Статті в журналах з теми "La Pallice"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: La Pallice.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "La Pallice".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Ganz, Julia, Volker Kroehne, Dorian Freudenreich, Anja Machate, Michaela Geffarth, Ingo Braasch, Jan Kaslin, and Michael Brand. "Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish pallium based on molecular marker analysis." F1000Research 3 (December 17, 2014): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5595.1.
Анотація:
Background: The telencephalon shows a remarkable structural diversity among vertebrates. In particular, the everted telencephalon of ray-finned fishes has a markedly different morphology compared to the evaginated telencephalon of all other vertebrates. This difference in development has hampered the comparison between different areas of the pallium of ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei of all other vertebrates. Various models of homology between pallial subdivisions in ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei in tetrapods have been proposed based on connectional, neurochemical, gene expression and functional data. However, no consensus has been reached so far. In recent years, the analysis of conserved developmental marker genes has assisted the identification of homologies for different parts of the telencephalon among several tetrapod species.Results: We have investigated the gene expression pattern of conserved marker genes in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) pallium to identify pallial subdivisions and their homology to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Combinatorial expression analysis of ascl1a, eomesa, emx1, emx2, emx3, and Prox1 identifies four main divisions in the adult zebrafish pallium. Within these subdivisions, we propose that Dm is homologous to the pallial amygdala in tetrapods and that the dorsal subdivision of Dl is homologous to part of the hippocampal formation in mouse. We have complemented this analysis be examining the gene expression of emx1, emx2 and emx3 in the zebrafish larval brain.Conclusions: Based on our gene expression data, we propose a new model of subdivisions in the adult zebrafish pallium and their putative homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Pallial nuclei control sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, like memory, learning and emotion. The identification of pallial subdivisions in the adult zebrafish and their homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods will contribute to the use of the zebrafish system as a model for neurobiological research and human neurodegenerative diseases.
2
Ganz, Julia, Volker Kroehne, Dorian Freudenreich, Anja Machate, Michaela Geffarth, Ingo Braasch, Jan Kaslin, and Michael Brand. "Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish pallium based on molecular marker analysis." F1000Research 3 (November 4, 2015): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5595.2.
Анотація:
Background: The telencephalon shows a remarkable structural diversity among vertebrates. In particular, the everted telencephalon of ray-finned fishes has a markedly different morphology compared to the evaginated telencephalon of all other vertebrates. This difference in development has hampered the comparison between different areas of the pallium of ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei of all other vertebrates. Various models of homology between pallial subdivisions in ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei in tetrapods have been proposed based on connectional, neurochemical, gene expression and functional data. However, no consensus has been reached so far. In recent years, the analysis of conserved developmental marker genes has assisted the identification of homologies for different parts of the telencephalon among several tetrapod species.Results: We have investigated the gene expression pattern of conserved marker genes in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) pallium to identify pallial subdivisions and their homology to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Combinatorial expression analysis of ascl1a, eomesa, emx1, emx2, emx3, and Prox1 identifies four main divisions in the adult zebrafish pallium. Within these subdivisions, we propose that Dm is homologous to the pallial amygdala in tetrapods and that the dorsal subdivision of Dl is homologous to part of the hippocampal formation in mouse. We have complemented this analysis be examining the gene expression of emx1, emx2 and emx3 in the zebrafish larval brain.Conclusions: Based on our gene expression data, we propose a new model of subdivisions in the adult zebrafish pallium and their putative homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Pallial nuclei control sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, like memory, learning and emotion. The identification of pallial subdivisions in the adult zebrafish and their homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods will contribute to the use of the zebrafish system as a model for neurobiological research and human neurodegenerative diseases.
3
Costa, Wagner, Déborah Idier, Jérémy Rohmer, Melisa Menendez, and Paula Camus. "Statistical Prediction of Extreme Storm Surges Based on a Fully Supervised Weather-Type Downscaling Model." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121028.
Анотація:
Increasing our capacity to predict extreme storm surges is one of the key issues in terms of coastal flood risk prevention and adaptation. Dynamically forecasting storm surges is computationally expensive. Here, we focus on an alternative data-driven approach and set up a weather-type statistical downscaling for daily maximum storm surge (SS) prediction, using atmospheric hindcasts (CFSR and CFSv2) and 15 years of tidal gauge station measurements. We focus on predicting the storm surge at La Rochelle–La Pallice tidal gauge station. First, based on a sensitivity analysis to the various parameters of the weather-type approach, we find that the model configuration providing the best performance in SS prediction relies on a fully supervised classification using minimum daily sea level pressure (SLP) and maximum SLP gradient, with 1° resolution in the northeast Atlantic domain as the predictor. Second, we compare the resulting optimal model with the inverse barometer approach and other statistical models (multi-linear regression; semi-supervised and unsupervised weather-types based approaches). The optimal configuration provides more accurate predictions for extreme storm surges, but also the capacity to identify unusual atmospheric storm patterns that can lead to extreme storm surges, as the Xynthia storm for instance (a decrease in the maximum absolute error of 50%).
4
Puelles, Luis. "Thoughts on the development, structure and evolution of the mammalian and avian telencephalic pallium." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1414 (October 29, 2001): 1583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0973.
Анотація:
Various lines of evidence suggest that the development and evolution of the mammalian isocortex cannot be easily explained without an understanding of correlative changes in surrounding areas of the telencephalic pallium and subpallium. These are close neighbours in a common morphogenetic field and are postulated as sources of some cortical neuron types (and even of whole cortical areas). There is equal need to explain relevant developmental evolutionary changes in the dorsal thalamus, the major source of afferent inputs to the telencephalon (to both the pallium and subpallium). The mammalian isocortex evolved within an initially small dorsal part of the pallium of vertebrates, surrounded by other pallial parts, including some with a non–cortical, nuclear structure. Nuclear pallial elements are markedly voluminous in reptiles and birds, where they build the dorsal ventricular ridge, or hypopallium, which has been recently divided molecularly and structurally into a lateral pallium and a ventral pallium. Afferent pallial connections are often simplified as consisting of thalamic fibres that project either to focal cell aggregates in the ventral pallium (predominant in reptiles and birds) or to corticoid areas in the dorsal pallium (predominant in mammals). Karten's hypothesis, put forward in 1969, on the formation of some isocortical areas postulates an embryonic translocation into the nascent isocortex of the ventropallial thalamorecipient foci and respective downstream ventropallial target populations, as specific layer IV, layers II– III, or layers V–VI neuron populations. This view is considered critically in the light of various recent data, contrasting with the alternative possibility of a parallel, separate evolution of the different pallial parts. The new scenario reveals as well a separately evolving tiered structure of the dorsal thalamus, some of whose parts receive input from midbrain sensory centres (collothalamic nuclei), whereas other parts receive oligosynaptic ‘lemniscal’ connections bypassing the midbrain (lemnothalamic nuclei). An ampler look into known hodological patterns from this viewpoint suggests that ancient collothalamic pathways, which target ventropallial foci, are largely conserved in mammals, while some emergent cortical connections can be established by means of new collaterals in some of these pathways. The lemnothalamic pathways, which typically target ancestrally the dorsopallial isocortex, show parallel increments of relative size and structural diversification of both the thalamic cell populations and the cortical recipient areas. The evolving lemnothalamic pathways may interact developmentally with collothalamic corticopetal collaterals in the modality–specific invasion of the emergent new areas of isocortex.
5
Medina, Loreta. "Histogenetic divisions, developmental mechanisms, and cortical evolution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 5 (October 2003): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03320126.
Анотація:
An alteration in the developmental mechanisms that regulate telencephalic patterning or pallial growth may have led to an enlargement of the dorsal pallium during evolution, and to the origin of isocortex. Developmental mechanisms that may have produced a pallial enlargement, and the parallelism of this event with the enlargement of the dorsal thalamus during evolution are discussed.
6
Bell, Susan Givens. "The Pharmacology of Palliative Care." Neonatal Network 23, no. 6 (November 2004): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.23.6.61.
Анотація:
THE VERB PALLIATE COMES FROM the Late Latin palliatus, past participle of palliare, to cloak, conceal. Merriam-Webster Online defines palliate as “to reduce the violence of (a disease)” or “to moderate the intensity of” something.1 Understanding the features of palliative care can challenge NICU staff, whose focus is primarily promotion of the neonate’s survival and healing. Many staff members may be ill prepared to assist the family of a newborn who is dying.2
7
Kechev, Mihail. "Diversity of long-legged flies (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) of the Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria and Serbia)." Historia naturalis bulgarica 42, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.42.041.
Анотація:
The present paper gives information about 61 dolichopodid species distributed in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria and Serbia. Twenty-two species, collected from 13 localities, are new to the Balkan Mountains and seven of them (Dolichopus longicornis, Hercostomus chetifer, Medetera pallipes, M. muralis, Neurigona quadrifasciata, N. pallida and Sciapus costea) are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Medetera pallipes and Sciapus costea are also new to the Balkan Peninsula. Thus, the total number of known species of the family Dolichopodidae for Bulgaria increases to 204.
8
Briscoe, Steven D., and Clifton W. Ragsdale. "Homology, neocortex, and the evolution of developmental mechanisms." Science 362, no. 6411 (October 11, 2018): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3711.
