Дисертації з теми "Maladies cardiovasculaires – Maladies"
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Garnot, Delphine. "L'homocystéine dans les maladies cardiovasculaires." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P142.
Brand-Herrmann, Stefan-Martin. "Génétique des maladies cardiovasculaires." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066503.
Kyndt, Florence. "Génétique des maladies cardiovasculaires dégénératives." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT02VS.
Boillot, Adrien. "Pathogènes parodontaux, marqueurs inflammatoires et maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV036/document.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting tissues surrounding the teeth,and is caused by a dysregulation between periodontal pathogens and the host response.Numerous studies observed an association between periodontal pathogens, clinical signsof periodontitis, antobodies against periodontalpathogens, and cardiovascular events oratherosclerosis. The first cross-sectional studywas conducted among 457 adults aged 52+from ARIC cohort. We investigated therelationship between severe periodontitis andmodifications in the retinal microcirculation. Previous studies found increase in retinalvenular diameters predicted futurecardiovascular events. We observed asignificant and independent increase in retinalvenular diameters with severe periodontitis. Ina second cross-sectional study conductedamong 593 adults aged 55+ from INVESTcohort, we investigated the relationshipbetween the presence of periodontal pathogensand phospholipases A2 activities, enzymeswhich are associated with future cardiovascularevents. We observed participants with higherrelative concentrations of periodontalpathogens had higher secretory phospholipaseA2 activity. Future prospective studies areneeded to explore the impact of inflammatorymarkers and first microcirculatory alterations inthe association between periodontitis and futurecardiovascular events
Boileau, Adeline. "Biomarqueurs transcriptomiques sanguins des maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0186/document.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in the World and in Europe. Diagnosis and prediction of outcome of CVD currently rely on the use of protein biomarkers, but should be improved to optimize patient healthcare. Blood transcriptome contains all RNA molecules present in blood cells and in the acellular compartment. Among them, messenger RNA (mRNA) code for proteins whereas small non coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), have a regulatory function by repressing the expression of their target genes. We hypothesized that blood transcriptome, mRNA and miRNA in particular, had a potential as biomarker, diagnostic or prognostic, in CVD. In a first study, we showed that endogenous heparin could lead to an inhibition of reverse transcription and quantitative PCR reaction used to measure miRNAs expressed in the blood, and that this parameter should be considered for studies on blood transcriptome. Secondly, we showed that 3 transcripts (coding for genes LMNB1, LTBP4, TGFBR1) expressed in whole blood, were independent predictors of cardiac function alteration at 4 months post-MI. Furthermore, the inclusion of these 3 transcripts in a prediction model containing clinical variables had an incremental predictive value. In a third study, we showed that circulating levels of miR-574-5p were able to discriminate patients with TAA from healthy controls. Furthermore, miR-574-5p was encapsulated in extracellular vesicles in the blood, suggesting a paracrine role. In the fourth and fifth studies, we showed that circulating levels of miR-122-5p were independent predictors of neurological outcome and survival at middle term post-CA, and were able to increase the prediction value of existing models. We also identified miR-574-5p as an independent predictor of neurological outcome post-CA, specifically in women. To conclude, this work allowed the discovery or the confirmation of the potential biomarker value of transcripts and miRNAs in different CVD. However, their biomarker value should be validated in other large scale studies and with other methods of measurement before foreseeing their clinical utilization
Le, Belleguy Pierre Daniel Alain Reboul Olivier. "Influences des parodontites sur les maladies cardiovasculaires." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/CDlebelleguy.pdf.
Pallaud, Céline. "Détermination d'un profil génétique de risque cardiovasculaire : approche épidémiologique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN12001.
Raingeard, Muriel Nazih-Sanderson Françoise. "Aliments santé et maladies cardiovasculaires les nouveaux ingrédients /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHraingeard.pdf.
Delmas-Marsalet, Béatrice. "Les complications cardio-vasculaires dans la maladie de hodgkin." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23052.
