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Статті в журналах з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Pugh, Cedric. "Housing and Land Policies in Delhi." Journal of Urban Affairs 13, no. 3 (October 1991): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1991.tb00261.x.

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2

LIM, Tai Wei. "Housing Policies in Hong Kong." East Asian Policy 12, no. 01 (January 2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930520000094.

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Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam presented her housing policies at the 2019 annual address in broad strokes, including using ordinances to resume undeveloped land in accordance with the law. The Hong Kong government could use its regulatory power as disincentives for private development of land given the highly bureaucratic, time-consuming and expensive land development approval process. The Hong Kong government would also work jointly with private sector landlords to potentially develop public housing and profit-driven projects, which would then be negotiated based on the Hong Kong government’s terms and conditions.
3

Granath Hansson, Anna. "Inclusionary housing policies in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Stuttgart, Germany." Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research 14, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30672/njsr.75140.

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Affordable housing shortage and concerns about social and income segregation have become a focal point of housing policy debate in many Western countries, and inclusionary housing policies (IH) have become widespread. IH is a term that summarizes municipal ambitions to spur the inclusion of affordable housing in otherwise market-rate projects through development restrictions. This article investigates IH policy objectives and outcomes of policies applied by the German city of Stuttgart and a Swedish pilot project in the city of Gothenburg. Although IH policies in the two countries generally have very similar objectives and incentive structures, underlying slow-moving institutions decide fundamental traits of the fast-moving institution of IH. In the Swedish case, allocation methods of low-rent apartments under the unitary housing system might prevent targeted polices such as IH from functioning as intended. In the German case, IH is integrated into the existing social and affordable housing system. Therefore its social objectives are not contested, although the limitation of private property rights and the incentive structures of developers are bound to be discussed. Irrespective of the housing system, the extent of public land ownership might also be a decisive factor in whether to implement IH policies or not. In Stuttgart, where public land ownership is limited, IH policies might be an effective way to produce affordable housing, as alternatives, including finding inexpensive land for public production, are limited. As Gothenburg municipality owns most of the land available for housing development, has a planning monopoly and public housing companies with good financial standing, it might find other, quicker and possibly less costly, ways to develop affordable housing than applying IH, especially if it is implemented mainly through public investors.
4

Ho, Tien Her, and Chia Nung Li. "Rethinking of Supply and Demand of Residential Land in Taiwan's Most Popular Housing Markets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1954.

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In Taiwan, the strongest demand for housing is located in New Taipei City and Taoyuan County. It needs to use policies and systems to adjust the housing market timely and relieve the situation of supply and demand in the urban area. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the trends of the population growth in Taiwan, understand the current status of land use in the metropolitan area, study the possible schedules and issues about the release and use of all kinds of residential lands and public lands, consult some foreign cases and laws and domestic land policies, examine the supply and demand of residential land as well as the relevant supporting systems, assess the feasibility of the introduction of land reservation system, propose a strategy of adjustment of the supply and demand of residential land as well as the re-use of public lands, build the system framework of the supply and demand of housing market, in order to reduce the risk of an imbalance of the supply and demand of housing market in the future.
5

Sarkar, Anindo, Udayan Dhavalikar, Vikram Agrawal, and Sebastian Morris. "Examination of Affordable Housing Policies in India." Business and Management Horizons 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v4i1.9508.

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In this paper we critique the Government of India’s programmes for affordable housing in India, namely the Rajiv Awas Yojana and Housing for All 2022. We analyse the efficacy of these policies in being able to provide the sections of the population who are unable to avail housing from the formal market, both through direct support and most importantly in addressing the many distortions that have made the housing unnecessarily expensive, while taking away much of the value to consumers. We argue that while these programmes and policies are a major advancement over the previous approaches, they do not fully exploit the potential that is there in an increased FSI, appropriate exploitation of locational value, judicious use of government land, reform of titles and squatter rights, and more efficient land use regulations. They are also constrained by an inability to distinguish between what the markets can be coaxed to deliver and where state intervention becomes necessary.
6

Pugh, Cedric. "Land policies and low-income housing in developing countries." Land Use Policy 9, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(92)90034-t.

