Дисертації з теми "Landscape monuments"
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1
Semple, Sarah Jane. "Anglo-Saxon attitudes to the past : a landscape perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270145.
2
Grima, Reuben. "Monuments in search of a landscape : the landscape context of monumentality in Late Neolithic Malta." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444725/.
Анотація:
From the mid-4th to the mid-3rd millennium BC, the Maltese archipelago was characterized by a dense concentration of monumental activity. Archaeological research has generally focussed on the monumental buildings themselves, paying less attention to the environment that surrounded these structures. The present thesis is aimed at addressing this lacuna. The history of approaches to Maltese prehistory is reviewed, and it is argued that the neglect of the landscape setting is related to the practice of archaeology in a colonial context. Chapter 3 considers the physical characteristics and dynamics of the island environment. The landscape context of megalithic buildings is analysed using a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) model of the archipelago. Chapter 4 uses a bivariate approach, while Chapter 5 uses multivariate techniques. A number of environmental variables that influence site location are identified, and a model for the choice of monument location is proposed. It is demonstrated that the location of megalithic monuments was closely determined by windows of opportunity in the natural landscape. The resulting insights into the decision-making processes of this period contribute to a better understanding of the priorities and values of the builders. It is argued that megalithic monuments played an important role in transforming natural divisions in the landscape into cultural units of organisation. The following chapters continue the analysis at a different scale, focussing on the buildings themselves. The organisation of architectural space and the deployment of images within these buildings are examined. It is argued that these spaces and images make ordered references to the island environment. This relationship may be better understood in the light of the landscape setting of the buildings. A fresh interpretative model for this evidence is proposed, where it is argued that these architectural forms may be better understood in terms of symbolic storage, movement and performance.
3
Lewis, Jodie. "Monuments, ritual and regionality : the neolithic of northern Somerset." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340351.
4
Sharpe, Kate. "Motifs, monuments and mountains : prehistoric rock art in the Cumbrian landscape." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1362/.
Анотація:
This thesis presents a comprehensive review and analysis of the prehistoric rock carvings in the county of Cumbria in NW England. It builds upon Beckensall's Prehistoric Rock Art in Cumbria (2002), focussing on a substantial study area with diverse topography, and seeking to understand the rock art in relation to the natural landscape and known archaeology, and in the context of rock art traditions in neighbouring regions. Systematic evaluation of the database resulted in the exclusion of several panels of `rock art', which were determined to be of geological origin. Additional panels were sought by increasing public awareness and through direct field-survey, and six new panels were documented. Further examples were identified from literature sources, and all were collated in a revised dataset. From the landscape characteristics of known panels, predictive theoretical models were developed, and areas matching these models were field-surveyed. These demonstrated that the upland rock art tradition of NE England does not appear to cross into Cumbria, and that a very different, outcrop-based practice occurred in the central valleys. GIS was used to explore the updated dataset for relationships between rock art, topography, and archaeology. Three groups of panels with shared characteristics were further investigated, focussing on the materiality of the carved rocks, their accessibility within the landscape, their potential social and religious dimensions, and their extended biographies within multiple contexts. Connections with seasonal expeditions for the procurement of stone were explored and the notion of natural route-ways applied to account for the location of rock art at key communication nodes. Concepts of `natural monuments' and `ancestral art' were also considered, with topographical elements such as rivers and mountains, and natural features like fissures and solution hollows, argued to be integral to a social and sacred landscape, which was signified and enhanced by rock carvings.
5
Hawley, Donovan William. "Lithics, landscape and people : life beyond the monuments in prehistoric Guernsey." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411814/.
Анотація:
Although prehistoric megalithic monuments dominate the landscape of Guernsey, these have yielded little information concerning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities who inhabited the island in a broader landscape and maritime context. For this thesis it was therefore considered timely to explore the alternative material culture resource of worked flint and stone archived in the Guernsey museum. Largely ignored in previous archaeological narratives on the island or considered as unreliable data, the argument made in this thesis is for lithics being an ideal resource that, when correctly interrogated, can inform us of past people’s actions in the landscape. In order to maximise the amount of obtainable data, the lithics were subjected to a wide ranging multi-method approach encompassing all stages of the châine opératoire from material acquisition to discard, along with a consideration of the landscape context from which the material was recovered. The methodology also incorporated the extensive corpus of lithic knowledge that has been built up on the adjacent French mainland, a resource largely passed over in previous Channel Island research. By employing this approach, previously unknown patterns of human occupation and activity on the island, and the extent and temporality of maritime connectivity between Guernsey and mainland areas has been revealed. Further, a greater understanding of the lithic industry on the island has been achieved through the cross referencing of assemblages with those of the adjacent French mainland. It is argued that this research has made an original contribution to the archaeological knowledge of Guernsey. Not only has the value of a comprehensive lithic research programme been proven, but the understanding of the prehistory of Guernsey has been enhanced and visibility of peoples’ lives beyond the monuments has been gained.
6
Dobson, Lemont. "Landscape, monuments and the construction of social power in early medieval Deira." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11025/.
7
Wigley, Andrew. "Building monuments, constructing communities : landscapes of the first millenium BC in the central Welsh Marches." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6005/.
Анотація:
This research examines the archaeological sequence from the first millennium BC in the central Welsh Marches. It situates the hillforts of this region within their broader landscape context by considering the practices involved in their construction, and their position within wider networks of routine activity. In order to achieve this, a detailed historiographical account of archaeological work on these monuments is presented. This forms the basis of a series of critically informed interpretations of the later prehistory of this region. My central thesis is that we must consider the landscape as Process if we wish to interpret the nested social relations that operated in this period. This demands that we develop a detailed understanding of the regional context of the practices associated with building and inhabiting the hillforts. As such, we need to explore the patterning and temporality of various forms of activity across the landscape, in order to comprehend how both places and objects were bound up in the reproduction of historically contingent social relations. I will work at different scales with a variety of forms of evidence. I examine the complex human palaeoecology of the region, considering how the structure of the landscape was created and sustained by the building and reworking of these monuments. In doing so, I place the developments we associate with the building of the first hillforts within their historical context. I also address the relationship between the hillforts and other classes of monuments, and how their inhabitation articulated with the creation, use and deposition of various forms of material culture. By moving beyond previous interpretative models, I demonstrate how these monuments became an integral part of the social worlds of the first millennium BC.
8
Roughley, Corinne Frances. "Neolithic monuments in the southern Morbihan landscape : GIS and visualisation for archaeological interpretation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620443.
9
Kilfeather, Annaba. "A tomb with a view : landscape and monuments of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in mid-Leinster." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394516.
10
Bachand, Bruce Robert. "Preclassic Excavations at Punta de Chimino, Peten, Guatemala: Investigating Social Emplacement on an Early Maya Landscape." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196114.
Анотація:
Two excavation seasons in Punta de Chimino's E-Group Acropolis provide a record of monument construction, refurbishment, desecration, and abandonment. This evidence is used to explore the material dimensions of social emplacement--any act, event, practice, or behavior that affects the way a community and its descendants relate to a particular locality over time. The attributes and treatment of monuments are taken to signify cultural and political dispositions. An extensive overview of Preclassic and Protoclassic Maya archaeology situates Punta de Chimino's monumental remains in different historical settings. Bayesian analysis of the stratified sequence of radiocarbon and luminescence dates is used to accurately pinpoint the timing of specific cultural events. Stratigraphy and radiometry allow refinement of the Punta de Chimino ceramic sequence. In the end, varied lines of material evidence are garnered to infer changing social orientations toward Punta de Chimino's ceremonial precinct and the ancient Mesoamerican world at large.
11
Richert, Elizabeth Anne. "Sacred place : contextualizing non-urban cult sites and sacred monuments in the landscape of Lusitania from the 1st to 4th c. AD." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8234.