Goretti, Emeline. "Les microARN : biomarqueurs et cibles thérapeuthiques des maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0130/document.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Major issues in the management of these patients lie on the diagnosis and the prediction of the prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression. Circulating miRNAs appeared as potentials biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs could be also useful to stimulate cardiac repair. We hypothesized that miRNAs could be used as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases, and also as therapeutic tools to improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. We evaluated the diagnostic capacity of miRNAs in patients with chest pain. MicroRNA-208b and miR-499 were potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with myocardial infarction, without improving the diagnostic accuracy of traditional biomarkers. MicroRNA-423-5p predicted the rehospitalization of patients with acute heart failure and miR-21 and miR-122 are associated with neurological damage after cardiac arrest. Overall, our results indicate that circulating miRNAs could be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. We also showed that inhibiting miR-16 could stimulate the proliferation, differentiation and pro-angiogenic capacities of endothelial progenitor cells and that miR-150 is involved in the effect of adenosine on the recruitment of these cells after myocardial infarction. These results suggest that miRNAs could be used to improve the revascularization after myocardial infarction. In conclusion, our studies contributed to the characterization of several miRNAs, which clinical utility in the cardiovascular field remains to be confirmed
Dauchet, Luc. "Consommation de fruits et légumes et maladies cardiovasculaires athérogènes." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T068.
Lang, Thierry. "Maladies cardiovasculaires : inégalités de santé et stratégies de prévention." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11T025.
Duflot, Thomas. "Rôle de l'époxyde hydrolase soluble dans les maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR037.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an ubiquitous bifunctional enzyme that is encoded by the EPHX2 gene. The hydrolase activity (sEH-H) is responsible for the conversion of the endothelial vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids whereas the phosphatase activity (sEH-P) is involved in the metabolism of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs).The aim of this work was to develop chromatographic methods and molecular biology techniques to evaluate sEH activities in cardiovascular diseases.We developed a LC-MS/MS method to quantify EETs and their metabolites, the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Using this method, we showed that the endothelial dysfunction of hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients is associated with a decrease in the local production of EETs during flow increase notably due to increased sEH-H activity. In a murine model of insulin resistance, pharmacological inhibition of sEH-H improved renal function by decreasing inflammation, oxidative stress and glomerular lesions. Moreover, genetic investigations of EPHX2 revealed that sEH-H may play a substantial role in the control of renal and vascular function in kidney recipients. Finally, experimental results obtained in knock-in sEH-P deficient rats and genetics findings in patients with heart failure strongly suggest that sEH-P is involved in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis.Taken together, these results strengthen the interest of developing pharmacological inhibitors of sEH-H to be tested in patients with cardiovascular, renal or metabolic diseases and suggest that the modulation of sEH-P represents a new therapeutic target to treat these pathologies
Hoy, Aline. "La Myéloperoxydase : marqueur et cible pharmacologique potentielle dans les pathologies cardiovasculaires et neurodégénératives." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN12505.
Cornulier, Marie de. "Maladie de kawasak : données actuelles : à propos de 23 observations." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT138M.
Farza, Laatif. "Environnement géochimique et maladies cardio-vasculaires en France." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S016.
Duron, Emmanuelle. "Système IGF-1, maladie d’Alzheimer et maladies cardio-vasculaires." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T030.
