Готові списки джерел за темами / Methane reformation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Methane reformation"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 13 вересня 2021
Оновлено: 11 лютого 2022

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Зміст

  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Частини книг
  4. Тези доповідей конференцій
  5. Звіти організацій

Статті в журналах з теми "Methane reformation":

1

Wang, Pengfei, Mingjun Yang, Bingbing Chen, Yuechao Zhao, Jiafei Zhao, and Yongchen Song. "Methane hydrate reformation in porous media with methane migration." Chemical Engineering Science 168 (August 2017): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2017.04.036.

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2

Wan, Lihua, Xuebing Zhou, Peili Chen, Xiaoya Zang, Deqing Liang, and Jinan Guan. "Decomposition Characterizations of Methane Hydrate Confined inside Nanoscale Pores of Silica Gel below 273.15 K." Crystals 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040200.

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The formation and decomposition of gas hydrates in nanoscale sediments can simulate the accumulation and mining process of hydrates. This paper investigates the Raman spectra of water confined inside the nanoscale pores of silica gel, the decomposition characterizations of methane hydrate that formed from the pore water, and the intrinsic relationship between them. The results show that pore water has stronger hydrogen bonds between the pore water molecules at both 293 K and 223 K. The structure of pore water is conducive to the nucleation of gas hydrate. Below 273.15 K, the decomposition of methane hydrate formed from pore water was investigated at atmospheric pressure and at a constant volume vessel. We show that the decomposition of methane hydrate is accompanied by a reformation of the hydrate phase: The lower the decomposition temperature, the more times the reformation behavior occurs. The higher pre-decomposition pressure that the silica gel is under before decomposition is more favorable to reformation. Thus, reformation is the main factor in methane hydrate decomposition in nanoscale pores below 273.15 K and is attributed to the structure of pore water. Our results provide experimental data for exploring the control mechanism of hydrate accumulation and mining.
3

Kovács, Tamás, and Rowan T. Deam. "Methane reformation using plasma: an initial study." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 39, no. 11 (May 18, 2006): 2391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/39/11/013.

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4

Huang, Cunping, and Ali T-Raissi. "Liquid hydrogen production via hydrogen sulfide methane reformation." Journal of Power Sources 175, no. 1 (January 2008): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.079.

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5

Younus, T., A. Anwer, Z. Asim, and M. S. Surahio. "Production of Hydrogen by Steam Methane Reformation Process." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185103003.

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Upcoming hydrogen economy is on rise on political agenda due to growing need of hydrogen. Natural occurrence of hydrogen cannot satisfy the present need of hydrogen. It produces a wide gap between current hydrogen requirement and amount of hydrogen present in earth. To counter this problem, hydrogen is produced commercially in industries through various methods. Among all these methods, SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) process is considered most feasible for being economically cheap as compared to other methods. Being economical does not necessarily mean being eco-friendly. Industrialist does not switch on alternative methods and continue using SMR process which is producing a devastating impact on atmosphere by increasing the amount of CO2 (carbon dioxide). Greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide makes it one of the primary sources of increasing global warming in earth's atmosphere. Apart of other uses, Hydrogen can also be used as eco-friendly energy source as compared to fossil fuel used as energy source. In this paper, the procedure of production of hydrogen through SMR process is reviewed in detail and its pros and cons are discussed.
6

Younus, T., A. Anwer, Z. Asim, and M. S. Surahio. "Production of Hydrogen by Steam Methane Reformation Process." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3scconf/20185103003.

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Upcoming hydrogen economy is on rise on political agenda due to growing need of hydrogen. Natural occurrence of hydrogen cannot satisfy the present need of hydrogen. It produces a wide gap between current hydrogen requirement and amount of hydrogen present in earth. To counter this problem, hydrogen is produced commercially in industries through various methods. Among all these methods, SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) process is considered most feasible for being economically cheap as compared to other methods. Being economical does not necessarily mean being eco-friendly. Industrialist does not switch on alternative methods and continue using SMR process which is producing a devastating impact on atmosphere by increasing the amount of CO2 (carbon dioxide). Greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide makes it one of the primary sources of increasing global warming in earth's atmosphere. Apart of other uses, Hydrogen can also be used as eco-friendly energy source as compared to fossil fuel used as energy source. In this paper, the procedure of production of hydrogen through SMR process is reviewed in detail and its pros and cons are discussed.
7

El-Melih, A. M., A. Al Shoaibi, and A. K. Gupta. "Hydrogen sulfide reformation in the presence of methane." Applied Energy 178 (September 2016): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.053.