Анотація:
This thesis is a study of the religious life of the rural inhabitants of one peripheral Roman province, Lusitania. From archaeological, epigraphic and literary evidence it uncovers a wide array of cult spaces and monuments. These range from sacred springs, mountain shrines, rock inscriptions and sanctuaries, to temples, votive deposits, and clusters of altars. Together, they pertain to the countryside environment and date to between the 1st and 4th centuries AD: a period when the Romans were securely established in this corner of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this thesis is to contextualize these cult spaces and monuments by grounding them within the broader historical evolutions of the period, as well as the natural and man-made landscape of which they were a part. More specifically, this work sheds light on certain important patterns in rural Lusitanian worship. Chief among these are the observations that this worship was primarily small scale and private in nature, intimately associated with idealized natural settings, yet indivisible from the rural territorial infrastructure of its day. Rural cult spaces were not immune to historical developments affecting the province. The 1st to 4th century sacred rural landscape differed profoundly from that of the preceding, and following, periods. Finally, it is shown that the cult spaces and monuments in question, as well as the dedications and votive offerings associated with them, were incredibly varied. Their differences reflect a deep cultural rift between the northern and southern halves of this province. These assorted findings do not together furnish one cohesive picture of ‘rural religion’ as a single phenomenon divisible from ‘urban religion’ and homogenous throughout the province. Instead, the patchwork they create reiterates the diversity and varying levels of cultural interaction that existed throughout this provincial countryside.
12
Ozarslan, Yasemin. "The Cultic Landscapes Of Phrygia." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612840/index.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis examines Phrygian cultic sites in Western Phrygia from the perspective of landscape using a range of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analyses. More specifically, it explores spatial relationships between these cultic sites and the regional geographical context with reference to certain environmental and cultural parameters. These include topography, geology, and distance to settlements, hilltop sites, and ancient roads. A total of 30 Phrygian cultic sites form the primary archaeological evidence. Secondary archaeological evidence covers a range of mound settlements and hilltop sites associated with Phrygian culture. The study heavily relies on the readily available archaeological site data from related publications and recent surveys in the region. Geographic datasets used include ASTER Global DEM and derived surfaces, as well as digital geological and historical maps. This study contributes to our understanding of Phrygian cultic sites by revealing certain patterns as to their locations. It also brings all the available site data from Western Phrygia together for the first time. Ultimately, it suggests that the &ldquohighlandscapes&rdquo
of Phrygia with spectacular geological formations could have played a crucial role on the cultic site locations.
13
Lundqvist, Kristian. "På färd genom glömda landskap : Rumslig analys av bronsåldersbygden i Mönsterås." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-728.
Анотація:
This paper deals with the relations between landscape rooms and monuments in an area north of Mönsterås in Kalmar län. After archaeological excavations had been carried out in the area 1991, an article promote it to the “Bronze Age district of Mönsterås” (Källström 1993). There are two main problems that I deal with in this paper. First: The relations between the natural places and the monuments or memorials. Secondly: The patterns with respect to the spread of certain monuments in the landscapes. My studies starts from the British landscape archaeology of Christopher Tilley and Richard Bradley, but also from a Scandinavian point of view with Terje Gansum et al.
14
Kim, Sun Woo. "Life and death in the Korean Bronze Age (ca. 1500-400 BC) : an analysis of settlements and monuments in the mid-Korean peninsula." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c15e449-fd5b-4cde-bdac-50aaf37eae94.
Анотація:
This thesis focuses on the Bronze Age in selected areas of Korea; Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province. Two forms of evidence - settlements and monuments - are taken into account to identify their relationship with landscape and the social changes occurring between ca. 1500 to 400 cal BC. Life and death in the Bronze Age in Korea has not been synthetically investigated before, due to the lack of evidence from settlements. However, since academic and rescue excavations have increased, it is now possible to examine the relationship between settlements and monuments on a broad scale and over a long-term sequence, although there are still limitations in the archaeological evidence. The results of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) analysis and Bayesian modelling of the radiocarbon dates from this region can be interpreted as suggesting that Bronze Age people in the mid-Korean peninsula had certain preferences for their habitation and mortuary places. The locations of two archaeological sites were identified and statistical significance was generated for their positioning on soil that was associated with agriculture. It was found that settlements tended to be located at a higher elevation with fine views and that monuments tended to be situated in the border zones between mountains and plains and also within the boundary of a 5km site catchment adjusted for energy expenditure, centring on each settlement. This configuration is reminiscent of the concept of the auspicious location, as set out in the traditional geomantic theory of Pungsu. It can be argued that Bronze Age people chose the place for the living and the dead with a holistic perspective and a metaphysical approach that placed human interaction with the natural world at the centre of their decision-making processes. These concepts were formed out of the process of a practical adaptation to the Bronze Age landscape and environment in order to practice agriculture as a subsistence economy, but they also exerted a profound influence upon later Korean peoples and their identities.
15
Zago, Ana Karina. "A tutela jurídica do patrimônio paisagístico natural nos destinos turísticos mediante o sistema de pagamento por serviço ambiental." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2012. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/963.
Анотація:
O patrimônio natural é um bem ambiental tutelado pelo Direito. A paisagem cênica, uma das formas em que se apresenta esse patrimônio, oferece inúmeros serviços ambientais, como ecológicos, estéticos e culturais, e é considerada um direito difuso. Entretanto, para que possa oferecer serviços imprescindíveis, se faz necessária a proteção de sua integralidade. Nos destinos turísticos, a paisagem desempenha uma função elementar, pois, além de manter a composição da imagem que o visitante tem e espera do local, também garante a sustentabilidade econômica da atividade turística. Historicamente, o Estado tem incentivado a exploração insustentável dos recursos naturais. Cabe salientar que a própria legislação brasileira criou alguns passivos ambientais no decorrer do tempo. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro respalda a paisagem como bem jurídico integrante do conceito de meio ambiente, e a previsão legal de proteção jurídica se encontra em convenções internacionais, revelando-se em leis federais, estaduais e legislações esparsas brasileiras. Apesar de a paisagem natural ser tutelada pelo arcabouço jurídico brasileiro e ser imprescindível para o desenvolvimento sustentável, principalmente dos destinos turísticos, dada a íntima identificação do local com a paisagem, esta entra em conflito com os interesses econômicos dos proprietários de áreas, que proporcionam esse serviço ambiental, mas não recebem qualquer incentivo para fazê-lo. O PSA representa um mecanismo econômico que visa a operacionalizar a arrecadação de fundos, com os beneficiários da preservação dos serviços ambientais, bem como à alocação de recursos com os provedores de tais serviços, no caso, a conservação do patrimônio paisagístico. Uma vez percebida a importância dos serviços ambientais proporcionados pela paisagem, resta traçar estratégias para a preservação dos mesmos, capazes de orientar novos modelos de desenvolvimento. Os pagamentos por serviços ambientais têm como principal objetivo transferir recursos, monetários ou não, àqueles que voluntariamente ajudam a preservar, conservar ou a produzir tais serviços.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-07-10T14:49:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Karina Zago.pdf: 1326223 bytes, checksum: 162d644d12e81baa930b564b88cc7daa (MD5)
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The natural patrimony is an environmental good which is protected by the law. The landscape, one of the ways in which this patrimony is presented, offers innumerable environmental services, such as ecological, aesthetic and cultural, and it is considered a diffuse right. However, in order to provide essential services, it is necessary to protect its integrity. In tourist destinations, the landscape performs an elementary function, and beyond keeping the composition of the image that the visitor has and expects from the place, it also guarantees the economic support of the tourism. Historically, the state has encouraged the unsustainable exploration of natural resources. It should be point out that Brazilian legislation itself has created some environmental liabilities in the course of time. The Brazilian legal system supports the landscape as a legally integrant to the concept of environment, and the provision of legal protection is under international conventions, revealing itself in federal, state, and sparse laws. Although the natural landscape be protected by Brazilians laws and be essential for the sustainable development, especially in tourist destinations, due to the close identification with the local landscape, it conflicts with the economic interests of the owners of the areas, who provide this environmental service, even though receive no incentive to do so. The PSA represents an economic mechanism that aims to collect funds with the beneficiaries of the conservation of the environmental services, as well as the allocation of resources with the suppliers of such services, in this case, the conservation of the natural patrimony. Once detected the importance of the environmental services provided by the landscape, it remains to devise strategies for their preservation that can be able to guide new development models. Payments for environmental services have as main objective to transfer resources, monetary or not, to those who voluntarily help to preserve, conserve or produce such services.