Анотація:
The six-layered neocortex of the mammalian pallium has no clear homolog in birds or non-avian reptiles. Recent research indicates that although these extant amniotes possess a variety of divergent and nonhomologous pallial structures, they share a conserved set of neuronal cell types and circuitries. These findings suggest a principle of brain evolution: that natural selection preferentially preserves the integrity of information-processing pathways, whereas other levels of biological organization, such as the three-dimensional architectures of neuronal assemblies, are less constrained. We review the similarities of pallial neuronal cell types in amniotes, delineate candidate gene regulatory networks for their cellular identities, and propose a model of developmental evolution for the divergence of amniote pallial structures.
9
Sotelo, María Inés, M. Florencia Daneri, Verner Peter Bingman, and Rubén N. Muzio. "Telencephalic Neuronal Activation Associated with Spatial Memory in the Terrestrial Toad Rhinella arenarum: Participation of the Medial Pallium during Navigation by Geometry." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 3-4 (2016): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447441.
Анотація:
Amphibians are central to discussions of vertebrate evolution because they represent the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, a transition with profound consequences for the selective pressures shaping brain evolution. Spatial navigation is one class of behavior that has attracted the interest of comparative neurobiologists because of the relevance of the medial pallium/hippocampus, yet, surprisingly, in this regard amphibians have been sparsely investigated. In the current study, we trained toads to locate a water goal relying on the boundary geometry of a test environment (Geometry-Only) or boundary geometry coupled with a prominent, visual feature cue (Geometry-Feature). Once learning had been achieved, the animals were given one last training session and their telencephali were processed for c-Fos activation. Compared to control toads exposed to the test environment for the first time, geometry-only toads were found to have increased neuronal labeling in the medial pallium, the presumptive hippocampal homologue, while geometry-feature toads were found to have increased neuronal labeling in the medial, dorsal, and lateral pallia. The data indicate medial pallial participation in guiding navigation by environmental geometry and lateral, and to a lesser extent dorsal, pallial participation in guiding navigation by a prominent visual feature. As such, participation of the medial pallium/hippocampus in spatial cognition appears to be a conserved feature of terrestrial vertebrates even if their life history is still tied to water, a brain-behavior feature seemingly at least as ancient as the evolutionary transition to life on land.
10
Srivastava, Sangeeta, Naveen K. Khare, and Anakshi Khare. "Three Pregnane Glycosides from Pergularia Pallida." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200106.
Анотація:
Three new pregnane glycosides designated as pergulinine, pallicine and pallicinine have been isolated from the chloroform soluble extract of Pergularia pallida. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence their structures were established as drevogenin P-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-cymaropyranoside, cissogenin-3-O-β-D-oleandropyranoside and calogenin-3-O-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-digitoxopyranoside, respectively.
11
Stacho, Martin, Christina Herold, Noemi Rook, Hermann Wagner, Markus Axer, Katrin Amunts, and Onur Güntürkün. "A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain." Science 369, no. 6511 (September 24, 2020): eabc5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5534.
Анотація:
Although the avian pallium seems to lack an organization akin to that of the cerebral cortex, birds exhibit extraordinary cognitive skills that are comparable to those of mammals. We analyzed the fiber architecture of the avian pallium with three-dimensional polarized light imaging and subsequently reconstructed local and associative pallial circuits with tracing techniques. We discovered an iteratively repeated, column-like neuronal circuitry across the layer-like nuclear boundaries of the hyperpallium and the sensory dorsal ventricular ridge. These circuits are connected to neighboring columns and, via tangential layer-like connections, to higher associative and motor areas. Our findings indicate that this avian canonical circuitry is similar to its mammalian counterpart and might constitute the structural basis of neuronal computation.
12
Aboitiz, Francisco, Daniver Morales, and Juan Montiel. "The evolutionary origin of the mammalian isocortex: Towards an integrated developmental and functional approach." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 5 (October 2003): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03000128.
Анотація:
The isocortex is a distinctive feature of mammalian brains, which has no clear counterpart in the cerebral hemispheres of other amniotes. This paper speculates on the evolutionary processes giving rise to the isocortex. As a first step, we intend to identify what structure may be ancestral to the isocortex in the reptilian brain. Then, it is necessary to account for the transformations (developmental, connectional, and functional) of this ancestral structure, which resulted in the origin of the isocortex. One long-held perspective argues that part of the isocortex derives from the ventral pallium of reptiles, whereas another view proposes that the isocortex originated mostly from the dorsal pallium. We consider that, at this point, evidence tends to favor correspondence of the isocortex with the dorsal cortex of reptiles. In any case, the isocortex may have originated partly as a consequence of an overall “dorsalizing” effect (that is, an expansion of the territories expressing dorsal-specific genes) during pallial development. Furthermore, expansion of the dorsal pallium may have been driven by selective pressures favoring the development of associative networks between the dorsal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and the hippocampus, which participated in spatial or episodic memory in the early mammals. In this context, sensory projections that in reptiles end in the ventral pallium, are observed to terminate in the isocortex (dorsal pallium) of mammals, perhaps owing to their participation in these associative networks.
13
Pushchina, Evgeniya V., Eva I. Zharikova, Anatoly A. Varaksin, Igor M. Prudnikov, and Vladimir N. Tsyvkin. "Proliferation, Adult Neuronal Stem Cells and Cells Migration in Pallium during Constitutive Neurogenesis and after Traumatic Injury of Telencephalon of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou." Brain Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040222.
Анотація:
A study of the lateral pallium in zebrafish and the visual tectum of the medaka revealed a population of adult neuroepithelial (NE) cells supported from the early stage of development to various postembryonic stages of ontogenesis. These data emphasize the importance of non-radial glial stem cells in the neurogenesis of adult animals, in particular fish. However, the distribution, cell cycle features, and molecular markers of NE cells and glial progenitors in fish are still poorly understood at the postembryonic stages of ontogenesis. Fetalization predominates in the ontogenetic development of salmon fish, which is associated with a delay in development and preservation of the features of the embryonic structure of the brain during the first year of life. In the present work, we studied the features of proliferation and the migration of neuronal precursors in the pallial proliferative zone of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the distribution of glial-type aNSCs markers, such as vimentin and glial fibrillar acid protein GFAP, as well as the proliferation marker BrdU and migratory neuronal precursor doublecortin, in the pallial zone of the intact telencephalon in juvenile O. masou normal and after mechanical injury. The immunohistochemical IHC labeling with antibodies to vimentin, GFAP and doublecortin in the pallium of intact fish revealed single, small, round and oval immunopositive cells, that correspond to a persistent pool of neuronal and/or glial progenitors. After the injury, heterogeneous cell clusters, radial glia processes, single and small intensely labeled GFAP+ cells in the parenchyma of Dd and lateral part of pallium (Dl) appeared, corresponding to reactive neurogenic niches containing glial aNSCs. A multifold increase in the pool of Vim+ neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) resulting from the injury was observed. Vim+ cells of the neuroepithelial type in Dd and Dm and cells of the glial type were identified in Dl after the injury. Doublecortine (Dc) immunolabeling after the injury revealed the radial migration of neuroblasts into Dm from the neurogenic zone of the pallium. The appearance of intensely labeled Dc+ cells in the brain parenchyma might indicate the activation of resident aNSCs as a consequence of the traumatic process.
14
Yun, K., S. Potter, and J. L. Rubenstein. "Gsh2 and Pax6 play complementary roles in dorsoventral patterning of the mammalian telencephalon." Development 128, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.2.193.
Анотація:
The telencephalon has two major subdivisions, the pallium and subpallium. The pallium, which primarily consists of glutamatergic cortical structures, expresses dorsal molecular markers, whereas the subpallium, which primarily consists of the GABAergic basal ganglia, expresses ventral molecular markers. Here, we present evidence that the progenitor and postmitotic cells flanking the pallial/subpallial boundary (PSB) in the embryonic mouse can be subdivided into multiple regions that express unique combinations of transcription factors. The domains that immediately flank the PSB are the ventral pallium (VP) and the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence (dLGE). The early expression of the Pax6 and Gsh2 homeobox transcription factors overlaps in the region of the dLGE. Analyses of mice that lack functional alleles of either Gsh2 or Pax6 demonstrate that these genes have complementary roles in patterning the primordia flanking the PSB. In the Gsh2 mutants, the dLGE is respecified into a VP-like structure, whereas in the Pax6 mutants the VP is respecified into a dLGE-like structure. The role of Pax6 in dorsalizing the telencephalon is similar to its role in the spinal cord, supporting the hypothesis that some dorsoventral patterning mechanisms are used at all axial levels of the central nervous system.
15
Elliott, S. Benjamin, and Leonard Maler. "Stimulus-induced up states in the dorsal pallium of a weakly electric fish." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 3 (September 2015): 2071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00666.2015.
Анотація:
We investigated the response of putative novelty-detecting neurons in the pallium of an electric fish to electrosensory and acoustic stimuli. Extracellular and whole cell patch recordings were made from neurons in the dorsal pallial nucleus (DD) of Apteronotus leptorhynchus. DD neurons were typically quiescent and exhibited hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials. Stimulation induced, with a variable long latency, rapid though transient depolarization and spike discharge. The transition between resting and depolarized/spiking states resembled the transition to Up states seen in mammalian telencephalic neurons.
16
Puelles, Luis. "Comments on the Updated Tetrapartite Pallium Model in the Mouse and Chick, Featuring a Homologous Claustro-Insular Complex." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 90, no. 2 (2017): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479782.
