Дисертації з теми "Marchés internes du travail"
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Louzeau-Dumortier, Odile. "Approche stock-flux du marché du travail : marchés internes et mobilité intersectorielle." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100114.
Dos, Santos Ferreira José Artur. "Crise des marchés internes du travail et apprentissage : le cas de la sidérurgie brésilienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131013.
Since R. NELSON & S. WINTER (1982), the cognitive dimension of the firm has been emphasized by the evolutionists. Their loyalty to neo-Schumpeterian heritage has resulted in a strong affinity towards the problematic of the economy of the technology. Due to this kind of exchanges, and also impregnated with the institutionalism tradition in economy and the organisations theory, they were conduced to explore the inertia and the change at the same time. Their problematic was developed through various notions: the uncertain and cumulative character of the technical progress, the technological paradigms and trajectories, the irreversibility of choices, the phenomenon of lock-in at suboptimal trajectories, the routines and the learning process, and the national innovation systems, for instance. However, despite these theoretical advancements, the evolutionist theory will face difficulties in dealing with the enterprise’s political dimension and in inserting it in the innovation and learning process. This thesis has exactly the ambition of contributing to fulfil this gap. On the one hand, the thesis takes into account the ways of institutionalisation of the employment relationship and the modes of organisation of human resources’ management. On the other hand, it considers the modes of institutionalisation of innovation process and the modes of organizing the learning process in the enterprises. The experience of the Brazilian iron and steel industry help to discuss the limits and possibilities of the emergency of cooperative relations, considering the local specificities of the employment relations and the importance of incremental innovations in this industry
Biencourt, Olivier. "Théorie de l'entreprise : pluralité des gestions de la qualité et fonctionnement des marchés internes du travail." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100103.
This thesis offers a reflection on the link between the internal functioning of the firm - and especially the staff management - and its market behavior as to the quality of products, through the analytical framework of the convention theory. We have therefore chosen to follow three tracks, to demonstrate together the reality and the complexity of this man-product matching. . The wages policy of the firms may have consequences on the quality of the product. We begin with models that have integrated non-economic concepts (equity theory). Still the consequences of these policies on quality mostly emphasize the importance of another issue: the organizational commitment of the wage-earner. . A policy of products can in turn, weight on the labor force management. Previous empirical studies help stress the consequences of introducing a new product on the internal organization of the firm. . We open on to a thorough study of an original model of market, which takes into account, in an especially compact way, the policies of staff management and that of quality. Seen through the usual criteria of consistency and pertinence, this model may be considered as satisfying fully the first criterion, and less so the second one. Nevertheless, a review of this model in terms of convention, added to the empirical study led in the sector of road transport; prove the relative pertinence of this approach. Thus, starting from a seemingly anecdotal issue, one ends up questioning the market as seen by the economists
Elkachach, Salah. "Information et marchés internes du travail : de la théorie aux pratiques des entreprises en matière de ressources humaines." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10030.
As an organization, internal labour markets are studied through the concept of information. Jobs assignement and earnings of the workers not depending on the markets allocation mechanisms are analysed in an imperfect informational outine and through incentives schemes. The confrontation of theoretical representations of internal labour markets with the firm's practices in labour organization and in human management ressources seems to confirm the importance of incentive approaches and schows the possibility of improvment
Corneo, Giacomo. "Syndicat, négociations et marches internes : essais en économie du travail." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0075.
The labour market is characterised by transaction costs that lead to both bilateral monopoly and incomplete employment contracts. These issues are dealt with by means of five independent essays contributing to the theory of labour markets with microfoundations. One of the theoretical models is empirically tested using establishment level data. The unionization rate of an economy is determined in a social custom model, that explains how the free-rider problem is solved and how firms optimally react to the union organising dirive. Mext, wage formation is studied in an economy in which wage minima are centrally fixed and then employers and employees are free to choose whether to bargain also locally. Mext, the interaction between national unionized labor markets and an oligopolistic unified international product market is studied. Finally, the existence and welfare properties of internal labour markets in a centrally planned economy are examined
Mellet, Kevin. "Les marchés numériques du travail : l'émergence de nouvelles technologies de coordination." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090298.
En premier lieu, nous nous interrogeons sur la capacité de l'internet à réduire les frictions sur le marché du travail. D'un point de vue théorique, la baisse des coûts de recherche devrait se traduire par une amélioration du mécanisme global d'appariement ; cependant, les tests empiriques ne confirment pas ces prédictions. Ce résultat nous conduit à focaliser notre attention sur les intermédiaires du marché du travail positionnés sur l'internet. Nous nous intéressons à l'interaction stratégique des intermédiaires, dans une perspective d'économie industrielle. Nous montrons que les externalités de réseau et l'incertitude qualitative, qui jouent un rôle déterminant dans la structuration des marchés numériques du travail, engendrent des frictions.
