Дисертації з теми "Muscular mass"
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Sanchez, Fernanda Figueirôa [UNESP]. "Função e massa muscular em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88569.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) apresenta manifestações sistêmicas e, dentre entre elas, as alterações nutricionais são bastante evidentes. A perda de peso e o índice de massa do corpo (IMC) foram os primeiros indicadores do estado nutricional relacionados ao prognóstico em pacientes com DPOC. Entretanto, estudos recentes ressaltam a maior prevalência da depleção da massa magra do corpo (MMC) nestes pacientes. Embora algumas repercussões da depleção da MMC em pacientes com DPOC sejam conhecidas, as informações sobre a distribuição, mecanismos e características das alterações parecem contraditórios. Alguns estudos sustentam a idéia de que a fraqueza muscular é proporcional à perda de massa muscular. Por outro lado, os resultados de estudos recentes sugerem que as alterações qualitativas ou funcionais são mecanismos, adicionais à atrofia, envolvidos na disfunção muscular de pacientes com DPOC. Outro aspecto contraditório é o envolvimento de diferentes grupos musculares; alguns estudos mostram que a função dos músculos dos membros superiores (MMSS) encontra-se relativamente preservada enquanto outros sugerem a existência de fraqueza muscular generalizada. O impacto da disfunção muscular na endurance e na tolerância ao exercício também é controverso. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência e as repercussões da depleção da massa muscular sistêmica e localizada em pacientes com DPOC. Foram avaliados sessenta e dois pacientes com DPOC atendidos no Ambulatório de Pneumologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP; vinte e seis pacientes (VEF1: 49,0±18,0%) com depleção de MMC e trinta e seis pacientes...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents significant systemic manifestations and, among them, the nutritional alterations are very important. Loss of body weight and the body mass index (BMI) were the first indicators of the nutritional status related to the prognosis in patients with COPD. However, recent studies have shown the predominance of the fat-free mass (FFM) depletion in these patients. Although some consequences of FFM depletion are well known, information regarding the distribution, mechanism and characteristics of the modification remains unclear. Some researches support the idea that the muscular weakness is proportional to the loss of FFM. On the other hand, results of recent investigations suggest that either the qualitative or functional alterations are mechanisms, additional to the atrophy, involved in the muscular dysfunction in patients with COPD. Another controversial aspect is related to the involvement of different muscular groups; some findings show that the function of the upper-limb muscles are relatively preserved while others suggest the existence of generalized muscular weakness. The impact of the muscular dysfunction in the endurance function and in exercise tolerance is also controversial. The goals of this research were to evaluate the prevalence and the consequences of the systemic and peripheral FFM depletion in patients with COPD. Sixty-two patients with COPD attending to the respiratory outpatient clinic (Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP) were included in the study; twenty-six (FEV1: 49.0l18.0%) with FFM depletion and thirty-six (FEV1: 59.8l24.4%) without FFM depletion. The depletion was characterized by the presence of FFM index <15 kg/m2, for women, and <16 kg/m2, for men. Patients were, in average, 64.0l9.3 years old and 68% were male... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address)
Neves, Ricardo Pereira. "Efeito de diferentes frequências de treinamento no desempenho de força máxima e hipertrofia muscular em indivíduos treinados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39135/tde-08052018-143220/.
Introduction: Training status is one of the factors that may influence training frequency, and in fact, evidence has suggested that previously trained subjects need to perform strength training (ST) at higher weekly frequencies, in order to increase strength and muscle mass. Objective: To compare the changes in lower limbs maximal dynamic strength (1RM) and in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris muscle, after performing a strength training program distributed at different weekly frequencies in a group of previously strength trained individuals. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 24 male subjects, aged between 18-35 years, who participated in a 9-week ST program. The subjects were divided into two conditions: STEV - strength training with equalized volumes and, STUV - strength training with unequalized volumes. The ST protocol used the leg press 45º exercise (unilateral) as the only exercise, and thus, each lower limb was submitted to one of the proposed weekly training frequencies (i.e., one and three times). The 1RM test in the leg press 45º exercise (unilateral) and the CSA measurements of the quadriceps femoris muscle were performed at the pre and post training moments. Results: The increases in the 1RM values were significant (p<0.001) and similar, in the different ST frequencies of the STEV condition (16.0 ± 10.0% and 17.2 ± 12.2% for one and three times a week, respectively) and STUV condition (19.4 ± 13.1% and 24.6 ± 14.2% for one and three times a week, respectively). For CSA, there were also similar and significant increases (p<0.001), in the different ST frequencies of the STEV condition (2.1 ± 2.1% and 2.0 ± 2.8% for one and three times a week, respectively) and STUV condition (1.5 ± 2.6% and 4.1 ± 5.0% for one and three times a week, respectively). When the effect size (ES) and the confidence interval (CI) were calculated, it was observed that the higher training frequency presented better results in the 1RM and CSA values, only when it was allowed to perform a higher training volume (i.e., STUV). Conclusion: The ST performed three times a week, showed 1RM and CSA increases similar the one performed only once, regardless of training volume equalization. When the higher frequency of ST allowed a greater total volume of training, significant values of the CI of the ES were observed for both adaptations. Therefore, if trained individuals require higher training volumes to increase strength and muscle mass, alternatives such as increased ST frequency can be considered
Sanchez, Fernanda Figueirôa. "Função e massa muscular em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88569.
Banca: Vitor Zuniga Dourado
Banca: José Alberto Neder
Banca: José Antônio Baddini Martinez
Banca: Sérgio Rupp Paiva
Resumo: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) apresenta manifestações sistêmicas e, dentre entre elas, as alterações nutricionais são bastante evidentes. A perda de peso e o índice de massa do corpo (IMC) foram os primeiros indicadores do estado nutricional relacionados ao prognóstico em pacientes com DPOC. Entretanto, estudos recentes ressaltam a maior prevalência da depleção da massa magra do corpo (MMC) nestes pacientes. Embora algumas repercussões da depleção da MMC em pacientes com DPOC sejam conhecidas, as informações sobre a distribuição, mecanismos e características das alterações parecem contraditórios. Alguns estudos sustentam a idéia de que a fraqueza muscular é proporcional à perda de massa muscular. Por outro lado, os resultados de estudos recentes sugerem que as alterações qualitativas ou funcionais são mecanismos, adicionais à atrofia, envolvidos na disfunção muscular de pacientes com DPOC. Outro aspecto contraditório é o envolvimento de diferentes grupos musculares; alguns estudos mostram que a função dos músculos dos membros superiores (MMSS) encontra-se relativamente preservada enquanto outros sugerem a existência de fraqueza muscular generalizada. O impacto da disfunção muscular na endurance e na tolerância ao exercício também é controverso. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência e as repercussões da depleção da massa muscular sistêmica e localizada em pacientes com DPOC. Foram avaliados sessenta e dois pacientes com DPOC atendidos no Ambulatório de Pneumologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP; vinte e seis pacientes (VEF1: 49,0±18,0%) com depleção de MMC e trinta e seis pacientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents significant systemic manifestations and, among them, the nutritional alterations are very important. Loss of body weight and the body mass index (BMI) were the first indicators of the nutritional status related to the prognosis in patients with COPD. However, recent studies have shown the predominance of the fat-free mass (FFM) depletion in these patients. Although some consequences of FFM depletion are well known, information regarding the distribution, mechanism and characteristics of the modification remains unclear. Some researches support the idea that the muscular weakness is proportional to the loss of FFM. On the other hand, results of recent investigations suggest that either the qualitative or functional alterations are mechanisms, additional to the atrophy, involved in the muscular dysfunction in patients with COPD. Another controversial aspect is related to the involvement of different muscular groups; some findings show that the function of the upper-limb muscles are relatively preserved while others suggest the existence of generalized muscular weakness. The impact of the muscular dysfunction in the endurance function and in exercise tolerance is also controversial. The goals of this research were to evaluate the prevalence and the consequences of the systemic and peripheral FFM depletion in patients with COPD. Sixty-two patients with COPD attending to the respiratory outpatient clinic (Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP) were included in the study; twenty-six (FEV1: 49.0l18.0%) with FFM depletion and thirty-six (FEV1: 59.8l24.4%) without FFM depletion. The depletion was characterized by the presence of FFM index <15 kg/m2, for women, and <16 kg/m2, for men. Patients were, in average, 64.0l9.3 years old and 68% were male... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address)
Mestre
Guerreiro, Pedro Miguel Tomé. "Caracterização da força muscular, sarcopenia, qualidade de vida e respetivas relações em idosos com e sem osteoartrose." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29320.
Lasevicius, Thiago. "Efeito de diferentes intensidades do treinamento de força nos ganhos de força máxima e hipertrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-10062016-095506/.
The present study investigated the effect of different resistance training (RT) intensities, with equal total training volume (TTV), on maximal dynamic strength (1RM) and upper and lower limbs muscle cross sectional area (CSA). Thirty men engaged in a twice a week training period for 12 weeks. The study was carried out with a within subject design. Thus, one leg and one arm were set at 20% 1RM (G20) for all subjects and the contralateral side was randomly assigned to one of three possible groups (i.e. G40, G60 and G80, 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM, respectively). The leg and arm that were set at 20% 1RM always started the resistance training session and performed 3 sets to concentric muscle failure. TTV (sets x repetition x mass) was recorded and replicated to other groups. The maximal dynamic strength and elbow flexors and vastus lateralis CSA were assessed at pre, 6 weeks and post intervention. The main results showed similar increases in CSA for G40, G60 and G80 groups (25%, 25,1% and 25%, elbow flexors and 20,5%, 20,4% and 19,5% vastus lateralis, respectively, p<0,05). Only the G80 group showed significant difference from G20 group after 12 weeks of resistance training (25% and 14,4%, respectively for elbow flexors and 19,5% and 7,9%, respectively for vastus lateralis, p<0,05). Regarding 1RM the G80 group showed the greatest increase post 12 weeks of resistance training for elbow flexion (54.2% p<0,05) and for leg press 45º the groups G60 and G80 showed the greatest increases (55.4% e 45.7%, respectively, p<0,05). In summary, when different RT intensities (40, 60 and 80% 1RM) performed the same TTV gains of CSA for elbow flexors and vastus lateralis muscles are similar between them and intensities of 20% 1RM did not result a significant increase in CSA. For muscle strength the highest intensities (60% and 80% 1RM) seemed to be superior to promote strength gains than other intensities. These findings indicate that intensities between 40-80% 1RM with equal TTV can elicit significant increase in muscle hypertrophy in upper and lower limbs; however, high intensities are superior to augment strength adaptations in upper and lower limbs
Hotter, Jessica C. "Breaking the Muscular Mold: The Application of Homophily, Credibility, and Physical Attractiveness within Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control towards Weight Lifting." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83530.
Master of Arts
Sutter, Thibault. "Etude des relations os/muscle et projet de courbes de référence de la densité minérale osseuse et de la composition corporelle chez l’homme jeune : étude multicentrique française." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2006/document.