Анотація:
This essay reviews step by step the conceptual changes of the updated tetrapartite pallium model from its tripartite and early tetrapartite antecedents. The crucial observations in mouse material are explained first in the context of assumptions, tentative interpretations, and literature data. Errors and the solutions offered to resolve them are made explicit. Next, attention is centered on the lateral pallium sector of the updated model, whose definition is novel in incorporating a claustro-insular complex distinct from both olfactory centers (ventral pallium) and the isocortex (dorsal pallium). The general validity of the model is postulated at least for tetrapods. Genoarchitectonic studies performed to check the presence of a claustro-insular field homolog in the avian brain are reviewed next. These studies have indeed revealed the existence of such a complex in the avian mesopallium (though stratified outside-in rather than inside-out as in mammals), and there are indications that the same pattern may be found in reptiles as well. Peculiar pallio-pallial tangential migratory phenomena are apparently shared as well between mice and chicks. The issue of whether the avian mesopallium has connections that are similar to the known connections of the mammalian claustro-insular complex is considered next. Accrued data are consistent with similar connections for the avian insula homolog, but they are judged to be insufficient to reach definitive conclusions about the avian claustrum. An aside discusses that conserved connections are not a necessary feature of field-homologous neural centers. Finally, the present scenario on the evolution of the pallium of sauropsids and mammals is briefly visited, as highlighted by the updated tetrapartite model and present results.
17
Olivares-Hernández, Juan David, Martha Carranza, Jerusa Elienai Balderas-Márquez, David Epardo, Rosario Baltazar-Lara, José Ávila-Mendoza, Carlos G. Martínez-Moreno, Maricela Luna, and Carlos Arámburo. "Neuroprotective and Regenerative Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) in the Embryonic Chicken Cerebral Pallium Exposed to Hypoxic–Ischemic (HI) Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 9054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169054.
Анотація:
Prenatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury inflicts severe damage on the developing brain provoked by a pathophysiological response that leads to neural structural lesions, synaptic loss, and neuronal death, which may result in a high risk of permanent neurological deficits or even newborn decease. It is known that growth hormone (GH) can act as a neurotrophic factor inducing neuroprotection, neurite growth, and synaptogenesis after HI injury. In this study we used the chicken embryo to develop both in vitro and in vivo models of prenatal HI injury in the cerebral pallium, which is the equivalent of brain cortex in mammals, to examine whether GH exerts neuroprotective and regenerative effects in this tissue and the putative mechanisms involved in these actions. For the in vitro experiments, pallial cell cultures obtained from chick embryos were incubated under HI conditions (<5% O2, 1 g/L glucose) for 24 h and treated with 10 nM GH, and then collected for analysis. For the in vivo experiments, chicken embryos (ED14) were injected in ovo with GH (2.25 µg), exposed to hypoxia (12% O2) for 6 h, and later the pallial tissue was obtained to perform the studies. Results show that GH exerted a clear anti-apoptotic effect and promoted cell survival and proliferation in HI-injured pallial neurons, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Neuroprotective actions of GH were associated with the activation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 signaling pathways. Remarkably, GH protected mature neurons that were particularly harmed by HI injury, but was also capable of stimulating neural precursors. In addition, GH stimulated restorative processes such as the number and length of neurite outgrowth and branching in HI-injured pallial neurons, and these effects were blocked by a specific GH antibody, thus indicating a direct action of GH. Furthermore, it was found that the local expression of several synaptogenic markers (NRXN1, NRXN3, GAP-43, and NLG1) and neurotrophic factors (GH, BDNF, NT-3, IGF-1, and BMP4) were increased after GH treatment during HI damage. Together, these results provide novel evidence supporting that GH exerts protective and restorative effects in brain pallium during prenatal HI injury, and these actions could be the result of a joint effect between GH and endogenous neurotrophic factors. Also, they encourage further research on the potential role of GH as a therapeutic complement in HI encephalopathy treatments.
18
Ocaña, Francisco M., Sara Uceda, Jorge L. Arias, Cosme Salas, and Fernando Rodríguez. "Dynamics of Goldfish Subregional Hippocampal Pallium Activity throughout Spatial Memory Formation." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 90, no. 2 (2017): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478843.
Анотація:
The teleost fish hippocampal pallium, like the hippocampus of tetrapods, is essential for relational map-like spatial memories. In mammals, these relational memories involve the dynamic interactions among different hippocampal subregions and between the hippocampus-neocortex network, which performs specialized operations such as memory encoding and retrieval. However, how the teleost hippocampal homologue operates to achieve comparably sophisticated spatial cognition capabilities is largely unknown. In the present study, the progressive changes in the metabolic activity of the pallial regions that have been proposed as possible homologues of the mammalian hippocampus were monitored in goldfish. Quantitative cytochrome oxidase histochemistry was used to measure the level of activation along the rostrocaudal axis of the ventral (Dlv) and dorsal parts of the dorsolateral division (Dld) and in the dorsoposterior division (Dp) of the goldfish telencephalic pallium throughout the time course of the learning process of a spatial memory task. The results revealed a significant increase in spatial memory-related metabolic activity in the Dlv, but not in the Dld, suggesting that the Dlv, but not the Dld, is comparable to the amniote hippocampus. Regarding the Dlv, the level of activation of the precommissural Dlv significantly increased at training onset but progressively declined to finally return to the basal pretraining level when the animals mastered the spatial task. In contrast, the commissural Dlv activation persisted even when the acquisition phase was completed and the animal's performance reached an asymptotic level. These results suggest that, like the dentate gyrus of mammals, the goldfish precommissural Dlv seems to respond nonlinearly to increments of change in sensory input, performing pattern separation under highly dissimilar input patterns. In addition, like the CA3 of mammals, the commissural Dlv likely operates in a continuum between two modes, a pattern separation or storage operation mode at early acquisition when the change in the sensory input is high, probably driven by the precommissural Dlv output, and a pattern completion or recall operation mode when the animals have mastered the task and the change in sensory input is small. Finally, an unexpected result of the present study is the persistent activation of the area Dp throughout the complete spatial task training period, which suggests that the Dp could be an important component of the pallial network involved in spatial memory in goldfish, and supports the hypothesis proposing that the Dp is a specialized part of the hippocampal pallium network.
19
Гапонов, Сергей Петрович, Руссом Теклай Теуэльде, and Ольга Григорьевна Солодовникова. "Fauna of louse-flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) of the south-east of the Central Black soil region of Russia." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 3(59) (October 19, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio157.
Анотація:
В результате проведенных в 1990-2019 годах исследований выявлено 13 видов мух-кровососок. Из них 9 видов паразитируют на птицах: Crataerina hirundinis (L., 1758), Crataerina pallidа (Olivier, 1812), Ornithomya avicularia (L., 1758), Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836, Ornithomya chloropus Bergroth, 1901, Ornithoica turdi (Olivier, 1811), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864), Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcq., 1840), Icosta ardeae (Mcq., 1935) (подсемейство Ornithomyinae) и 4 вида - Hippobosca equina L., 1758, Hippobosca longipennis F., 1805 (подсемейство Hippoboscinae), Lipoptena cervi (L., 1758) и Melophagus ovinus (L., 1758) (подсемейство Lipopteninae) - на млекопитающих. Десять видов - C. hirundinis, C. pallidа, O. avicularia, O. fringillina, O. chloropus, P. canariensis, H. equina, H. longipennis, L. cervi и M. ovinus - осуществляют жизненный цикл на территории Воронежской области. Остальные виды, по-видимому, привносятся птицами с весенними перелетами и отмечаются ежегодно в апреле-мае на птицах; пупарии их обнаружены не были. Преобладающими видами кровососок птиц в регионе являются O. avicularia (42,29%), O. fringillina (29,57%) и C. hirundinis (12,56%). Среди кровососок, паразитирующих на млекопитающих, массовым видом является L. cervi. M. ovinus, C. hirundinis и C. pallidа - моноксенные виды, I. ardeae, P. canariensis, L. cervi, H. equina и H. longipennis - олигоксенные, остальные - поликсенные. Имаго наиболее широко распространенных видов - O. avicularia, O. fringillina, C. pallida, и C. hirundinis - имеют пик активности в мае-июле, приходящийся на прилет птиц, насиживание и выкармливание птенцов. Однако C. hirundinis при позднем отлете хозяев отмечается и в августе-сентябре. Массовый вид - L. cervi - обычен в сентябре-октябре During research in 1999-2020, 13 species of the louse-flies were identified in the south-east of the Central Black Soil Region of Russia. The flies were collected on 22 bird species and 7 mammal species. Nine species of loose flies - Crataerina hirundinis (L., 1758), Crataerina pallidа (Olivier, 1812), Ornithomya avicularia (L., 1758), Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836, Ornithomya chloropus Bergroth, 1901, Ornithoica turdi (Olivier, 1811), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864), Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcq., 1840), Icosta ardeae (Mcq., 1835) (подсемейство Ornithomyinae) - are parasites of birds while 4 species - Hippobosca equina L., 1758, Hippobosca longipennis F., 1805 (подсемейство Hippoboscinae), Lipoptena cervi (L., 1758) и Melophagus ovinus (L., 1758) (подсемейство Lipopteninae) - feed on blood of mammals. P. canariensis was found in the region for the first time. Ten species of Hippoboscidae - C. hirundinis, C. pallida, O. avicularia, O. fringillina, O. chloropus, P. canariensis, H. equina, H. longipennis, L. cervi, and M. ovinus - reproduce and carry out their life cycles in Voronezh Region. The rest species - Icosta ardeae, Ornithoica turdi, and Ornithophila metallica, are introduced into the region by migratory birds. The predominant species were O. avicularia (42,29%), O. fringillina (29,57%), C. hirundinis (12,56%). Among parasites of mammals, L. cervi is a mass and wide spread species in the region. M. ovinus, Crataerina hirundinis, and Crataerina pallidа - monoxenous, P. canariensis, Icosta ardeae, L. cervi, H. equina, and H. longipennis - olygoxenous, while the rest of the species were polyxenous parasites of birds. All louse-flies species were found on birds and their nestlings in April-May, however C. hirundinis was also common on the second nestlings in August-September. Mass species, L. cervi, is usual in September-October.