16
Lamb, Deborah E. S. "Modelling an island landscape in the North Atlantic Iron Age. The interpretation of monuments and resources in order to understand local factors influencing settlement and social organisation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5445.
Анотація:
An area of Shetland is examined in order to identify how Iron Age settlements might have related to each other. The study area contains two brochs. An inter-disciplinary approach is used to identify evidence for other Iron Age settlements and the information is presented as a model illustrating the pattern of settlement at different points during the Iron Age. A distinction is drawn between locations containing field archaeology and locations where occupation is predicted on the basis of evidence such as soil quality or place name.
The whole model is then examined in order to identify patterns which may suggest changing relationships between settlements and groups of settlements, and the trends and influences behind these. Next an appraisal is made of the settlements¿ relative status and authority during Shetland¿s Early, Middle and Late Iron Age.
By looking at the whole landscape through time - before, during and after the Iron Age ¿ the brochs are set in a wider chronological context which takes into account the changing role that these highly visible monuments may have played as socio-economic focal points in a developing landscape.
The outcome reveals complexity. Initially the brochs appear to be a focus of settlement patterns but by the end of the Late Iron Age they are rivalled by a non-broch area which shows signs of heightened Pictish influence. Elsewhere in Shetland at this period there is retrenchment to broch-settlements, raising the question of how far developments in the study area are unique to that location.
17
Lamb, Deborah Elizabeth Stewart. "Modelling an island landscape in the North Atlantic Iron Age : the interpretation of monuments and resources in order to understand local factors influencing settlement and social organisation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5445.
Анотація:
An area of Shetland is examined in order to identify how Iron Age settlements might have related to each other. The study area contains two brochs. An inter-disciplinary approach is used to identify evidence for other Iron Age settlements and the information is presented as a model illustrating the pattern of settlement at different points during the Iron Age. A distinction is drawn between locations containing field archaeology and locations where occupation is predicted on the basis of evidence such as soil quality or place name. The whole model is then examined in order to identify patterns which may suggest changing relationships between settlements and groups of settlements, and the trends and influences behind these. Next an appraisal is made of the settlements' relative status and authority during Shetland's Early, Middle and Late Iron Age. By looking at the whole landscape through time - before, during and after the Iron Age - the brochs are set in a wider chronological context which takes into account the changing role that these highly visible monuments may have played as socio-economic focal points in a developing landscape. The outcome reveals complexity. Initially the brochs appear to be a focus of settlement patterns but by the end of the Late Iron Age they are rivalled by a non-broch area which shows signs of heightened Pictish influence. Elsewhere in Shetland at this period there is retrenchment to broch-settlements, raising the question of how far developments in the study area are unique to that location.
18
Haak, Abigail. "Defining monumental realities : a study of inscriptions as monuments in the urban landscapes of Ephesus and Aphrodisias." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439734.
19
Stoffle, Richard W. "Tonto National Monument Cultural Landscape Assessment Presentation." Bureau of Applied Research in Applied Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292645.
20
Walker, Amy E. "A tisket, a tasket, please don't touch that casket : an evaluation of cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1209806.
Анотація:
American cemeteries have evolved from unsophisticated and crowded burial grounds to curvilinear and elegantly designed rural cemeteries to the functional business of the memorial park. Regardless of the type, all cemeteries are constantly changing due to their natural features and because of the deterioration of stone after prolonged exposure to the elements. Then add neglect or vandalism into the mix and cemeteries appear to be particularly doomed.This creative project examines the cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana. Working from "Cemeteries in Delaware County, Indiana" by Rosaella Cartwright and Elizabeth Modlin, an inventory was completed for the sixty located cemeteries. The ten that were not inventoried were outside the scope of the project, could not be located, or inaccessible. The landscape features, markers, funerary art motifs, and preservation efforts were recorded and the data was then analyzed. Issues and challenges facing the cemeteries were investigated, including how to go about properly documenting a cemetery and general information on cleaning and repairing markers. Finally preservation guidelines and recommendations were proposed for the cemeteries in Delaware County.Department of Architecture
21
Hardy, Jeremy. "Den förmedlande arkeologin : En turistled kring Lina myr?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325628.
Анотація:
Hardy, J. 2017. The Archaeology of Mediation. A tourist route around Lina mire? Lina mire in the northeast of Gotland, is situated in a unique cultural landscape, with an abundance of archaeological remains and ancient monuments. The areas surrounding Lina mire include the parishes Gothem, Hörsne med Bara and Vallstena. These environments carry stories from the past which can take people walking there over 8000 years back in time. Having been identified by researchers as an important part of Gotlands cultural heritage, the surroundings of Lina and it´s rich history, are still left out to be seen in the eyes of the public. Either many of the monuments have been rather neglected, or the landscape has changed so much during time, that a lot of archaeological sites, such as ancient graves and settlements, now are invisible. In ancient times the wetlands and mires on Gotland (Lina mire being the largest) were important for fishing, hunting and haymaking. Today only 5 % of the wetlands remain due to draining and cultivation. This essay is part of a larger research project, called In Tjelvars Footsteps, conducted by Uppsala University/Campus Gotland. The aim is to investigate how the archaeology and history could be mediated in these landscapes, and whether there would be an interest in creating a tourist route around Lina mire or not. The research has been conducted by making ten interviews with locals and ten interviews with professionals. The analysis show that there is a great interest among both groups to mediate the cultural heritage of Lina mire. Concerns and problems that must be solved before building a tourist route are discussed and innovative ideas are lifted. The main, overall opinion is that the producers of the tourist route need to establish a good contact with the local landowners from the very beginning. Otherwise the project will not be realized.I Tjelvars Fotspår
22
Emerick, Keith. "From frozen monuments to fluid landscapes : the conservation and preservation of ancient monuments from 1882 to the present." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9961/.
Анотація:
The first half of this research considers the origins of the prevailing approach to the conservation and presentation of ancient monuments, particularly those in the guardianship of the state. Beginning with the definition of preservation principles in the nineteenth century, the research examines the creation of a government preservation office and the introduction of preservation legislation. The second half of the research examines the changes taking place in the theoretical approaches to Cultural Heritage Management, much of which derives from experience in Australia and America, and considers this work alongside a new agenda for 'the heritage' in England where it is overtly stated that the heritage industry and conservation can be used to address social issues such as urban and rural regeneration and social exclusion. The implications of the current Government and peer reviews of conservation practice and primary legislation have also been considered in order to determine their impact on the status of the familiar preserved ruin, ideas of 'monumentality', the role of the heritage manager and the politicization of heritage. It is argued in this thesis that the preservation and presentation approach of the Office of Works and its successors has conditioned our understanding of the past, making the introduction of a new paradigm unnecessarily confrontational. This research contributes to a number of areas of knowledge. The origins and development of conservation practice in England have received relatively little analysis and the expansion of the Office of Works in the first quarter of the twentieth century has yet to be analysed in detail. Similarly British conservation practice in an Imperial context - particularly that in the Levant - has received very little critical consideration and it is believed that this research presents the first assessment of the career of George H. Jeffery, Curator of Ancient Monuments, Cyprus.
23
Stoffle, Richard W., Rebecca Toupal, Nathaniel O'Meara, and Jill Dumbauld. "Pipestone: A Modified Traditional Landscape." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301300.
24
Phear, Sarah. "The monumental earthworks of Palau, Micronesia : a landscape perspective /." Oxford : J. and E. Hedges, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410895611.
25
Soffer, Jessica E. "Narrative Landscape: Sculpting Form through Memory." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306499756.
26
Fernandes, Ulisses da Silva. "A natureza monumental do Copacabana Palace." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=318.