Our short-term goal is to establish French reference curves of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition once we have data from all centers. We have therefore carried out two preliminary studies for this project whose objectives are as follows: A) To study the determinants of whole body BMD but also bone site specific in relation to measurements of body composition, muscle strength and physical activity in young men B) Cross-calibration in vitro of bone mineral density and body composition parameters measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in order to establish in vivo the correction factors to be used in our baseline project in young men. Using DXA, our study confirmed that lean mass was the most important factor associated with BMD parameters at all bone sites and fat mass had a negative impact on BMD. Grip strength was significantly but moderately correlated with BMD at all sites. No association was found between physical activity and BMD. Regarding cross-calibration, the results showed that the oscillation of the results between the different DXA centers is a problem for multicenter studies and in particular for the evaluation of body composition. Cross-calibration allowed us to calculate the corrective factors to be applied to the data from the centers involved. In order to limit these variations, it would be desirable to develop a standard whole-body phantom that would be used for multicentre studies
Martins, Júnior Helio Alves 1979. "Espectrometria de massas aplicada em estudos de quantificação de hormônios esteroidais na área de medicina veterinária." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248700.
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A Espectrometria de Massas (MS) é uma das técnicas mais empregadas em aplicações bioanalíticas para detecção e quantificação inequívoca de compostos de interesse biológico, provendo informações de extrema relevância para o entendimento dos sistemas biológicos em geral. Neste trabalho, foram realizados estudos de quantificação de hormônios esteroidais por espectrometria de massas no campo da produção animal, por se tratar de uma técnica pouco difundida atualmente na área veterinária. A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu no estudo quantitativo do perfil de quatro hormônios esteroidais em soro de cães da raça Golden Retriever, portadores do gene da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (GRMD). Os animais foram acompanhados durante todas as fases do ciclo estral e os hormônios foram dosados para o entendimento da dinâmica destes compostos ao longo do ciclo. Os resultados comparativos dos níveis hormonais entre os grupos de estudo e o grupo controle apresentaram, pela primeira vez analisados por espectrometria de massas, informações relevantes sobre os níveis destes hormônios. Nossas observações impulsionaram uma importante discussão sobre a correlação das concentrações dos hormônios analisados frente aos sinais clínicos e desenvolvimento da patologia destes animais. A segunda parte deste trabalho consistiu no emprego da espectrometria de massas de alta resolução e exatidão para quantificação de dez hormônios esteroidais em plasma bovino. A metodologia desenvolvida foi aplicada ao estudo dos níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios em vacas clonadas por transferência nuclear de células somáticas (TNCS). Realizou-se um estudos comparativo da cinética dos níveis em plasma dos hormônios no ultimo mês de gestação dos animais clonados, em relação a animais inseminados por fertilização in vitro (FIV) e ao grupo controle, composto por animais de gestação natural. Os resultados mostraram haver alterações na esteroidogênese das vacas portadoras de embriões derivados de técnicas artificiais de gestação e biotecnologia. Foram observadas alterações significativas das rotas de biosíntese e concentrações de hormônios sexuais e corticóides no ultimo mês de gestação dos animais. Estas diferenças e desregulação do processo de biosíntese dos hormônios analisados, promovem alterações das concentrações de hormônios associados ao processo de sinalização de parto, ineficiente em animais clonados por TNCS
Abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most used techniques in bioanalytical applications for detection and unambiguous quantitation of biological compounds, providing information of greatest relevance for the understanding of biological systems. In this thesis, the tandem mass spectrometry has been applied for quantitation of steroid hormones in the field of animal production, as this technique still remains unusual in the veterinary science. The first part of this work consisted in the quantitative profiling study of four steroids in serum of X-linked Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) dogs. The animals were followed during all estrous cycle phases and the hormones were measured to understand the dynamics of these compounds over the estrous cycle. The results comparison among the studied carrier and affected groups versus the control group presented, for the first time by mass spectrometry, relevant information about the levels of these hormones. Our findings stimulated an important discussion about the correlation of the hormones concentrations against clinical signs and development of the pathology of these animals. In the second part of this thesis, the high resolution mass spectrometry was applied for quantification of ten steroid hormones in bovine plasma. The methodology was applied to investigate the steroid plasma levels in cloned-derived catlle by nuclear transfer of somatic cells (SCNT). A comparative study of the plasma steroid dynamics of naturally and artificially conceived bovine pregnancies approaching parturition was carried out. The results revealed changes in the steroidogenesis of recipient cows carrying artificially-derived (ART) conceptuses from biotechnology techniques. Significant changes in the steroids pathway as well as in the concentrations of corticosteroids and sex steroids over the last month of gestation were observed. The steroids pathway dysregulation considerably altered the steroids plasma steroid concentrations in the prior month of parturition contributing to the lack of partutition signaling observed in SCNT-derived pregnant cattle
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
Salame, Marcelo. "PREVALÊNCIA DE SARCOPENIA E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM PARÂMETROS CLÍNICOS E LABORATORIAIS EM MULHERES IDOSAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5834.
O envelhecimento da população brasileira é uma realidade, bem como o consequente aumento de comorbidades próprias dessa faixa etária. Dentre elas, destaca-se a sarcopenia, definida como diminuição da força e da massa muscular, acarretando limitação e prejuízo funcional aos idosos. Até o momento, não existe um padrão da normalidade estabelecido para a região sul do Brasil. Este trabalho visa a estabelecer a média de massa muscular na população adulta jovem e avaliar a prevalência de sarcopenia na população de mulheres idosas. Adicionalmente, visa a avaliar os diferentes critérios de diagnóstico de sarcopenia e sua associação com a capacidade funcional. Trinta e nove mulheres com idade entre 20 e 40 anos e sessenta e cinco mulheres com idade acima de 60 anos foram avaliadas quanto à composição corporal, à força muscular e aos exames laboratoriais. A prevalência de sarcopenia variou de 3,1% a 17,20%, dependendo do critério de diagnóstico utilizado. A avaliação do melhor critério diagnóstico foi feita por meio de Curva ROC e Reclassificação. O critério Baumgartner modificado percentil 10 foi o critério diagnóstico com maior associação à capacidade funcional. Esse estudo confirma a presença de sarcopenia na região sul do Brasil e sugere a necessidade do estabelecimento de novos critérios diagnósticos para esta doença.
Watanabe, Selma Chiyoko. "Efeitos da suplementação de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada para o aumento de massa muscular e redução da gordura corporal: uma revisão sistemática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-02062017-144307/.
The search for increased muscle strength, in parallel to decreased in body fat and improved sports performance has led many people to use protein and/or amino acid supplements associated with the practice of physical exercises. Among the numerous supplements of proteins or amino acids available in the market, the branched chain amino acids (BCAA\'s) have deserved prominence in the last decades. The supplement called BCAA is a combination of three essential amino acids - L-Leucine, L-Valine and L-Isoleucine. The claims made to these amino acids revolve around their effects on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, decreased muscle damage, reduced body fat and improved physical performance. The present study aimed to perform a systematic review of clinical studies in the use of these amino acids in order to increase muscle mass, reduce body fat and increase sports performance, evaluating the results obtained and proving its use and safety. Search for articles in databases resulted in 7502 articles. Following all the exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for the present systematic review. The performance was evaluated in 7 articles. The muscle mass was evaluated in 4. The used dose of BCAA ranged from 1.2 g to 10 g and studies have given supplements in the form of powder, capsules and infusion. The best ratio of leucine, valine and isoleucine was 2:1:1, respectively. Considering that the number of studies with beneficial results almost equals that of negative results, more studies are needed to prove the real benefits of using BCAAs as a strategic supplement to increase muscle mass, reduce body fat and increase sports performance.
Liparini, Alexandre. "Aspectos biomecânicos e morfofuncionais do esqueleto apendicular de Prestosuchus Chiniquensis (Archosaurua : Pseudosucha) e suas implicações para a locomoção." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/38541.
Studying osteological structures and its associated musculature may help to understand the evolution of locomotor traits in extinct animals, especially if this study considers their extant relatives, in order to set up homologies and analogies between the compared structures and their inferred functions. Furthermore, in a biomechanical analysis of the fossil record one should consider the estimated body mass as a fundamental attribute. Prestosuchus chiniquensis is an extinct species of terrestrial archosaur related to extant crocodiles. To test different hypotheses related to the locomotion of this taxon, the muscular reconstruction of the thigh of the specimen UFRGS-PV-0629-T was realized, based on the muscular descriptions of extant birds and crocodiles. It was observed that the main muscular groups considered for the reconstruction of P. chiniquensis were similar in birds and crocodiles in a general manner. Among sixteen muscular groups of the thigh that were analyzed, thirteen were recognized as present and homolog to both extant groups of archosaurs, so that the reconstruction of those muscles in the analyzed fossil specimen showed to be the most parsimonious option, involving the least number of evolutionary steps. On the other hand, the morphological particularities of the pelvic girdle and the hindlimbs gave a distinct arrangement for the origin and insertion sites of this musculature, possibly changing their line of actions. Finally, the comparison between extinct and extant archosaurs showed a basal condition sustained in some aspects, such as the morphology of the femur and the flexion of the knee, though, other aspects were considered as derived, such as the morphology of the pubis and ischium, and their associated muscle origins. At the same time, different methodologies for estimating body mass of fossil specimens were applied, and compared in order to make biomechanical inferences of the locomotors habits of P. chiniquensis. The specimen considered, approximately 4.5 m long (15 ft), presented an estimated mass of 400 kg (around 880 lbs), which, with the general morphology of the hindlimbs, were consistent with a subcursorial locomotor habit, with a preferential “semi-improved” and quadruped posture. However, due to the generalist character inferred for P. chiniquensis – which permitted a wide range of feasible postures – an ambush hunting strategy, with a biped and totally improved posture, may be admitted, possibly conferring some advantages, such as higher speeds, if compared to usual postures.
Dib, Patrick S. "The Effects of Nutritional Supplement, Mass Fx™, on Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Blood Chemistries in Resistance Trained Adult Males." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1216828874.
Zanchi, Nelo Eidy. "Efeito da suplementação com leucina sobre a resposta atrófica da musculatura esquelética induzida pelo uso de dexametasona." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-09052011-100300/.
Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a potent immunosupressor and anti-inflammatory agent but presents side effects such as muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. In this context, leucine supplementation may represent a way to limit the DEXA side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a low and a high dose of leucine on muscle mass, on muscle strength as well as on several metabolic markers that are under insulin control in energy-restricted and DEXA-treated rats. Since leucine response may also be linked to the way of administration of this amino acid, we performed experiments with leucine given in a gavage versus leucine given in drinking water way. Leucine supplementation was found to spare muscle mass, voluntary medium strength and glucose homeostasis in energy restricted animals but the effect was observed only with the low dose/concentration of leucine. The leucine effect on muscle mass was associated with expression of genes involved in muscle remodeling. However, under DEXA treatment, leucine supplementation was found to aggravate the diabetogenic state. Lastly, the route of leucine administration was found to significantly influence this variable to this amino acid, where leucine supplemented via gavage demonstrated to be less deleterious than supplemented diluted in the water drink, concomitantly with DEXA treatment
Skupien, Erika Cavalheiro. "Relação entre leptina e marcadores inflamatórios com a força muscular respiratória e periférica, em pacientes com tuberculose ativa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118288.