20
Garcia-Calero, Elena, Lara López-González, Margaret Martínez-de-la-Torre, Chen-Ming Fan, and Luis Puelles. "Sim1-expressing cells illuminate the origin and course of migration of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the mouse amygdala." Brain Structure and Function 226, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 519–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02197-1.
Анотація:
AbstractWe focus this report on the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT), a superficial amygdalar nucleus receiving olfactory input. Mixed with its Tbr1-expressing layer 2 pyramidal cell population (NLOT2), there are Sim1-expressing cells whose embryonic origin and mode of arrival remain unclear. We examined this population with Sim1-ISH and a Sim1-tauLacZ mouse line. An alar hypothalamic origin is apparent at the paraventricular area, which expresses Sim1 precociously. This progenitor area shows at E10.5 a Sim1-expressing dorsal prolongation that crosses the telencephalic stalk and follows the terminal sulcus, reaching the caudomedial end of the pallial amygdala. We conceive this Sim1-expressing hypothalamo-amygdalar corridor (HyA) as an evaginated part of the hypothalamic paraventricular area, which participates in the production of Sim1-expressing cells. From E13.5 onwards, Sim1-expressing cells migrated via the HyA penetrate the posterior pallial amygdalar radial unit and associate therein to the incipient Tbr1-expressing migration stream which swings medially past the amygdalar anterior basolateral nucleus (E15.5), crosses the pallio-subpallial boundary (E16.5), and forms the NLOT2 within the anterior amygdala by E17.5. We conclude that the Tbr1-expressing NLOT2 cells arise strictly within the posterior pallial amygdalar unit, involving a variety of required gene functions we discuss. Our results are consistent with the experimental data on NLOT2 origin reported by Remedios et al. (Nat Neurosci 10:1141–1150, 2007), but we disagree on their implication in this process of the dorsal pallium, observed to be distant from the amygdala.
21
Mitić, Bożena, Toni Nikolić, and Zlatko Liber. "Morphological and anatomical relationships in Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 69, no. 4 (2014): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2000.038.
Анотація:
The relationships within the <em>Alpine-Dinaric</em> and cultivated populations of the genus <em>Iris</em>, <em>Pallidae</em> series, have been analysed. Seven morphological characteristics (stem length, length of the largest leaf, greatest width of the largest leaf, length of the smallest leaf, greatest width of the smallest leaf, the number of leaves and the number of flowers) and seven leaf anatomical (length and width of stomata, length and width of epidermal cells, number of stomata and epidermal cells per mm'- and length of styloids) have been used for this purpose. Relationships between populations were analysed by methods of multivariate statistics (Cluster, PCA and MST analyses). The results of Cluster and PCA analyses showed that, owing to leaf anatomical features, five main groups of the populations could be distinguished within the <em>Pallidae</em> series. Four of them belong to the species <em>L. pallida</em>, <em>L. cengialti</em>, <em>L. illyrica</em> and <em>I. pseudopallida</em>. The MST analyses showed that the fifth group contained mixed populations of <em>I. illyrica</em> and <em>I. pseudopallida</em>. The results point at the lack of taxonomic usefulness of the leaf anatomical features analysed and indicate that they caused successive geographical differentiation of the populations of the <em>Pallidae</em> series.
22
László, Zsófia I., Kinga Bercsényi, Mátyás Mayer, Kornél Lefkovics, Gábor Szabó, István Katona, and Zsolt Lele. "N-cadherin (Cdh2) Maintains Migration and Postmitotic Survival of Cortical Interneuron Precursors in a Cell-Type-Specific Manner." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 1318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz168.
Анотація:
Abstract The multiplex role of cadherin-based adhesion complexes during development of pallial excitatory neurons has been thoroughly characterized. In contrast, much less is known about their function during interneuron development. Here, we report that conditional removal of N-cadherin (Cdh2) from postmitotic neuroblasts of the subpallium results in a decreased number of Gad65-GFP-positive interneurons in the adult cortex. We also found that interneuron precursor migration into the pallium was already delayed at E14. Using immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay in the embryonic subpallium, we excluded decreased mitosis and elevated cell death as possible sources of this defect. Moreover, by analyzing the interneuron composition of the adult somatosensory cortex, we uncovered an unexpected interneuron-type-specific defect caused by Cdh2-loss. This was not due to a fate-switch between interneuron populations or altered target selection during migration. Instead, potentially due to the migration delay, part of the precursors failed to enter the cortical plate and consequently got eliminated at early postnatal stages. In summary, our results indicate that Cdh2-mediated interactions are necessary for migration and survival during the postmitotic phase of interneuron development. Furthermore, we also propose that unlike in pallial glutamatergic cells, Cdh2 is not universal, rather a cell type-specific factor during this process.
23
Синайко, В. В. "Results of Various Methods of Palliative Treatment of Adult Patients with Brain Damage from Glioblastoma IDHWT." Евразийский онкологический журнал, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2023.11.1.017.
Анотація:
Цель. Оценить результаты различных методов паллиативного лечения взрослых пациентов с поражением головного мозга глиобластомой IDHWT. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 276 пациентов с глиобластомой IDHWT (статус по шкале Карновского ≤60%), у 132 из которых проведено только хирургическое лечение, у 52 – операция и паллиативная лучевая терапия (паллиЛТ), у 42 – операция и паллиативная химиотерапия либо химиолучевая терапия (паллиХТ/ ХЛТ) и у 50 – операция и паллиХТ/ХЛТ с последующим проведением до 6 курсов ТМЗ (паллиЛТ/ХЛТ + ТМЗ). Оценка выживаемости проводилась по методу Каплана – Мейера. Для анализа влияния основных клинических факторов на выживаемость использовалась модель пропорциональных рисков Кокса. Статистическая обработка результатов проводилась с использованием программы SPSS Statistics v. 19. Результаты. Единственным независимым прогностическим фактором, ассоциированным с выживаемостью без прогрессирования болезни (ВБПБ) и общей выживаемостью (ОВ), была схема паллиативного лечения. Медиана и 1-летняя ВБПБ при хирургическом лечении составила 2,6±0,2 мес. и 1,1±1,1%, операции + паллиЛТ – 3,1±0,3 мес. и 0%, операции + паллиХТ/ХЛТ – 4,5±1,0 мес. и 11,8±5,4%, паллиЛТ/ХЛТ + ТМЗ – 8,3±0,8 мес. и 27,2±6,4% (р=0,634 между группами только хирургического лечения и операции + паллиЛТ; между остальными группами различия статистически значимы, диапазон рот 0,011 до <0,001). Медиана и 1-летняя ОВ при только хирургическом лечении составила 2,9±0,3 мес. и 2,6±1,5%, операции + паллиЛТ – 4,0±0,5 мес. и 6,5±3,6%, операции + паллиХТ/ХЛТ – 6,4±1,2 мес. и 33,5±7,5%, паллиЛТ/ ХЛТ + ТМЗ – 12,4±0,6 мес. и 57,8±7,0% (различия между группами статистически значимы, диапазон р от 0,004 до <0,001). Заключение. Проведение любого из методов паллиативного лечения после операции позволяет повысить продолжительность жизни взрослых пациентов с глиобластомой IDHWT, однако наилучшие результаты выживаемости были достигнуты при проведении ХТ с ТМЗ после завершения послеоперационной паллиЛТ/ХЛТ. Purpose. To evaluate the results of various methods of palliative treatment of adult patients with brain damage from glioblastoma IDHWT. Materials and methods. The study included 276 patients with IDHWT glioblastoma (Karnofsky status ≤60%), 132 of whom underwent surgery alone, 52 underwent surgery and palliative radiotherapy (palliRT), 42 underwent surgery and palliative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (palliChT/ChRT) and 50 had surgery and palliRT/ChRT followed by up to 6 courses of TMZ (palliRT/ChRT + TMZ). Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the impact of major clinical factors on survival. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics v. 19. Results. The only independent prognostic factor associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was the palliative treatment regimen. The median and 1-year PFS with surgical treatment was 2.6±0.2 months and 1.1±1.1%, surgery + palliRT – 3.1±0.3 months and 0%, surgery + palliRT/ChRT – 4.5±1.0 months and 11.8±5.4%, palliRT/ ChRT + TMZ – 8.3±0.8 months and 27.2±6.4% (p=0.634 between groups of surgery alone and surgery + palliRT; differences between other groups are statistically significant, p range from 0.011 to <0.001). The median and 1-year OS for surgical treatment alone was 2.9±0.3 months and 2.6±1.5%, surgery + palliRT – 4.0±0.5 months and 6.5±3.6%, surgery + palliRT/ChRT – 6.4±1.2 months and 33.5±7.5%, palliRT/ChRT + TMZ – 12.4±0.6 months and 57.8±7.0% (differences between groups are statistically significant, p range from 0.004 to <0.001). Conclusion. Any type of palliative treatment after surgery can increase the life expectancy of adult patients with glioblastoma IDHWT, but the best survival results have been achieved with chemotherapy with TMZ after completion of postoperative palliative RT/ChRT.