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8

Terrell, Evan, and Chandra S. Theegala. "Thermodynamic simulation of syngas production through combined biomass gasification and methane reformation." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 6 (2019): 1562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00638e.

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9

Ohgaki, Kazunari, Takeshi Sugahara, and Shinya Nakano. "Hysteresis in Dissociation and Reformation of Methane Hydrate Crystal." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 32, no. 2 (1999): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.32.235.

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10

Saxena, Surendra, Sushant Kumar, and Vadym Drozd. "A modified steam-methane-reformation reaction for hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, no. 7 (April 2011): 4366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.133.

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Статті в журналах

Дисертації з теми "Methane reformation":

1

Li, Ling. "Catalytic methane reformation and aromatization reaction studies via cavity ringdown spectroscopy and time of flight mass spectrometry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39707404.

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2

Li, Ling, and 李凌. "Catalytic methane reformation and aromatization reaction studies via cavity ringdown spectroscopy and time of flight mass spectrometry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707404.

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3

Husťák, Miroslav. "Vysoce porézní keramické oxidové materiály pro environmentální katalýzu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449796.

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As far as the replacement of fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly options is concerned, hydrogen is considered as the most promising source of energy. Currently, hydrogen is mainly produced through the method of methane reforming. This method requires the utilisation of catalysts made of precious metals. This master's degree thesis therefore investigates perovskite materials SmCoO3, Sm0,8Ca0,2CoO2,9, SmCo0,8Al0,2O3 and Sm0,8Ca0,2Co0,8Al0,2O2,9, which could be utilised as catalysts in the production of hydrogen by methane reforming. Methane reformation occurs on the surface of a catalyst. Therefore, it is desirable to ensure that the specific surface area of a catalyst material is as large as possible. For that reason, the aforementioned perovskite materials were prepared by two sol-gel methods, which are expected to create perovskites with large specific surface areas. It was investigated in the course of the work how the method of synthesis affects the structure and catalytic properties of individual materials. The SmCo0,8Al0,2O3 material prepared by a sol-gel synthesis with propylene oxide as a gelation agent demonstrated the best results - the measurement of catalytic activity showed that the methane conversion had achieved the value of 99%.
4

Kumar, Sushant. "Clean Hydrogen Production and Carbon dioxide Capture Methods." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1039.

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Fossil fuels constitute a significant fraction of the world’s energy demand. The burning of fossil fuels emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, the limited availability of fossil fuel resources and the environmental impact of their use require a change to alternative energy sources or carriers (such as hydrogen) in the foreseeable future. The development of methods to mitigate carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere is equally important. Hence, extensive research has been carried out on the development of cost-effective technologies for carbon dioxide capture and techniques to establish hydrogen economy. Hydrogen is a clean energy fuel with a very high specific energy content of about 120MJ/kg and an energy density of 10Wh/kg. However, its potential is limited by the lack of environment-friendly production methods and a suitable storage medium. Conventional hydrogen production methods such as Steam-methane-reformation and Coal-gasification were modified by the inclusion of NaOH. The modified methods are thermodynamically more favorable and can be regarded as near-zero emission production routes. Further, suitable catalysts were employed to accelerate the proposed NaOH-assisted reactions and a relation between reaction yield and catalyst size has been established. A 1:1:1 molar mixture of LiAlH4, NaNH2 and MgH2 were investigated as a potential hydrogen storage medium. The hydrogen desorption mechanism was explored using in-situ XRD and Raman Spectroscopy. Mesoporous metal oxides were assessed for CO2 capture at both power and non-power sectors. A 96.96% of mesoporous MgO (325 mesh size, surface area = 95.08 ± 1.5 m2/g) was converted to MgCO3 at 350°C and 10 bars CO2. But the absorption capacity of 1h ball milled zinc oxide was low, 0.198 gCO2 /gZnO at 75°C and 10 bars CO2. Interestingly, 57% mass conversion of Fe and Fe3O4 mixture to FeCO3 was observed at 200°C and 10 bars CO2. MgO, ZnO and Fe3O4 could be completely regenerated at 550°C, 250°C and 350°C respectively. Furthermore, the possible retrofit of MgO and a mixture of Fe and Fe3O4 to a 300 MWe coal-fired power plant and iron making industry were also evaluated.
5

Goodby, Brian Edward. "Characterization of copper/zinc-oxide catalysts for methanol reformation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184479.