Background: Muscle weakness is part of the wasting syndrome, which is recognized for long-term as a characteristic of TB. Proinflammatory cytokines are candidates as the initial causative agents of the metabolic changes in TB. The objective of this study is to assess the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients hospitalized with pulmonary TB and relate these findings with leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Maximal voluntary handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. Venous blood was collected from the cubital region for leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α dosage. Results: We included 36 patients. The mean age was 37.9 ± 16.8 years and the majority (69.4%) were male and white (55.6%). Fourteen patients (38.4%) were HIV positive. BMI was ≤ 18.5 kg / m2 in 15 (41.7%) patients. The MEP, MIP and bilateral handgrip strength were reduced in most patients. Women and patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the upper lobes on chest radiography showed higher serum leptin levels. Patients who reported fever and those with positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis had higher serum levels of IL-6. We have also found a positive correlation between BMI and serum leptin levels, and an inverse correlation between age and serum levels of TNF-α. Conclusion: We identified a reduction of peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients with active TB, and demonstrated an association between serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-6 and some clinical and radiological features. There was no association between respiratory and peripheral muscle strength with leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels. Further studies with a larger sample size and a control group are needed to elucidate these findings.
Kalenius, Richard. "Muscular hypertrophic adaptations in high and low load training regimes : Eight weeks training intervention." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4919.
Kursen Projektarbete.
Santana, Luis Felipe Dutra de. "Efeito do treinamento resistido com peso e com elástico sobre mobilidade, capacidade funcional e parâmetros bioquímicos em idosos sarcopênicos e não sarcopênicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153470.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A transição demográfica fez com que a população idosa maior de 60 anos dobrasse na última metade do século passado e continua a aumentar, com isso o número de doenças crônicas e de síndromes metabólicas advindas do aumento do status inflamatório no idoso vem se tornando cada vez mais comum, dentre elas a sarcopenia, perda de músculo esquelético e principalmente de funcionalidade, dificultando assim a realização das atividades básicas da vida diária. Para tanto, estudos tem apontado o treinamento resistido como a melhor intervenção para se reverterem os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento e se prevenir a sarcopenia e a incapacidade funcional. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos do treinamento resistido com peso e com elástico sobre a velocidade de caminhada, equilíbrio, capacidade funcional e parâmetros bioquímicos. Amostra foi composta por idosos sarcopênicos e não-sarcopênicos de ambos os sexos do município de Presidente Prudente, SP. Composição corporal foi analisada por impedância bioelétrica e absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia. Funcionalidade foi analisada por testes de equilíbrio, mobilidade e força de membros inferiores, enquanto a força muscular foi analisada por meio de dinamometria. As variáveis sanguíneas inflamatórias foram Interleucina 6 (IL-6), Fator de Necrose Tumoral-α (TNF- α) e a variável anti-inflamatória Interleucina 10 (IL-10). Programa de treinamento resistido convencional e com resistência elástica foi utilizado para a análise do efeito do treinamento sobre as variáveis de estudo. O programa durou 12 semanas, com frequência semanal de 3 dias não consecutivos. Análise estatística para a comparação dos grupos (paramétrica e não-paramétrica) foi utilizada, juntamente com regressão linear simples e múltipla, para a verificação das correlações das alterações em função do treinamento entre as variáveis bioquímicas e demais. Na análise entre os momentos inicial e final, para cada grupo, os sarcopênicos apresentaram melhoras (p<0,05) nas variáveis massa músculo esquelético (1,5%), massa livre de gordura (1,4%), massa livre de gordura e osso (2,3%), índice de massa muscular (1,5%), força de preensão manual (9,5%), velocidade (18,4%) e TUG (-11,2%), enquanto os não-sarcopênicos apresentaram melhoras (p<0,05) para as variáveis coordenação (-14,5%), apenas. Nesta divisão de grupos, na análise intragrupo, entre os momentos, foram verificadas diferenças (p<0,05) para as variáveis gordura total (0,6%), gordura androide (6,1%), força de preensão manual (8,5%), coordenação (-28,9%), velocidade de caminhada (11,44%) e qualidade muscular (8,9%) para os idosos do grupo com treinamento no elástico. No grupo convencional, as diferenças (p<0,05) foram para as variáveis massa livre de gordura e osso (1,8%), velocidade de caminhada (19,7%) e TUG (-13,5%). Para os idosos não-sarcopênicos que treinaram com resistência elástica, foi verificado que as correlações se mantiveram após o ajuste por sexo e idade para as análise entre TNF-α e percentual de gordura e massa muscular, entre IL-10 e peso, IMC e coordenação, e para a razão TNF-α /IL-10 e massa livre de gordura. O treinamento com resistência elástica, neste estudo, para as condições utilizadas, parecer ser no mínimo uma intervenção válida para evitar os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento, especialmente a redução da força e da massa muscular.
The demographic transition has meant that the elderly population over 60 years of age has doubled in the last half of the last century and continues to increase, so the number of chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes due to the increase of inflammatory status in the elderly has been increasing, among them sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle and mainly of functionality, making it difficult to perform basic activities of daily living. To that end, studies have pointed to resistance training as the best intervention to reverse the deleterious effects of aging and to prevent sarcopenia and functional disability. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of conventional weight and elastic resistance training on gait speed, balance, functional capacity and biochemical parameters. The sample consisted of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic individuals of both sexes from the municipality of Presidente Prudente, SP. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance and dual energy radiological absorciometry. Functionality was analyzed by tests of balance, mobility and lower limb strength, while muscle strength was analyzed by means of handgrip. Inflammatory blood variables were Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory variable Interleukin 10 (IL-10). Conventional resistance training program with elastic resistance was used to analyze the effect of training on the study variables. The program lasted 12 weeks, with a weekly frequency of 3 days. Statistical analysis for the comparison of groups (parametric and non-parametric) was used, together with simple and multiple linear regression, to verify the correlations of the changes as a function of the training between the biochemical variables and the others. In the analysis between the initial and final moments, for each group, the sarcopenics presented improvements (p <0.05) in the variables skeletal muscle mass (1.5%), fat free mass (1.4%), muscle strength index (1.5%), handgrip strength (9.5%), speed (18.4%) and TUG (-11.2%), while the non-sarcopenic individuals showed improvements (p <0.05) for the coordination variables (-14.5%), only. In this group division, in the intragroup analysis, between the moments, differences (p <0.05) were observed for the variables total fat (0.6%), android fat (6.1%), handgrip strength , 5%), coordination (-28.9%), walking velocity (11.44%) and muscle quality (8.9%) for the elderly in the group with non-elastic training. In the conventional group, the differences (p <0.05) were for the variables fat and bone free mass (1.8%), walking speed (19.7%) and TUG (-13.5%). For the non-sarcopenic elderly who trained with elastic resistance, it was verified that the correlations were maintained after adjusting for sex and age for the analysis between TNF-α and percentage of fat and muscle mass, between IL-10 and weight, BMI and coordination, and for the ratio TNF-α / IL-10 and free fat mass. The elastic resistance training, in this study, for the conditions used, seems to be at least a valid intervention to avoid the deleterious effects of aging, especially the reduction of strength and muscle mass.
Santos, Vanessa Ribeiro dos. "Influência da prática de atividade física e dos padrões sedentários sobre a sarcopenia, obesidade sarcopênica, obesidade osteosarcopênica e incapacidade funcional em idosos: coorte de 24 meses." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153280.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução. A sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopênica (OS) são fatores de risco da obesidade osteosarcopênica (OOS), que foi descrita como a coexistência de três condições desfavoráveis da composição corporal (sarcopenia, obesidade e osteopenia/osteoporose), que podem resultar em um quadro mais agravante para redução do desempenho físico, risco de quedas, fraturas, hospitalizações e incapacidade funcional. A ocorrência desses agravos da composição corporal, além do risco para incapacidade funcional podem estar associados a fatores comportamentais modificáveis como, a prática insuficiente de atividade física (AF) e o comportamento sedentário. Objetivo. Analisar, após 24 meses de seguimento, a associação da prática de AF e do comportamento sedentário com sarcopenia, OS, OOS e incapacidade funcional em idosos. Métodos. A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 211 idosos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 60 e 93 anos (72±7 anos), 72% mulheres, residentes no município de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. As variáveis investigadas foram: i) composição corporal pela técnica laboratorial de Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DEXA); ii) força de preensão manual mensurada por dinamômetro digital; iii) nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário (questionário e acelerômetro); iv) desempenho físico (testes físicos); e v) variáveis controle [doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), idade, sexo, etnia, renda e hábito de fumar (autorreferidos)]. Resultados. Verificou-se que idosos que, ao longo do período de seguimento, apresentaram baixa massa muscular (HR: 3,71; IC 95% 1,15-11,96), baixa velocidade de marcha (HR: 4,15; IC 95% 1,38-12,50), bem como excesso de gordura corporal (HR: 3,82; IC 95% 1,18-12,37), e que permaneceram insuficientemente ativos no domínio locomoção apresentaram maior risco de OS. O risco para incapacidade funcional foi maior em idosos com sarcopenia que permaneceram insuficientemente ativos nos domínios exercício físico no lazer (HR: 1,94; IC 95% 1,03-3,63), e locomoção (HR: 2,67; IC 95% 1,46-4,88), bem como para prática de AFH total (HR: 2,25; IC 95% 1,06-4,75). Para aqueles com OS que permaneceram insuficientemente ativos nos três domínios, os valores foram: ocupacional (HR: 2,40; IC 95% 1,15-5,00), exercício físico no lazer (HR: 1,94; IC 95% 1,03-3,65), locomoção (HR: 2,44; IC 95% 1,33-4,47), e para prática de AFH total (HR: 2,60; IC 95% 1,26-5,37). Em idosos com osteopenia/osteoporose foram encontradas as seguintes correlações: bouts >60 min associou-se negativamente com a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) da coluna (β=- 0,03; IC 95% -0,06 a -0,01); breaks no tempo sedentário associou-se positivamente com a força de preensão manual (β=0,06; IC 95% 0,01-0,12). Observou-se que o teste de força preensão manual apresentou melhor sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar a OOS (0,65 e 0,82), respectivamente, e que idosos com baixo desempenho nesse teste tem maior risco de apresentarem OOS (HR: 3,31; IC 95% 1,12-9,72). Foi observada associação inversa entre a prática de AFH total e OOS (RP: 2,56; IC 95% 1,03-6,35). A prática de exercício físico no lazer está inversamente associada ao desempenho físico (β:0,88; IC 95% 0,31-1,46) e a dependência nas AVDS (β:-1,05; IC 95% -1,64; -0,45), bem como a AFH total (β:-1,03; IC 95% -1,93; -0,13) está inversamente associada à dependência nas AVDS em mulheres idosas com OOS. Além disso, mulheres com OS que permaneceram insuficientemente ativas ao longo de todo o período de seguimento nos domínios exercício físico no lazer (HR: 2,28; IC 95% 1,04-4,99), e locomoção (HR: 2,62; IC 95% 1,28-5,36) apresentaram risco para incapacidade funcional. Conclusão. A prática de atividade física no domínio locomoção está inversamente associada à incidência de OS em idosos. Além disso, o risco de incapacidade funcional é maior em idosos com OS insuficientemente ativos em todos os domínios investigados. Padrões sedentários estão associados com a DMO e força muscular em idosos com osteopenia ou osteoporose. A aplicação do teste de força de preensão manual, um teste simples e de baixo custo, pode ser um instrumento alternativo para identificação de OOS em idosos para ser utilizado em serviços de saúde e pesquisas a campo. A prática de AF está inversamente associada à OOS, e mulheres com a presença do agravo insuficientemente ativas nos domínios exercício físico no lazer, e locomoção apresentaram maior risco para incapacidade funcional.