24
Belgard, T. G., J. F. Montiel, W. Z. Wang, F. Garcia-Moreno, E. H. Margulies, C. P. Ponting, and Z. Molnar. "Adult pallium transcriptomes surprise in not reflecting predicted homologies across diverse chicken and mouse pallial sectors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 32 (July 22, 2013): 13150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307444110.
25
Jones, Lucy, Guillermina López-Bendito, Peter Gruss, Anastassia Stoykova, and Zoltán Molnár. "Pax6 is required for the normal development of the forebrain axonal connections." Development 129, no. 21 (November 1, 2002): 5041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.21.5041.
Анотація:
The transcription factor PAX6 has been implicated in forebrain patterning,cerebral cortical arealization and in development of thalamocortical connections. Using a Pax6/lacZ knockout mouse, in which the endogenous Pax6 expression is reflected by β-galactosidase activity, we have studied the consequences of the loss of Pax6function on thalamocortical (TCA) and corticofugal axon (CFA) pathfinding during the period of embryonic day (E) 14.5 to E18.5. Carbocyanine dye tracing in Pax6 heterozygotes (Pax6+/-) and Pax6wild-type (Pax6+/+) brains revealed that CFAs and TCAs temporarily arrested their growth at E14.5 at the border of theβ-galactosidase-positive region at the pallial/subpallial boundary(PSPB), before they continued towards their targets. However, in Pax6homozygous (Pax6-/-) embryos, CFAs and TCAs were unable to encounter each other at the PSPB and reach their final targets. Instead of crossing the PSPB, they had the tendency to descend into the ventral pallium in large aberrant fascicles. In addition, cells with a presumptive guide-post function, which are normally situated in the ventral thalamus, internal capsule and hypothalamus, were more dispersed in the hypothalamus and ventral pallium. These pathfinding defects were confirmed by immunohistochemistry for L1 and TAG1, markers of the early axonal connections. The aberrant development of axonal connections in absence of Pax6 function appear to be related to ultrastructural defects of cells along the PSPB, as well as to a failure of axonal guidance molecule expression, including Sema3c and Sema5a.
26
Pushchina, Evgeniya V., Eva I. Zharikova та Anatoly A. Varaksin. "Mechanical Brain Injury Increases Cells’ Production of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Glutamine Synthetase, but Reduces Pax2 Expression in the Telencephalon of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 3 (28 січня 2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031279.
Анотація:
The considerable post-traumatic brain recovery in fishes makes them a useful model for studying the mechanisms that provide reparative neurogenesis, which is poorly represented in mammals. After a mechanical injury to the telencephalon in adult fish, lost neurons are actively replaced due to the proliferative activity of neuroepithelial cells and radial glia in the neurogenic periventricular zone. However, it is not enough clear which signaling mechanisms are involved in the activation of adult neural stem cells (aNSC) after the injury (reactive proliferation) and in the production of new neurons (regenerative neurogenesis) from progenitor cells (NPC). In juvenile Pacific salmon, the predominant type of NSCs in the telencephalon are neuroepithelial cells corresponding to embryonic NSCs. Expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), a NSC molecular marker, was detected in the neuroepithelial cells of the pallium and subpallium of juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. At 3 days after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in juvenile chum salmon, the GS expression was detected in the radial glia corresponding to aNSC in the pallium and subpallium. The maximum density of distribution of GS+ radial glia was found in the dorsal pallial region. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a proneurogenic factor that reduces oxidative stress and excitotoxicity effects, along with the increased GS production in the brain cells of juvenile chum salmon. In the fish brain, H2S producing by cystathionine β-synthase in neurogenic zones may be involved in maintaining the microenvironment that provides optimal conditions for the functioning of neurogenic niches during constitutive neurogenesis. After injury, H2S can determine cell survivability, providing a neuroprotective effect in the area of injury and reducing the process of glutamate excitotoxicity, acting as a signaling molecule involved in changing the neurogenic environment, which leads to the reactivation of neurogenic niches and cell regeneration programs. The results of studies on the control of the expression of regulatory Sonic Hedgehog genes (Shh) and the transcription factors Paired Box2 (Pax2) regulated by them are still insufficient. A comparative analysis of Pax2 expression in the telencephalon of intact chum salmon showed the presence of constitutive patterns of Pax2 expression in neurogenic areas and non-neurogenic parenchymal zones of the pallium and subpallium. After mechanical injury, the patterns of Pax2 expression changed, and the amount of Pax2+ decreased (p < 0.05) in lateral (Dl), medial (Dm) zones of the pallium, and the lateral zone (Vl) of the subpallium compared to the control. We believe that the decrease in the expression of Pax2 may be caused by the inhibitory effect of the Pax6 transcription factor, whose expression in the juvenile salmon brain increases upon injury.
27
Arif, St Lathifa Sabrina, and Andi Agustang. "Sistem Sosial Budaya Tradisi Pallipa Putewe’ Pada Masyarakat Dusun Katteong Kecamatan Mattiro Sompe Kabupaten Pinrang." Jurnal Sosialisasi: Jurnal Hasil Pemikiran, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Keilmuan Sosiologi Pendidikan 1, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/sosialisasi.v1i3.36739.
Анотація:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Gambaran sistem budaya tradisi pallipa putewe’ pada masyarakat Dusun Katteong Kecamatan Mattiro Sompe Kabupaten Pinrang dan 2) Nilai pendidikan yang terkandung dalam tradisi pallipa putewe’ pada masyarakat Dusun Katteong Kecamatan Mattiro Sompe Kabupaten Pinrang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 10 orang yang ditentukan melalui teknik purpose sampling dengan kriteria orang yang meyakini tradisi pallipa putewe’ dan juru kunci makam pallipa putewe. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawacara, dokumtasi, dan observasi. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan member check. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Gambaran sistem sosial budaya tradisi pallipa putewe pada masyarakat Dusun Katteong Kecamatan Mattiro Sompe Kabupaten Pinrang yaitu Gagasan sebagai pengetahuan anggota masyarakat terkait tradisi pallipa putewe’. Nilai yakni nilai kepercayaan terkait tradisi pallipa putewe masih terlaksana sampai sekarang, nilai resiprositas sebagai anggapan nilai tukar antara juru kunci makam dan orang yang meyakini dalam tradisi pallipa putewe’, nilai tanggung jawab sebagai anggapan anggota masyarakat mengenai individu atau kelompok yang bertanggung jawab dalam tradisi pallipa putewe’. Norma sebagai aturan yang dijunjung tradisi pallipa putewe’ sebagai pedoman mengenai hal-hal tabu atau larangan dalam tradisi pallipa putewe’. 2) Nilai pendidikan yang terkandung dalam tradisi pallipa putewe pada masyarakat Dusun Katteong Kecamatan Mattiro Sompe Kabupaten Pinrang yaitu nilai religius dimana dalam tradisi pallipa putewe terdapat hal-hal positif yang dapat diserap anak cucu atau generasi selanjutnya dan adanya toleransi kepada masyarakat non muslim dalam tradisi pallipa putewe’. Nilai cinta tanah air dalam hal ini budaya terkhusus tradisi pallipa putewe dimana adanya anggota masyarakat yang berusaha dalam mempertahankan tradisi pallipa putewe, dan adanya masyarakat yang memprioritaskan tradisi pallipa putewe’ serta tidak adanya perubahan-perubahan yang signifikan dalam tradisi pallipa putewe kecuali tidak dilaksanakannya tradisi upacara dua terakhir karena sulitnya izin karemaian dan demi kepentingan khalayak masyarakat.
28
Fernandez, A. S., C. Pieau, J. Reperant, E. Boncinelli, and M. Wassef. "Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three molecularly distinct domains in the telencephalon of mouse, chick, turtle and frog embryos: implications for the evolution of telencephalic subdivisions in amniotes." Development 125, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 2099–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.11.2099.
Анотація:
Homologies between vertebrate forebrain subdivisions are still uncertain. In particular the identification of homologs of the mammalian neocortex or the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) of birds and reptiles is still a matter of dispute. To get insight about the organization of the primordia of the main telencephalic subdivisions along the anteroposterior axis of the neural tube, a fate map of the dorsal prosencephalon was obtained in avian chimeras at the 8- to 9-somite stage. At this stage, the primordia of the pallium, DVR and striatum were located on the dorsal aspect of the prosencephalon and ordered caudorostrally along the longitudinal axis of the brain. Expression of homeobox-containing genes of the Emx, Dlx and Pax families were used as markers of anteroposterior developmental subdivisions of the forebrain in mouse, chick, turtle and frog. Their expression domains delineated three main telencephalic subdivisions in all species at the onset of neurogenesis: the pallial, intermediate and striatal neuroepithelial domains. The fate of the intermediate subdivisions diverged, however, between species at later stages of development. Homologies between forebrain subdivisions are proposed based on the conservation and divergence of these gene expression patterns.