Since no curative treatments are available for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focus of early risk factors and markers is of major interest. Hypertension is a risk factor for AD but the impact of antihypertensive therapy on the cognitive function in patients already diagnosed with AD is unknown. We conducted an observational study, including 321 AD outpatients (mean age: 78 years), followed-up three years with a yearly cognitive evaluation by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE/30). MMSE means were significantly higher among patients using antihypertensive therapy compared to those without antihypertensive therapy, after adjustment for age, gender, education level, blood pressure and MMSE at baseline (p< 0. 001)). Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are involved in atherosclerosis and may be involved in MA pathogenesis. We assessed the relationship between IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 (ELISA) serum levels and cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional study, 694 elderly subjects (mean age: 78. 6 years) were included in four memory centers: 224 subjects were diagnosed with AD, 257 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 213 cognitively normal subjects (recruited among patients caregivers) constituted the control group. IGFBP-3 serum levels were higher in the controls as compared to the MCI and AD patients after adjusting for age, gender, educational level, and ApoE ε4 status (p<0. 05). The IGF-1 serum levels were similar between the 3 groups. The main determinants of AD were age (OR (95%CI) = 1. 11 (1. 07-1. 15)), female gender (OR (95%CI)=0. 53 (0. 31 ? 0. 90)), ApoE ε4 status (OR (95%CI)= 2. 76 (1. 68 - 4. 54)), low educational level ((OR (95%CI)= 4,73 (2. 17 - 12. 3)) and low IGFBP-3 level (OR (95%CI)= 0. 83 (0. 70 -0. 98)). These results justify a prospective study to evaluate whether IGF-1/ IGFBP-3 serum levels are determinants of progression from MCI to AD
Liabeuf, Sophie. "Insuffisance rénale chronique et risque cardiovasculaire." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIED001.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes an increasingly serious public health problem due to the population aging. In particular, CKD patients are at high risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the CVD risk in a cohort of adult patients at different CKD stages by evaluating the relationship between vascular parameters, biochemical markers and overall & cardiovascular mortality. We found that arterial stiffening (as measured by the pulse wave velocity) and vascular calcification (as measured by radiology techniques) began early in CKD. However, we found that vascular calcification appears to be a progressive process, since the intensity and frequency of vascular calcification increase gradually but significantly as CKD worsens. Since the high total and cardiovascular mortalities in CKD patients cannot be fully explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, we investigated the impact of new uremic toxins on vascular parameters and mortality. We demonstrated that serum levels of indoxylsulphate and p-cresylsuphate were elevated in late-stage CKD, and were associated with vascular abnormalities and overall and cardiovascular mortalities (independently of vascular parameters ). Furthermore, we found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent in this CKD cohort, and were associated with both mortalities independently of vascular calcification and stiffness. This work identified several important markers/factors that are potentially involved in the high mortality seen in CKD patients. However, these findings need to be confirmed by prospective large clinical studies in larger CKD populations
Benosa, Bruno. "Complications cardio-vasculaires et pleuro-pulmonaires du syndrome d'Ehlers Danlos : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11085.
Adriouch, Solia. "Prévention nutritionnelle des maladies cardiovasculaires : comportement alimentaire et apports en polyphénols." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD029/document.
Nutrition is one of the modifiable environmental factors that may have a major role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this context, in etiological epidemiology, there has been a growing interest in polyphenols – bioactive components that are potentially protective. Hence, the general objective of the work presented in this thesis was to study the link between the quality of the diet and CVD, based on data from the French cohorts SU.VI.MAX and NutriNet-Santé.The first objective was to study the prospective association between an individual score measuring the overall quality of the diet (the FSA-NPS DI) and CVD risk, in the context of a French national primary prevention strategy aiming to apply a coloured front-of-package label (the 5C label). The second objective was to examine the association of dietary intakes of different polyphenols with CVD risk and with weight change, using the Phenol-Explorer® composition table. Finally, the third objective was to compare the food and nutrient consumptions and lifestyle behaviours of NutriNet-Santé participants presenting a CVD or a cardiometabolic disorder with those of ‘control’ participants. Concerning the first objective, our results indicated that the choice of foods of a lower nutritional quality, as reflected by a higher FSA-NPS DI score, was associated with an increase in CVD risk – in particular among overweight or obese participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort, and among participants of the SU.VI.MAX cohort that were smokers or had a low physical activity level. Concerning the second objective, our results indicated that anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, dihydroflavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, other phenolic acids and stilbenes were associated with a lower