Il convient, dans un deuxième temps, de considérer la façon dont les technologies de coordination construites par les intermédiaires contribuent à réduire l'incertitude à laquelle font face les agents. Nous nous appuyons sur l'analyse statistique d'un échantillon de requêtes effectuées sur un moteur de recherche d'offres d'emploi pour montrer que l'internet permet d'améliorer le niveau d'information des agents, à condition que cette information soit structurée. Or, les technologies de coordination, qui permettent de structurer l'information pour la rendre exploitable, ne sont pas ‘neutres' car elles incorporent des modes de qualification du travail. Ce questionnement est approfondi, en lien avec les institutions du marché du travail. Nous développons un cadre d'analyse de la pluralité des formes d'intermédiation numérique en explorant les investissements nécessaires pour établir et stabiliser une technologie de coordination.
Gaumont, Damien. "Marché interne du travail, effort et information asymétrique." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020135.
How it is possible to induce to effort heterogeneous workers with a unic labour contract ? answering to this question, this thesis presents a first step in the integration of a flow theory of the firm within an optimal incentives framework. In all chapters, we provide some evidences that at equilibrium, the firm finds too costly to raise the wage high enough to elicit effort from all their employees. These results are take the counterpart of the efficiency wage theory. The modelisation use game theory tools, which is particulary relevant to describe the internal labor market when information is asymmetric. After a survey of literature in the first chapter, we presents some some new theoretical results and test them empirically on panel data. First part is devoted to "post and incentive". The theoretical model, (chap. 2), shows that it may subsist shirkers at equilibrium. Wage and dismissals are negatively correlated. Chapter 3 tests this last proposition on panel data. The second part studies job and incentive, and shows (chap. 4) that it exists moral hazard and adverse selection in training. But the firm cannot always resolve this problem. The fird part is consacrated to "office and incentive". Chap. 5 describe how difficult it is for the firm to induce wealthy top executives officers, because it they are supposed to be able to manage correctly the firm, then they can also correctly manage their own portfolio. The very high wage
Naamane, Farouk. "Le professionnalisme de la main-d’oeuvre et la performance économique de l’entreprise : analyse économétrique des données d’une enseigne française de grande distribution." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSESAM/2021/2021LILUA025.pdf.
After a phase of strong growth, followed by a phase of broadening the basis for extensive growth, the French hypermarket is going through a deep crisis and has entered a phase of erosion of its market share since the end of the 1990s. Many factors can explain this decline, but intense price competition from competing formats remains the main cause.Contrary to the traditional dominant hypermarket model based on price competition and the offer of a minimum of services due to a generalized and systematic self-service, a new qualitative hypermarket model seems to be emerging in the food retail sector in order to regain lost ground. If it maintains the appeal of the customers with low prices via the self-service floors/sectors, considered as an unavoidable constraint, it is now also based on the differentiation by the quality of service through the assisted sales floors/sectors. The success of this model therefore requires an increase in the level of professionalism of the workers.While the central hypotheses of human capital and internal labor market theories suggest that employee professionalism has a positive effect on the firm economic performance, this direct link in the case of hypermarkets is rarely verified empirically. In order to empirically demonstrate this link, we have analyzed econometrically, using a Cobb-Douglas production function, the relationship between business performance and the degree of professionalism of the workers in the different sectors (1043) of 119 hypermarkets of a French retailer firm.The results of the empirical analysis are rich and original and will be of interest to distribution economics specialists as well as to managers. The data mainly show the undeniably positive link between the professionalism and the economic performance in the different commercial sectors, and this, paradoxically, whether it is self-service or assisted sales. They thus support the hypothesis that increasing service quality can be a profitable strategy for hypermarkets. They also show the existence of an alternative model of HRM where hypermarket employees accumulate more human capital and are more qualified. These results are important. They should lead to an incentive for retail players to invest in the professionalization of their workforce and confirm the interest in offering employees, within the framework of an active internal market, prospects for career development and their remuneration. They are also an argument, for the leaders of these groups, in favor of a strategy of "upmarket through quality" as a way out of the current crisis of the classic hypermarket model. Finally, this thesis provides researchers a relevant methodological approach and highlights numerous contributions to theoretical and empirical fields, as well as managerial recommendations for retail firms
Le, Marchand Arnaud. "La structuration des marchés du travail portuaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100114.
Action, in a frame and on a frame, the harbor activity context is the purpose of this thesis. The following approach is at the crossroads of theatrical study of conventions, system of industrial relations and the economy of organizations. The emergence of rules in conexion with merchant logic and the actors' structuring effect are approached by a' systematical study in long run period. These localized organizations, around a convention of normal and intern unemployment, allow to question about rule production, collective learning and the reproduction of localized system. Taking account of irreversibility and efficiency wage hypothesis lead to consider the modality of passage from fixed rule game to variable rule gale, from labor demand paradigm in his opposite strides are studied under the angle of the double-bind theory and the critics of rational and self-fulfilling anticipations models
Herault, Arnaud. "Intégration et ségrégation des immigrés sur le marché du travail." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0004.