29
Ruiz-Reig, Nuria, Belen Andres, Thomas Lamonerie, Thomas Theil, Alfonso Fairén, and Michèle Studer. "The caudo-ventral pallium is a novel pallial domain expressing Gdf10 and generating Ebf3-positive neurons of the medial amygdala." Brain Structure and Function 223, no. 7 (June 4, 2018): 3279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1687-0.
30
Mitić, Bożena, Toni Nikolić, and Zlatko Liber. "Morphological and karyological relationship within Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 70, no. 3 (2014): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2001.029.
Анотація:
The relationships within the Alpine-Dinaric and cultivated populations of the genus <em>Iris</em>, Pallidae series, have been analysed by methods of multivariate statistics (Cluster, PCA and MST analyses). The bases for multivariate analyses were seven morphological characteristics (stem length, length of largest leaf, greatest width of the largest leaf, length of smallest leaf, greatest width of the smallest leaf, the number of leaves and the number of flowers) and relative chromosome length for 12 chromosome pairs. In spite of two similar looking isolated populations (Stara Baška and Konavle), the presence of four groups within the series was established, to which a species status can be ascribed: <em>I. pallida</em> Lam. separated as a horticultural species, /. <em>cengialti</em> Ambr. - endemic in Alpine region, /. <em>illyrica</em> Tomm. - endemic to the northern Adriatic Littoral and <em>I. pseudopallida</em> Trinajstić - endemic to the southern Adriatic Littoral. To differentiate the established groups, in PCA analysis the most significant features turned out to be: relative chromosome length of eleventh and tenth chromosome pairs, the length of the smallest leaf, relative chromosome length of the seventh chromosome pair and length of the stem.
31
Jiménez, Sara, and Nerea Moreno. "ANALYSIS OF THE PALLIAL AMYGDALA IN ANURANS: DERIVATIVES AND CELLULAR COMPONENTS." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, May 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525018.
Анотація:
The amygdaloid complex plays a crucial role in socio-emotional conduct, learning, survival, and reproductive behaviors. It is constituted by a set of nuclei presenting a great cellular heterogeneity and embryonic origin diversity (pallial, subpallial and even extra-telencephalic). In the last two decades, the tetrapartite pallial paradigm defined the pallial portion of the amygdala as a derivative of the lateroventral pallium. However, the pallial conception is currently being reanalyzed and one of these new proposals is to consider the mouse pallial amygdala as a radial histogenetic domain independent from the rest of the pallial subdomains. In anamniotes, and particularly in amphibian anurans, the amygdaloid complex was described as a region with pallial and subpallial components similar to those described in amniotes. In the present study carried out in Xenopus laevis, after a detailed analysis of the orientation of the amygdalar radial glia, we propose an additional amygdala derived from the pallial region. It is independent of the vomeronasal/olfactory amygdaloid nuclei described in anurans, expresses markers such as Lhx9 present in the mammalian pallial amygdala, and lacks Otp-expressing cells, detected in the adjacent medial amygdala. Further studies are needed to clarify the functional involvement of this area, and whether it is a derivative of the adjacent ventral pallium or an independent pallial domain.
32
Giarrocco, Franco, and Bruno B. Averbeck. "Anatomical organization of forebrain circuits in the primate." Brain Structure and Function, October 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02586-8.
Анотація:
AbstractThe primate forebrain is a complex structure. Thousands of connections have been identified between cortical areas, and between cortical and sub-cortical areas. Previous work, however, has suggested that a number of principles can be used to reduce this complexity. Here, we integrate four principles that have been put forth previously, including a nested model of neocortical connectivity, gradients of connectivity between frontal cortical areas and the striatum and thalamus, shared patterns of sub-cortical connectivity between connected posterior and frontal cortical areas, and topographic organization of cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamocortical circuits. We integrate these principles into a single model that accounts for a substantial amount of connectivity in the forebrain. We then suggest that studies in evolution and development can account for these four principles, by assuming that the ancestral vertebrate pallium was dominated by medial, hippocampal and ventral–lateral, pyriform areas, and at most a small dorsal pallium. The small dorsal pallium expanded massively in the lineage leading to primates. During this expansion, topological, adjacency relationships were maintained between pallial and sub-pallial areas. This maintained topology led to the connectivity gradients seen between cortex, striatum, pallidum, and thalamus.
33
Mazzitelli-Fuentes, Laura S., Fernanda R. Román, Julio R. Castillo Elías, Emilia B. Deleglise, and Lucas A. Mongiat. "Spatial Learning Promotes Adult Neurogenesis in Specific Regions of the Zebrafish Pallium." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (May 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.840964.
Анотація:
Adult neurogenesis could be considered as a homeostatic mechanism that accompanies the continuous growth of teleost fish. As an alternative but not excluding hypothesis, adult neurogenesis would provide a form of plasticity necessary to adapt the brain to environmental challenges. The zebrafish pallium is a brain structure involved in the processing of various cognitive functions and exhibits extended neurogenic niches throughout the periventricular zone. The involvement of neuronal addition as a learning-related plastic mechanism has not been explored in this model, yet. In this work, we trained adult zebrafish in a spatial behavioral paradigm and evaluated the neurogenic dynamics in different pallial niches. We found that adult zebrafish improved their performance in a cue-guided rhomboid maze throughout five daily sessions, being the fish able to relearn the task after a rule change. This cognitive activity increased cell proliferation exclusively in two pallial regions: the caudal lateral pallium (cLP) and the rostral medial pallium (rMP). To assessed whether learning impinges on pallial adult neurogenesis, mitotic cells were labeled by BrdU administration, and then fish were trained at different periods of adult-born neuron maturation. Our results indicate that adult-born neurons are being produced on demand in rMP and cLP during the learning process, but with distinct critical periods among these regions. Next, we evaluated the time course of adult neurogenesis by pulse and chase experiments. We found that labeled cells decreased between 4 and 32 dpl in both learning-sensitive regions, whereas a fraction of them continues proliferating over time. By modeling the population dynamics of neural stem cells (NSC), we propose that learning increases adult neurogenesis by two mechanisms: driving a chained proliferation of labeled NSC and rescuing newborn neurons from death. Our findings highlight adult neurogenesis as a conserved source of brain plasticity and shed light on a rostro-caudal specialization of pallial neurogenic niches in adult zebrafish.
34
Judaš, Miloš. "F. K. Studnička (1894): Fishes and amphibians also have the cerebral cortex." Translational Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13380-011-0010-9.
Анотація:
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide translation of probably the first report (Studnička 1894) demonstrating that the telencephalon of all vertebrate taxa (including fishes and amphibians) is characterized by the presence of the cerebral cortex (pallium). This report was one of those initiating a century-long and still not fully resolved discussion concerning homologies of various pallial subdivisions in different vertebrate taxa and probably the first to draw attention to the importance of careful study of the pallium in representatives of agnathans (Cyclostomes) such as lampreys (Petromyzonts) and hagfishes (Myxinoids). This article also briefly reviews the current status of comparative research on vertebrate telencephalon, and provides historical notes which position Studnička’s report in its historical context.
35
Marcy, Guillaume, Louis Foucault, Elodie Babina, Timothy Capeliez, Emeric Texeraud, Stefan Zweifel, Christophe Heinrich, et al. "Single-cell analysis of the postnatal dorsal V-SVZ reveals a role for Bmpr1a signaling in silencing pallial germinal activity." Science Advances 9, no. 18 (May 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq7553.
Анотація:
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the largest neurogenic region of the postnatal forebrain, containing neural stem cells (NSCs) that emerge from both the embryonic pallium and subpallium. Despite of this dual origin, glutamatergic neurogenesis declines rapidly after birth, while GABAergic neurogenesis persists throughout life. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the postnatal dorsal V-SVZ for unraveling the mechanisms leading to pallial lineage germinal activity silencing. We show that pallial NSCs enter a state of deep quiescence, characterized by high bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, reduced transcriptional activity and Hopx expression, while in contrast, subpallial NSCs remain primed for activation. Induction of deep quiescence is paralleled by a rapid blockade of glutamatergic neuron production and differentiation. Last, manipulation of Bmpr1a demonstrates its key role in mediating these effects. Together, our results highlight a central role of BMP signaling in synchronizing quiescence induction and blockade of neuronal differentiation to rapidly silence pallial germinal activity after birth.
36
Medina, Loreta, Antonio Abellán, and Ester Desfilis. "Evolving Views on the Pallium." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, October 15, 2021, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519260.
Анотація:
The pallium is the largest part of the telencephalon in amniotes, and comparison of its subdivisions across species has been extremely difficult and controversial due to its high divergence. Comparative embryonic genoarchitecture studies have greatly contributed to propose models of pallial fundamental divisions, which can be compared across species and be used to extract general organizing principles as well as to ask more focused and insightful research questions. The use of these models is crucial to discern between conservation, convergence or divergence in the neural populations and networks found in the pallium. Here we provide a critical review of the models proposed using this approach, including tetrapartite, hexapartite and double-ring models, and compare them to other models. While recognizing the power of these models for understanding brain architecture, development and evolution, we also highlight limitations and comment on aspects that require attention for improvement. We also discuss on the use of transcriptomic data for understanding pallial evolution and advise for better contextualization of these data by discerning between gene regulatory networks involved in the generation of specific units and cell populations versus genes expressed later, many of which are activity dependent and their expression is more likely subjected to convergent evolution.