CVD risk. Our results also indicated that a higher intake of total polyphenols as well as a higher intake of falvones, flavanones, proanthocyanins, lignans and hydroxycinnamic acids was associated with a less pronounced increase in body mass index and waist circumference over 6 years. Concerning the third objective, we have shown that adults presenting a CVD or a cardiometabolic disorder had less beneficial behaviours than control participants of the same age and sex, in terms of physical activity, smoking status, and the consumption of alcohol, fruits and vegetables, whole grain cereals, of meat and particularly of processed meat. In addition, we have observed a lower intake of most polyphenol categories among patients. Our results thus provide indications on the nutritional elements that should be at the centre of secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, so as to improve the treatment of CVD and cardiometabolic dysfunctions once that they are diagnosed.To conclude, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the role of nutritional factors in the development of CVD, using both holistic and specific (through polyphenols) approaches. These results are of interest for future prevention strategies that aime at reducing the risks of CVD through nutrition
Azzi, Rabia. "Apport du web sémantique pour améliorer la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD088.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading cause of death and morbidity in men and women in France, and their annual cost is high. The prevention of these chronic diseases is, with their early detection and their rapid and effective management, a possible way to reduce this cost. This prevention involves identifying the modifiable risk factors associated with these chronic diseases, among which are diet and physical inactivity. Thus, the National Health Nutrition Program was set up in France, helping the French to have a better diet, to help reduce the incidence of these diseases. The objective of this thesis is the construction of a system of personalized suggestions based on the profile of the individual and his cardiovascular risk. This approach requires the establishment of an interdisciplinary approach involving researchers in the fields of computer science, epidemiology and nutrition. The importance of this collaboration is justified by the need to produce suggestions supported by proven research in these areas. The first contribution of this thesis is the integration of semantic web technologies into a new approach to cardiovascular risk assessment that takes into account the interactions between these factors. The proposed approach consists of : (i) extracting and exploiting knowledge from statistical presentations of results ; (ii) construct a conceptual model based on this knowledge; (iii) dynamically visualize the resulting model to better understand the cascading effects. The creation of the visualization tool MCVGraphViz allowed to implement this strategy. The second contribution consists in proposing a solution to exploit the knowledge present in the health plans and the recommendations concerning the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in France. Thus, we opted for a modular approach integrated into the tool MCVGraphViz that allows to produce recommendations (diet, physical activity, etc.) based on the assessed cardiovascular risk and the profile of the individual (sensory preferences, allergic constraints, physical capacity, etc.). The third contribution concerns the nutritional qualification of cooking recipes for a better follow-up : the approach is based on techniques of automatic language processing and ontological reasoning to qualify a nutritional point of view of cooking recipes. Many perspectives are exposed. Most of them aim to improve referral systems and the expressivity of the cardiovascular disease knowledge base
Cazal, Julien. "Prévenir la maladie cardiovasculaire : socio-éthnologie du risque et de l'incitation sanitaire." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1727/.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease is a major public health issue. The aim of the management is to train the patient so that he could adopt healthy behavior to reduce the risk of serious complications. Medical institution act in this direction on the development of self-government. From an ethnographic study conducted in two devices support (detection, rehabilitation) and interviews (n = 59) with professional and patient, research shows how to build "the self-caregiver" by training in risk and promoting change in lifestyle. The first part characterizes the intervention logic specific to each device and shows that the self-government is considered as an individualized or collective approach to risk depending on whether the detection or rehabilitation. The second part is, following an interactionist perspective, the construction of the risk and self-government within the devices. It shows that detection prevails risk learning through a comprehensive, multifactorial health, while in rehabilitation it is learning to live with the risk by a physical discipline. Finally, the third part shows, following a cultural approach to risk, how the medical establishment and the patient think the risk symmetrically. Three positions are determined in relation to the social positions of patients: the "admnistered" who is in the delegation to the medical community, the "medical helper" partner device that adheres to a model of prevention, "the patient-citizen "who is critical of the medical institution
Arsenault, Benoît. "Facteurs de risque en émergence des maladies cardiovasculaires : de l'épidémiologie au métabolisme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26342/26342.pdf.
Arsenault, Benoit. "Facteurs de risque en émergence des maladies cardiovasculaires : de l'épidémiologie au métabolisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20958.