Анотація:
O presente estudo objetiva interagir o caráter monumental do Copacabana Palace Hotel com a concepção simbólica da paisagem de entorno a ele associada, fundamentalmente interpondo aquela dita urbana com a que diz respeito à praia e ao mar. Nesse sentido, em um primeiro momento, partiu-se para a abordagem da paisagem na qual se inseriu o hotel, onde sua capacidade subjetiva tornou-se mister não apenas para configurar a expressão monumental do hotel como também, ao interagir com o mesmo, permitiu antever uma série de transformações no trato urbano de Copacabana. Em seguida, foi observada uma análise das formas de representação dos monumentos, intencionais ou não, mas associados a sua expressão monumental em meio às paisagens de entorno. Desse modo, sendo a paisagem notada de subjetividade, verificou-se na simbologia do olhar a constituição de uma leitura para o Copacabana Palace Hotel enquanto obra de caráter monumental. Na subjetividade do olhar também se interpôs a necessidade de compreender como natureza e mito compactuam para constituir novas intenções de uso, como as observadas em Copacabana, tendo como marco maior a construção do hotel. Ao final, observa-se que há interação entre a percepção simbólica da paisagem e a ação dos agentes de transformação do espaço urbano, centrando esta conclusão no marco conferido pelo hotel na antevisão da nova paisagem constituída.The present study seeks to interact the monumental character of the Copacabana Palace Hotel with the symbolic conception of surrounding landscape with it associated, fundamentally opposing the one of urban origin to the one that concerns the beach and the ocean. In this sense, firstly, its embraced the approach of the landscape in which the hotel was inserted, where its subjective capacity became necessary not only to form the monumental expression of the hotel but also, when interacted with it, permitted to foresee a series of transformations in the urban treatment of Copacabana. Later on, was observed an analysis of the representative forms of the monuments, intentional or not, but associated to their monumental expression in the middle of the surrounding landscapes. This way, being the landscape noted for its subjectivity, was verified in the symbology of the look the constitution of a reading for the Copacabana Palace Hotel while work of monumental character. In the subjectivity of the look was also interposed the necessity of comprehending how nature and myth join forces to constitute new intentions of use, like the ones observed in Copacabana, having, as main mark, the construction of the hotel. At the end, its observed interaction between symbolic perception of landscape and urban space transformers action, focusing this conclusion on the mark conferred by the hotel to the foresight of the new established landscape.
27
Moon, Kwangjin. "Le droit du paysage en France et en Corée : étude comparée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D044/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse de droit comparé a pour objet la mutation de la notion juridique de paysage en France et en Corée et les problèmes liés aux procédures administratives et juridictionnelles en droit du paysage dans ces deux pays. Jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle, le droit de ces deux pays n’assumait pas la dimension subjective du paysage, alors que celle-ci est évidente du fait de ces rapports avec l’esthétique. Dans ces conditions, c’est surtout indirectement que la protection et la mise en valeur des paysages ont été prises en compte dans plusieurs domaines juridiques. Au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, l’évolution de la démocratie a mis en exergue la dimension subjective du paysage en droit. En France, son caractère subjectif se développe depuis les années 1980, notamment avec l’entrée en vigueur de la Convention européenne du paysage de 2000, et en Corée, à partir des années 1990, notamment avec l’élaboration de la loi du 17 mai 2007. Puisqu’aujourd’hui, les politiques et l’administration du paysage ne sont plus l’apanage des experts et des pouvoirs publics, il importe d’assurer aux citoyens l’accès aux informations paysagères et leur participation au processus décisionnel en matière de paysage. Une telle démocratisation du droit du paysage peut être consolidée par le contrôle juridictionnel de l’administration du paysage à travers la garantie de l’accès à la justiceThe objects of this comparative law thesis are the transformation of the legal concept of landscape in France and Korea and the problems related to the administrative and jurisdictional procedures in landscape law of these two countries. Until the end of the twentieth century, these two countries’ law did not assume the subjective dimension of landscape, whereas this one is obvious in the relation with the aesthetics. In these circumstances, the protection and development of landscapes have been mainly indirectly taken into account in several legal areas. During the late twentieth century, the evolution of democracy highlighted the subjective dimension of landscape in law. In France, its subjective character has developed since the 1980s, particularly with the entry into force of the European Landscape Convention of 2000, and in Korea, from the 1990s, in particular with the drafting of the act of 17 May 2007. Since landscape policies and administration are no longer the preserve of experts and public power, it is important to ensure citizens’ access to landscape information and their participation in decision-making related to landscape. Such a democratization of the landscape law can be consolidated by the judicial review of landscape administration through the guarantee of access to justice
28
Oswald, Alison L. "A conceptual preservation plan for historic Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845943.
Анотація:
*Graveyards are significant sites that are consciously and deliberately created. As both architecture and landscape architecture, graveyards are an intrinsic part of history that have helped define and establish architectural styles as well as address land use and associated issues.Graveyards provide some of the best and most lasting examples of art and sculpture through the ages. By examining the size, shape, ornamentation/articulation, style of carving and materials from which the stones are constructed, elements of social status and what individuals thought of the themselves are revealed. Valuable historic documentation is gleaned from graveyards in the form of genealogical information, social history, widespread diseases, wars/battles and demographics. The study of epitaphs discloses biographies of individuals and indicates what type of professions were dominant during a certain period. The religious symbolism of individual stones differentiates denominations and may lend evidence of a once-existent church or parish.*This term was traditionally used throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and therefore will be applied in the text where appropriate. The need to preserve graveyards is essential to humankind's understanding of the past,, people and the environment. As outdoor museums that are open to all, regardless of social or economic status, to visit and experience, graveyards are potentially one of the best educational tools for interpreting history, yet are seldom used. Graveyards must begin to be viewed as "interpretive sites" and not just as functional and emotional places for the dead. As a tangible aspect of history that contains sensitive records, the preservation of a graveyard must be carefully and innovatively handled. The stability that a cemetery presents in the ever-changing environment of a disposable society is threatened unless the site and its artifacts are properly maintained.Historic Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia, presents itself as a significant eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth-century graveyard/cemetery. It is the site of the 1781 Battle of Petersburg and the burial grounds for approximately 30,000 Confederate soldiers from the United States Civil War. The Old Blandford Church is the oldest church in the Petersburg area (ca. 1734-1737) and was the last of three brick churches built for Bristol Parish of Bristol, England, in colonial Virginia. The church also contains fifteen Tiffany stained-glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.Since the historic fabric at Blandford Cemetery needs to be preserved, restored, maintained and innovatively managed to ensure its future, this study has been undertaken with the sincere hope that others will find the enthusiasm, support and encouragement to seek out, preserve and interpret old graveyards and cemeteries.Department of Architecture
29
Wilson, Andrew S., Vincent L. Gaffney, Christopher F. Gaffney, E. Ch'ng, R. Bates, G. Sears, Thomas Sparrow, A. Murgatroyd, E. Faber, and R. A. E. Coningham. "Curious Travellers: Repurposing imagery to manage and interpret threatened monuments, sites and landscapes." Oxbow, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17623.
Анотація:
YesThe AHRC-funded Curious Travellers project (www.visualisingheritage.org) is a data-mining and crowd sourced infrastructure to help record, manage and interpret archaeological sites, monuments and heritage at risk. It provides a priority response to the globally important challenge of sites that have been destroyed or are under immediate threat from natural disasters, neglect, conflict and cultural vandalism. The project uses two workflows to scrape web-based imagery and crowd-source imagery to recreate 3D models of sites and monuments at risk. Many threats to heritage are linked to issues of access – impacting conservation and site management as well as the safety of individuals. The project offers sustainable solutions – working with extant imagery that does not place individuals at additional safety risk, whilst helping to contextualise visible archaeology by linking to relevant site and landscape data and integrating this into local historic environment record frameworks that make this data freely accessible to all.
The full-text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 30 Aug 2022.
30
Cooke, Steven John. "The hidden landscapes of the Holocaust in late twentieth century Britain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/32115594-2a5e-425c-9f95-5a49a0d0050a.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the memorial landscapes of the Holocaust in late twentieth century Britain. By using a variety of methodological and theoretical techniques it reconstructs the biography of the mnemonic sites that seek to represent the Holocaust in the British landscape. It argues that these landscapes are structured by a number of discourses which construct the Holocaust as apart from the histories and the geographies of British people. The first is the heroic myths that pervade British society about the role of Britain during the Second World War. The second in the ontologies of Anglo-Jewry within the assimilationist framework of British society. This has produced landscapes which can be described as 'hidden'. The mnemonic sites in Britain that commemorate the Holocaust are in 'out-of-the-way' places and spaces which in turn reinforces the notion that the Holocaust is not something that the people of Britain need to consider as relevant to contemporary society. It also examines the way in which the memorial's relationship with its surrounding location is crucially important in the making of meaning, both for the memorial itself and for the surrounding rural or urban fabric. It argues that an active engagement with the landscape can be used to reconnect the spatial and temporal histories of particular mnemonic sites to explore the way in which the Holocaust is relevant to past and contemporary British social relations.