Introduction. Sarcopenia and SO are risk factors for osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), that was described as the coexistence of three unfavorable conditions of body composition (sarcopenia, obesity and osteopenia/osteoporosis), which may result in a more aggravating condition to reduce physical function, risk of falls, fractures, hospitalizations and functional disability. Regular physical activity (PA) attenuates the loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, SO and, consequently, the OSO, as well as functional disability. Objective. To analyze, after 24 months of follow-up, the association of the PA and of the sedentary behavior with sarcopenia, SO, OSO and functional disability in older adults. Methods. The final sample of the study was composed of 211 older adults of both sexes, aged between 60 and 93 years (72±7 years), 72% women, residents of the municipality of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. The variables were: i) body composition by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) ii) handgrip strength measured by digital dynamometer iii) level of PA and sedentary behavior (questionnaire and accelerometer), iv) physical performance tests (physical tests), and v) control variables [chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), age, sex, ethnicity, income and smoking (self-reported)]. Results. It was verified that the older adults, over the follow-up period, presented low muscle mass (HR: 3.71, 95% CI 1.15-11.96), low gait speed (HR: 4.15, 95% CI 1.38-12.50), as well as excess body fat (HR: 3.82, 95% CI 1.18-12.37), and who remained insufficiently active in the locomotion domain had a higher risk for OS. The risk for functional disability was higher in older adults with sarcopenia who remained insufficiently active in the physical exercise (HR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.03-3.63), and locomotion (HR: 2.67, 95% CI 1.46-4.88) domains, as well as for the practice of total HPA (HR: 2.25; 95% CI 1.06- 4.75). For those with OS that remained insufficiently active in the three domains, the values were: occupational (HR: 2.40, 95% CI 1.15-5.00), physical exercise in leisure time (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.03-3.65), locomotion (HR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.33-4.47), and for the practice total HPA (HR: 2.60; 95% CI 1.26-5.37). In the older adults with osteopenia/osteoporosis, the following correlations were found: bouts >60 min negatively associated with spine bone mineral density (BMD) (β=-0.03; 95% CI -0.06 to -0.01); breaks in the sedentary time were positively associated with handgrip strength (β=0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.12). It was observed that the handgrip strength test presented a better sensitivity and specificity to identify OOS (0.65 and 0.82), respectively, and that older adults with poor performance in this test had a higher risk of OOS (HR: 3.31; 95% CI 1.12-9.72). An inverse association was observed between the practice of total HPA and OOS (RP: 2.56; 95% CI 1.03-6.35). The practice of physical exercise in leisure is inversely associated with physical performance (β:0.88, 95% CI 0.31-1.46) and dependence in the ADL (β:-1.05, 95% CI -1, 64; -0.45), as well as total HPA (β:-1.03; 95% CI -1.93; -0.13) is inversely associated with dependence in the ADL in older women with OOS. In addition, older women with OS who remained insufficiently active, over the follow-up period, in the domains physical exercise in leisure (HR: 2.28, 95% CI 1.04-4.99), and locomotion (HR: 2.62; 95% CI 1.28-5.36) presented a risk for functional disability. Conclusion. The practice of physical activity in the locomotion domain is inversely associated with the incidence of OS in the older adults. In addition, the risk of functional disability is greater in older adults with OS insufficiently active in all domains investigated. Sedentary patterns are associated with BMD and muscle strength in the older adults with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The application of the handgrip strength test, a simple and low cost test, may be an alternative instrument for identifying OOS in the older adults to be used in health services and field research. The practice of PA is inversely associated with OOS, and women with the presence this condition and insufficiently active in the domains physical exercise in the leisure, and locomotion presented greater risk for functional disability.
Barcelos, Cintia Aparecida de Oliveira. "A alta frequência do treinamento de força não afeta a magnitude da hipertrofia e os ganhos de força muscular de indivíduos jovens não treinados." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8821.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The training frequency is a resistance training variable (RT) that can be manipulated to maximize strength and muscle mass gains. Evidence suggests that higher volumes provide greater gains in strength and hypertrophy. Thus, it is possible that RT performed at higher frequencies (e.g., 24h) would result in higher training volumes, leading to adaptations when compared to RT performed less frequently. Objective: To compare the effect of different weekly RT frequencies (5x vs. 3x vs. 2x per week), with equalized and unbalanced VTT, on muscle hypertrophy in young men. As a secondary objective, we compared the effects of these different RT frequencies with equalized and unequalized VTT on muscle strength. Methods: The sample consisted of 19 male subjects divided into three protocols: (RT5, RT3 and RT2 x / week). The RT protocol consisted of three series of 80% 1-RM, between 9 and 12 maximal repetitions until the concentric failure. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength (1-RM) were evaluated weekly for a period of 8 weeks. Results: Total equalized volume (RT5 / 4S = 23791 ± 6021, RT3 / 6S = 22531 ± 6087, RT2 / 8 = 20640 ± 3300), there was no significant difference between the protocols (P> 0.05). At the end of 8 weeks of training, the RT5 protocol showed the highest increase (RT5 = 54375 ± 12810 kg, RT3 = 30936 ± 8391 kg, RT2 = 20640 ± 3300 kg, P <0.0001). Regarding the progression of the VTT, there was no difference between the RT5, RT3 and RT2 protocols when equalized (43%, 35% and 34%) and unequalized (57%, 43% and 34%) (P >0.05). All protocols significantly increased the pre-post-training 1-RM values for the equalized VTT (RT5 = 26.00%, RT3 = 31.51%, RT2 = 33.54%) and equalized (RT5 = 43.32%, RT3 = 40.26%, RT2 = 33.53%, main time effect, P <0.0001) There were no significant differences between the protocols in any of the comparisons. In relation to VL CSA, all of them increased from pre- to post-training with equalized VTT (RT5 = 9.85%, RT3 = 10.10%, RT2 = 11.87%, main time effect, P <0.0001) and unbalanced (RT5 = 12.70%, RT3 = 11.75%, RT2 = 11.87%, main time effect, P <0.0001) There were no significant differences between the protocols in both comparisons. Conclusion: A high frequency of resistance training does not affect the magnitude of muscle hypertrophy and the strength gains of untrained young individuals.
A frequência de treino é uma variável do treinamento de força (TF) que pode ser manipulada para maximizar os ganhos de força e massa muscular. Evidências sugerem que maiores volumes proporcionam maiores ganhos de força e hipertrofia. Dessa forma, é possível que o TF realizado em maiores frequências (e.g., 24h) porcione maiores volumes de treino, resultando em adaptações quando comparado ao TF realizado com menor frequência. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito de diferentes frequências semanais de TF (5x vs. 3x vs. 2x por semana), com VTT equalizado e não equalizado, na hipertrofia muscular de homens jovens. Como objetivo secundário, compararmos os efeitos dessas diferentes frequências de TF com VTT equalizado e não equalizado na força muscular. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 19 indivíduos do sexo masculino divididos em três protocolos: (TF5, TF3 e TF2 x/semana). O protocolo de TF foi composto de três séries de 80% 1-RM, entre 9 e 12 repetições máximas até a falha concêntrica. A área de secção transversa (AST) e força muscular (1-RM) foram avaliados semanalmente por um período de 8 semanas. Resultados: Volume total equalizado (TF5/4S =23791 ± 6021; TF3/6S= 22531 ± 6087; TF2/8= 20640 ± 3300), não houve diferença significante entre os protocolos (P > 0,05). Ao final das 8 semanas de treinamento o protocolo TF5 apresentou maior aumento (TF5= 54375 ± 12810 kg; TF3 =30936 ± 8391 kg; TF2= 20640 ± 3300 kg; P < 0,0001). Com relação à progressão do VTT não houve diferença entre os protocolos TF5, TF3 e TF2 quando equalizado (43%, 35% e 34%) e não equalizado (57%, 43% e 34%) (P > 0.05). Todos os protocolos aumentaram significantemente os valores de 1-RM do pré- para o pós-treinamento o VTT equalizado (TF5 = 26,00%, TF3 = 31,51%, TF2 = 33,54%,) e equalizado (TF5 = 43,32%; TF3 = 40,26%, TF2 = 33,53%, efeito principal de tempo, P < 0.0001) Não houveram diferenças significantes entre os protocolos em nenhuma das comparações. Com relação à AST do VL, todos os aumentaram do pré- para o pós-treinamento com o VTT equalizado (TF5 = 9,85%; TF3 = 10,10%; TF2 = 11,87%, efeito principal de tempo, P < 0.0001) e não equalizado (TF5 = 12,70%; TF3 = 11,75%; TF2 = 11,87%; efeito principal de tempo, P < 0.0001) Não houve diferenças significantes entre os protocolos em ambas as comparações. Conclusão: A alta frequência do treinamento de força não afeta a magnitude da hipertrofia muscular e os ganhos de força de indivíduos jovens não treinados.