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The research presented in this dissertation involved characterization of the Cu/ZnO solid catalyst system as applied to methanol/steam reformation. Thermogravimetry was used to investigate in-lab synthesized samples and a commercial product G66B (Cu/ZnO 33/67 wt. %). The 33% Cu sample contained Cu ions in the ZnO matrix. This phase required the highest temperatures (400°C) for H₂ reduction. The 50% Cu sample reduced at a lower temperature (220°C) but its complete reduction required the same maximum temperature. The higher temperature process was similar to the 33% case, while the lower one was due to the reduction of a amorphous CuO phase. The 66% Cu sample reduced in a fairly narrow low temperature (270°C) range. Therefore, its CuO phase has a amorphous structure. G55B reduced at lower temperatures than the in-lab samples. This difference is possibly due to different synthetic procedures used in the production of G66B and the in-lab samples. The CuO phase of G66B appears to be amorphous and well dispersed. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the crystal phases of these solids. The complexity of the initial precipitate was monitored versus the Cu/Zn ratio of the system. The nature of the phases present under reduction conditions was determined. This information has provided insight into the active phases involved in methanol reformation. The role of the solids lattice oxygen was determined. The reaction was carried out on labelled ¹⁸O-containing Cu/ZnO. Incorporation of ¹⁸O into both CO₂ and H₂O clearly indicates the involvement of these oxygens in the reaction. Observation of C¹⁸O¹⁸O indicates that the C-O bond in methanol does not remain intact. XPS was used to determine the effects of oxidation, reduction, and reaction on the Cu component of G66B. Upon oxidation all Cu exists as Cu⁺². The catalyst always contains Cu⁺¹ and Cuᵒ after H₂ reduction. After methanol/steam reformation with a 50/50 vol% mxiture, all Cu is reduced to Cuᵒ. Changes in the Cu/Zn ratio of the surface are interpreted in terms of changes in surface morphology.
6

Kinding, Björn. "Die bibelübersetzung Martin Luthers : eine soziolinguistische analyse der absicht, der methode und der auswirkung." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Tyska, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6225.

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Brundin (2004, S. 63) sagt, dass sich die Reformation „um einen Kampf handelte, der Auswirkungen auf die ganze gesellschaftliche Struktur hatte.“ Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Absichten hinter, die linguistischen Methoden und die sozialen Auswirkungen der Bibelübersetzung Luthers festzustellen, und dadurch die Aussage Brundins zu bestätigen bzw. widerlegen. Es wurde gefunden, dass Martin Luther die Bibelübersetzung und die Reformation in enger Zusammenarbeit mit seinen Kollegen an der Leucorea Universität und unter Führung des sächsischen Kurfürsten, Friedrich III., durchgeführt hat. Dabei haben die verwendeten linguistischen Methoden eine Schlüsselrolle gespielt, und viele heute bekannten wissenschaftlichen Theorien sind praktisch umgesetzt worden. Dazu gehören die Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese, die Defizit- bzw. die Differenzhypothese und die Diskurstheorie. Die Reformation hat eine gewaltige Machtverschiebung zur Folge, wo der Klerus dem Adel viele Rechte abgeben müsste, und die neu erzeugte Sprache der Lutherbibel hat zu einer deutschen Einheitssprache und die Erstehung eines deutschen Nationalstaates geführt. Als Schlussergebnis kann die Aussage Brundins klar bestätigt werden.
7

Chung, Shun-Chang, and 鍾順章. "Optimization of Methanol Reformation Using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98977153781318243391.