The questions related to the integration of immigrants in host countries are positioned in an international context characterized by an increase in population flows in recent decades. The mechanisms determining the integration of immigrants into the labor market depend on individual, social and economic characteristics. Based on this observation, we analyze in this thesis the role of social relations as a determinant influencing both the integration of immigrants on the labor market and the occupational mismatch of immigrants. Concerning the role of social networks as a means of job search, we analyze, using French data, the relationship between network effect and economic cycle. Our results show that the network effect is countercyclical. The use of referrals to find a job is stronger during recessions than during expansion periods. We extend our analysis by studying the relationship between occupational mismatch and the network effect. Beyond individual characteristics that may contribute to explain the probability of being over/undereducated, we hypothesize that finding a job through a referral influences the educational match between immigrants and the jobs held. We observe an ambiguous effect between the role of referrals and occupational mismatch according to the origin of immigrants
Moysan-Louazel, Anne. "Analyse de la transformation recente du marche interne du travail et du modele de carriere des ingenieurs dans l'entreprise : une approche institutionnaliste. economique et de gestion." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11040.
The object of the research is the analysis of internal labor market f5rom the point of view of careers. We think that it is possible to interpret caree's policies as structural elements of internal labor market. Then, we have a double framawork to understand present innovations in human resources policies. The increase of engineers and the decisive asset of their creative and innovatoru potential in present competitiveness make that it is no more possible to ignore employment and carrer's policies of this population. First. We propose a theorical quote of the buildingy of the internal labor market's concept. Then, we pose and explain the existence of a traditional internal labor market where the engineer's carrer force them to leave their origin's category and force them to give up technical job. They are promoted in managerial functions. At the end of the research and the exam of technoloogical, economical and organisational change. We suggest some results. First, the internal labor market of engineers blowed up in sub-internal labor markets. Secondly, one of them is there to form the elite of the firm and propose an expert, manager or coordinator career. Finaly, the other internal labor market proposes a new relation between engineers and employers with no secure of car5eer, more functinnal flexibility and an internal labor market more open on the external market
Salladarré, Frédéric. "Flexibilités et sécurités sur les marchés du travail en Europe." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4022.
This thesis analyses the relationships between forms of flexibility and types of security. Firstly, a historical perspective emphasises the consecration of a general and deliberate movement aiming to enhance worker security in the aftermath of the Second World War in several industrialised countries. We show the emergence since the middle of the 1970s of a general trend toward greater flexibility that depends on labour market institutional settings. Secondly, two forms of flexible employment are analysed according to security/insecurity types: temporary employment and part-time work. Business cycle and institutional factors are considered within a panel data analysis of several European countries from the middle of the 1980s. Temporary employment and part-time work are a mean to adjust employment level to business cycle. Several institutional factors aiming to secure workers influence flexible employment. From a microeconomic point of view, we turn to econometric qualitative data analysis with the European Social Survey covering 18 countries. We evidence that temporary employment and part-time work, especially when this latter is constrained, accumulate several sociodemographic and professional factors that are unfavourable to their security. Several decompositions allow us to show the preponderant dimension of gender in the relationship between flexibility and security
Glorieux, Nicolas. "Optimisation de la trajectoire des cadres, choix de mobilité interne et potentiel d'évolution." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-7.pdf.
This thesis analyse the influence of the previous career on the choice of career guidance when two possibilities are available: internal movement (vertical or lateral) and the decision of firing managers. An empirical study identified two models of career planning, based on the maximization of the net benefit (evaluated performance minus mobility cost). In the first model called + immediate benefit ;, each movement between different occupations is made in order to maximize the benefit. The second model called + delayed benefit ; define a series of movements into complementary occupations. A satisfying performance in the whole set of movements is a necessary condition to access the final occupation because it allows the manager to produce an optimal contribution into this job. This model explain the reproduction of the managerial personnel into big firms by the transmission of organizational knowledges necessary to the perpetuation of the enterprise. The fraction of the managers that are concerned by this procedure depend on the choice of external recruitment made by the employer. When considering occupational characteristics into the choice of internal mobility for two differents jobs, there is an uncertainty on the ability of the agent to master the required capacities in the new job which are missing in the actual job. The success of the mobility is never guarantee ex ante but always verifiable ex post by the observation of the performance in the new job. The fonnalization of the two models with the theory of choice of investment in uncertainty shows that the employer try to reduce this uncertainty by a selection on the individual capabilities and by the consideration of the link between the jobs. We called this link : the level of transferability between the occupations. The employer demand a premiun of performance, proportionnal to the degree of uncertainty, as a proof that the person is a priori able to master the new occupation. The coexistence of the two models depend on the capacity of the agent to achieve the anticipated trajectory. The firm can produce some + generalist ; managers or some + experts ; specialized into a particular field
Valentin, Julie. "Applications de la théorie des contrats à l'analyse des carrières dans un marché interne." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0037.
We consider that employee's productivity is imperfectly known to employers and employees at the beginning of their carrer, as contracts theory usually assume. Information required for ability evaluation is obtained while observing employees performance in the firm. Theoretical and empirical consequence of this process of gradual learning on career dynamics are drawn and empirically tested using a sample of 1058 executives of a french public firm
Pelissier, Cédric. "Les plateformes Internet comme intermédiaires hybrides du marché." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH028/document.