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7

ZHANG, Beibei. "Why Is Japan’s Housing Vacancy Rate So High? A History of Postwar Housing Policy." Social Science Japan Journal 23, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyz041.

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Abstract This article provides an explanation for Japan’s current vacant housing crisis. While existing explanations usually ascribe the crisis to demographic factors or individual governmental policies, this article seeks to transcend those explanations by situating the vacant housing phenomenon within a broader social, economic, and historical context. Drawing on historical materials, the empirical analysis deciphers how the state has subordinated housing development to the overarching objective of economic growth through the manipulation of housing finance policies and land use planning regulations during the postwar period. The article argues that today’s vacant housing crisis is the result of the state’s pro-growth housing policies throughout the postwar period.
8

Metcalf, Gabriel. "Sand Castles Before the Tide? Affordable Housing in Expensive Cities." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.1.59.

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This article focuses on cities with unprecedented economic success and a seemingly permanent crisis of affordable housing. In the expensive cities, policymakers expend great amounts of energy trying to bring down housing costs with subsidies for affordable housing and sometimes with rent control. But these efforts are undermined by planning decisions that make housing for most people vastly more expensive than it has to be by restricting the supply of new units even in the face of growing demand. I begin by describing current housing policy in the expensive metro areas of the United States. I then show how this combination of policies affecting housing, despite internal contradictions, makes sense from the perspective of the political coalitions that can form in a setting of fragmented local jurisdictions, local control over land use policies, and homeowner control over local government. Finally, I propose some more effective approaches to housing policy. My view is that the effects of the formal affordable housing policies of expensive cities are quite small in their impact when compared to the size of the problem—like sand castles before the tide. I will argue that we can do more, potentially much more, to create subsidized affordable housing in high-cost American cities. But more fundamentally, we will need to rethink the broader set of exclusionary land use policies that are the primary reason that housing in these cities has become so expensive. We cannot solve the problem unless we fix the housing market itself.
9

Peng, Xi. "Report of Informal Housing Policy in India." Journal of Finance Research 2, no. 3 (November 8, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v2i3.1177.

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Informal housing can be broadly defined into two types: first, those in which occupants illegally occupy a certain area of a residential location and build a dwelling on the land; second, housing or residential areas which do not meet the master plan or building regulations. This report describes and evaluates the informal housing policies in India, introducing the improvement of the living standards brought on by these policies to the low-income residents of Chennai, while the case of Kannagi Nagar will be used to analyse the adverse effects of said policies.
10

Chhetri, Ram Bhandari. "Land Policy Instruments in Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10880.

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Corporate mobilization can be made realistic if policy facilitation is provided by the government sector. This research study aimed at exploring the possibility of a mechanism that will attract substantial investments from the private sector by mobilizing the existing capital market. To do so, the research within its objective framework examined the essential policy framework from the literature review, the existing legal, financial and planning and housing policies posing impediments to the prospective participation of the corporate sector in land and housing activities. This included but not necessarily restricted to the land administration, land legislatives, cadastral mapping system and current planning techniques used and the operational constraints it would pose upon the prospective mobilization of the corporate financing in land and housing development. The research study then finally intended to arrive at the framework that could possibly facilitate or promote corporate finance in land and housing sector in a greater way. The finding from the research is then translated into a framework for increased participation for corporate sector in land and housing that chiefly included following aspects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10880Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 69–79

Дисертації з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Lai, Siu-fun Rita, and 黎少芬. "Housing price and government land policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258256.

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Lai, Siu-fun Rita. "Housing price and government land policies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781297.

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3

Garba, Shaibu B. (Shaibu Bala). "Urban land policies and low income housing in metropolitan Kano, Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61295.

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The scarcity and inaccessibility of land in urban areas has become a major obstacle in the provision of housing to low-income groups in developing countries. This thesis studies the land policies and practices in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria, and investigates the issues and problems hindering the adequate supply of residential land to low-income groups.
The thesis commences with a general study of urban land policies and low-income housing in developing countries. It examines the nature of housing problems in developing countries, the role of land in the housing problems, issues addressed by land policies, and policy measures and strategies used. The general study is followed by a specific study of the land policies and practices in the study area. The policy and institutional management frameworks are identified and examined. The roles of the major institutions are explained. The last section identifies and examines the main issues and problems with the existing policies.
The thesis concludes that actions are necessary to address the identified issues and problems with the policies in order to avoid chaos. Suggestions for policy reform are made.
4

Chapelle, Guillaume. "Land and the housing market : three essays on the role of land and its implications for public policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0003/document.