37
Nagasaka, Arata, and Takaki Miyata. "Comparison of the Mechanical Properties Between the Convex and Concave Inner/Apical Surfaces of the Developing Cerebrum." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (July 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.702068.
Анотація:
The inner/apical surface of the embryonic brain wall is important as a major site for cell production by neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We compared the mechanical properties of the apical surfaces of two neighboring but morphologically distinct cerebral wall regions in mice from embryonic day (E) E12–E14. Through indentation measurement using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we first found that Young’s modulus was higher at a concave-shaped apical surface of the pallium than at a convex-shaped apical surface of the ganglionic eminence (GE). Further AFM analysis suggested that contribution of actomyosin as revealed with apical surface softening by blebbistatin and stiffness of dissociated NPCs were both comparable between pallium and GE, not accounting for the differential apical surface stiffness. We then found that the density of apices of NPCs was greater, with denser F-actin meshwork, in the apically stiffer pallium than in GE. A similar correlation was found between the decreasing density between E12 and E14 of NPC apices and the declining apical surface stiffness in the same period in both the pallium and the GE. Thus, one plausible explanation for the observed difference (pallium > GE) in apical surface stiffness may be differential densification of NPC apices. In laser ablation onto the apical surface, the convex-shaped GE apical surface showed quicker recoils of edges than the pallial apical surface did, with a milder inhibition of recoiling by blebbistatin than in pallium. This greater pre-stress in GE may provide an indication of how the initially apically concave wall then becomes an apically convex “eminence.”
38
Medina, Loreta, Antonio Abellán, Lorena Morales, Alessandra Pross, Alek H. Metwalli, Alba González-Alonso, Júlia Freixes, and Ester Desfilis. "Evolution and development of amygdala subdivisions: pallial, subpallial and beyond." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, October 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527512.
Анотація:
The amygdala is a central node in functional networks regulating emotions, social behavior and social cognition. It develops in the telencephalon and includes pallial and subpallial parts, but these are extremely complex with multiple subdivisions, cell types and connections. The homology of the amygdala in non-mammals is highly controversial, especially for the pallial part, and we are still far from understanding general principles on its organization that are common to different groups. Here we review data on the adult functional architecture and developmental genoarchitecture of the amygdala in different amniotes (mammals and sauropsids), which are helping to disentangle and to better understand this complex structure. The use of an evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) approach has helped to distinguish three major divisions in the amygdala, derived from the pallium, the subpallium and from a newly identified division called telencephalon-opto-hypothalamic domain (TOH). This approach has also helped to identify homologous cell populations with identical embryonic origins and molecular profiles in the amygdala of different amniotes. While subpallial cells produce different subtypes of GABAergic neurons, the pallium and TOH are major sources of glutamatergic cells. Available data point to a development-based molecular code that contributes to shape distinct functional subsystems in the amygdala, and comparative genoarchitecture is helping to delineate the cells involved in same subsystems in non-mammals. Thus, the evodevo approach can provide crucial information to understand common organizing principles of the amygdalar cells and networks that control behavior, emotions and cognition in amniotes.
39
Morales, Lorena, Alba González-Alonso, Ester Desfilis, and Loreta Medina. "Precise Mapping of Otp Expressing Cells Across Different Pallial Regions Throughout Ontogenesis Using Otp-Specific Reporter Transgenic Mice." Frontiers in Neural Circuits 16 (February 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2022.831074.
Анотація:
Taking advantage of two Otp-specific reporter lines of transgenic mice (Otp-eGFP and Otp-Cre; Rpl22-HA), we identify and describe different Otp cell populations across various pallial regions, including the pallial amygdala, the piriform cortex, the mesocortex, the neocortex, and the hippocampal complex. Some of these populations can be followed throughout development, suggesting migration from external sources (for example, those of the pallial amygdala and at least some of the cingulate cortex). Other cells become visible during postnatal development (some of those in the neocortex and hippocampal formation) or in adulthood (those of the parahippocampal lobe), and seem to be produced locally. We discuss the possible role of Otp in these different populations during different moments of ontogenesis. We also analyze the connectivity patterns of some of these cells and discuss their functional implications. For example, our data suggest that Otp cells of the pallial amygdala might be engaged in networks with other Otp cells of the medial amygdala with the same embryonic origin, and may regulate specific aspects of social behavior. Regarding Otp cells in the parahippocampal lobe, they seem to be projection neurons and may regulate hippocampal function during spatial navigation and memory formation. The two reporter transgenic mice employed here provide very powerful tools for high precision studies on these different Otp cells of the pallium, but careful attention should be paid to the age and to differences between lines.
40
Fujita, Toshiyuki, Naoya Aoki, Eiko Fujita, Toshiya Matsushima, Koichi J. Homma, and Shinji Yamaguchi. "The chick pallium displays divergent expression patterns of chick orthologues of mammalian neocortical deep layer-specific genes." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56960-4.
Анотація:
AbstractThe avian pallium is organised into clusters of neurons and does not have layered structures such as those seen in the mammalian neocortex. The evolutionary relationship between sub-regions of avian pallium and layers of mammalian neocortex remains unclear. One hypothesis, based on the similarities in neural connections of the motor output neurons that project to sub-pallial targets, proposed the cell-type homology between brainstem projection neurons in neocortex layers 5 or 6 (L5/6) and those in the avian arcopallium. Recent studies have suggested that gene expression patterns are associated with neural connection patterns, which supports the cell-type homology hypothesis. However, a limited number of genes were used in these studies. Here, we showed that chick orthologues of mammalian L5/6-specific genes, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 and connective tissue growth factor, were strongly expressed in the arcopallium. However, other chick orthologues of L5/6-specific genes were primarily expressed in regions other than the arcopallium. Our results do not fully support the cell-type homology hypothesis. This suggests that the cell types of brainstem projection neurons are not conserved between the avian arcopallium and the mammalian neocortex L5/6. Our findings may help understand the evolution of pallium between birds and mammals.
41
Puelles, Luis. "Current status of the hypothesis of a claustro-insular homolog in sauropsids." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, November 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520742.
Анотація:
The author worked before on the wide problem of the evolution of the vertebrate pallium. He proposed various Bauplan models based in the definition of a set of pallial sectors with characteristic (topologically invariant) mutual relationships and distinct molecular profiles. Out of one of these models, known as the ‘updated tetrapartite pallium model’, a modified definition of the earlier lateral pallium sector (LPall) emerged, which characterized it in mammals as consisting of an unitary claustro-insular transitional (mesocortical) complex intercalated between neocortex or dorsal pallium (DPall) above and olfactory cortex or ventral pallium (VPall) underneath. A distinctive molecular marker of the early-born deep claustral component of the LPall was found to be the transcription factor Nr4a2, which is not expressed significantly in the overlying insular cortex or in adjoining cortical territories (Puelles 2014). Given that earlier comparative studies had identified molecularly and topologically comparable VPall, LPall and DPall sectors in the avian pallium, an avian Nr4a2 probe was applied aiming to identify the reportedly absent avian claustro-insular complex. An early-born superficial subpopulation of the avian LPall that expresses selectively this marker through development was indeed found. This was proposed to be a claustrum homolog, whereas the remaining Nr4a2-negative avian LPall cells were assumed to represent a possible insular homolog (Puelles et al. 2016a). This last notion was supported by comparable selective expression of the mouse insular marker Cyp26b, also found restricted to the avian LPall (Puelles 2017). Some published data suggested that similar molecular properties and structure apply at the reptilian LPall. This analysis was reviewed in Puelles et al. (2017). The present commentary discusses 3-4 years later some international publications accrued in the interval that touch on the claustro-insular homology hypothesis. Some of them are opposed to the hypothesis whereas others corroborate or support it. This raises a number of secondary issues of general interest.
42
Moreau, Matthieu X., Yoann Saillour, Andrzej W. Cwetsch, Alessandra Pierani, and Frédéric Causeret. "Single-cell transcriptomics of the early developing mouse cerebral cortex disentangle the spatial and temporal components of neuronal fate acquisition." Development 148, no. 14 (July 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.197962.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT In the developing cerebral cortex, how progenitors that seemingly display limited diversity end up producing a vast array of neurons remains a puzzling question. The prevailing model suggests that temporal maturation of progenitors is a key driver in the diversification of the neuronal output. However, temporal constraints are unlikely to account for all diversity, especially in the ventral and lateral pallium where neuronal types significantly differ from their dorsal neocortical counterparts born at the same time. In this study, we implemented single-cell RNAseq to sample the diversity of progenitors and neurons along the dorso-ventral axis of the early developing pallium. We first identified neuronal types, mapped them on the tissue and determined their origin through genetic tracing. We characterised progenitor diversity and disentangled the gene modules underlying temporal versus spatial regulations of neuronal specification. Finally, we reconstructed the developmental trajectories followed by ventral and dorsal pallial neurons to identify lineage-specific gene waves. Our data suggest a model by which discrete neuronal fate acquisition from a continuous gradient of progenitors results from the superimposition of spatial information and temporal maturation.
43
Rodríguez-Moldes, Isabel, Idoia Quintana-Urzainqui, Gabriel Nicolás Santos-Durán, Susana Ferreiro-Galve, Santiago Pereira-Guldrís, María Candás, Sylvie Mazan, and Eva Candal. "Identifying Amygdala-Like Territories in <b><i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i></b> (Chondrichthyan): Evidence for a Pallial Amygdala." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, October 18, 2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519221.