Scanning, new Web economy have created new practices to consume and work with Internet devices. The innovation actors (public laboratories, from R & D, local authorities, etc.) are committed increasingly to alternative models distributed design. The "lead-users" to "crowdsourcing", these distributed collaborative design models are notably supported the potential of dissemination and communication offered by the Internet and the pooling of resources authorized. The ambition here is to build open development and cooperation areas, bringing together designers from different backgrounds and multiplying collaborative interfaces with experienced users in order to lead to the joint definition of new products combining technologies and skills made each entity involved.The thesis proposes to develop knowledge and operate a reflexive return from case studies on these new models of market intermediation and innovation. She tries to reason with the cooperative exchange by focusing on the one hand to devices that support (interfaces) on the other hand the construction of the operating rules of this type of "modular community" (individuals scattered geographically, organizational, cultural, diversity of profiles), however, engaged in the sharing of knowledge and integration skills around new technological assemblies. Research areas to address these issues are organized around the instrumentation interfaces and coordination processes of economic and social exchange systems (contribution / reward) and operation and community control
Thesmar, David. "Les emplois plus qualifiés pour exploiter des marchés plus instables." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0108.
Margerin, Victor. "La reprise des contrats de travail sous le prisme des marchés publics." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0025.
The taking over of the employment contracts is undeniably determined by the business transfer. It is indeed because of such a circumstance that the article L1224-1 of the French Labour Code provides for the French legislation, to take over automatically all the work contracts in progress on the day of the transfer by the transferee. However, this link is nowadays forgotten under a confusion of alternative or specific provisions, providing for the taking over of the employment contracts outside any business transfer. Those developments can be explained by the failure of the European law to standardise the legislation of the Member-States on that particular point. The European law does not want to establish an identical protection and has made the choice to bring an incomplete definition of the notions that make however the gist of business transfer. All in all, each state is free to interpret to its convenience the dispositions of successive directives, under the sole control of the European Court of Justice. This legal cacophony is an opportunity. Indeed, since the topic is so variedly dealt with by different national laws (mainly German, English and Spanish), a comparative study enables to reveal the pros and cons of our French law. The starting point of our reflexion will be the only European consensus on this issue: the loss of a market shall by no means entail a business transfer. From the redefinition of the notion of business to the protection of the rights of both employers and employees, this present study advocates for a simplification of business transfer law
Pilmis, Olivier. "L'organisation de marchés incertains : sociologie économique des mondes de la pige et de l'art dramatique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0110.
The purpose of the thesis is to examine market organization processes in a context of high-Ievel uncertainty and ambiguities on the nature of exchanged goods. Such "uncertain" markets are said to have brought the idealtype of fordist labor exchange to an end and replaced it by brief and fleeting relations with multiple employers. The cases of French "intermittent" actors and free-lance journalists are here investigated in order to question this hypothesis. Economic sociology provides tools to carry out the analysis of these professional worlds. Eventually, the examination of markets through the lens of exchange relationships is proved relevant. These relations first reflect market structures. The attempts to perform their social constructions, with various outcomes in these worlds, reveals patterns of segmentation-related market organizations. Temporalities of exchange relations may also be understood with reference to the position employers hold in a system of linked markets and to the degree of confusion regarding the nature of exchanged goods -either labour or products. Exchange relations also shape markets. Especially, uncertain markets host at least two relations regimes and the more individuals are committed in recurrent relationships, the more competitive constraints loosen: predictability and organizations are then brought into individual activity. By blurring the boundaries between organizations and markets and making their structure more complex, the existence of such an expected relations regime also raises questions about the very market structures and complicates the design of market segmentation
Michiels, Sébastien. "Modernisation, marchés du travail et circulation en Inde : Une approche mixte et multi-scalaire des migrations de travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0080/document.
The multiple economic, political and social changes that occurred in India since the liberalizationprocess initiated in the 1980’s altered the organization and the structure of labour. These structuralchanges reshaped migratory practices depending on workforce demand. This dissertation examineshow the labour market structuration in India has contributed to changing internal migration flows andhow migratory practices evolved. Therefore, to identify the links between labour markets andmigration flows, this study combines macro and micro levels of analysis. The dissertation is organizedas follows. The literature review synthetizes migration theories. Then, in the first part, we propose amacroeconomic analysis of the links between labour market and migration. Through a labour markettypology elaborated for different regions of India, we spatialize migration flows. In the second part,with a microeconomic focus and a mixed approach that combines both qualitative results from ourfieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2014 and quantitative results, we study the evolutions oflabour migration in rural Tamil Nadu. We identify migration patterns and establish the existence of adiversity of migratory practices
Domergue, Gilles. "Les marchés publics de prestations intellectuelles." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020018.
It covers the clientele or the employer, studies leading to written works, projects and prototypes. Every project is subject to the existing code thereon and to the specifications of the clauses of the government administrative codes for the purchase of intelligence stipulated in the civil code no 78-1306 modified on 26-12-78. The thesis comprises three main points. 1) the means of remunerating and terms of financing the above mentioned trading of intelligence, since the evaluation and regulation of the said intelligence is complex. 2) ownership rights: chapter 4 ocag pi deals with this point, giving possible options. 3) the influence of new methods of financing and computer technics on the above mentioned trading of intelligence. The proper remuneration of intellectual services will be based on the cost price, its quality, its usefulness which will provide public authorities (communities) the means of avoiding (controlling) waste. The giver of services will be thereby in a position of greater responsibility, concern and productivity. The internationalization of knowledge will necessarily lead to european and worldwide legislation thereon to protect industrial and political secrets
Lefranc, Arnaud. "Chômage, mobilité et inégalités : étude comparée des marchés du travail français et américain." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0051.