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Cette thèse analyse les principaux mécanismes du marché du logement en s’intéressant au rôle des contraintes foncières naturelles et réglementaires et à l’impact des politiques publiques. Le premier chapitre met en perspective le rôle de la terre au cours des derniers siècles en montrant que si l’importance de la terre a progressivement reculé jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle, elle a été remplacée par l’importance croissante du foncier résidentiel. Le second chapitre tente d’estimer l’un des paramètres clé du marché du logement : l’élasticité prix. Il montre que ce concept recouvre deux notions différentes, l’une décrit la réaction des promoteurs suite à une augmentation des prix alors que la seconde décrit la croissance des prix de l’immobilier accompagnant le développement urbain. Il montre que les marchés de l’immobilier des aires urbaines françaises sont inélastiques. Le troisième chapitre analyse l’impact du dispositif Scellier sur les marchés locaux et montre que son impact quantitatif a été limité. Enfin le quatrième chapitre étudie l’effet d’éviction du logement privé par le logement social
This dissertation analyzes the mechanisms of the French housing market documenting its constraints and the impact of several housing policies. It aims to increase our understanding of the mechanisms at work on this very particular market where land has a key role. The first chapter tries to document the place of land through the past decades. Some economists have been documenting a steady decline of its importance during the XIX and XX centuries. However, such decline was progressively balanced by the sharp appreciation of housing wealth and more particularly its land component. The second chapter tries to understand the origin of this rise in residential land value documenting one of the key parameter of the housing market: the supply elasticity of the French urban areas. This chapter starts defining two different concepts related with the supply elasticity. The first one is the intensive margin supply elasticity and designates the reaction of developers following a short run increase in housing prices. The second one describes how real estate price vary when a city is growing. It shows that French urban areas are less elastic than their US counterparts. The third chapter uses a natural experiment, the Scellier Housing Tax Credit (STC) and shows that it had a limited quantitative impact on the housing production. The fourth chapter documents the crowding out effect of private construction by social housing
5

Majedi, Hamid. "Public acquisition of urban land and allocation for housing and urban development in Iran (1979-1988)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317518/.