Depuis les cinquante dernières années, les maladies cardiovasculaires (MeV) représentent la principale cause de décès dans la plupart des pays industrialisés. Malgré le fait que la compréhension des mécanismes sousj acents à ces pathologies, tout comme la qualité du traitement offert aux individus à haut risque de Mev ne cessent de s'améliorer, la morbidité cardiovasculaire diminue très peu et tend même à augmenter dans certaines populations. Plusieurs ont démontré que l'augmentation de la prévalence de l'obésité (particulièrement de l'obésité abdominale) et de la sédentarité pourrait, en partie, expliquer cette observation lourde de conséquences pour les systèmes de santé à travers le globe. Il est maintenant bien reconnu qu'une accumulation de tissu adipeux intra-abdominal ou viscéral est associée à plusieurs complications ± cardiométaboliques¿ qui augmentent le risque de MeV. Parmi ces complications, on retrouve entre autres une perturbation du métabolisme des lipoprotéines et des lipides, un état pro-inflammatoire et une perturbation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de l'insuline. Il est maintenantreconnu que les individus avec obésité viscérale sont caractérisés par de petites particules LDL et HDL. Les travaux de ce présent projet de doctorat ont permis de démonter que les hommes et les femmes caractérisés par ce phénotype ont un risque élevé de Mev. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que la sédentarité et l'ob.ésité abdominale augmentent le risque de MeV dans une vaste étude de population européenne. Nous avons également soumis l'hypothèse qu'un profil inflammatoire détérioré pouvait représenter un lien entre ces phénotypes et le risque de Mev. En conclusion, le présent projet de doctorat a démontré qu'au-delà des facteurs de risque traditionnels de MeV, plusieurs facteurs/marqueurs de risque ± en émergence¿ pourraient être utiles afin de raffiner la prédiction du risque de Mev en prévention primaire. Les prochains outils cliniques permettant l'estimation du risque de Mev devront prendre en considération certaines complications associées à l' obésité abdominale.
Bouchard-Mercier, Annie. "Génétique, acides gras oméga-3 et facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25719.
Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex and their risk factors are regulated by many factors, for example the genetic background and dietary intakes. In this project, 210 participants were recruited. Two dietary factors were identified, the Prudent dietary pattern which was characterised by higher intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grain products and non-hydrogenated fats and the Western dietary pattern, characterised by higher intakes of refined grain products, desserts, sweets and processed meats. Both dietary patterns modulated the expression of genes related to the immune system, inflammatory response, cancer and/or CVD. The Western dietary pattern was also associated with a metabolite profile which comprised greater concentrations of certain amino acids as well as small chain acylcartinines. To examine the interindividual variability in the response to a nutrient, a 6 week fish oil supplementation was conducted among the 210 participants. SNPs related to genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation (ACLY, ACACA, GCK, RXRA, ACOX1) were associated alone or in an interaction effect with dietary intakes with the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to the fish oil supplementation. The genetic variability within sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) gene was associated with differences in the response of insulin concentrations following fish oil supplementation. In a second cohort of 691 participants, associations between SNPs, identified in a previous GWAS conducted among the 210 participants supplemented with fish oil, and TG as well as plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were observed. This thesis also comprises a knowledge transfer section where the attitude was identified as the main determinant of the intention of dietitians to discuss nutrigenetics with their patients/clients. Globally, these results demonstrate that dietary patterns modulate the metabolism at several levels and that the response to fish oil is variable depending upon genetic profile and dietary intakes.
Bredent-Bangou, Jacqueline. "Analyse épidémiologique des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28828.
Attobi, Salma. "Essai de géographie des maladies cardio-vasculaires au Maroc : le Service national de Rabat." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30028.
Because we lack data concerning the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases in our country, we had to resort to hospital statistics from the national cardiological section in rabat, without minimising the difficulty in explaining its results. This choice enabled us to achieve two purposes : - first of all, we managed to carry out a geographic study of cardio-vascul- ar diseases on a national scale; thus showing this space and social disparities in this distribution. Indeed, the cardio-vascular diseases essentially touch the most prospersous ragions, but they have also quickly spread and are gaining ground. However, they do not effect all the social classes in the same way. Infectious and hypertension heart diseases are specific to the disadvantaged classes of the population. As for the heart diseases affecting the privileged classes, they are chiefly ischemic heart- diseases and are more frequent among the wealthy and the lower-middle classes. -then, we could evaluate the efficiency of the medical care system, a libe- ral and centralized organisation, and its curing capacity in front of the chronical diseases, this study we have tried to contribute to a better understanding of the health problems that our country is fa
Lefils-Lacourtablaise, Jennifer. "Métabolisme et fonctions des acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne au niveau de l'adipocyte." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0130/these.pdf.