Stella-Caumel, Annabelle. "Micro-marchés du travail, niveau et structure de l'emploi : le rôle des institutions." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0026.
Abdennadher, Chokri. "Marchés du travail et économies en transition : vers un nouveau paradigme du développement." Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10044.
Relying on the sluggish world economy during the last decade, debt crisis and the coming of structural adjustment programs being major tests for the labor markets of developing economies, this thesis hinges on the following questions: how has the labor market responded to changes in macroeconomic conditions and related government policies? To what extent has government intervention affected the microeconomic functioning of the labor market? Particularly, are labor market institutions major impediments to the success of adjustment policies (or economic reform programs) in accord with distortionist dogma of the World Bank analysts? Did countries that relied more on consensual modes of adjustment fare better than others in accord with institutionalist dogma of the international labor organization (ILO) analysts. In fact, these questions raise an open debate contrasting the positions of the (World Bank) distortionists and the (ilo) institutionalists. Coming within the scope of this debate which makes up a framework and a starting point of this research as well, the purpose of this thesis is accurately to account for new developments in development economics. Our practical research agenda here is to determine alternative policies depending on settings and periods (i. E. "the era of (labor markets) adjustments" in developing countries and transition in marketizing economies of eastern Europe) in more consistent representations with reality and further allowing for country idiosyncrasies and different institutional arrangements
Omnès, Catherine. "Marchés du travail et trajectoires professionnelles : les ouvrières parisiennes de l'Entre-deux-guerres." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100123.
The thesis is focused on the process of social, geographical and professional mobility of the female factory workers, living in the region of Paris during the interwar period. The exploitation of original sources allowed a longitudinal survey of the life course process of several generations of women. Three conclusions may be drawn from this thesis: - By contrast with a general assumption, the women labor market cannot be considered only as a secondary market containing poor paying, insecure and unattractive jobs. The women labor market is a segmented market (internal markets professional markets. . . ). - The longitudinal survey leads to emphasize the differences between the women born in Paris and those born in the rural or urban countries. - Even though the social and professional mobility of the female workers was very limited, the evidence is that the women born in 1911 were more likely to experience a higher degree of mobility that those born between 1882 and 1901, this in relation with the economic and social conditions of the labor market
Colombi, Denis. "Les usages de la mondialisation : mobilité internationale et marchés du travail en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0048/document.
Since the 1980's, international mobility appears to be a significant tendency on french labor markets. At some time in their careers, more and more people become “expatriates”. In addition, the injunction to be “international” grow stronger in Higher Education, among labor markets and within a firm. In this dissertation, we study careers of highly qualified and qualified French migrants also known as “expatriates” in order to understand globalization and its effects on labor markets. These qualified migrants live between globalization’s elites and non-qualified migrants and assign value to what they call themselves “international”. By the means of biographical interviews and sequence data stemming from the Histoire de vie 2003 survey (Insee) and the Trajectoires et Origines 2008 survey, we argue that international mobility is a national phenomenon. People do not run away from France but are asked to become “international” by the labor markets’ rules, and, even when they are abroad, a lot of them still have “national careers”. “International careers” are better understood as a product of domestic labor markets transformations. Indeed, it is a way for some domestic actors to achieve domestic objectives: workers who want a (better) job, professionals who are seeking a juridiction, middle classes in struggle with upper classes. Thereby this dissertation is a contribution to the sociological analysis of careers, markets and social classes
Lassassi, Moundir. "Le marché du travail en Algérie : réseaux sociaux, choix occupationnel et salaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2016.
Recent social movements that swept some Arab countries including Algeria showed the fragility of the situation on the labor market in these countries in particular for young people. The first chapter deals with the analysis of the situation of the labor market in Algeria over a long period. Over the past decade the employment situation has deteriorated in terms of job security in particular for young people. The situation remains difficult, especially as the current demographic situation considering pressures on the labor market in the future. In the second chapter, we analyze the strategies for job search including through informal methods. Our results show strong gender specificities in search strategies. Overall, social networks appear to be an effective method to find a job in Algeria but not for skilled jobs. The third chapter aims to study the architecture of employment systems in Algeria. It appears that the model that best explains the behavior of men and women is a sequential two-level model: participation vs. non participation and then choosing a segment on the labor market. In the fourth chapter, we analyze the determinants of the choice of sector and wages for men and women in different sectors in Algeria. Our results show that women are paid less compared to men in the various segments. The public sector is the one that best protects women from wage discrimination
Maillard, Martial. "Essai sur les marchés locaux du travail : analyse théorique et application à la Picardie." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020061.