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碩士
元智大學
化學工程學系
93
Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of composition include in Cu, Zn and Al and study temperature, feed composition, feed rate, catalyst weight, choice and content of carrier gas on methanol reformation. The catalyst were prepared by oxalic coprecipatation, coprecipatation and polyol method. Beside, there were 27 different Cu, Zn and Al ratio by oxalic coprecipatation to find the best cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst determined by H2 production rate and compare between traditional and high analysis of combinatorial chemistry. The parameters for temperature is 200oC to 300oC, feed composition of H2O/CH3OH is 0.4 to 2.0, WHSV(weight hourly space velocity) is 7.18 to 57.44 1/h, catalyst weight is 0.1 to 0.5g, content of carrier gas are 15SCCM to50SCCM , carrier gas choice air and helium gas. Catalysts were characterized by ASAP (BET), XRD, TPR and SEM. The results through traditional method or high analysis of combinatorial chemistry showed R10:5:5 have the best activity from initial 27 catalysts are same. Not only time of analysis decrease substantially, but times also can decrease from 27 times to 9 times. Further, based on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 ratio closely to R10:5:5 to design other 9 catalysts, find R15:15:5 catalyst activity is highest. R15:15:5 catalyst for temperature 240oC, WHSV 14.36 1/h, H2O/CH3OH ratio 1.2, catalyst weight 0.3g, air content 20SCCM on methanol reformation can get the optimum data that methanol conversion is 97.6%, H2 production rate and concentration are 0.671mole/h/g and 58.89 vol%, CO production rate and concentration are 2.469 mmole/h.g and 0.2163 vol%. From XRD and TPR profile show Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 was prepared by oxalic coprecipatation method present the best method .From BET and Cu surface area can help to understand R15:15:5 (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3=42.85:42.85:14.3 ratio) have bigget surface area 71.10(m2/g), highest Cu surface area 17.86(m2/g), particle size 14.59nm, dispersion 8.252%, activity(AA) 184.5mmole/hr and turnover frequency (TOF) 0.920*105 s-1。 Keyword: fuel cell、reformer、Steam reforming、Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst、chemical kineties.
8

Tsai, I.-TE, and 蔡一德. "Optimization of Methanol Reformation Using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/CeO2(Cr2O3) Catalyst." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93317899623589598168.

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碩士
元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
98
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of modified Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst by Ce and Cr. The catalysts were prepared by oxalic coprecipatation method. First, study the effect of different pH values of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, and find the best activity of the catalyst which was determined by H2 production rate. Then, add the fourth metal(Ce,Cr) to the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst and find the best Cu/Zn/Al/Ce(Cr) catalyst and compare with Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The operating temperature is in the range of 200oC to 260oC, and feed composition of H2O/CH3OH is 1.2 (molar ratio), WHSV(weight hourly space velocity) is 6.19 h-1: the weight of catalyst is 0.2 g,the flow rate of carrier gas is 20 sccm, the carrier gas is air. Catalysts were characterized by ASAP (BET), XRD, and SEM. According to experimental result, pH 7 has the best one because this catalyst can get the maximum value of H2 concentration (61.4 vol%). Surface area of the catalyst is 52.0 m2/g , and the highest surface area of Cu is 10.7m2/g, particle size is 14.8 nm, Cu dispersion is 3.7%; activity(Acu) is 165mmole/hr and turnover frequency (TOF) is 0.185 s-1. Then inporite CeO2 or Cr2O3 to Cu/ZnO/Al2O3(CZA) catalyst at pH 7. The result showed CZACr1(15:15:5:1 wt%) catalyst for 200oC; WHSV 6.19 1/h; H2O/CH3OH molar ratio is 1.2, the weight of catalyst is 0.2 g; air flow rate is 20 sccm. The optimum methanol conversion is 91.5 %; H2 production rate and concentration are 0.44 mole/h×g and 63.0 vol%; CO production rate and concentration are 2.0 mmole/h×g and 0.56 vol%. Based on instrument all analysis, we obtain Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3=15:15:5:1 which has the highest surface area of Cu of 12.5 m2/g; the particle size 13.8 nm, the dispersion 6.13%, activity(Acu) 166mmole/hr ,and the turnover frequency (TOF) 0.32 s-1。
9

WEI, HOU-CHUNG, and 魏厚仲. "Analysis on Numerical Investigation into the Vaporization Efficiency of Different Methanol-Water in the Steam Reformation of Hydrogen Gas." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/894p92.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立臺南大學
綠色能源科技學系碩士班
106
The intention of this study is to investigate the variation in the mole fractions of hydrogen gas four sorts of methanol-water blend ratios affect in the methanol steam reformer, and the four sorts of methanol-water blend ratios are respectively methanol-water (50%: 50%), methanol-water (62%: 38%), methanol-water (75%: 25%), and methanol (100%). The mole fraction of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen-rich gas varies because the properties such as density, dynamic viscosity coefficient, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity vary with different ratios of methanol-water blend. The model in this study is built with MATLAB®/Simulink® and Thermolib toolbox, and the purpose of this study is to analyze the mole fraction of hydrogen affected by different feeding conditions including ratios of methanol-water blend, flow rates and the heating temperatures. The simulation results show that it attains the relatively higher mole fraction of hydrogen gas with methanol-water (50%: 50%), and the mole fraction of hydrogen gas is up to 73.1% when the flow rate is 0.5 mol∙min^(-1) with heating temperature 800 K, and the flow rate is 1 mol∙min^(-1) with heating temperature 600 K. As a whole, it attains the relatively higher mole fraction of hydrogen gas with methanol-water (50%: 50%) than methanol-water (62%: 38%), on the other hand, is attains the relatively less mole fraction of hydrogen gas with methanol-water (75%: 25%) as well as methanol (100%). In order to supply proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with high-purity hydrogen gas, the purification of hydrogen-rich gas generated via methanol steam reforming reaction is essential.