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, potentially do beneficial health effects, mainly in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes. DHA protects against insulin resistance and obesity in rodents and increases insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. The first objective of our study was to determine the time course of DHA incorporation into phospholipids of different tissues in mice and the effects of DHA supplementation on plasma adiponectin and leptin secretions, two cytokines known to participate in the regulation of insuline sensitivity. We showed an improvement of the secreted adipokine profile in mice fed the DHA-rich diet. This effect was associated with a significant increase in DHA incorporation into phospholipids of all analyzed tissues. The beneficial effects on adipokines were fast, since they were observed as early as 4 days after the initiation of the DHA-rich diet, and long lasting as they were still observed 16 days after the arrest of DHA-rich diet feeding. We also showed an increased adiponectin secretion in mice fed an EPA-rich diet. We then studied the effects of EPA and DHA, and that of their oxygenated derivatives on adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L 1 adipocytes. We observed an increased adiponectin secretion after cell enrichment with these n-3 PUFA. Our results suggest that oxygenated metabolites could contribute to this effect. Regarding DHA, we showed a significant increase in adiponectin secretion after cell incubation with protectin DX (PDX). We also showed that only PDX, which has a E,Z,E-conjugated triene motif in his structure, increased adiponectins
Gardini, Alexandra. "Intére͏̈t du dosage de l'homocystéine plasmatique chez des patients hyperlipidémiques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P203.
Marchane, Ibtihal. "Développement d'une méthode d'analyse histomorphométrique de lames histologiques pour l'étude des maladies cardiovasculaires." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1089/1/MARCHANE_Ibtihal.pdf.
Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen. "VEGF-A et phénotypes intermédiaires des maladies cardiovasculaires : une approche de génomique fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0067/document.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and related predisposing statuses such as metabolic syndrome (MetS).The identification of genetic variants that influence the VEGF circulating levels and their associations with MetS and adhesion and inflammation molecules could enable us to have a comprehensive approach of the relationship of this molecule with CVDs. Therefore, we aimed at first to investigate the genetic background of VEGF levels, via a genome wide association analysis, and the pre-analytical and analytical variation factors of VEGF levels measurements before examining the implication of this molecule in inflammation and in MetS. Also, we examined the differences of MetS between Iranian (MASHHAD cohort) and French (STANISLAS cohort) populations. The main findings of this thesis are: 1) the identification of 4 genetic variants(rs6921438, rs4416670, rs6993770 and rs10738760) that explain 47.6% of circulating VEGF levels, 2) the associations of VEGF and its identified genetic variants with adhesion and inflammation molecules such as ICAM-1, E and L selectins , TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP at protein and transcription levels, 3) the association of VEGF-related polymorphism rs10738760 with MetS, 4) the relationship between VEGF regulatory variant, rs6921438, and LDL-C and HDL-C,5) the proposition of the best conditions for measuring both circulating VEGF (serum being the most stable anticoagulant) and its gene expression by reducing time between blood collection and centrifugation, and by avoiding multiple freeze-thaw cycles,6) a high prevalence of MetS in Iranian women. Our results propose the biological connections between VEGF, inflammation and adhesion molecules, lipids and MetS
Delbosc, Sandrine. "Modulation de la NADPH oxydase : cible thérapeutique ou préventive dans les maladies cardiovasculaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30074.
Oxidative stress, as a lack of balance between the oxydants production and anti-oxydant mechanisms, participate in the initiation and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Among the enzymes that produce oxydants, NADPH oxydase is a key enzyme and it modulation could be a therapeutic perspective. In the first part, we have observed the negative modulation of NADPH oxidase in vitro by pharmacologic agents, statins, largely used in the hypercholesterolemia treatment and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The activation of NADPH oxidase is also influenced by endogenous agents, pro-atherogenic (oxidized LDL) and anti-atherogenic (HDL) lipoproteins. Indees oxidized LDL increase the superoxide anion production and HDL are able to reduce this production. In the second part, we have caracterized an increasing production of superoxyde anion and oxidative stress in two animal models of cardiovascualar diseases such as hypertension and insulin resistance. The enhenced formation of oxidants and cardiovascular alterations observed in angiotensin II-induced hypertension are totally prevented by simvastatin. Finally, we have evaluated the increase of superoxide anion production in two clinical studies with hypertensive and type II diabetic patients. The overproduction of oxidants in hypertensive patients are strongly influenced by classical atherogenic risk fators and by HDL. The improvement of insulin resistance by hypocaloric diet allows the dicrease of systemic superoxide anion production and oxidative stress markers
Ribault, Sébastien. "Thérapie génique des maladies cardiovasculaires Ciblage transcriptionnel des vecteurs de transfert de gènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13206.