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This research aims to examine the effects of the urban land acquisition and allocation programme by the government in Iran on the rate of increase of the prices of urban land and affordablity of housing prices for different income groups in the urban areas of the country during the period 1979 to 1988 which was on the basis of the enactment of three Urban Land Laws after the 1979 revolution. The implementation of these laws limited private ownership of vacant urban land in the country to about 1,000 to 1,500 square metres, depending on the size of the city, with the excess land being acquired by the government. In this respect the Urban Land Organisation under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development was able to acquire 36,000 hectares through confiscation from the excess of private ownership, 8,258 hectares of private land in return for payment of compensation, and a further 41,272 hectares of land which already belonged to the various public organisations was transferred to its authority. Thereby a total of 85,557 hectares was assembled under the authority of the urban land organisation (ULO). As part of the land policy, the ULO then proceeded to allocate some 10,790 hectares or 12.6 percent of the total assembled land to eligible applicants including private households, housing cooperatives and public and private housing developers for housing construction. This was in addition to the 3,313 hectares or 3.9 percent of the total assembled land which was allocated for the purposes urban services and commercial buildings. In any case, while only 12.6 percent of the assembled land was allocated by the ULO it comprised about 32 percent of the number and 34 percent of the area of land plots for new starts of housing construction during the period 1979 to 1988. The hypothesis of the thesis with regard to the effect of government acquisition and allocation of urban land on the situation of urban land prices and housing in Iran is that between 1979 to 1988 this programme and the resultant activities has on the one hand led to a reduction of the rate of increase of the price of urban land in the market and, on the other, has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households. The thesis has tested the first part of its hypothesis by collecting and analyzing the trend of development of urban land prices for a 15 year period between 1974 to 1988. The second part of the hypothesis has been tested by calculating the price of housing on ULO allocated and privately owned land and then comparing them with the effective demand of different income groups in the urban areas of the country. The evidence of the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis shows that during the period 1979 to 1988 the average price of one square metre of privately owned land was about 13 times higher than ULO allocated land. More importantly, however, is the trend of development of the price of privately owned land between 1974 to 1988 which shows that after the 1979 revolution average prices of privately owned land always kept below the 1976 figure prior to the revolution and from 1985 on wards the actual increase at constant prices was actually negative. Moreover, with the base year of 1974, the index of the average price of privately owned land for the period 1979 to 1988 was between 58.7 and 207.5 which was much lower than the consumer price index which was between 196.3 and 974.1 for the same period. The index of the average price of urban land for 1975 and 1976 prior to the 1979 revolution, however, is 125.3 and 170.5 which is higher than the consumer price index for the same period which was 109.9 and 128.1. consequently, it can be stated that the evidence from the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has led to a reduction of the rate of increase of urban land prices in the market between the period 1979 to 1988. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis on the other hand shows that on the basis of the recommended floor area of 75 square metre for housing units built on ULO allocated land, which was recommended by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, such units were in the main affordable to all income categories including all those in the low income groups. The units built on privately owned land were in the main only affordable to income groups 8-10 which comprised the high income groups and in 1987 and 1988 even income groups 8-9 of the high income groups were excluded from these units. More importantly, however, the analysis shows that even with bigger floor areas including the actual average floor area of urban housing units for the period 1979 to 1988, which ranged between 132 to 162 square metres during the stated period, the units built on ULO allocated land were still much more affordable to the low and middle income groups than the units built on privately owned land which would still be in the main unaf fordable to the low income groups. This difference in affordablity also applies to small units 50-75 square metres built on the two different categories of land. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis, therefore, also supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households in the period 1979 to 1988.
6

Wang, Shu. "Effects of land policies and development strategies on housing : a case of Hong Kong." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97957.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-74).
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of land supply on housing prices in Hong Kong. Studies will be carried out to define whether there are any correlation between land supply, housing supply and residential property prices. In order to better understand Hong Kong's housing market, this study will first present a background of establishment of Hong Kong's land tenure system, land administration system and the government's land sale process, while trying to answer the question of whether the perceived shortage in housing supply is a direct consequence of the shortage in government's land supply. The study then examines the concentration of market shares among a handful of developers and the high barrier to entry that have resulted in such anti-competitive environment. The study analyzes the leading developers' competitive advantages in terms of land bank and financial strength, and their housing supply strategies in relation to the government's land supply decisions. This paper will then insert the theoretical findings into realistic settings of Hong Kong's housing development industry, and apply the methodology of event study to detect the impact of real estate companies' development strategies and how it alters the perceived relationship between the supply of land and the supply of housing. By simultaneously considering the effects of development strategies with government land policies, the paper aims to better evaluate governments measure to regulate housing market and hope to recommend more effective policies on residential land supply in Hong Kong.
by Shu Wang.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
7

Chang, Sze-ming Lawson. "Examination of land use policies, household income and price of small residential units in Hong Kong (1985-1995)." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25803621.

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8

Montsho, Oduetse. "Caught in between policies: the intertwined challenges of access to land and housing in Gaborone, Botswana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33858.

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A thorough examination of policies and guidelines tailored towards enabling access to land and housing in Gaborone suggests incongruences' inherent in these strategies. Besides, planners and policymakers' continuous oversight to recognise the complexities of the urban everyday survival strategies and the lived experiences of the populace needs to be investigated. Numerous interventions have been introduced to facilitate land and housing access for low-income households in Gaborone. Even so, restricted access to these assets remains an enormous task, proven complex and problematic to resolve. The empirical evidence specifies the predominant situation articulated by a clash of rationalities between policies and everyday socio-economic practices of access to land and housing by low income households in Gaborone. The investigation of these tensions between policies promoting access to land and housing and the advocacy of the Self-Help Housing Agency as the primary rationale for home building and ownership by low-income households in Gaborone was articulated through policy assessment and analysis. Furthermore, in-depth interviews to appreciate the affected populace's lived experiences in response to the practicality of these policies was conducted. In terms of findings, this research has established that urban environments are persistently transformed with new configurations relating to access to land and housing frequently surfacing. Moreover, urban land and housing management policies fail to get in touch with the complexities of grassroots experience with access to land and housing in Gaborone. There is also the entrenchment of low-income households in a vicious circle of poverty and living precariously at the urban fringes with no security of tenure and affordable housing opportunities. All these experiences and practices resonate with the current endeavours to evaluate the realities of accessing land and housing resources in cities, as well as their correlation with promoting livelihood strategies for low-income households.
9

Hopewell, Sarah. "The impact of planning theory and shelter stratergies on urban land and housing policies in Kenya and Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3876.