Частини книг з теми "Methane reformation":

1

Kumar, Sushant. "Modified Steam Methane Reformation Methods for Hydrogen Production." In Clean Hydrogen Production Methods, 31–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14087-2_3.

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2

Matos, Juan, Karína Díaz, Víctor García, Caríbay Urbina de Navarro, Alberto Albornoz, and Joaquín L. Brito. "Activated Carbon Supported Ni-Ca: Influence of Reaction Parameters on Activity and Stability of Catalyst on Methane Reformation." In Science and Technology in Catalysis 2006, 261–64. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53202-2.50054-3.

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3

"6. Topische Dogmatik im Zeitalter der Reformation." In Topik als Methode der Dogmatik, 172–210. De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110521399-006.

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4

Amphlett, J. C., R. F. Mann, B. A. Peppley, and C. P. Thurgood. "A Deactivation Model for Methanol-Steam Reformation on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst for Optimizing the Production of Fuel-Cell Hydrogen." In Catalyst Deactivation 2001, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium, 205–12. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80199-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Methane reformation":

1

Roseberry, Christopher, Jason Meyers, Frank Lu, Donald Wilson, Ying-Ming Lee, and Paul Czysz. "Experimental Evaluation of Methane Fuel Reformation Feasibility." In 12th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-6937.

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2

Burra, Kiran R., and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Dry (CO2) Reformation of Methane using Nickel-Barium Catalyst." In 14th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5019.

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3

Mwara, Kamwana N., and Inhey Robison. "Steam Methane Reformation Testing for Air-Independent Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems." In 2018 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5175.

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4

Khader, Mahmoud M., Mohammed J. Al Marri, Sardar Ali, Ahmed G. Abdelmoneim, Anand Kumar, Mohd Ali H. Saleh, and Ahmed Soliman. "Catalytic evaluation of Ni-based nano-catalysts in dry reformation of methane." In 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2017.8117488.

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5

Liu, Zheyuan, Mingjun Yang, and Yongchen Song. "MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR OBSERVATION OF METHANE HYDRATE REFORMATION NEAR WELLBORE USING DEPRESSURIZATION." In International Heat Transfer Conference 16. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc16.tpm.023416.

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6

Yuan, Li, Jacob Brouwer, and G. Scott Samuelsen. "Dynamic Simulation of an Autothermal Methane Reformer." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2518.

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A dynamic autothermal methane reformer model has been developed and tested for the production of a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-rich syngas. This study looks at potential advantages and disadvantages of an autothermal reformer, both operating in stand-alone mode and in conjunction with a high temperature fuel cell stack. The model uses a conservation of moles as the fundamental continuity relationship, and applies basic energy conservation equations to simulate both the gas and the catalyst bed energies. Chemical kinetic expressions using empirical constants for the Arrhenius rate terms that describe steam reformation of methane and partial oxidation of methane are simultaneously solved to provide an accurate picture of the reaction dynamics. This paper presents dynamic responses of reformer outlet temperature, hydrogen mole fraction, reaction rates and methane conversion to the perturbation of the reformer inlet variables of steam-to-carbon ratio, oxygen-to-carbon ratio and inlet gas temperature. Also explored is the concept of catalyst “light-off,” where there is found to be a lower temperature limit above which catalyst activity is substantially increased.
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Ahn, Taewoong, Changhyup Park, JaeHyoung Lee, Joo Myung Kang, and Hieu Tien Nguyen. "Experimental Characterization of Production Behavior Accompanying the Hydrate Reformation in Methane Hydrate Bearing Sediments." In Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136737-ms.

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Burra, K. G., and A. K. Gupta. "Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming of Propane Using Calcium Looping." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3621.