Rossi, Fabrício Eduardo [UNESP]. "Comportamento da prática habitual de atividade física, ingestão alimentar, composição corporal e perfil metabólico em mulheres pós-menopausa, após programas de treinamentos concorrente e aeróbio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144332.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento da prática habitual de atividade física, ingestão alimentar, perfil metabólico e composição corporal total e segmentar após seis e 12 meses do término de dois programas de treinamento, um aeróbio e outro concorrente, em mulheres pós-menopausa. Métodos: Participaram do estudo mulheres com idade entre 50 a 70 anos, todas na pós-menopausa, da cidade de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil, randomizadas em três grupos: Treinamento Concorrente (aeróbio+força, TC, n=20), Treinamento Aeróbio (TA, n=20) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=20). As avaliações foram realizadas: pré, pós quatro meses de treinamento e após seis e 12 meses do término da intervenção, e retornaram para avaliação: TC (n=15), TA (n=8) e GC (n=8). A composição corporal foi estimada por meio do DEXA, e perfil metabólico (Colesterol total e frações LDL-c e HDL-c, Triacilglicerol e Glicose) foi analisado. Para avaliação da prática habitual de atividade física (AF) foi utilizado acelerômetros triaxial e a ingestão alimentar foi avaliada por meio do registro alimentar de 24 h. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o programa BioEstat, versão 5.0 e a significância estabelecida em 5%. Resultados: Houve redução significante da prática habitual de atividade física leve para o grupo controle pós-intervenção e aumento da ingestão lipídica após seis meses do término dos programas de TA e TC. Houve aumento significante de HDL-c (Pré=54,4±16,1 vs Pós=61,0±17,7 vs Pós 6 meses= 54,9±16,4 vs Pós 12 meses= 56,3±16,1 mg/dl, p<0,05) e massa corporal magra total (Pré=34,4±4,1 vs Pós=35,3±4,3 vs Pós 6 meses= 34,8±4,6 vs Pós 12 meses= 35,3±4,1 kg, p<0,05) e de perna (Pré=11,2 ±1,6 vs Pós=11,5±1,6 vs Pós 6 meses= 11,2±1,6 vs Pós 12 meses= 11,4±1,5 kg; p<0,05) pós-treinamento para o grupo TC, no entanto, a massa magra de perna retornou aos valores iniciais após seis meses do término da intervenção. Conclusão: Nossos resultados salientam a importância da prática regular do exercício físico para a melhora da prática habitual de AF, ingestão alimentar, perfil metabólico e massa corporal magra de mulheres pós-menopausa.
Purpose: To verify the daily habit of physical activity, dietary intake, metabolic profile and total and appendicular body composition at six and 12 months after the end of two training programs, an aerobic and another concurrent training program in postmenopausal women. Methods: The participants of the study were postmenopausal women, aged between 50 to 70 years old from Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil, randomized into three groups: Concurrent training group (aerobic plus strength, CT, n = 20), Aerobic training group (AT, n = 20) and Control group (CG, n = 20). The assessment was performed: pre, post four months of training and after six and 12 months after program end, and the subjects came back for assessment: CT (n=15), AT (n=8) and CG (n=8). The body composition was estimated by DXA, and the metabolic profile (total cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c, triacylglycerol and glucose) was evaluated. For the daily habit of physical activity (PA) assessment, triaxial accelerometers were used and dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour food record. All statistical analysis were performed using BioEstat software, version 5.0 and significance established at 5%. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction on the light physical activity level for CG, and increased lipid intake six months after program end for AT and CT. There was a significant increase in HDL-c (Pre=54.4±16.1 vs Post=61.0±17.7 vs Post 6 months= 54.9±16.4 vs Post 12 months= 56.3±16.1 mg/dl, p<0.05), total lean mass (Pre=34.4±4.1 vs Post=35.3±4.3 vs Post 6 months= 34.8±4.6 vs Post 12 months= 35.3±4.1 kg, p<0.05) and leg lean mass (Pre=11.2 ±1.6 vs Post=11.5±1.6 vs Post 6 months= 11.2±1.6 vs Post 12 meses= 11.4±1.5 kg; p<0.05) for CT group, but leg lean mass returned to baseline values after six months following the end of the program. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of a regular exercise program to improve PA level, dietary intake, metabolic profile and lean mass in postmenopausal women.
Araujo, Ellen Aparecida de. "Respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas pós-exercício: influência da massa muscular, da intensidade relativa e do gasto energético total do exercício." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-21062012-161844/.
A single bout of aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) and increases heart rate (HR) during the recovery period. Many factors, such as exercise intensity, muscle mass and total energy expenditure might influence this response. This study verified post-exercise responses of BP, HR and their mechanisms, evaluating the influence of previous factors. Twenty-four subjects underwent four sessions: control (C); exercise with one leg at 50% of VO2peak (E1); exercise with two legs at 50% of VO2peak (E2); and exercise with two legs and the same workload employed in E1 (E2/1). Systolic, mean, and diastolic BPs (SBP, MBP, DBP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), HR, and cardiac autonomic modulations were measured before and after interventions. After exercise, SBP and CO decreased, while SVR increased in E2. DBP and MBP did not change. HR increased, while SV and the high frequency band of HR variability decreased in E1 and E2 (more in E2). In conclusion: aerobic exercise produced post-exercise hypotension by a decrease in CO, via a decrease in SV. This response is determined by the exercise total energy expenditure. HR is elevated after exercise due to a delay in the restoration of vagal activity to the heart. Exercise intensity and total energy expenditure influence this response. Key-words: aerobic exercise, muscle mass, total energy expenditure, relative intensity, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic modulation
Pagotto, Valéria. "Sarcopenia em idosos: revisão, prevalência, concordância entre métodos diagnósticos e antropometria como proposta de rasatreamento." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3732.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The aim of this study was to review methods and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia available in the literature to estimate the prevalence and concordance between them, in a sample of elderly Goiânia, and propose anthropometry for screening sarcopenia. To review methods we used the recommendations for systematic review and meta-analysis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. For other purposes, we used a subsample of 132 elderly Senior Project/ Goiânia, selected in proportion to the Sanitation Districts of Goiânia. The data were collected by staff previously trained and standardized. Sarcopenia was analyzed by mass and muscle strength. The mass mucular was estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry, and muscle strength through hand grip strength (FPP). Analyses were performed in STATA 12.0, comparison of means and proportions, estimation of prevalence and prevalence ratio, Kappa, calculation of sensitivity and specificity analysis and ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás. In 28 prevalence studies reviewed were found three methods for the diagnosis of sarcopenia: DEXA BIA and anthropometry with significant variations in prevalence as sex and the method adopted. Applying the diagnostic criteria found in the subsample Elderly Project/ Goiânia, the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 60.6% to 8.3% for the criteria of muscle mass and 54.2% to 48.8% for the strength, increasing in age and is more prevalent in men by criteria of muscle mass and women by criteria muscle strength. There was good agreement between two diagnostic criteria using DEXA, and moderate to weak for others. Anthropometric measurements of the circumference of the calf (CP), midlearm circumference (MAMC) and brachial circumference (CB) have been proposed for screenig sarcopenia and all showed good sensitivity and specificity for the cutoff of DEXA, and the CP had the best performance. We conclude that there are different methods and criteria for diagnosis of sarcopenia and its aplicabillity both in elderly sample of Goiânia, as other results in different prevalence rates by sex and age. The only good agreement between the two methods indicates DEXA both the need for an operational definition and the need for early detection. Anthropometric measurements of CP, CMB and CB can be used for tracking and consequent prevention of adverse events in elderly health resulting from sarcopenia
O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar os métodos e critérios diagnósticos de sarcopenia disponíveis na literatura, estimar a prevalência e a concordância entre estes diferentes critérios em amostra de idosos de Goiânia e propor o método antropométrico como rastreamento da sarcopenia. Para revisão de métodos foram utilizadas as recomendações para comunicação de estudos de revisão sistemática e metanálise do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Para os demais objetivos utilizou-se subamostra de 132 idosos do Projeto Idosos/ Goiânia, selecionados de forma proporcional aos Distritos Sanitários de Goiânia. Os dados foram coletados por equipe previamente treinada e padronizada. A sarcopenia foi analisada segundo a massa e força muscular. A massa mucular foi estimada por meio da Absortometria por raio-X de dupla energia (DEXA), bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e antropometria; e a força muscular por meio da Força de Preensão Palmar (FPP). As análises foram realizadas no STATA 12.0, por meio de testes para comparação de médias e proporções, estimativa da prevalência e razão de prevalência, teste Kappa, cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade e análise de Curva Roc (receiver operator characteristic curve). O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Em 28 estudos de prevalência revisados, foram encontrados 3 métodos para diagnóstico de sarcopenia: DEXA, BIA e antropometria, com variações significantes na prevalência conforme o sexo e o método adotado. Aplicando os critérios diagnósticos encontrados na subamostra do Projeto Idosos/ Goiânia, a prevalência de sarcopenia variou de 60,6% a 8,3% para os critérios de massa muscular e de 54,2% a 48,8% para os de força, aumentando nas faixa etária, sendo mais prevalente em homens por critérios de massa muscular e em mulheres por critérios de força muscular. Observou-se boa concordância entre dois critérios diagnósticos utilizando DEXA, e moderada a fraca para os demais. As medidas antropométricas da Circunferência da Panturrilha (CP), Circunferência Muscular do Braço (CMB) e Circunferência Braquial (CB) foram propostas para rastreamento de sarcopenia e todas apresentaram boa sensibilidade e especificidade para os pontos de corte de DEXA, sendo que a CP teve o melhor desempenho. Conclui-se que existem diferentes métodos e critérios para diagnóstico da sarcopenia e a aplicabilidiade deles tanto na amostra de idosos de Goiânia, como em outras resulta em diferentes prevalências conforme sexo e faixa etária. A boa concordância entre apenas dois métodos de avaliação pela DEXA sinaliza tanto a necessidade de uma definição operacional como a necessidade de detecção precoce. As medidas antropométricas da CP, CMB e CB podem ser utilizadas para rastreamento e consequente prevenção de eventos adversos a saúde do idoso decorrente da sarcopenia.
Naveira, Miguel Angelo Moscoso [UNIFESP]. "Fatores associados ao baixo índice de massa muscular no envelhecimento e sua relação com incapacidade funcional em uma coorte de idosos na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41888.