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鄭士明 and Sze-ming Lawson Chang. "Examination of land use policies, household income and price of small residential units in Hong Kong (1985-1995)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980077.

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Книги з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Strange, I. Housing policies and land allocation in Greater Manchester. Manchester: Department of Planning and Landscape, Manchester University, 1992.

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Hallett, Graham. Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235.

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W, Taylor Robert. Urban devlopment policies in Nigeria: Planning, housing, and land policy. Upper Montclair, N.J: Center for Economic Research on Africa, Dept. of Economics, School of Business Administration, Montclair State College, 1988.

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4

Nieboer, Nico. Energy efficiency in housing management: Policies and practice in eleven countries. Abingdon, Oxon: Earthscan, 2012.

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5

Switzerland), Displacement Solutions (Organization :. Bangladesh housing, land, and property (HLP) rights initiative: Climate displacement in Bangladesh : stakeholders, laws, and policies : mapping the existing institutional framework. Chittagong: Young Power in Social Action, 2014.

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6

Conwy (Wales). County Borough Council. Social Care and Health Directorate. Housing renewal policies. Conwy: Cyngor Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy = Conwy County Borough Council, 2003.

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Scotland. Development Department. Housing land. [Edinburgh]: Scottish Executive, Development Dept., 2003.

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8

Lieutenant-Governor, Alberta. Land use policies. Alberta: Alberta Municipal Affairs, 1996.

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9

Worcester (England). City Council. Technical Services. Housing land monitor. Worcester: Worcester City Council, 1998.

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10

Environment, Great Britain Department of the. Land for housing. London: HMSO, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Dowall, David E. "Land Policy in the United States." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 153–81. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-8.

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Hallett, Graham, and Richard Williams. "Criteria for the Assessment of Urban Land Policies." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 8–16. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-2.

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Hallett, Graham, and Richard Williams. "West Germany." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 17–48. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-3.

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Hallett, Graham. "Introduction." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 1–7. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-1.

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Pearsall, Jon. "France." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 76–98. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-5.

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Needham, Barrie. "The Netherlands." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 49–75. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-4.

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Hallett, Graham, and Richard Williams. "Great Britain." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 114–52. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-7.

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8

Grzan-Butina, Georgia. "Yugoslavia." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 99–113. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-6.

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9

Hallett, Graham. "Conclusion." In Land and Housing Policies in Europe and the USA, 182–211. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170235-9.

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10

López Martínez, Alexandra, and Owen Eli Ceballos Mina. "Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005." In The Urban Book Series, 433–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_22.

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AbstractResidential segregation is both a cause and consequence of socioeconomic inequalities. Since the 1990s, segregation patterns in Latin American cities have changed significantly. This is related to major urban transformations caused by privatization policies related to urban development, commercialization, and real estate activity. The main purpose of this chapter is to study residential socioeconomic segregation in the city of Bogotá, Colombia in 2005, using educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status while considering the drivers of segregation during the 1990s. We also introduce a brief analysis of the relationship between residential segregation and inequality based on a model that allows replicating the income distribution of the population using census variables. This chapter shows that residential segregation in Bogotá is related to per capita income inequality, however, segregation may be caused by the dynamics of land and housing markets rather than inequality.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Schwartz, Kenneth. "Charlottesville Urban Design and Affordable Housing." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.83.