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Sorption enhanced steam reforming of propane over Ni catalyst using in-situ carbonation of CaO provides both carbon capture, and enhanced H2 content in the product gas, and enhanced carbon conversion efficiency. Choosing propane over methane for sorption enhanced reforming provides easier fuel handling capability and higher throughput of H2 per unit volume of fuel. Such advantages help in building domestic scale hydrogen production source for sustainable energy production. The effect of propane addition on CaO carbonation and poisoning possibilities in reformation integrated with CO2 capture is explored in a packed-bed reactor. The motivation of propane addition is to model petroleum gas to address the feasibility of carbon capture integration with hydrocarbon reforming processes. Initially, different partial pressures of steam and propane will be used to study the kinetic parameters in a fixed bed reactor at different temperatures. The formed kinetic models will be used to compare the integrated CO2 capture results and the thermodynamic results to evaluate the efficiencies of such process. Higher temperatures provide better conversion efficiency, but the equilibrium of CaO carbonation suggests steam reforming enhancement and CO2 capture needs to be below 1073 K in order to avoid the backward reaction of CaCO3 releasing CO2. The balance between endothermic reformation reaction and exothermic water-gas shift and CaO carbonation reactions is the optimizing parameter for improved conversion to high H2 content. Temperatures higher than 873 K provided higher conversion with lower CO2 capture and H2 content while lower than 873 K provided lower methane conversion and higher CO2 capture and H2 content. Increase in steam to carbon ratio increased CH4 conversion and reduced CO content without affecting sorption with no further reduction in CO2 observed for most of the sorption cycle. These results supplement the available data in the literature to provide superior reaction conditions to improve the process efficiency in hydrogen production.
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McVay, Derek, Li Zhao, Jack Brouwer, Fred Jahnke, and Matt Lambrech. "A Spatially Resolved Physical Model for Dynamic Modeling of a Novel Hybrid Reformer-Electrolyzer-Purifier (REP) for Production of Hydrogen." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3192.

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A molten carbonate electrolysis cell (MCEC) is capable of separating carbon dioxide from methane reformate while simultaneously electrolyzing water. Methane reformate, for this study, primarily consists of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and a high percentage of water. Carbon dioxide is required for the operation of a MCEC since a carbonate ion is formed and travels from the reformate channel to the sweep gas channel. In this study, a spatially resolved physical model was developed to simulate an MCEC in a novel hybrid reformer electrolyzer purifier (REP) configuration for high purity hydrogen production from methane and water. REP effectively acts as an electrochemical CO2 purifier of hydrogen. In order to evaluate the performance of REP, a dynamic MCEC stack model was developed based upon previous high temperature molten carbonate fuel cell modeling studies carried out at the National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California, Irvine. The current model is capable of capturing both steady state performance and transient behavior of an MCEC stack using established physical models originating from first principals. The model was first verified with REP experimental data at steady state which included spatial temperature profiles. Preliminary results show good agreement with experimental data in terms of spatial distribution of temperature, current density, voltage, and power. The combined effect of steam methane reformation (SMR) and water electrolysis with electrochemical CO2 removal results in 96% dry-basis hydrogen at the cathode outlet of the MCEC. Experimental measurements reported 98% dry-basis hydrogen at the cathode outlet.
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Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco, Suryanarayana R. Pakalapati, Jose A. Escobar-Vargas, and Ismail B. Celik. "Numerical Evaluation and Comparison of Different Reduced Mechanisms for Predicting the Performance of a SOFC Operating on Coal Syngas." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55280.

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Three-dimensional numerical simulations of an anode supported button solid oxide fuel cell were performed using the code developed in house DREAM SOFC. The cell operates on coal syngas at atmospheric pressure and 1073 K. A gas phase mechanism and a heterogeneous mechanism are studied in this work to assess their influence on the performance of the button cell. Both mechanisms take into account the steam methane reforming reaction and water gas shift reaction. The implemented electrochemistry model allows the cell to simultaneously electrochemically oxidize H2 and CO. Results show that methane reforming from the bulk reactions is negligible compared to the catalyzed reactions. Also with a higher reformation the power delivered by the cell is improved. A small temperature difference of one degree is observed when both mechanisms are compared. The electrochemistry model does not require the ratio between current produced from H2 and CO to be prescribed a priori as an input. Under the operating conditions used in this study the model predicts the ratio to be around 4 for both mechanisms.

Звіти організацій з теми "Methane reformation":

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Recknagle, Kurtis P., Satoru T. Yokuda, Daniel T. Jarboe, and Mohammad A. Khaleel. Analysis of Percent On-Cell Reformation of Methane in SOFC Stacks: Thermal, Electrical and Stress Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/936215.

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