Introdução: O crescimento da população de idosos é um fenômeno mundial e está associado a alterações profundas na composição corporal. O propósito desse estudo foi descrever a magnitude do problema, avaliar os fatores associados e a relação com a capacidade funcional na população estudada. Objetivos: Identificar os principais fatores associados à presença de baixo índice de massa muscular em indivíduos não obesos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, participantes do Projeto EPIDOSO, estimar sua frequência e, avaliar a relação entre baixo índice de massa muscular esquelética e a capacidade funcional e/ou óbito na população em estudo. Metodologia: A população de referência neste estudo foi representada pela população de indivíduos não obesos com idade igual ou acima de 65 anos residentes no bairro Vila Clementino, na cidade de São Paulo. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Projeto EPIDOSO, obtidos nos inquéritos transversais realizados no Centro de Estudos do Envelhecimento da Escola Paulista de Medicina / Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Foram realizados 2 estudos. Estudo 1: Transversal com dados de 563 idosos não obesos pertencentes ao 1º momento do Projeto EPIDOSO no período de 1991-1992. Foram considerados os valores de índice de massa muscular esquelética obtidos através de dados antropométricos e equação preditiva. Foram investigadas as variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, etnia, estado conjugal, escolaridade, nível de atividade física, histórico médico, déficit cognitivo, quedas nos últimos 12 meses e, capacidade funcional. Para a análise empregou-se regressão logística múltipla com modelo hierarquizado com p<0,05 e IC95%. Estudo 2: Longitudinal composto por amostra de 335 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, não obesos e ausência de incapacidade funcional no início da coorte. Foram investigadas as variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, etnia, histórico médico e capacidade funcional. Os valores de índice de massa muscular (IMM) foram obtidos através de dados antropométricos e equação preditiva. A capacidade funcional foi medida por meio de questionário multidimensional estruturado e validado para a população brasileira. Os óbitos ocorridos no período foram investigados com familiares através dos inquéritos domiciliares, em cartórios e registros da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. As estimativas de sobrevida livre de eventos foram calculadas por meio de Curvas de Kaplan-Meier, utilizando o teste de Log-Rank para estabelecer comparações. Utilizou-se modelo múltiplo de riscos proporcionais de Cox para a identificação do efeito independente dos preditores de incapacidade ou óbito com p<0,05 e IC95%. O programa estatístico SPSS 20.0 foi utilizado para todas as análises. Resultados: Estudo 1: 39,4% foram do sexo masculino e 60,6% do sexo feminino. A média etária foi de 74,32 anos (dp=6,17 anos). A frequência de idosos não obesos com baixo índice de massa muscular foi de aproximadamente 14,6%, sendo de 15,8% em homens e, 13,8% em mulheres. Associações significativas com baixo índice de massa muscular foram encontradas no modelo final somente com faixa etária de 75 a 79 anos (ORaj=4,88;IC95%[2,22;10,71]), 80 a 84 anos (ORaj=8,25;IC95%[3,45;19,72]) e 85 anos ou mais (ORaj=7,94;IC95[3,12;10,23]). Estudo 2: O tempo médio encontrado para o aparecimento de incapacidade funcional e/ou óbito foi de 7,1 anos (IC95%=[6,8;7,5]). Na análise bruta, verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas no tempo até ocorrência de incapacidade funcional ou óbito, por faixa etária (p<0,001), hipertensão arterial (p=0,046), diabetes mellitus (p=0,007) e diferença estatística marginal com índice de massa muscular (p=0,105). Os fatores associados a maior risco de ocorrência de incapacidade funcional foram faixa etária 75 a 79 anos (HR=3,31;IC95%[1,88;5,85]), 80 a 84 anos (HR=4,30;IC95%[2,22;8,31]), 85 anos ou mais (HR=8,22; IC95%[3,87;17,47]) ambas com p<0,001 e presença de diabetes mellitus (HR=1,85; IC95%[1,09;3,12]) com p=0,022. Conclusão: No primeiro estudo, idade avançada principalmente acima de 75 anos foi importante fator na regulação da variável índice de massa muscular. No segundo estudo, o avançar da idade e presença de diabetes mellitus aumentou o risco do idoso apresentar incapacidade funcional.
Introduction: The growth of the elderly population is a worldwide phenomenon and is associated with profound changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to describe the magnitude of the problem, to evaluate the associated factors and the relation with functional capacity in the study population. Objectives: To identify the main factors associated with the presence of low muscle mass index in non-obese individuals aged 65 and over, participating in the EPIDOSO Project, to estimate their frequency and to evaluate the relationship between low skeletal muscle mass index and functional capacity and / or death in the study population. Methodology: The reference population in this study was represented by the population of non-obese individuals aged 65 years or older living in the Vila Clementino neighborhood, in the city of São Paulo. Secondary data from the EPIDOSO Project were used in cross-sectional surveys conducted at the Center for the Study of Aging at the Paulista School of Medicine / Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). Two studies were performed. Study 1: Transversal design with data of 563 non-obese elderly individuals belonging to the 1st moment of the EPIDOSO Project in the period 1991-1992. The values of skeletal muscle mass index obtained through anthropometric data and predictive equation were considered. The following variables were investigated: gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, schooling, physical activity level, medical history, cognitive deficit, falls in the last 12 months and functional capacity. For the analysis, multiple logistic regression was used with a hierarchical model with p <0,05 and 95% CI. Study 2: Longitudinal design consisting of a sample of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or over, non-obese and absence of functional disability at the beginning of the cohort. The variables gender, age, ethnicity, medical history and functional capacity were investigated. The values of muscle mass index (MMI) were obtained through anthropometric data and a predictive equation. The functional capacity was measured by means of a multidimensional questionnaire structured and validated for the Brazilian population. The deaths occurred in the period were investigated with relatives through household surveys, in registries and registries of the State System of Data Analysis Foundation. Estimates of event-free survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier Curves, using the Log-Rank test to establish comparisons. A multiple Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent effect of predictors of disability or death at p <0.05 and 95% CI. The statistical program SPSS 20.0 was used for all analyzes. Results: Study 1: 39,4% were male and 60,6% female. The mean age was 74,32 years (SD=6,17 years). The frequency of non-obese elderly with low muscle mass index was approximately 14.6%, being 15.8% in men and 13.8% in women. Significant associations with low muscle mass index were found in the final model only with the age range of 75 to 79 years (ORaj =4,88; 95%CI[2,22; 10,71]), 80 to 84 years (ORaj=8,25; 95%CI[3,45; 19,72]) and 85 years or more (ORaj=7,94; 95%CI[3,12; 10,23]). Study 2: The mean time found for the onset of functional disability and / or death was 7,1 years (95%CI [6,8; 7,5]). In the crude analysis, there were statistically significant differences in the time to occurrence of functional disability or death, by age group (p <0.001), arterial hypertension (p=0,046), diabetes mellitus (p=0,007) and marginal statistical difference muscle mass index (p=0,105). The factors associated with a greater risk of occurrence of functional disability were 75 to 79 years (HR=3,31;95% CI[1,88; 5,85]), 80 to 84 years old (HR=4,30;95%CI[2,22; 8,31]), 85 years or older (HR=8,22;95%CI[3,87;17,47]), both with p<0.001 and presence of diabetes mellitus (HR=1,85;95%CI[1,09; 3,12]) with p=0,022. Conclusion: In the first study, advanced age mainly above 75 years was an important factor in the regulation of the variable muscle mass index. In the second study, advancing age and presence of diabetes mellitus increased the risk of the elderly presenting functional disability.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Barbosa, Aline Rodrigues. "Estado nutricional e sua associação com força muscular, flexibilidade e equilíbrio de idosos residentes no município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-13012015-092555/.
Objective - To evaluate the nutritional status (NS) and its association with handgrip strength (HS), lower limb muscle strength (LMS), flexibility (FLX) and balance (BL) of the elderly of the city of São Paulo. Design - Cross-sectional epidemiological study, in a population and household basis, is part of a multicenter study (the SABE Survey), which was coordinated by the Pan-American Health Organization. Setting - The SABE survey reached 2143 elderly (≥ 60 yrs old), from both genders, from january/2000 to march/2001, who were selected by probabilistic sampling; out of those, 1894 (88.4%) took part in this study. Methods - The elderly were separated by gender and age group (60-69, 70-79 e ≥ 80 yrs old) for the tests, and the NS was evaluated according to the Body Mass Index (BMI): underweight (BMI ≤ 23kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28kg/m2). The LMS and the FLX were measured by timing, the HS by a dynamometer and the BL by four static measurements. The associations were verified through Cox Regression analysis (LMS e FLX) and by chi square (HS e BL). Results - A larger prevalence of obesity was verified in women and of underweight in men. There was an increase in the underweight frequency and a reduction of the obesity level in the oldest age group. There were associations (statistically significant) between FLX and BL and obese women; and HS and underweight (men and women). Conclusions: The nutritional inadequacy was verified in both genders and all age groups. The associations between nutritional status and functional capacity were proved to be specific to each gender, age group and test.
Souza, Jacqueline Danesio de. "Efeito do azeite de oliva extravirgem e da dieta tradicional brasileira sobre parâmetros da sarcopenia em obesos graves: ensaio clínico randomizado e análise de fatores associados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8730.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study is part of a randomized, parallel clinical trial entitled "Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severely obesity (DieTBra Trial)." The original articles seek to investigate sarcopenia in severe obese adults in terms of prevalence, factors associated with its diagnosis and the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil and the traditional Brazilian diet as a dietary intervention. A total of 111 severe obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35.0 kg/m²) participated in the clinical trial, with a follow-up of 12 weeks and three intervention groups: Olive oil = extra virgin olive oil (52 mL/day); DieTBra = traditional Brazilian diet; DieTBra + Olive Oil = DieTBra + extra virgin olive oil (52 mL/day). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MMEA), measured in the total form (kg), adjusted by squared height (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index [IMMEA]) and by BMI (MMEA/BMI), strength of manual (FPM) and BMI adjusted (FPM/BMI), and walking speed. The prevalence calculation considered the cutoff points proposed in the literature and the calculation of -2 standard deviation (SD) of the mean value of the parameters of muscle mass evaluated in the study population. The ANOVA test was applied to evaluate the difference between the means of the parameters of second to the age group. The prevalence according to cutoff points proposed in the literature varied from 2.88% for IMMEA, 6.73% for total MMEA and 62.50% according to MMEA/BMI. When adopting - 2 SD below the mean of the study population, the prevalence was 2.88% for total MMEA and 3.85% for IMMEA and MMEA/BMI. Although no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the means of the parameters according to the age group, prevalence values higher than those previously demonstrated in the age group ≥ 40 years were observed. In the second article, the explanatory variables considered were age, lifestyle, health conditions, food consumption and biochemical tests. Those with p value < 0.20 in simple linear regression were included in multiple linear regression. Among the factors inversely associated with IMMEA are serum levels of tetraiodothyronine (T4) and smoking. MMEA/BMI was inversely associated with age, serum T4 levels and presence of diabetes. MMEA also remained inversely associated with serum T4 levels and diabetes. The reduction of FPM and FPM/BMI were associated with advancing age and presence of hypercholesterolemia. Already the low speed of march was associated with the presence of diabetes and hypothyroidism. The primary endpoint considered in the third article was the IMMEA and the secondary ones were: FPM, gait speed, MMEA/IMC, total MMEA, total body fat and percentage. In the endpoints and covariates analyzed, the delta was also calculated, which is the difference between the value of the end of follow-up and the baseline. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was performed to analyze the effect of covariates delta weight, delta physical activity, delta time of sedentary lifestyle, sex and age, on the outcomes. A significance level of 5% was adopted. After performing the ANCOVA, the covariates of the delta weight adjusted the following outcomes in the DieTBra intervention group: reduction of delta total body fat (p = 0.016), increase in delta walking speed (p = 0.042) and delta FPM (p = 0.044 ). And also for reduction of delta body fat in the DieTBra + Olive oil group (p = 0.004). When adjusted for the delta time of sedentary lifestyle, total body fat presented a significant reduction in the DieTBra + Olive oil group (p = 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia differed as different assessments were used for muscle mass, evidencing the need to standardize the criteria and cutoff points used in its classification. The factors associated with the evaluation parameters, evidenced the importance of the creation of clinical measures and public health aimed at the prevention of sarcopenia. The positive effects of DieTBra and DieTBra + Olive oil on the parameters of sarcopenia and adiposity, reveal the importance of the adequate evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in adults with severe obesity.