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One of the most pressing problems confronting architects and planners involves the erosion of urban fabric in American cities and small towns. Many factors have contributed to the physical and economic decline of previously healthy cities since the end of World War 11. Federal tax policies involving home mortgage deduction, FHA loan programs, and highway policy and subsidies have all conspired to promote suburban sprawl and a concurrent abandonment of city centers by the middle class. Nowhere has the impact of this problem been felt more seriously than in the area of housing. The legacy of the late 1950's and 1960's "urban renewal" has decimated vast tracts of land. In many areas of many cities, lower and middle income housing stock has been eliminated, often leaving a wasteland of parking in its place.
2

Ferlicca, Francesca. "Participation in the decision making-making cities proces of regularization policies in Buenos Aires. The case of Villa 20 in Buenos Aires autonomous city." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/kphy9788.

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In Latin American cities informal settlements and insecure land tenure are the result of an exclusionary planning and urban management system which fails to provide legal and secure housing for lower-income groups. Against this backdrop, the State implemented land-title and urban regulatory policies, in order to improve the housing conditions of these neighbourhoods and integrate their residents into the legal regime. This paper proposes to address the conflicts implied in the processes of urbanization and regularization of the villas of the city of Buenos Aires during the first government of Rodríguez Larreta (2015-2019). In the official political discourse, the urbanization of informal settlements is considered one of the main axes of local management. Within this framework, institutional changes are being carried out, such as the creation of the Ministry of Social and Urban Integration. This report proposes to address the participation implied in the process of urbanization and regularization of Villa 20 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. This process have raised many challenges in the interaction between government decision-making and the needs of inhabitants of informal settlement. These challenges are linked to a) the democratic participation of the inhabitants in the decision-making process at all stages, b) land management policies and domain regularization; c) the modalities and logic of relocation of inhabitants; d) the provision and access to infrastructure services and public spaces; e) the treatment of tenants and other more vulnerable groups. Based on the analysis of the case study, we propose to account for the limits and scope of the implemented urbanization policy as well as for the opportunities to expand the horizon of tools and intervention modalities promote the right to the city and reduce territorial inequalities
3

Reis Santos, Mariana. "Does the implementation of special zones of social interest (ZEIS) encourages adequate housing in precarious settlement? The case of San Paolo." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hfqf7018.

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With the establishment of the Constitution of 1988, a new approach to urban governance emerged in Brazil. The document brought significant changes regarding the right to the city and adequate housing, in particular, for the urban poor. The recognition of these rights triggered the experimentation with inclusionary policies around the country (Rolnik and Santoro, 2013). As a result, informal settlements started to be acknowledged as part of the formal city and were included in zoning and planning laws. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was the creation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), a land and housing policy that linked investments on infrastructure in precarious settlements to land regularisation processes. In 2001, ZEIS was incorporated into the City Statute, a document that established a range of collective rights to guide land use and development. Since then, the instrument has gained popularity in the country as a land regularisation tool. Nevertheless, a considerable share of settlements remains poorly built and addressing informality is still a challenge. Therefore, this paper evaluated the co-relation between the implementation of ZEIS, land regularisation processes and provision of basic infrastructure in precarious settlements. More specifically, it measured the quality of State interventions supported by the zoning. By focusing on quality, this article aimed to evaluate whether ZEIS has encouraged adequate housing conditions for the urban poor or reinforced precarious patterns of development. To explore this relationship, a case study was conducted on the performance of ZEIS in Favela of Sapé, a settlement in the West of São Paulo. As a methodology, case studies have become a common option for performing evaluations and analyse what a program, practice or police has achieved (Yin, 2012). Moreover, this research strategy commonly relies on various sources of field-based information (Yin, 2012). Accordingly, this paper comprised mainly primary qualitative data. It also made broad use of content and secondary analysis, with the goal of ensuring validity and reliability. The performance of ZEIS in Sapé demonstrated that since its implementation, in 2001, tenure security and physical characteristics have enhanced considerably in the area, particularly, when it comes to housing quality and provision of basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, these accomplishments are being compromised by a strong process of reoccupation which is supported by illegal organisations. In addition, there is a delay of the Municipality in meeting the demands for housing in the area because of governance issues and mismanagement of financial resources. This scenario, combined with a weak inspection body, has once again permitted the development of precarious housing and infrastructure in the area. It also has compromised the issuance of freehold land titles to the settlement’s dwellers. In other words, the site is under a vicious circle where neither the provision of housing and infrastructure is enough to meet the demand nor the land regularisation is completed because of the reoccupations. In sum, although the implementation of ZEIS seems to have a share of responsibility in Sapé’s upgrading process, the local authorities do not have the capacity of reinforcement necessary to maintain these improvements. Furthermore, it is fair to assume that the current legal framework provided by ZEIS is not adequate for the context of São Paulo and requires further adjustments. Not only because of the complex character of the city, but also because in practice, urban norms may be interpreted differently according to political and cultural conditions (Rolnik, 1997).
4