The aiml of this thesis is the study of local labour markets efficiency. It is analysed in the first chapter through the models of the labour market organised around the aggregate matching function and the beveridge curve. Spatial mismatch is introduced in the second chapter. Propositions derived from this first part enable us to carry on econometric investigations of local labour markets matching functioins and beveridge curves, in the case of a french region, picardy. Such aggregate studies are completed by anhalysing the effects of some local factors on labour market working. So, the fifth chapter studies the effect of industry mix on local unemployment rates. Original theoretical analysis of spatial unemployment differentials are developped and tested in the sixth chapter. These are respectively based on managers consumption choices and commuting. Taxation is introduced in the seventh chapter through a theoretical model. It shows that local labour taxation raises the resortto the temporary help supply industry. Empirical findings based on panel data for firms localised in picardy support this model
Bois-Laurent, Marie-Aude. "Capital humain et croissance : conditions et modalités d'émergence des marchés du travail en Chine." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020058.
The economic growth in china is caracterised by the introduction of market mecanisms. The economic transformations stressed the rural urban desequilibrium. Population movements, which have different characteristics than in the other developping countries, are developping more and more. Our work consists to characterise the individual behaviour of migration and to study its repercussions on chinese growth. Begining with the theory of risk adversion of von neumannand morgenstern and with the xu's model (1991), our research used two different directions. First, we studied individual behaviour of migration, using the models of harris and todaro. We took into account, in a random environment, the multitude of the migration pools and the dichotomy of the different sectors on the labour market. Second, we observed the growth in china. We used, in an environment of endogenous growth, the theory of von neuman and morgenstern, the hypothetis of the probabilist models and the possibility of the multitude of migration pools
Ahn, Sang-Wuk. "Mondialisation et transformation des marchés du travail : Allemagne, Corée du Sud, États-Unis, France, et Japon." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030056.
Nowadays, the Globalization has become a key concept in Socio-economic and political field. The impacts of the Globalization are over all kind of markets, including the labor market. However, the labor market is very different from goods markets. To understand the impacts of globalization on the labor markets, we made theory studies about the globalization and labor market. On the basis of theses studies, the comparative studies between 5 countries (France, Germany; Japon; South Korea and USA) are made. Through our comparative studies, we have remarked the dual evolutions between the countries as followings : the: convergence and diversity in front of the globalization. We can find one of the reasons of this diversity, in the institutional differences between the countries. Labor market’s regulations are heavier than another’s. It means that the capacity of national institutions more important than another’s. In the last part of this text, we made the case studies about the European Union. The EU’s labor market has some complicated aspects. With the Maastricht treaty signed on February 7, 1992, the EU’s single market has been launched. The EU has made the development of legislations on the European level. The Free movement of labor is guaranteed in the EU’s single market as in the internal market of the nation-state. However, the EU’s labor market can not be considered as a real internal market. Therefore, after our theory studies and comparative studies, we can acknowledge the importance of difference between the countries in the field of labor market. This diversity between the countries means that in the era of Globalization, the nation-states keep playing a very important role in this field
Bloy, Géraldine. "Entre règles et marchés, la mise en ordre du travail : Contribution à l'étude de la formation de la relation de travail." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-207.pdf.
Lafuma, Emmanuelle. "Des procédures internes : contribution à l'étude de la décision de l'employeur en droit du travail." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100061.
Ben, Mim Sami. "L'efficacité de la politique économique : le rôle du marché du travail et des marchés financiers." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002247890204611&vid=upec.
In this work we study the problems of monetary and fiscal policy in a national framework. In the first part we analyse separately the monetary and fiscal issues before considering the problems of the policy mix. Relations between fiscal policy, economic growth and employment are examined. For monetary policy we focus on credibility and reputation problems. Game theory is used to study problems in relation with the policy mix. The chapters in the second part are based on personal ideas. First, we consider new hypothesis concerning the game between workers and the central bank. Second we proceed to simulations based on a macro model wich distinguishes between the debt and the stock market and between public and private debt
Abraham, Yves-Marie. "Le Marché : De la main invisible au travail des petites mains visibles." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHEC0006.
Ramos, Maria Natália Pereira. "Marchés du travail et migrations internationale : croissance, crise et marché unique. Cas du Portugal et de la Franc." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010010.
Peyrache, Éloïc. "Essais sur la théorie économique des signaux : applications aux marchés du travail et de la certification." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10075.
This thesis aims at analyzing various strategic behaviors in information transmission. Chapter one considers agents who, in order to signal their ability to the market, strategically decide to compete or to differentiate on different projects. Chapter two analyses the impact of informational externalities on the structure of optimal contracts. It provides a new rationale for the optimality of relative performance contracts and shows that the principal can, on purpose, limit its access to information regarding agents' performance. Chapter three considers the amount of information that is disclosed by strategic certification intermediaries whenever certification provides either some insurance to risk-averse buyers or a means for sellers to differentiate themselves. In both of these settings, information is only partially disclosed at equilibrium
Cordier, Marine. "Le cirque sur la piste de l'art. La création entre politiques et marchés." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100126.
This dissertation deals with change in the circus art world, and is shaped by the sociology of work. The fieldwork is based on sixty-two interviews with artists, observations within different companies and the analysis of various documents. The first part tracks the conditions in which a “new circus”, based on innovation and creation principles, has been developed. It studies how the artists have mobilized in order to obtain public funding, and describes the public policy about circus. The second part analyses the transformations of activity : it shows how the introduction of aesthetic conventions taken from the theater leads to a higher division of artistic labor, while public institutions take a greater part in the distribution of artworks. The third part deals with careers and the change in the labor market. It shows how circus artists create their own companies, searching for independence and trying to prevent job insecurity. They get organized in order to search new forms of regulation of their activity
Nouveau, Cyril. "Mobilité volontaire et mobilité involontaire : une comparaison des marchés du travail en France et aux États-Unis." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010033.