Guertin, Jakie. "Impact de la lipoprotéine(a) sur les maladies cardiovasculaires en fonction du sexe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67773.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. CVD represents an important burden in women because clinical manifestations, mechanisms and risk factors for CVD may be different from those of men. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), similar to low density lipoprotein (LDL), is one of the genetic risk factors associated with CVD. Unfortunately, sex-specific studies of the impact of Lp(a) impact on CVD sex-specific are rare. Our hypotheses were that genetically elevated Lp(a) levels and plasma Lp(a) levels are associated with aortic stenosis (AS), ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary heart disease (CAD) in men and women, and the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and each disease was independent of LDL plasma levels in men and women. Our results suggest that the association between Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD in men and women separately, but not for IS. The results of the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of these three diseases point in the same direction as the results of observational analyzes. Finally, we determined that there is a causal effect relationship between elevated concentration of Lp(a) and the risk of AS in women and AS and CAD in men regardless of LDL plasma levels. Together these results suggest that there is a causal relationship between high Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD for men and women. Our study shows that Lp(a)-lowering therapy could be useful in reducing CVD risk in both men and women with high Lp(a) levels.
Gigou, Luc. "Identification de protéines de liaison des imidazolines dans des modèles cellulaires de phéochromocytome de rat et d'adipocytes murins." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA2094.
Serpillon, Sabrina. "Récepteurs bêta 3-adrénergiques vasculaires : caractérisation et implications physiopathologiques." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT07VS.
In the present work, During this work, we have characterized, by molecular, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, the vascular beta3-adrenoceptor ( β3-AR) expression and function in several species (human, rat and rabbit). The vasodilation induced by its stimulation depend on the endothelium and the nitric oxide pathway in the rat aorta and human internal mammary artery, but is independent of endothelium in rabbit aorta. The vasodilator and pharmacological properties of β3-AR (activation for hight concentrations of catecholamines and low sensitivity to the desensitization phenomenon) led us to determine if the β3-ARs were involved in several cardiovascular pathologies. In atherosclerosis, the β3-AR-induced relaxation was potentiated. On the contrary, in hypertension and heart failure, two pathologies where sympathetic tone is enhanced, the β3-AR vascular expression was increased, without modification of its function
Brisot, Dominique. "Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs : influence de l'étendue des lésions sur la morbidité et la mortalité d'origine cardiovasculaires." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11185.
Dosy, Juliana. "Homocystéine et ferritine, facteurs de risque additionnels des maladies cardiovasculaires chez la femme ménopausee." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62580.pdf.
Gremeaux, Vincent. "La marche : un moyen standardisable de l'évaluation des capacités au cours des maladies cardiovasculaires ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00938704.
Canesi, Fanny. "Les peptides mimétiques de la Thiorédoxine-1 : nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour les maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS500.
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory protein with atheroprotective effects. However, in vivo cleavage of Trx-1 generates a truncated pro-inflammatory protein, Trx-80, which compromises the therapeutic use of Trx-1. The aim of my thesis is to characterize a new therapeutic strategy based on Trx-mimetic peptides (TxMP) for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We synthesized a small peptide based on the active site of Trx-1 named CB3. Firstly, CB3 was validated on cultured peritoneal murine macrophages (cellular viability, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory responses). Secondly, the atherosclerotic mouse model (ApoE2.Ki) fed a high fat diet was intraperitoneally injected with CB3 to measure their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Our results clearly showed that, similar to the full length Trx-1, CB3 exerts protective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages and in ApoE.Ki mice. The atheroprotective effect of CB3 opens promising therapeutic approaches for treatment of atherosclerosis
Des, Moutis H. "Evaluation des lipoprotéines A1 au cours d'un bilan lipidique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P054.
Abdou, Mohamed. "Les métaux en pathologie cardiovasculaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P025.
La, Roche Saint-André Guillaume de. "Troubles cardiaques secondaires aux traitements par le lithium : à propos de 4 observations." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3546.
Syssa, Jean-Laurent. "Incorporation du cycle furanique dans de nouvelles structures analogues des antithromboxanes." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT068G.