O estudo está inserido no ensaio clínico, randomizado e paralelo, intitulado “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severely obesity (DieTBra Trial)”. Os artigos originais buscam investigar a sarcopenia em adultos obesos graves em termos de prevalência, fatores associados ao seu diagnóstico e a efetividade do azeite de oliva extravirgem e da dieta tradicional brasileira como intervenção dietética. Participaram do ensaio clínico 111 obesos graves (índice de massa corporal [IMC] ≥ 35,0 Kg/m²), com seguimento de 12 semanas e três grupos de intervenção: Azeite = azeite de oliva extravirgem (52 mL/dia); DieTBra = dieta tradicional brasileira; DieTBra + Azeite = DieTBra + azeite de oliva extravirgem (52 mL/dia). Foram considerados como parâmetros de avaliação da sarcopenia: massa muscular esquelética apendicular (MMEA), avaliada na forma total (kg), ajustada pela altura ao quadrado (índice de massa muscular esquelética apendicular [IMMEA]) e pelo IMC (MMEA/IMC), força de preensão manual (FPM) máxima e ajustada pelo IMC (FPM/IMC), e velocidade de marcha. O cálculo da prevalência considerou os pontos de corte propostos na literatura e o cálculo de -2 desvio padrão (DP) do valor médio dos parâmetros de massa muscular avaliados na população do estudo. O teste ANOVA foi aplicado para avaliar a diferença entre as médias dos parâmetros de segundo a faixa etária. A prevalência segundo pontos de corte propostos pela literatura variou de 2,88% por IMMEA, 6,73% pela MMEA total e 62,50% segundo MMEA/IMC. Ao adotar - 2 DP abaixo da média da população de estudo, a prevalência foi de 2,88% pela MMEA total e de 3,85% por IMMEA e MMEA/IMC. Embora não tenha sido estabelecida diferença estatística significante (p > 0,05) entre as médias dos parâmetros segundo a faixa etária, foi observado valores de prevalência superiores aos anteriormente demonstrados na faixa etária ≥ 40 anos. No segundo artigo, as variáveis explanatórias consideradas foram idade, estilo de vida, condições de saúde, consumo alimentar e exames bioquímicos. Aquelas com valor p < 0,20 na regressão linear simples foram incluídas na regressão linear múltipla. Dentre os fatores inversamente associados ao IMMEA está níveis séricos de tetraiodotironina (T4) e ser fumante. MMEA/IMC foi inversamente associado a idade, níveis séricos de T4 e presença de diabetes. A MMEA também se manteve inversamente associada a níveis sérico de T4 e diabetes. A redução da FPM e FPM/IMC foram associadas ao avançar da idade e presença de hipercolesterolemia. Já a baixa velocidade de marcha esteve associada com a presença de diabetes e hipotireoidismo. O desfecho primário considerado no terceiro artigo foi o IMMEA e os secundários foram: FPM, velocidade de marcha, MMEA/IMC, MMEA total, gordura corporal total e percentual. Nos desfechos e nas covariáveis analisadas calculou-se também o delta, que é a diferença entre o valor do final do seguimento e a linha de base. Foi realizada análise de covariância (ANCOVA) para analisar o efeito das covariáveis delta peso, delta atividade física, delta tempo de sedentarismo, sexo e idade, sobre os desfechos. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Após realização da ANCOVA, a covariável delta peso ajustou os seguintes desfechos no grupo de intervenção DieTBra: redução do delta gordura corporal total (p = 0,016), aumento do delta velocidade de marcha (p = 0,042) e do delta FPM (p = 0,044). E ainda para redução do delta gordura corporal no grupo DieTBra + Azeite (p = 0,004). Quando ajustada pelo delta tempo de sedentarismo, a gordura corporal total apresentou redução significativa no grupo DieTBra + Azeite (p = 0,001). A prevalência de sarcopenia diferiu à medida que se empregou diferentes avaliações para massa muscular, evidenciando a necessidade de padronização dos critérios e pontos de corte empregados na sua classificação. Os fatores associados aos parâmetros de avaliação, evidenciaram a importância da criação de medidas clínicas e saúde pública direcionadas a prevenção da sarcopenia. Os efeitos positivos da DieTBra e DieTBra + Azeite sobre os parâmetros da sarcopenia e adiposidade, revelam a importância da adequada avaliação, diagnóstico e tratamento da sarcopenia em adultos com obesidade grave.
Cordas, Gisele Sant\'anna. "Papel da leptina na depressão maior em um estudo de base populacional." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/287.
Major depression disorder is associated with elevated risk of numerous metabolic disturbances. Leptin resistance or deficiency have been suggested in mood regulation. Here, we investigate whether leptin levels are associated with current depression in a nested population-based study cross-sectional paired. We evaluate 256 subjects, 128 control and 128 individuals diagnosed with current depression by a structured diagnostic interview Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and were drugnaïve for antidepressive. Individuals were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) in normal weight (≥18.5 and <25.0), overweight (≥25.0 and <29.9) or obese (≥30.0). Higher leptin levels was associated with female sex (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.093), and decreased in physically active subjects (p=0.001). In gender and BMI stratified sample, lower leptin levels were associated with current depression only in normal-weight women related to control group [12.57(5.34-24.94) ng/mL vs 23.35 (11.70-53.58) ng/mL, respectively; p=0.016]. Linear regression analysis reveals that leptin is an independent factor for current depression (β=-0.239; p=0.045) after adjustment for physical activity. Our results shows that current depression in women are associated with reduced levels of serum leptin, in a gender and BMI dependent manner
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Gobbo, Luís Alberto. "Sarcopenia e dependência para relaização das atividades básicas da vida diária de idosos domiciliados no município de São Paulo - Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (2000 e 2006)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-26032012-163220/.
Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by reduced muscle mass (MM) and strength, and it is accompanied by a decline in functional capacity in elderly. Its association with dependence to perform activities of daily living (ADL) has been reported in international literature, however,there is limited information about the theme, in Brazil. Purpose: To estimate the association between sarcopenia and dependence to perform ADL, in elderly domiciled in the city of São Paulo, according to gender. Methodology: Elderly ( 60 anos) of both genders, who were not dependent in 2000, from the SABE Survey, a home-based, longitudinal and epidemiologic study, performed in the city of São Paulo, in 2000 and 2006, were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined by three components: performance in the sit and rise from a chair test (S&R), categorized as low (time 75th percentile according to sex) and normal (<75th percentile); by handgrip strength (HS), categorized as low (strength 25 percentile, according to body mass index and gender) and normal (> 25th percentile); and muscle mass (MM), categorized as low ( 20th percentile, by sex) and normal (> 20th percentile); where diagnosed sarcopenic elderly who had both poor performance and low MM , or normal performance, but low HS and MM. Dependence to perform ADL, referred by the elderly, in 2006, being considered dependents those who answered, positively, for at least, one question related to dependence. Control variables were: sex, age groups (60-74 e 75 anos), ethnicity (caucasian, asian, others), number of referred diseases (1 ou > 1). Results: Of the survivors, 799 presented all data for the study (60.3 per cent women, 85.6 per cent < 75 years old). It was identified as sarcopenic, in 2000, 8.9 per cent of the elderly (men = 8.3 per cent ; women = 9.3 per cent ), and dependents to perform ADL, in 2006, 7 per cent (men = 6.5 per cent ; women = 7.3 per cent ). Those diagnosed with sarcopenia, in 2000, presented an odds ratio 3.13 times higher, for dependence (CI 95 per cent 1.67-5.87), in 2006, adjusted for other variables. According to gender, sarcopenic men presented an odds ratio 4.12 times higher (CI 95 per cent 1.28-13.30), for dependence, in 2006, while sarcopenic women present odds ratio 2.77 times higher (CI 95 per cent 1.23-6.24). Conclusion: Approximately 9 per cent of the elderly in São Paulo were identified as sarcopenic, in 2000. Sarcopenic elderly presented higher chance of dependency to perform ADL in 2006, particularly men
Puig, Vilanova Ester 1987. "Biological mechanisms in respiratory and limb muscle dysfunction in chronic respiratory conditions : influence of disease severity and body composition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318161.
La disfunció muscular esquelètica i la pèrdua de massa muscular són dues manifestacions sistèmiques freqüents en malalties com la Malaltia Pulmonar Obstructiva Crònica (MPOC) i el Càncer de Pulmó (CP). Malgrat que en els malalts amb MPOC, els músculs perifèrics sovint es veuen més greument afectats, els músculs respiratoris també mostren alteracions estructurals i funcionals. La disfunció muscular que pateixen aquests pacients afecta negativament la seva qualitat de vida, no només reduint la seva tolerància a l’exercici físic sinó també a les seves activitats quotidianes. Diferents mecanismes moleculars estan implicats en la etiologia de la disfunció muscular en la MPOC. La nostra hipòtesi és que l’estrès oxidatiu podria ser un desencadenant de l’augment de proteòlisi i disfunció muscular en els músculs perifèrics de pacients amb caquèxia associada a processos respiratoris com ara la MPOC i el CP. Els mecanismes epigenètics podrien estar també implicats en la fisiopatologia de la disfunció muscular en la MPOC.
Vechetti, Júnior Ivan José [UNESP]. "Resposta morfológicas e moleculares do músculo esquelético de ratos idosos submetidos ao treinamento físico após estímulo atrófico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142962.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução: Durante o envelhecimento, a perda de massa muscular (sarcopenia) é inevitável e contribui para a elevada morbidade e mortalidade; assim, evitar a sarcopenia é importante para manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida a longo prazo. Além disso, o treinamento físico tem sido demonstrado ser importante para o controle de massa muscular durante o envelhecimento através da ativação de várias vias incluindo, IGF1-AKT e PGC-1α. Além disso, foi demonstrado que LRP130, um componente do complexo do PGC-1α é importante para a transcrição dependente de vários genes mitocondriais in vivo. Portanto, nós hipotetizamos que o treinamento físico pode melhorar a recuperação muscular, possivelmente através do complexo PGC-1α/LRP130 por inibição do sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma após atrofia induzida por desuso em ratos idosos. Portanto, foi investigado os efeitos do processo de regeneração muscular após curto período de imobilização seguido de 3 ou 7 dias de recuperação utilizando treinamento aeróbio (AT) ou treinamento resistido (TR). Métodos: Após 7 dias de imobilização, os animais foram submetidos ao processo de recuperação muscular com exercício (AT ou RT) ou sem exercício (R) durante 3 ou 7 dias. No final do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo plantar (PL) foi removido para análises morfológicas (avaliação da atividade mATPase, para avaliar a área de secção transversal das fibras musculares (CSA), bem como a frequência dos tipos de fibras específicas), análises bioquímicas (isoformas da cadeia pesada de miosina, MyHC), expressão gênica de 44 marcadores moleculares de massa muscular (RT-qPCR). Para entender melhor a relevância biológica das interações de mRNA, foi realizada uma análise de rede que estão relacionados com o nosso conjunto de genes diferencialmente expressos (plugin GeneMANIA Cytoscape). Os genes diferencialmente expressos foram submetidos à análise...