Zernikow, Marcel. "Les règles de conflit de lois confrontées au marché intérieur : étude en droit international privé européen du travail." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D045.
Mobility of workers within the internal market of the European Union is growing constantly, whereas European integration in social matters remains incomplete. The absence of an exhaustively harmonised European Social Law is not only related to the minimum character of harmonisation but also to the lack of an overall competence in social matters. Due to diversity between labour legislations of the Member States, conflict of laws needs to be mobilized in order to guarantee effective freedom of movement. More precisely, Private International Law has the function of promoting the worker protection principle enshrined in free movement law. Our purpose is to analyse possible impacts of the law of the internal market on Conflict of Laws. The subject of the present study is on European Conflict of Laws. Inspired by national conflict of law mechanisms, European conflict of law rules should nowadays fit into the context of European Union Law and therefore adopt its principles. Among those, the worker protection principle – as part of the concept of the internal market – is of high interest. While discovering the content of this principle, we underline different manners in which it can influence conflict of law rules. Our starting point consists in admitting the competence of the European Union for Private International Law matters. While demonstrating failures of the actual European conflict of law rules regarding their adaptability to legislative diversity, we discover that Member States tend to make increasingly use of unilateral mechanisms: Imperativeness is intended to assure Member States’ regulatory interests by designating the law of the forum state. For the purpose of this demonstration, we suggest to analyse the example of posted workers, among others. Territoriality has been observed in Conflict of Laws. This is problematic from the perspective of integration of the internal market, i.e. in our context, the European labour market. Therefore, we suggest that conflict of law rules should be adapted to the requirements of European regulatory interests. Lessons can be drawn from the concept of the internal market which leads us to examine a protective conflict of law rule aiming at integrating the worker into the labour market
Moga, Leslie-Anne. "Les ancres de Schein comme facteur explicatif du plafonnement de carrière volontaire de personnels vieillissants au sein des marchés internes structurés : le cas d'une banque du réseau mutualiste." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24009/document.
Many studies and writings have been made on the them of plateauing career over the last thirty years. However, few have examined the degree of commitment a person can have in builgind a plateauing career, since it appears, not as the result of personal characteristics or structural, but as means achieve a specific objective. Are there peopel who can accept a situation of plateauing career ? Are there reasons that lead them to seek such a situation ? Is it through the analysis of people suffering in plateauing career in a French Bank, that these question will be addressed. The results or our research reveal a key insight : the impact of the presence of one or more Schein anchor’s expectations to the career and will be a plateauing. These results thus suggest a model of voluntary plateau
Bernier, Philippe. "Les mécanismes de diversification des contrats de travail : contribution à l'analyse du rôle de la formation professionnelle dans les différents marchés de l'emploi." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL20035.
Zhang, Rui. "Essays on Matching, Outsourcing and Social Networks." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10014/document.
Chapter 1: Getting Job from My Unemployed Friends: A Social Network Perspective. This paper aims to learn the role of social networks formed by unemployed workers in job transmission. We develop a model with an endogenous threshold of workers' job dissatisfaction. Compared with the case without social networks, it is shown that unemployed workers' welfare is higher and unemployment rate is lower. And social planner prefers the workers to become more selective. When networks differ in size, increasing the size difference is beneficial for workers with large social networks but detrimental to those with small ones; in addition, the unemployment rate decreases. However, because of the dilution effect, as the proportion of unemployed workers with large networks increases, it eventually results in losses for all unemployed workers, and the unemployment rate may follow a non-monotonic pattern. / Chapter 2: Another Look at Two-Tier Unemployment Compensation Reforming .This paper analyzes the importance of wage setting scheme in determining the impact of two-tier unemployment compensation reforming. We construct a stylized search model where wages are respectively set through collective and individual Nash bargaining. The model is calibrated with regard to the characteristics of US and French labor market. We first show that reducing the required contribution time of obtaining UI eligibility reduces the unemployment rate when the wage is determined through collective bargaining, but raises the unemployment rate when the wage is set through individual Nash bargaining. We second show that reducing the UI duration raises the unemployment rate no matter how wage is negotiated. Last, by doing a counterfactual simulation, we find that the welfare is lower, wage is lower and unemployment rate is higher when the wage is determined through collective bargaining. / Chapter 3: Exposure to new wave of Offshoring, Unemployment and Welfare. In this paper, we study the impact of increasing service relocation. We construct a simple two sector model and find that when the offshoring technology makes progress in the service sector, domestic unemployment can be reduced if the marginal task-specific offshoring cost is large enough. Reducing unemployment makes hiring domestic workers become more costly and consequently makes firm in the manufacturing sector expand its offshoring scale too. In addition to the analytical result, we do a calibration exercise using the parameters of Belgium and the numerical simulation predicts this possibility. Finally, in a simplified two country framework of offshoring, we show that the progress of offshoring technology reduces the unemployment of the low-wage country, raises global welfare and probably raise the global inequality
Cauchon, Christophe. "La hiérarchie face aux réformes de la grande entreprise de service public en réseau et de son marché interne du travail : les cadres de la SNCF." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24005.