31
Fraser, Shannon Marguerite. "Physical, social and intellectual landscapes in the Neolithic contextualizing Scottish and Irish Megalithic architecture /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/787/.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1996.BLL : DX192053. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Art, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 1996. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
32
Rose, Mitch. "Monumental vistas : narratives of heritage and the landscape of the Giza Plateau." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272143.
33
Cayre, Emilie. "La monumentalisation des portes et accès en Asie Mineure à l'époque romaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30041.
Анотація:
Cette thèse a pour objet l'architecture de passage qui ponctuait le parcours d'un visiteur ou d'un citoyen au sein du paysage urbain micrasiatique : propylées, portes urbaines et arcs sur rue. Notre travail portait sur les cités d'Asie Mineure, sans cadre géographique restrictif, afin d'obtenir une vision globale du phénomène étudié. L'étude a été partagée en deux grands ensembles : les propylées d'un côté et les portes urbaines et arcs sur rue d'un autre. Les propylées constituaient les entrées monumentales de sanctuaires, agoras, gymnases et bouleutérions. Notre étude comprend les propylées depuis l'époque classique jusqu'à l'époque romaine. Les propylées classiques constituaient essentiellement les entrées monumentales des grands sanctuaires-terrasses hécatomnides de Carie. A l'époque hellénistique, les propylées se sont multipliés et se trouvaient désormais en contextes cultuels et profanes. Les propylées romains représentaient pour la plupart des entrées monumentales rajoutées à des complexes préexistants, peu appartenaient à un nouveau complexe. Nous trouvons des propylées qui reprenaient des formules de l'époque hellénistique, des propylées à façade monumentale édiculée, des propylées qui adoptaient la forme de l'arc romain et enfin des propylées qui reprenaient la forme des salles impériales. Les portes urbaines totalement dépourvues de tout caractère défensif se sont développées grâce au climat de sécurité de la Pax Romana. Elles marquaient la séparation entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la ville, constituaient un véritable repère topographique et, comme la première image que le visiteur avait de la ville, elles annonçaient la splendeur de la ville et projetaient la valeur de l'urbanistas. Ces portes urbaines étaient soit de nouvelles portes insérées dans les anciens remparts, soit libres de tout rempart, soit un réaménagement des anciennes portes. Les arcs sur rue étaient construits sur une rue à colonnades ou à un carrefour pour des raisons urbanistiques et organiques et esthétiques. Tout en embellissant un parcours, ils ponctuaient et articulaient celui-ci et servaient aussi de points de repère. Leurs façades, richement décorées, participaient à l'embellissement et à l'animation des paysages urbains. Ces arcs apparaissaient comme une composante d'un programme urbanistique. Certains arcs étaient honorifiques ou commémoratifs. A l'époque romaine, l'architecture de passage reflétait les changements de la vie politique et de la structure sociale. L'autoreprésentation, la propagande impériale et la vive concurrence entre les cités vont jouer un rôle important dans la conception de ces monuments. Leur richesse et leur magnificence devaient impressionner les visiteurs et donc augmenter l'image reflétée par la cité de sa puissance et de sa gloire.Ils participaient donc à l'ornementation de la citéThis thesis deals with the architecture of passage that punctuate the course of a visitor or a citizen in the urban landscape of Asia Minor : propylaea, city-gates and arches on street. Our work focused on the cities of Asia Minor with no geographical limits in order to provide an overall view of the phenomenon. This study was divided into two major groups : the propylaea on the one hand and city-gates and arches on street on the other hand. The propylaea were the monumental entrances to shrines, agorai, gymnasiums and bouleuteria. Our study includes the propylaea from the classical period to the Roman era. Classical propylaea were mainly the monumental entrances to the major hecatomnid's shrines-terraces of Caria. In the Hellenistic period, the propylaea multiplied and tuned into religious and secular backgrounds. Most Roman propylaea made up monumental entrances added to existing complexes, few being part of a new one. We find some propylaea that went back over formulas of the Hellenistic period, others with monumental edicular façade, those in the form of the a Roman arch and finally the propylaea reproducing the form of "Marmorsaal". City-gates, that were completely devoid of any defensive features, developed in the peaceful period of the Pax Romana. They marked the boundary between the inside and the outside of the city, were a real topographical landmark and, as the first glimpse of the city for the visitors, heralded its splendor and highlighted the value of the urbanitas. These city-gates were either new city-gates inserted into the ancient city-walls, free of any city-walls, or old city-gates rearranged. The street arches were built on a colonnaded street or at a crossroads for urban, organic and aesthetic reasons. While beautifying a course, they structured and punctuated it as well as serving as landmarks. Their richly decorated facades participated in the beautification and animation of the urban landscape. These arches appear as a component of an urban program. Some of them were honorific or commemorative. In Roman times, the architecture of passage reflected changes in the political life and social structure. The self-representation, the imperial propaganda and the fierce competition between cities would play a major part in the designing of these monuments. Their richness and splendor must have impressed visitors and thus enhanced the city's power and glory picture. They participated in its ornamentation
34
Heilen, Michael Peter. "An Archaeological Theory of Landscapes." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1242%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
35
Toupal, Rebecca, Richard W. Stoffle, Nathan O'Meara, and Jill Dumbauld. "The Everchanging Pipestone Quarries Sioux Cultural Landscapes and Ethnobotany of Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292658.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is document traditional plant use of the Dakota and Lakota Sioux as it pertains to Pipestone National Monument. Included in this report are discussions of three periods of cultural landscapes, traditional and contemporary plant use, management recommendations, a bibliography, and resource and legislative appendices. These findings are submitted to NPS as a basis for additional research, consultation, and management of the natural and cultural resources at the monument.
36
Senécal, Nathalie H. "The No. 5 terminal grain elevator in the port of Montreal, monument in a shifting landscape." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59347.pdf.
37
Cameron, Hannah M. "Contesting the Commemorative Narrative: Planning for Richmond’s Cultural Landscape." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5480.
Анотація:
Abstract: New Orleans, Baltimore, and Charlottesville are reevaluating the presence of Confederate statues in their built environment. Known as the Capital of the Confederacy, Richmond’s cultural landscape is visible through the connection of two historical spaces, Monument Avenue and Shockoe Bottom. Both serve as a powerful case study for how the commemorative narrative of these spaces is contested today and how barriers that exist influence urban planning processes and outcomes.
38
Stoffle, Richard W., and Rebecca S. Toupal. "From Earth’s Birth to Crystals: Contextualizing Sunset Crater and other Volcanic Events and Products." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293754.
Анотація:
A presentation on the cultural interpretation by American Indian ethnic groups connected with Sunset Crater of volcanic events and products of such. The complete report, which can be found in this collections, is titled 'Traditional Resource Use Of The Flagstaff Area Monuments.'
39
Wehlin, Joakim. "Östersjöns skeppssättningar : monument och mötesplatser under yngre bronsålder." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1815.