Анотація:
To identify the putative amygdalar complex in cartilaginous fishes, our first step was to obtain evidence that supports the existence of a pallial amygdala in the catshark <i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i>, at present the prevailing chondrichthyan model in comparative neurobiology and developmental biology. To this end, we analyzed the organization of the lateral walls of the telencephalic hemispheres of adults, juveniles, and early prehatching embryos by immunohistochemistry against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), somatostatin (SOM), Pax6, serotonin (5HT), substance P (SP), and Met-enkephalin (MetEnk), calbindin-28k (CB), and calretinin (CR), and by in situ hybridization against regulatory genes such as <i>Tbr1</i>, <i>Lhx9</i>, <i>Emx1</i>, and <i>Dlx2</i>. Our data were integrated with those available from the literature related to the secondary olfactory projections in this shark species. We have characterized two possible amygdalar territories. One, which may represent a ventropallial component, was identified by its chemical signature (moderate density of Pax6-ir cells, scarce TH-ir and SOM-ir cells, and absence of CR-ir and CB-ir cells) and gene expressions (<i>Tbr1</i> and <i>Lhx9</i> expressions in an <i>Emx1</i> negative domain, as the ventral pallium of amniotes). It is perhaps comparable to the lateral amygdala of amphibians and the pallial amygdala of teleosts. The second was a territory related to the pallial-subpallial boundary with abundant Pax6-ir and CR-ir cells, and 5HT-ir, SP-ir, and MetEnk-ir fibers capping dorsally the area superficialis basalis. This olfactory-related region at the neighborhood of the pallial-subpallial boundary may represent a subpallial amygdala subdivision that possibly contains migrated cells of ventropallial origin.
44
López-Mengual, Ana, Miriam Segura-Feliu, Raimon Sunyer, Héctor Sanz-Fraile, Jorge Otero, Francina Mesquida-Veny, Vanessa Gil, et al. "Involvement of Mechanical Cues in the Migration of Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Marginal Zone During Neocortical Development." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (May 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.886110.
Анотація:
Emerging evidence points to coordinated action of chemical and mechanical cues during brain development. At early stages of neocortical development, angiogenic factors and chemokines such as CXCL12, ephrins, and semaphorins assume crucial roles in orchestrating neuronal migration and axon elongation of postmitotic neurons. Here we explore the intrinsic mechanical properties of the developing marginal zone of the pallium in the migratory pathways and brain distribution of the pioneer Cajal-Retzius cells. These neurons are generated in several proliferative regions in the developing brain (e.g., the cortical hem and the pallial subpallial boundary) and migrate tangentially in the preplate/marginal zone covering the upper portion of the developing cortex. These cells play crucial roles in correct neocortical layer formation by secreting several molecules such as Reelin. Our results indicate that the motogenic properties of Cajal-Retzius cells and their perinatal distribution in the marginal zone are modulated by both chemical and mechanical factors, by the specific mechanical properties of Cajal-Retzius cells, and by the differential stiffness of the migratory routes. Indeed, cells originating in the cortical hem display higher migratory capacities than those generated in the pallial subpallial boundary which may be involved in the differential distribution of these cells in the dorsal-lateral axis in the developing marginal zone.
45
Demski, Leo S., and Joel A. Beaver. "The Cytoarchitecture of the Tectal-Related Pallium of Squirrelfish, Holocentrus sp." Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 16 (April 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.819365.
Анотація:
The squirrelfish, which live in visually complex coral reefs, have very large eyes and a special dual-system “day and night vision” retina. They also have atypical expansions of brain areas involved in processing visual information. The midbrain tectum sends information via diencephalic relay to two enlarged dorsal telencephalic regions. The latter include a superficial dorsal/lateral “cortex-like area” of small to medium-sized cells [area dorsalis telencephali, pars lateralis-dorsal region (dorsal segment); Dld1] which projects to an underlying dorsocentral region of relatively large cells (the area dorsalis telencephali, pars centralis-dorsal region; Dcd) which in turn reconnects with the tectum. Additionally, the cerebellum is also involved in this pathway. The hypertrophied pallial regions, termed the tectal-related pallium (TRP), most likely exert major influences on a variety of visually-related sensorimotor systems. This research aimed at better establishing the cellular structures and possible connections within the TRP. Nissl and rapid Golgi staining, biotinylated dextran amine tracing and cell-filling, and electron microscopy were used in this study. For gross observation of the pallial areas and plotting of the study sites, a mini-atlas of transverse and horizontal sections was constructed. This research better documented the known cellular elements of the TRP and defined two novel cell types. Species differences in the TRP may be related to possible differences in behavior and ecology.
46
Jiménez, Sara, and Nerea Moreno. "Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, October 6, 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519025.
Анотація:
Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.
47
Rohilla, Kusum K., C. Vasantha Kalyani, Amit Gupta, Sweety Gupta, Manoj Gupta, and Nirmal Matella. "Development and Validation of Palliative Care Bundle for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer “PALLICR”." South Asian Journal of Cancer, April 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764377.
Анотація:
Background The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive palliative care bundle “PALLICR” for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients. Materials and Methods The present study was an exploratory study with instrument validation design which was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India. A total of 25 advance cancer patients were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Results The newly developed PALLICR bundle consists of six items under three subfactors, that is, functional recovery, resilience, and quality of life. The final version of bundle with six items of PALLICR bundle was validated and showed a good fit to provide palliative care to advanced GBC patients. Standardized scales, that is, palliative care outcome scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life scale for patients and caregiver strain index for caregivers were used for evaluation of PALLICR bundle effectiveness. Conclusion PALLICR bundle is valid and reliable methods to provide palliative care to advanced GBC patients.
48
Deryckere, Astrid, Jamie Woych, Eliza C. B. Jaeger, and Maria Antonietta Tosches. "Molecular diversity of neuron types in the salamander amygdala and implications for amygdalar evolution." Brain, Behavior and Evolution, December 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527899.
Анотація:
The amygdala is a complex brain structure in the vertebrate telencephalon, essential for regulating social behaviors, emotions and (social) cognition. In contrast to the vast majority of neuron types described in the many nuclei of the mammalian amygdala, little is known about the neuronal diversity in non-mammals, making reconstruction of its evolution particularly difficult. Here, we characterize glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Our single-cell RNA sequencing data indicate the existence of at least ten distinct types and subtypes of glutamatergic neurons in the salamander amygdala. These neuron types are molecularly distinct from neurons in the ventral pallium, suggesting that the pallial amygdala and the ventral pallium are two separate areas in the telencephalon. In situ hybridization for marker genes indicates that amygdalar glutamatergic neuron types are located in three major subdivisions: the lateral amygdala, the medial amygdala, and a newly-defined area demarcated by high expression of the transcription factor Sim1. The gene expression profiles of these neuron types suggest similarities with specific neurons in the sauropsid and mammalian amygdala. In particular, we identify Sim1+ and Sim1+ Otp+ expressing neuron types, potentially homologous to the mammalian nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) and to hypothalamic-derived neurons of the medial amygdala, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal a surprising diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of salamanders, despite the anatomical simplicity of their brain. These results offer new insights on the cellular and anatomical complexity of the amygdala in tetrapod ancestors.
49
Shabangu, Thando, Hung-Lun Chen, Zi-hui Zhuang, Alessandra Pierani, Chien-Fu F. Chen, and Shen-Ju Chou. "Specific contribution of neurons from the Dbx1 lineage to the piriform cortex." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (April 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86512-8.
Анотація:
AbstractThe piriform cortex (PC) is a major cortical processing center for the sense of smell that receives direct inputs from the olfactory bulb. In mice, the PC consists of three neuronal layers, which are populated by cells with distinct developmental origins. One origin of PC neurons is the pool of Dbx1-expressing neural progenitors located in the ventral pallium at the pallial-subpallial boundary. Since the precise mechanisms of PC neuron development are largely unknown, we sought to define the distribution, timing of neurogenesis, morphology and projection patterns of PC neurons from the Dbx1 lineage. We found that Dbx1-lineage neurons are preferentially distributed in layer 2 and enriched in the ventral portion of the PC. Further, Dbx1 neurons are early-born neurons and contribute to most neuronal subtypes in the PC. Our data also revealed an enrichment of Dbx1-lineage neurons in the ventral anterior PC that project to the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a specific association between the developmental origin of PC neurons and their neuronal properties.
50
Yang, Yan, Qian Wang, Shu-Rong Wang, Yi Wang, and Qian Xiao. "Representation of time interval entrained by periodic stimuli in the visual thalamus of pigeons." eLife 6 (December 29, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.27995.
Анотація:
Animals use the temporal information from previously experienced periodic events to instruct their future behaviors. The retina and cortex are involved in such behavior, but it remains largely unknown how the thalamus, transferring visual information from the retina to the cortex, processes the periodic temporal patterns. Here we report that the luminance cells in the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami (DLA) of pigeons exhibited oscillatory activities in a temporal pattern identical to the rhythmic luminance changes of repetitive light/dark (LD) stimuli with durations in the seconds-to-minutes range. Particularly, after LD stimulation, the DLA cells retained the entrained oscillatory activities with an interval closely matching the duration of the LD cycle. Furthermore, the post-stimulus oscillatory activities of the DLA cells were sustained without feedback inputs from the pallium (equivalent to the mammalian cortex). Our study suggests that the experience-dependent representation of time interval in the brain might not be confined to the pallial/cortical level, but may occur as early as at the thalamic level.