Sylla, Ndongo Samba. "Les inégalités de genre sur les marchés du travail des pays en développement : le cas du Sénégal (1992-2002)." Versailles-St Quentin-en-Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS036S.
This research focuses on gender inequality in Senegalese labour market during the 90’s (1992-2002). By this expression, we mean inequality between men and women (i) in access to paid employment; (ii) employment opportunities (employment segregation); (iii) working conditions and (iv) earnings. Taking into account the specificities of the labour markets of the underdeveloped countries is a precondition for all study on economic inequality between men and women. This proposition is our starting hypothesis. Actually, compared to developed countries labour markets, those of developing countries are characterized by the greater heterogeneity of their employment relations. The unequal distribution of men and women across different statuses and institutional sectors is one of the most important facet of gender inequality in this type of context. It implies a segmentation of employment and earnings based on gender. Due to the discriminations they face, their lower access to factors of production and education, Senegalese women still have a low economic status compared to men : they have less access to paid employment; their employment opportunities tend to be limited to a reduced number of sectors and professions; in terms of working conditions, they face a great precariousness as shown by their overexposure to jobs provided by the informal economy; in terms of earnings, they are less paid than men even in the circumstances where their level of education is more important. In order to promote economic equality between sexes, this study advocates a renewed investment on female education and a greater statistical effort on gender issues
Maillot, Valérie. "Le secteur traditionnel et le travail des femmes dans les marchés africains : reproduction du système capitaliste ou société conviviale?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6784.
Shiekhelsouk, Mohamad Najeeb Cherkaoui Mohammed. "Modélisation polycristalline et étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique d'aciers Fe-Mn à l'effet TWIP. Prise en compte du traitement thermique d'élaboration sur le maclage et les contraintes internes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Shielkhezsouk._Najeeb.SMZ0738.pdf.
Sempo, Grégory. "Division du travail dans les tâches internes au nid et distribution spatiale des castes chez la fourmi dimorphique Pheidole pallidula." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211087.
Valette, Aline. "Renouvellement de la segmentation des marchés du travail français et britannique ?Une approche par les salaires et la stabilité d'emploi." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163155.
La problématique relève des approches de type segmentationniste dont on montre la pertinence pour appréhender les effets, sur la structure des systèmes d'emploi, des profondes mutations économiques, sociales et politiques qu'ont connus ces deux pays industrialisés au cours des vingt dernières années. Il en ressort que dans l'un et l'autre cas, les systèmes d'emploi s'organisent en différents régimes de stabilité d'emploi et de salaire et qu'il n'y a pas, dans ce cadre, de généralisation de l'emploi instable.
L'existence de différents régimes valide l'idée de segmentation. De l'estimation de modèles Logit emboîtés ressort une structuration tripolaire des systèmes d'emploi français et britannique qui se maintient d'une période à l'autre. Cette permanence recouvre cependant en France un durcissement de la différenciation au regard de la stabilité d'emploi au sein de la population active occupée d'âge médian. (30-55 ans). Au Royaume-Uni, les régimes où la stabilité est la plus élevé ou la plus faible restent isolés dans un contexte de croissance des inégalités salariales.
Baron, Frédéric. "Marché intérieur et droit social dans l'Union européenne." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090030.
The institution of an internal market between the member states of the European Union is the main objective of the european construction. The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between this market and european and national labour law. First, the formation of a european labour law is a condition for the realisation of the internal market. On the one hand, the establishment of the internal market requires to foster the free movement of workers. On the other hand, the achievement of this market requires the equalisation of social conditions. The implementation of sex equality between workers and the harmonization of social legislations will contribute to this egalisation. Secondly, the full development of the internal market may, at times, go against labour law existing in each member state. Indeed, there is a control of national labour law with regard to free movements (goods and services) and to european competition rules (competition law and state aids). In fact, this study aims at showing the compatibility between the realisation of the internal market and the improvements of living and working conditions for european citizens. European labour law is a factor of social progress and the European Court of Justice takes into account the social goals of the treaty of Rome when examining national labour law subjected to market rules
Pires, Vieira Paulo Sérgio. "Développement, économie familiale et allocation du travail : inégalités et migrations internes/externes dans un village de Beira Alta (Portugal), 1950-1970." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0067.
The international migrations are generally analyzed, from an economic point of view, as a result of the expected salaries differential. Inspired in the new economics of labour migration, our target is to analyze the migrations privileging the economic inequalities on the society of origin. The empiric work takes place in a rural community in the north of Portugal, where important migration flows appeared between 1950 and 1970. The use of different scales of analysis and different sources of information, qualitative and quantitative, has allowed the observation that the higher salaries in foreign countries influence the migration of a particular group of individuals. Those observations have theoretical and political implications in the development process that are discussed along all this research
Sigaud, Thomas. "Mobilités résidentielles et professionnelles des salariés en France : entreprises, marchés et territoires, une articulation en tension." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066780.