Анотація:
During the Late Bronze Age, the number of metal objects in the Baltic Sea region increased tremendously. Mobility and interaction in this northern inland sea intensified. This occurred in a period of prehistory when the ship was the predominant symbol in southern Scandinavia. The ship can be found in rock carvings, on bronze objects and by way of erected stone monuments: stone ship settings. These stone ships are mainly to be found in the Baltic Sea region, with a marked concentration on Gotland. The stone ship settings and their landscape context are the focus of this dissertation. The objective is to clarify whether it is possible to find evidence of social groupings of people in the Nordic Late Bronze Age (1100-500 BC), by focusing on the stone ship monument, adopting a maritime approach. These people might have been part of a maritime institution specializing in trade and long distance journeys during this period, thus achieving a more advanced maritime way of life in the Baltic Sea. Are the ship settings an expression of these specific groups of people, who utilized their practices to position and articulate themselves in the landscape? If such maritime institutions can in fact be traced, there must also be uniformly structured locations for these groups of people to meet in, some kind of antecedents of harbours. By taking an inland sea, the Baltic Sea, as a geographical demarcation, a different perspective of prehistory is attained. The area in the Late Bronze Age and earliest Iron Age (950/900-200 BC) differed from the Nordic Bronze Age sphere. The communities around the Baltic Sea, through the establishment and sharing of mutual interests, seem to have reached a certain degree of consensus. This concordance might well be largely explained by the complex dependency on metal. Such a manifestation would not have been possible without an infrastructure or network, in this case a maritime one. This is something which has previously been overlooked in discussions on the Bronze Age in the Baltic Sea.
40
Stoffle, Richard W., Kristen Carroll, Amy Eisenberg, and John Amato. "Ethnographic Assessment of Kaibab Paiute Cultural Resources In Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah." Bureau of Applied Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271234.
Анотація:
This report is a Southern Paiute ethnographic study of the Grand Staircase- Escalante NM. This is the first report of activities conducted by the University of Arizona regarding Kaibab Paiute ethnographic resources currently within the boundaries of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). The GSENM is a very large area that has been carved out of some of the most topographically and ecologically diverse lands in North America and contain a range of important Southern Paiute cultural resources and places. The Kaibab Paiute people were one of a number of Southern Paiute districts of the Southern Paiute nation who traditionally and aboriginally occupied and used the biotic and abiotic resources of this area.
This study details the physical, prehistoric, historic, and cultural ties between the Southern Paiutes and the GSENM. In addition, this report presents the current relations of Southern Paiutes to this cultural landscape and the ways in which resource appropriation from the past continues to impact expressions of power in the present.
41
Korčáková, Alžběta. "Zhodnocení objektů Kurialova archivu na Uherskohradišťsku /rozšířené o památkově chráněné objekty/." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233263.
Анотація:
The goal of this doctoral thesis is to map and evaluate the current situation of folk architecture in the region around the city of Uherské Hradiště on the example of selected villages. Later, these findings will be compared with the archive of prof. Antonin Kurial. The text has been extended to include currently listed buildings and output of this work is a new catalogue of buildings of folk architecture in the above mentioned region.
42
Mitcham, Douglas James. "Life with the stones : monuments, fields, settlement and social practice : revealing the hidden Neolithic-Early Bronze Age landscapes of Exmoor, SW Britain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39909.
Анотація:
This thesis characterizes and interprets the nature of Exmoor’s late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC landscapes, including an unusual array of ‘minilithic’ stone configurations. It develops a new theoretical framework using an ontology of assemblages, the concept of affectivity and perspectives on miniaturisation and scale, adopting a Deleuzian understanding of materiality. This promotes an exploration of the processes which led to the appearance, use and dispersal of archaeological entities as assemblages. It includes all forms of people’s interactions with materials, monuments, material culture (lithics) and landscapes; questioning the value of classificatory approaches and studying such themes as monumentality in isolation. The first detailed study of the lithic collections explores how the ontological significance of stone developed over millennia, leading to the emergence of upright stone configurations in the landscape. A detailed synthesis of the available archaeological evidence from excavation, survey, HER and museum datasets is then presented focusing on three case study zones, with entirely new interpretations developed for key sites at multiple scales. It then goes on to explore their wider relationships in terms of chronology, spatial placement, archaeological and landscape context. This is achieved through GIS analysis, original fieldwork (field visits, surveys, geophysics and excavation) and the synthesis and re-interpretation of secondary and archive data. The wider context of Exmoor is then briefly assessed, particularly drawing on evidence from Bodmin Moor. Tendencies to dismiss Exmoor as a poorer relation of such regions is challenged. Exmoor’s monuments challenge thinking on monumentality, particularly regarding the establishment of authority, through the choreography of space, movement and visibility. The miniliths had distinct affective qualities, with a unique capacity for frequent reconfiguration, quite different from megalithic sites elsewhere; yet many of the same practices are apparent. On Exmoor however, what people were doing with these practices was wholly different.
43
Nauman, Travis William. "Digital Soil-Landscape Classification for Soil Survey using ASTER Satellite and Digital Elevation Data in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193446.
Анотація:
Digital soil mapping supervised and unsupervised classification methods were evaluated to aide soil survey of unmapped areas in the western United States. Supervised classification of landscape into mountains and basins preceded unsupervised classification of data chosen by iterative data reduction. Principal component data reduction, ISODATA classification, Linear combination of principal components, Zonal averaging of linear combination by ISODATA class, Segmentation of the image into polygons, and Attribution of polygons by majority ISODATA class (PILZSA process) comprised steps isolating unique soil-landscape units. Input data included ASTER satellite imagery and USGS 30-m elevation layers for environmental proxy variables representing soil forming factors. Results indicate that PILZSA captured general soil patterns when compared to an existing soil survey while also detecting fluvial soils sourced from different lithologies and unique mountain areas not delineated by the original survey. PILZSA demonstrates potential for soil pre-mapping, and sampling design efforts for soil survey and survey updates.
44
Silva, Ana Cecília da Cruz. "Monumento Natural Grota do Angico : florística, estrutura da comunidade, aspectos autoecológicos e conservação." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4485.
Анотація:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis study was developed in an area of Caatinga with 251ha, located in it MONA Grota of Angico, in Sergipe, objectified to determine the floristic composition, to characterize the structure and the community's stadiums of sucession. Were collected angiosperms in the plots and in the trails e demarcated 30 plots, in that the trees or shrubs species had heights and measured circumferences and divided in ecological groups. Were found 174 species belonging to 46 families. The arboreal and shrubby component is composed mainly by individuals in the medium stratum, and the pioneer species prevailed with larger number of individuals and with larger values of importance. To test the hypothesis that in areas of Caatinga is waited that there is a prevalence of species abiotics and that the reproductive phenophases of woody species concentrates on the rainy period, somes ecological aspects were analysed, such as: dispersion syndromes, types of fruits and the reproductive phenological patterns. The characterization of the syndromes and of the types of fruits it was based on the collected fruits of angiosperms, while the phenophases was already certain with base in the collected florid and fructified material of trees and bushes. The zoochory was the type of predominant dispersion. The more common fruits were capsule, baga and vegetable. The phenophases came arranged around the dry period. With the objective of provide information regarding the diversity of the plants of Caatinga and to facilitate its recognition, a guide of field of the flowers and of the fruits collected was elaborated in the study area. It`s expected that the creation of Units of Conservation based on biological approaches is effective in the conservation of the biodiversity. Thus, it was had as objectives to analyze the characteristics of the landscape of that Monument and to identify the existence of menaces antrophics. Some characteristics as size, format and isolation degree were confronted with the main ideas of Ecology of Landscape and the identification of the menaces was based on field observations. Is evidenced that the drawing of the Monument is adapted for the maintenance of the species and that the creation of a Protected Area based on the biological value is shown effective in areas of Caatinga. We identified five threats in 2009: hunting, burning, deforestation, grazing and invasive plants, most of which was reduced in 2010.