Atmadja, Felicia, and Dushko Bogunovich. "Shaping compact cities for liveability, affordability and sustainability." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gbmg2410.

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Rapid urban population and territorial growth is becoming a general trend across the world, driving planning policies to promote a more compact city. As an alternative to sprawling patterns of urban development, the compact city emerges as a spatial form characterized by three key elements: densification, connectivity and accessibility. All three are articulated by transit-oriented development (TOD) strategies in today’s urban context. TOD aims to encourage densification, mixed land uses, walkability and public transportation, as well as vertical housing typologies. There are now many examples around the world in which TOD has influenced the verticalization of the city, and we can expect further translations into other contexts. Auckland and Jakarta have too chosen the TOD strategy, incorporating vertical housing, to slow down the sprawl. But citizens are concerned about the quality of life in high-rise, higher density housing, as well as its price. We make a comparative assessment of TOD’s ability to achieve liveability, sustainability and affordability in two cities – Jakarta and Auckland – while using Singapore as a benchmark for both. Two case studies have shown that some of the residents’ complaints are justified. In the conclusion of the study we suggest improvements in planning and design strategies and produce further recommendations for an effective city transformation.
5

Li, Yanqun, Hong Geng, and Erpeng Shi. "Response Path Adapted to the Unbalanced Shrinkage of Small Towns in Metropolitan Areas." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aeut4486.

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Along with the global wave of urbanization, urban agglomerations with megacities as the core have become the main form of urbanization in various countries. The polarization effect around the metropolis leads to the centripetal flow of capital, labour, land and other resource elements in the surrounding small towns, which causes the shrinkage of small towns in the metropolis, such as population reduction, economic recession, idle housing and dilapidated space. The shrinkage of small towns in the metropolis has become a global issue. However, as an important spatial unit in the spectrum of urbanization that serves, connects and couples urban and rural areas, the shrinking phenomenon faced by small towns has an important influence on the healthy development of urbanization. Exploring the development path of adaptive shrinkage for small towns has become an important part of the healthy urbanization of metropolises. Based on the public data of population, land and economy in Wuhan, China from 2004 to 2014, this paper uses GIS and other spatial analysis technologies to comprehensively measure the relevant characteristics of the shrinkage of small towns. The results showed that the small towns in Wuhan are in the form of "unbalanced shrinkage" under a local growth. And the towns present a spatial pattern of "circle increasing shrinkage" around the boundary of main downtown. With a further exploration of the formation mechanism of "unbalanced shrinkage", it is found that this shrinkage pattern is caused by a combination function of various factors, such as downtown deprivation in the policies supply, centripetal delivery of social capital and reconstruction of regional division of labour network. Based on this, this paper tries to propose some response paths for small towns in metropolitan areas to adapt to the "unbalanced shrinkage". First of all, the small towns should integrate into the regional differential development pattern and strive for the institutional dividend. Secondly, the small towns should promote an industrial transformation, and then attract the market release of social capital. Thirdly, the small towns should improve the living environment and promote intensive use of land. Through these paths, we can stabilize the three-level structure system of “urban-township-village”, and ensure the healthy urbanization of metropolitan areas.
6

Valiñas Varela, Maria Guadalupe, and Arturo España-Caballero. "Urban contrast of two cities from globalization. Gentrification, socio-cultural and economic aspects in Mexico and Valencia." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5597.