Collin, Bertrand. "Etude de la participation du stress oxydatif inflammatoire à l'installation des lésions vasculaires chez le lapin : analyse tissulaire et modulation pharmacologique." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOPE01.
Our PhD works concerned 2 experimental situations responsible for vascular lesions: angioplasty with stent implantation and hypercholesterolemia. 1°) The stents were implanted in normocholesterolemic rabbits, and then we assessed the effect of atorvastatin (Ator) on the stented arteries. Ator no significantly decreased the vascular oxidative stress without effect on inflammation. The Ator did not modulate the neointimal hyperplasia but induced a down-regulation of MMP-2 associated with higher collagen content. These data underline the interest to use Ator for preventing restenosis. 2°) Hypercholesterolemic rabbits had both endothelial and myocardial contractile dysfunctions associated with an arterial oxidative stress mediated by NAD(P)H oxidases, without neither significant remodelling nor inflammation of the arteries. These data allow the early identification of major atherogenesis targets
Davion, Yann. "Synthèse de composés hétérocycliques à structure benzoxazépinone et benzoxazocinone." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2039.
Duboisset, Pascal. "Bénéfice à moyen terme de la chirurgie de revascularisation coronarienne : influence de la fraction d' éjection pré-opératoire : à propos d' une série de 98 patients opérés de novembre 1983 à décembre 1986." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13032.
Guéant-Rodriguez, Rosa-Maria. "Déterminants génétiques et nutritionnels de l'homocystéine : études de populations et association avec les maladies cardiovasculaires." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11312.
Amidou, Salimanou Ariyoh. "Epidémiologie des maladies cardiovasculaires en population générale rurale au Bénin : Cohorte Tanvè Health Study (TAHES)." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0040/document.
Few cohorts have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Its genetic and environmental diversity suggests the need of cohorts to better understanding the specificities of CVD and their risk factors (RF). Method: A pilot cohort was set up in 2015 in a rural setting of Benin. Data for RF were collected at inclusion during a door-to-door survey and events daily through dual health and community surveillances. Prevalence of lower extremity artery diseases (LEAD), electrocardiographic impact of high blood pressure and the social representations of CVD were also studied. Results: The high participation rate (>95%), low attrition (<8%) and good community participation confirmed the feasibility of the cohort. Incidence of CVD was 5.4 cases per 1000 persons-years and the mortality rate 79.2%. Prevalence of LEAD was 5.5% and higher among men and people aged 55 years and above. Left ventricular hypertrophy was 2 to 5 times more frequent among people with hypertension. Social representations of CVD combined biomedical with supernatural explanations. Conclusion: A cohort of CVD is feasible in SSA and highlights CVD’s specificities
Wu, Wen. "Développement de nanoparticules composites polymériques de S-nitrosoglutathion dédiés au traitement oral des maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0115.
As a physiologic nitric oxide (NO) donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) has potential therapeutic application for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). With a longer in vivo half-life than NO, GSNO is still sensitive to many factors leading to poor applicability. This study aimed at the development of nanocomposite particles (NCP) based on synthetic polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating GSNO (GSNO-NP) embedded in a polysaccharidic matrix for oral delivery of GSNO. Although GSNO-NP, with a high encapsulation efficiency, showed an in vitro burst release, they succeeded in the preservation of GSNO stability and bioavailability for smooth muscle cells as they delayed in vitro protein S-nitrosation (NO biomarker) until 18 h. Therefore, to reach the sustained release, GSNO-NP were embedded in a matrix of alginate (a), chitosan (c) or a blend (acNCP). GSNO-acNCP with high encapsulation efficiency (76%) and an in vitro release until 24 h, promoted the highest permeation rate of GSNO through an intestinal barrier model (Caco-2). With this daily oral treatment compatibility Wistar Rat pretreatment by gavage with GSNO-acNCP 17 h before aorta removal decreased the maximal contractile effect induced by phenylephrine (PHE) on isolated aortic rings. Furthermore, the N-acetylcysteine (a thiol displacing NO stores from tissues) produced the relaxation of PHE precontracted aortic rings, proving NO storage in the vessel wall. By increasing the residence time in the gastrointestinal tract thus promoting GSNO crossing through the intestinal barrier, GSNO-acNCP induced a long lasting effect (17 h after administration) through NO storage in vessels