Este estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de Caatinga com 251ha, localizada no Monumento Natural Grota do Angico, em Sergipe, com o objetivo de determinar a composição florística, caracterizar a estrutura e os estágios sucessionais da comunidade. Foram coletadas as angiospermas nas parcelas e nas trilhas, e demarcadas 30 parcelas, em que as espécies lenhosas tiveram alturas e circunferências medidas e divididas em grupos ecológicos. Foram encontradas 174 espécies pertencentes a 46 famílias. O componente arbustivo-arbóreo é composto principalmente por indivíduos no estrato médio, sendo que as espécies pioneiras prevaleceram com maior número de indivíduos e com maiores valores de importância. Para testar a hipótese de que em áreas de Caatinga há um predomínio de espécies abióticas e que as fenofases reprodutivas de espécies lenhosas se concentrem no período chuvoso, alguns aspectos autoecológicos foram analisados, tais como: síndromes de dispersão, tipos de frutos e padrões fenológicos reprodutivos. A caracterização das síndromes e dos tipos de frutos foi baseada nos frutos coletados das angiospermas, já as fenofases foram determinadas com base no material florido e frutificado coletado de árvores e arbustos. A zoocoria foi o tipo de dispersão predominante. Os frutos mais comuns foram cápsula, baga e legume. As fenofases apresentaram-se dispostas em torno do período seco. Com o objetivo de disponibilizar informações a respeito da diversidade das plantas da Caatinga e facilitar o seu reconhecimento, foi elaborado um guia de campo das flores e dos frutos coletados na área de estudo. É esperado que a criação de Unidades de Conservação baseada em critérios biológicos seja eficaz na conservação da biodiversidade. Assim, teve-se como objetivos analisar as características da paisagem desse Monumento e identificar a existência de ameaças antrópicas. Algumas parâmetros como tamanho, formato e grau de isolamento foram confrontados com as principais ideias de Ecologia de Paisagem, já a identificação das ameaças foi baseada em observações de campo. Evidencia-se que o desenho do Monumento é adequado para a manutenção das espécies e que a criação de uma Área Protegida baseada no valor biológico mostra-se eficaz em áreas de Caatinga. Foram identificadas cinco ameaças em 2009: caça, queimada, desmatamento, pastoreio e plantas exóticas invasoras, sendo que a maioria foi reduzida em 2010.
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Lemos, Gláucia Gajardoni de. "Formas políticas e urbanismo grego: a arquitetura monumental como representação do poder entre os séculos VI e IV a.C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-25042016-142633/.
Анотація:
Esta pesquisa pretende examinar a consolidação de formas urbanísticas e arquitetônicas como representação do espaço político na Grécia antiga. O objetivo central é o de analisar em que medida o poder político - ou seu formato - interfere no disciplinamento do espaço, especialmente no que se refere à incorporação da ideologia tirânica nas grandes obras monumentais do Ocidente grego. Assim, os dados reunidos acerca da monumentalização do espaço primordialmente de Atenas, na Península Balcânica, e de Siracusa, na Sicília, entre os séculos VI e IV a.C., nos servirão para delimitar um quadro comparativo entre as diferentes formas de organização política e social e o planejamento urbano dessas poleis, de modo a elucidar a chamada paisagem do poder. Em tempo, dados de outras poleis como as de Metaponto, Camarina, Himera, Tasos e Cirene serão incorporados ao conjunto estudado de sorte a dar maior densidade às conclusões esperadas. Para tanto, far-se-á uso de referências metodológicas pertencentes à Arqueologia da Paisagem e critérios inspirados na linha de pesquisa desenvolvida por Amos Rapoport que lida com a questão da especialização do espaço como marca de \"complexificação\" das sociedades.This research aims to examining the consolidation of urban and architectural forms as a representation of Greek political space. The central goal is analyze how political power - or its format - interferes in the disciplining of space, especially with regard to the incorporation of tyrannical ideology in large monumental buildings of the Greek West. Thus, the data gathered about the monumentalization primarily of two Greek cities (Athens and Syracuse), between 6th and 4th centuries BC, serve to delimit a comparative analyse between different forms of political organization and social and urban planning, in order to elucidate the landscape of power. In time, data from other poleis as Metaponto, Kamarina, Himera, Tasos and Cyrene will be incorporated to give more density to the expected conclusions. For that, use will be made of the methodology pertaining to the Landscape Archaeology and criteria inspired by the line of research developed by Amos Rapoport dealing with the issue of specialization of space as a feature of complex societies.
46
Cordeiro, Silvio Luiz. "A paisagem histórica do Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos: o vídeo como instrumento educativo na arqueologia do monumento quinhentista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-09042008-152050/.
Анотація:
Este estudo resulta de um trabalho educativo experimental na arqueologia brasileira, quando, a partir do usufruto do vídeo, desenvolvemos diversas atividades para a produção de um documentário, junto a jovens estudantes da escola pública vizinha das ruínas de um dos primeiros engenhos de açúcar instalados no Novo Mundo: o Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos, em Santos ( SP ), considerado patrimônio histórico do Brasil. A experiência transitou por uma nova relação entre ensino e aprendizagem, buscando-se a construção do conhecimento pelo diálogo com a arqueologia, a propiciar aos jovens uma redescoberta da paisagem histórica onde vivem.This study results of an experimental educative work in Brazilian Archaeology, when, from the enjoyment of the video, we developed many activities for the production of a documentary, next to young students of the neighbouring public school of the ruins of one of the first sugar manufacture installed in the New World: called São Jorge dos Erasmo´s Sugar Mill, at City of Santos, is considered a Brazilian historical patrimony. The experience builds a new relation between education and learning, looking for the knowledge through the dialog with archaeology to give young people the rediscovered of the historical landscape where they live.
47
Delpech, Viviane. "Le château d'Abbadia à Hendaye : le monument idéal d'Antoine d'Abbadie." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU1007/document.
Анотація:
De retour de ses voyages en Ethiopie, l’explorateur scientifique basco-irlandais, Antoine d’Abbadie, fit appel, en 1864, à l’architecte Eugène-E. Viollet-le-Duc pour édifier sa demeure. Le restaurateur de Notre-Dame de Paris et son collaborateur, Edmond Duthoit, qui fut en charge du suivi du chantier et de la décoration, proposèrent une œuvre originale, voire délirante, rare par son homogénéité stylistique et à l’image des goûts éclectiques de son commanditaire et de son épouse. Pour la construction du château d’Abbadia, ils puisèrent dans des sources d’inspiration associant le Moyen Age, la science, la religion, l’Orient et l’Ethiopie, composant dès lors un véritable métissage artistique. Cette thèse s’intéresse non seulement aux modes d’expression de ces influences, mais elle tente également d’explorer les motivations, les significations et la raison d’être d’une telle mixité sur le plan historique et social. La masse des archives permit, enfin, de mettre en lumière l’important réseau des acteurs, notamment des artistes et artisans renommés, qui participèrent à la construction d’Abbadia. L’étude de cette singulière demeure s’articule donc autour des personnalités affirmées de ses commanditaires tout en resituant le château au sein de l’histoire de l’art et de l’architecture du XIXe siècleWhen he came back from his travel in Ethiopia, the bask-irish scientist explorer, Antoine d’Abbadie, appealed in the architect Eugène-E. Viollet-le-Duc in 1864 in order to build his castle. Notre-Dame de Paris’ restaurator and his associate, Edmond Duthoit, in charge of the construction site and decoration, proponed an original and delirious work, rare from its stylistic homogeneity and in the image of its owner’s and his wife’s eclectic tastes. As for the château d’Abbadia’s building, they drew in several inspirations which associated Middle Ages, science, religion, Orient and Ethiopia, which therefore composed a true artistic interbreeding. This thesis consists in studying these influences’ modes of expression, and besides, it tries to explore the motivations and the meanings of such a mixity on historical and social viewpoint. At last, the massive archives permitted to highlight the important web of the actors, in particular well-known craftsmen and artists, who participated to Abbadia’s building. So the study of this singular home is built around its owner’s assertive personalities while setting the castle in 19th century’s history of art and architecture
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Nicolier, Anelise. "La construction d'un paysage monumental religieux en Brionnais à l'époque romane." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20120/document.