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Globalization influences the transformation of cities, they develop changes in their composition and form, related mainly to socio-cultural and economic aspects that converge in some cases in a gentrification of spaces where the right to the city is altered, modifying its structure according To processes related to postmodernity and neoliberal policies that generate various negative changes such as the displacement of the original settlers and the deterioration of areas to the maximum to further intensify its value. However they also present positive signs such as the revitalization and improvement of spaces with new proposals that generate jobs or in some cases become places of fashion, or important tourist spots. It shows a contrast of two cities in different continent and conditions as it is the case of the city of Mexico in several points: the historical center, Polanco, Granada and the colony Rome. And in the city of Valencia in Spain: the historical center, Russafa, the Ensanche and the Cabanyal. The theme focuses on a central land dispute to recycle urban spaces that give rise to diverse public spaces of private character with commercial functions, modifying the resignification of the space, increasing the inequality and the differentiation but at the same time generating traces of similarity. The objective is to evaluate how they have modified housing, real estate market, surplus value, social practices and identity. Said analysis from a new vision with projection towards the future, by means of a complex model, analyzing the urban imaginary.
7

HEDDEBAUT, Odile, and Floridea DI CIOMMO. "TRANSPORT INTERMODAL INTERCHANGES: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AT LILLE EUROPEAN METROPOLIS." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3856.

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Within the framework of the “City-HUB” FP7 European research project 27 interchanges were studied in nine European countries. It investigated how transport interchanges work from the point of view of governance and the organization of facilities. On this basis a typology of interchanges has been defined for classifying the interchanges and selecting the key elements for improving the interchanges location, construction, and organization of an interchange. The paper focus on the implementation of the City-HUB interchange typology to the case study of Lille European Metropolis (MEL) where two contingent railways stations Lille Flandres and Lille Europe were analysed as a potential unique interchange. Indeed, the article is related to the creation of a joint interchanges able to attract more public transport users than private users such as it is now the case. These two main railways interchanges have different territorial and transport functions (i.e. one is oriented to regional traffic and the other one to national and international traffic). Urban planners and transport authorities would like to connect both stations creating a unique interchange. A key point of the Lille’s City-HUB analysis is related to the involvement of the stakeholders. Their involvement is at the origin of the interactions between City-HUB and its socio-economic and urban context. We demonstrate that combining transport and land use planning policies could boost commercial development, new business offices or housing. The urban City-Hub overcomes its role of transport infrastructure for being a “place”.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3856
8

Shtrykov, A. K., and I. S. Sapegina. "LAND ASSESSMENT FOR HOUSING." In Modern Technologies in Science and Education MTSE-2020. Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/978-5-6044782-5-7-33-36.

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9

Ding, Qi, and Haiyan Lu. "Housing Monitoring Indicator System under the New Housing Regulatory Policies." In International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413135.094.

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"Housing Policies in Turkey and Lithuania." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_357.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Land and housing policies":

1

Araby, Mostafa. Explorations into the Characteristics, the Determinants of Production, and the Impact of Land Policies on the Informal Housing Sector in Alexandria, Egypt. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1385.

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2

Chambers, Matthew S., Carlos Garriga, and Don Schlagenhauf. Did Housing Policies Cause the Postwar Boom in Homeownership? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.021.

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3

Chambers, Matthew, Carlos Garriga, and Donald Schlagenhauf. Did Housing Policies Cause the Postwar Boom in Homeownership? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18821.

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4

Deng, Yongheng, Yang Tang, Ping Wang, and Jing Wu. Spatial Misallocation in Chinese Housing and Land Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27230.

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5

Hingorani, Pritika. Revisiting Low Income Housing: A Review of Policies and Perspectives. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9789351568384.

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6

Albouy, David, and Gabriel Ehrlich. Housing Productivity and the Social Cost of Land-Use Restrictions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18110.

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7

Holland, Stephen, Jonathan Hughes, Christopher Knittel, and Nathan Parker. Unintended Consequences of Transportation Carbon Policies: Land-Use, Emissions, and Innovation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19636.

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8

Gyourko, Joseph, and Jacob Krimmel. The Impact of Local Residential Land Use Restrictions on Land Values Across and Within Single Family Housing Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28993.

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9

Balcomb, J. D. Our Home: Buildings of the Land. Energy Efficiency Design Guide for Indian Housing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882187.

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10

Kuttner, Kenneth, and Ilhyock Shim. Can Non-Interest Rate Policies Stabilize Housing Markets? Evidence from a Panel of 57 Economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19723.

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