 09, no. 01 (February 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-867096.

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50

Thomas, Doina, and Klaus J. Schnake. "Radiofrequency facet joint denervation in the lumbar spine." European Spine Journal 26, S3 (September 2017): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5278-1.

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