Анотація:
Au Sud de la Bourgogne, le Brionnais peut de loin apparaître comme une génération spontanée du XII° siècle. De fait, ce n’est ni une région physique naturelle, ni une division ecclésiastique. En un temps où une frontière vient séparer la France et la Bourgogne, puis l’Empire, une sorte de hasard va faire de ce territoire disparate, en marge, dirait-on, une marche, vouée à se définir. Le Brionnais va se former, bénéficiant d’une politique volontaire, due à la présence active de deux seigneuries féodales, incarnées par les familles de Semur et Le Blanc : autour d’elles, par le jeu des alliances, voire des rivalités, par les prestigieuses carrières ecclésiastiques de certains de leurs membres, les seigneurs du Brionnais tissent des liens avec les grandes familles des territoires voisins. Au résultat, solidité au dedans,ouverture au dehors sur les régions limitrophes, les lieux de culte, églises et monastères, fleurissent en peu de décennies, pour en dessiner un paysage monumental spécifique. Il sera précisément marqué par une originalité assez sûre d’elle-même pour chercher, adopter, interpréter et faire fructifier les influences. En somme, réseau politique, réseau artistique, les édifices religieux vont former un ensemble animé de riches interactions. Ce point de vue nous a permis de renouveler le regard porté jusqu’ici sur ce domaine original, le paradoxe étant que cet ensemble n’est pas parvenu jusqu’au XXIe siècle sans pertes ni modifications, et que, sous des apparences romanes, le paysage actuel est avant tout une construction du XIXe siècle ! Il a donc fallu procéder tout d’abord à une analyse régressive, de décapage dans le temps, et de reconstitution prudemment guidée par les traces et la documentation. En parcourant à reculons le patrimoine religieux contemporain et moderne, nous avons pu remonter jusqu’au IX° siècle, jusqu’ici ignoré de la recherche : elle ne s’était intéressée qu’aux églises conservées en élévation, alors que plus de la moitié des églises construites entre le IX° siècle et le XII° avaient disparu de la surface observable. Le premier résultat est d’importance : l’on peut maintenant suivre la genèse du tissu paroissial, comme un glissement du découpage en agri et villæ vers un maillage de parrochiæ. Une fois restitués la géographie politique et ecclésiastique et le patrimoine, il s’est révélé que le contexte particulier du Brionnais avait donné naissance à une architecture religieuse particulière, grâce à l’étude de la morphologie des bâtiments, de leur style, à une attention spéciale portée à la pierre à bâtir depuis son approvisionnement jusqu’à l’ouvrage. L’architecture du Brionnais offre de fait un profil totalement original. Le détail des analyses montre une invention, née de la capacité des bâtisseurs à puiser formes et techniques à des répertoires variés pour composer des créations inédites. Naturellement, comme l’historiographie du Brionnais roman est abondante (en particulier concernant le décor sculpté), notre travail a croisé les sources de réflexion, les bâtiments, les textes et les images, associant archéologie du bâti, histoire de l’art, géologie, histoire. Pour revenir au côté paradoxal, nous avons gardé le souci de favoriser autour de notre XII° siècle le temps long de l’Histoire, et l’époque Moderne, par exemple, nous a beaucoup parlé du Brionnais romanLocated in South Burgundy, France, the region known as the Brionnais appears, at first glance, to be a 12th Century spontaneous by-product. It is indeed neither a natural region, nor is it of ecclesiastical division. However, in a time where frontiers separated France and Burgundy, and later the Empire, a sort of contingency will mend this disparate and marginal territory into a singularly defined region. The Brionnais will form itself through willful policies thanks to the active presence of the Semur and Le Blanc lordships. The lords of the Brionnais will form connections with neighboring lords through games of alliances and rivalries, as well as through the ecclesiastical careers of certain of their members. The result: an inland solidity, an openness to the adjacent regions; places of worship, churches and monasteries flourish in mere decades in order to construct a singular landscape of religious monuments. The latter will precisely be marked by an originality sure of itself in order to seek, adopt, interpret and make bear fruit of its influences. In all, political and artistic network as well as the religious fabrics will create an ensemble of truly rich interactions. This allowed us to renew our view on this original domain, the paradox being that the latter didn’t survive up to the 12th Century without any loss or modification, and that, under Romanesque appearances, the present Brionnais landscape was actually mainly constructed in the 19th Century! Guided by traces and documentation, I proceeded through a regressive analysis, scouring through time, in order to carefully reconstruct the history of theRomanesque Brionnais religious monuments. Going back through the contemporary and modern religious heritage, I was able go as far back as the 9th Century, thus far ignored by research: indeed, until now, research only concentrated on churches conserved above ground, whereas more than half of the churches built between the 9th and 12th Century disappeared from the observable surface. The first result is of paramount importance: we can now follow the parochial structure genesis, like a shift from an agri and villae division to a parochiae network. Once the heritage and political and ecclesiastical geography reproduced, it appeared that the particular context of the Brionnais region gave birth to a particular religiousn architecture, notably thanks to the study of the monuments’ morphology, its style, and tothe attention given to the stone used, from its provision to the work and result itself. Hence, the original profile of the Brionnais architecture. The detail of the analysis show true invention, hatched from the builders’ ability to draw formes and techniques from various repertoires to give birth to unprecedented creations.Naturally, considering the abundant Brionnais Romanesque historiography (notably the sculptured decor), I cross-checked sources of reflection, monuments, textes and images, associating construction archeology, art history, geology and history. Coming back to the paradoxical aspect, I kept the interest of favoring the 12th Century the time of History, and the Modern era, for example, spoke quite a lot about of the Romanesque Brionnais
49
Elisabethsdotter, Sjölander Madeleine. "Det övergivna monumentet : Aveburymonumentets och landskapets förändring från ca 3000 f. Kr till ca 1500 f. Kr." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-748.
Анотація:
This master essay deals with the changes in the use of and the abandonment of the Avebury monument and the change of the surrounding landscape during the late Neolitihic, about 3000 B.C, and into the Bronze age, about 1500 B.C. The change in the way people supported themselves, the development of agriculture, brought along many other changes as well. I am in this paper dealing with these issues, how and what lead up to these changes, the peoples own part in the development, and I am also looking into the fact that these changes might not have meant an end of old ideologies, but rather a development in the expression of beliefs where the monuments of the neolithic no longer had a place in society.
50
Semat, Aude. "L’image de la tombe en Égypte ancienne. Histoire iconographique d’un motif (XVIIIe – XXIIe dynasties)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040043.
Анотація:
L’objet de cette étude est la représentation de l’architecture dans la peinture (ou architectura picta), en Égypte ancienne, à travers une étude de cas : la tombe comme motif iconographique au Nouvel Empire et au début de la Troisième Période intermédiaire.Après une mise au point sur les principes de représentation égyptiens et l’image architecturale en Égypte, dans toute sa diversité, l’étude porte sur l’évocation de la nécropole et des abords de la tombe dans l’iconographie. Une part importante de l’analyse est consacrée à la montagne en tant qu’objet figuré, notamment sa genèse à la XVIIIe dynastie, et aborde la question de la « représentation paysagère » en Égypte ancienne.L’architecture funéraire fait l’objet d’une mise en image à partir de la XVIIIe dynastie, dans le cadre de la représentation de rites funéraires sur les parois des tombes. Si les premières représentations sont conventionnelles et renvoient à l’architecture sacrée, elles intègrent au cours de la XVIIIe dynastie des éléments du réel, prenant pour modèle les tombes telles que se présentent au Nouvel Empire, c'est-à-dire des tombes pourvues d’une structure pyramidale. Cette image de la tombe à pyramide devient un motif du répertoire iconographique égyptien et perdure sur les cercueils et les papyri funéraires à la Troisième Période intermédiaire, après que les tombes à pyramide cessent elles-même d’exister. L’étude pose donc la question, en filigrane, du rapport au réel dans la peinture égyptienne, mais aussi de la fonction d’une telle imageThe study examines the representation of architecture in painting (or architectura picta) in ancient Egypt, through a case study of the tomb as an iconographical motif during the New Kingdom and the early Third Intermediate Period.After an overview of the principles of Egyptian representation and the architectural images in ancient Egypt, in all their diversity, the study focuses on the iconographical evocation of the necropolis and the tomb’s surroundings. An important part of this study concerns the mountain as an object of representation and in particular, its origins during the XVIIIth Dynasty, as well as dealing with landscape depictions in ancient Egypt.The funerary architecture is put in painting during the XVIIIth Dynasty, within depictions of funerary rites in private tombs. If the first tomb depictions refer to sacred architecture, according to representational conventions ; they show realistic elements in the course of the XVIIIth Dynasty, being modeled after the tomb architecture as it is during the New Kingdom, which is to say a pyramid-topped tomb. This tomb motif is integrated into the Egyptian iconographical repertoire and remains on coffins and funerary papyri, after the pyramid tomb itself disappeared from architecture in the Third Intermediate Period.The underlying question in this study is the relation to reality in Egyptian painting, but also the function of the tomb image