Background: During aging, loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is inevitable and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality; thus, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is critical for long-term health and quality of life. In addition, physical training has been shown to be important to the control of muscle mass during aging through the activation of several pathways including, IGF1-AKT and PGC-1α. Also, it was demonstrated that LRP130, a component of the PGC-1α complex is important for the PGC-1α- dependent transcription of several mitochondrial genes in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that the physical training could improve the muscle recovery possibly through of the LRP130/PGC-1α complex by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system after disuse-induced atrophy in aged rats. We therefore investigated the effects on muscle recovery after short-term immobilization followed by 3 or 7 days of retraining with aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT). Methods: After 7 days of immobilization, the animals underwent the re-growth process with exercise (AT or RT) or without exercise (R) for 3 or 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the plantaris (PL) muscle was removed for morphological analyses (assessment of mATPase activity, to assess the total muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA), and the frequency of specific fiber types), biochemical analyses (Myosin Heavy Chain, MyHC), gene expression of 44 molecular markers of muscle mass (RT-qPCR). To further understand the biological relevance of the mRNA interactions, we performed a search for additional genes that are related to our differentially expressed gene set (GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin). Differentially expressed genes were submitted to Western blotting analysis. Results: At 7 days after an atrophic stimulus, only PL muscles from animals subjected to AT had recovered their normal CSA patterns. The frequency of fiber types and ...
FAPESP: 11/14484-4
Vechetti, Júnior Ivan José. "Resposta morfológicas e moleculares do músculo esquelético de ratos idosos submetidos ao treinamento físico após estímulo atrófico /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142962.
Coorientador:
Banca:
Resumo: Introdução: Durante o envelhecimento, a perda de massa muscular (sarcopenia) é inevitável e contribui para a elevada morbidade e mortalidade; assim, evitar a sarcopenia é importante para manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida a longo prazo. Além disso, o treinamento físico tem sido demonstrado ser importante para o controle de massa muscular durante o envelhecimento através da ativação de várias vias incluindo, IGF1-AKT e PGC-1α. Além disso, foi demonstrado que LRP130, um componente do complexo do PGC-1α é importante para a transcrição dependente de vários genes mitocondriais in vivo. Portanto, nós hipotetizamos que o treinamento físico pode melhorar a recuperação muscular, possivelmente através do complexo PGC-1α/LRP130 por inibição do sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma após atrofia induzida por desuso em ratos idosos. Portanto, foi investigado os efeitos do processo de regeneração muscular após curto período de imobilização seguido de 3 ou 7 dias de recuperação utilizando treinamento aeróbio (AT) ou treinamento resistido (TR). Métodos: Após 7 dias de imobilização, os animais foram submetidos ao processo de recuperação muscular com exercício (AT ou RT) ou sem exercício (R) durante 3 ou 7 dias. No final do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo plantar (PL) foi removido para análises morfológicas (avaliação da atividade mATPase, para avaliar a área de secção transversal das fibras musculares (CSA), bem como a frequência dos tipos de fibras específicas), análises bioquímicas (isoformas da cadeia pesada de miosina, MyHC), expressão gênica de 44 marcadores moleculares de massa muscular (RT-qPCR). Para entender melhor a relevância biológica das interações de mRNA, foi realizada uma análise de rede que estão relacionados com o nosso conjunto de genes diferencialmente expressos (plugin GeneMANIA Cytoscape). Os genes diferencialmente expressos foram submetidos à análise...
Abstract: Background: During aging, loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is inevitable and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality; thus, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is critical for long-term health and quality of life. In addition, physical training has been shown to be important to the control of muscle mass during aging through the activation of several pathways including, IGF1-AKT and PGC-1α. Also, it was demonstrated that LRP130, a component of the PGC-1α complex is important for the PGC-1α- dependent transcription of several mitochondrial genes in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that the physical training could improve the muscle recovery possibly through of the LRP130/PGC-1α complex by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system after disuse-induced atrophy in aged rats. We therefore investigated the effects on muscle recovery after short-term immobilization followed by 3 or 7 days of retraining with aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT). Methods: After 7 days of immobilization, the animals underwent the re-growth process with exercise (AT or RT) or without exercise (R) for 3 or 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the plantaris (PL) muscle was removed for morphological analyses (assessment of mATPase activity, to assess the total muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA), and the frequency of specific fiber types), biochemical analyses (Myosin Heavy Chain, MyHC), gene expression of 44 molecular markers of muscle mass (RT-qPCR). To further understand the biological relevance of the mRNA interactions, we performed a search for additional genes that are related to our differentially expressed gene set (GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin). Differentially expressed genes were submitted to Western blotting analysis. Results: At 7 days after an atrophic stimulus, only PL muscles from animals subjected to AT had recovered their normal CSA patterns. The frequency of fiber types and ...
Doutor
Thorel, Quentin. "Rôle de l'horloge circadienne dans le maintien de l'homéostasie du muscle squelettique : Implications physiologiques et pathologiques." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS052.pdf.
Skeletal muscle homeostasis is ensured by its remarkable ability to control many of its physiological parameters such as its metabolic function or its mass according to the needs of the organism. Muscle mass regulation is essential for global health since its deregulation not only impacts overall energy metabolism but also other parameters such as locomotion. This tissue has an important capacity to regenerate following injuries caused by intensive exercises or myopathies. Skeletal muscle regeneration requires a well-orchestrated spatio-temporal interaction between satellite cells (SCs) and immune cells, which provides the optimal microenvironment for SC proliferation and differentiation.Circadian rhythms, generated by our biological clock, control various physiological functions such as metabolism and immunity. This ancestral system is present in all organisms allowing them to anticipate and optimize physiological functions to predictable daily changes. The clock integrates signals related to energy state and, in turn, regulates many metabolic pathways gating them to the most relevant time of the day. Concerning immunity, the major role of the clock is to coordinate leucocyte circulation and function allowing the body to anticipate phases of the day with higher risk of infections. In this context, we are interested in the role of the circadian clock in the control of skeletal muscle mass but also in its regenerative capacity. The role of Rev-erbα, a key component of the biological clock, has already been demonstrated in this tissue by our laboratory. Indeed, this nuclear receptor regulates muscle oxidative capacity by controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. My thesis results highlight that Rev-erbα is also essential in the regulation of muscle mass. Specifically, global deletion of Rev-erbα leads to muscle mass decrease associated with increased expression of genes related to muscle atrophy. Interestingly, pharmacological activation of this receptor prevents muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid treatment.During my thesis, I also highlighted the role of the circadian clock in the control of muscle regeneration process. We have shown that environmental and genetic clock disruption lead to defective skeletal muscle regeneration associated with an alteration of immune cells recruitment, mainly myeloid cells. Furthermore, regenerative process defects observed in our myeloid cells-specific genetic clock disruption models bring out the importance of a functional clock in these cells to control skeletal muscle repair. Transcriptomic analyses allowed us to associate this regeneration defect to disturbed expression of chemokines essential in the communication between immune cells and satellite cells, which could elicit myogenesis alteration.In the context of muscle regeneration, we also investigated the role of a newly identified immune population: innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). This innate immune cells are located essentially in mucosal tissues such as lung or intestine where they ensure a sentinel function. We have shown that ILCs, and mainly ILC2, are present in skeletal muscle after injury. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that ILC2 depletion results in impaired regenerative process
Lima, Luciane de Freitas. "Capacidade antioxidante total da dieta e massa muscular em cirróticos: estudo transversal." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7923.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Introdução e Objetivos: Mecanismos oxidantes/antioxidantes se encontram em desequilíbrio nos pacientes cirróticos, e podem contribuir de forma significativa para a deterioração da função hepática. Diversos achados apontam que esses desequilíbrios parecem estar relacionados à sarcopenia e consequentemente relacionado com desfechos clínicos negativos e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd) de cirróticos e sua relação com massa muscular. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico onde os participantes foram selecionados a partir de um ambulatório de hepatologia do Hospital Universitário/UFJF. Foi realizada avaliação dietética por meio do questionário quantitativo de frequência alimentar (QQFA), bem como calculada a CATd em mmol/g, pelo método teórico de FRAP. Dados bioquímicos foram coletados do prontuário (albumina, transaminases, leucócitos, plaquetas e bilirrubinas) e realizou-se avaliação antropométrica (circunferência do braço, área muscular do braço, pregas cutâneas, espessura do músculo adutor do polegar, preensão palmar dominante). Calculou-se a mediana da CATd (10.5 mmol/d) e aplicou-se testes para verificar a relação do consumo de CATd com a parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e de gravidade da doença.. Resultados: Foram avaliados sessenta e dois pacientes cirróticos com média de idade de 59,1 ± 9,9 anos. Em relação à gravidade da doença, 45 (72,6%) apresentaram Child- Pugh A e 17 (27,4%) apresentaram Child-Pugh B. Pacientes que apresentaram maior CATd tiveram maior área muscular do braço (p= 0,027) e maior força de preensão palmar (p= 0,029). Não foi observado significância estatística em nenhuma das variáveis bioquímicas e gravidades através da classificação de Child-Pugh. Conclusões: A CATd associou-se positivamente com a área muscular do braço e com a força de preensão palmar, sugerindo que o baixo consumo de antioxidantes pode estar relacionado ao quadro de sarcopenia em pacientes cirróticos.
Introduction and Objectives: Oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms are found to be imbalanced in cirrhotic patients, and may contribute significantly to deterioration of hepatic function. Several findings indicate that these imbalances seem to be related to sarcopenia and consequently related to negative clinical outcomes and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary total antioxidant capacity of the cirrhotic diet (CATd (dTAC) and its relation with muscle mass. Methods: This is a crosssectional, descriptive and analytical study where participants were selected from a hepatology outpatient clinic at the Hospital Universitário / UFJF. Dietary assessment was carried out using the quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QQFA), as well as the CATd in mmol/g, calculated by the FRAP theoretical method. Biochemical data were collected from the chart (albumin, transaminases, leukocytes, platelets and bilirubins) and anthropometric evaluation (arm circumference, arm muscle area, skin folds, thumb adductor muscle thickness, dominant palmar grip) was performed. The median of the CATd (10.5 mmol / d) was calculated and tests were performed to verify the relationship of CATd consumption with the anthropometric, biochemical and disease severity parameters. No statistical significance was observed in any of the biochemical variables and severities through the Child-Pugh classification Results: Cirrhotic patients who had a higher dietary TAC had higher hand grip strength (HGS; p=0.029) and adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT; p=0.027) compared to those with a lower dietary TAC. There was no association of cirrhosis severity with dietary TAC. The same occurred with lifestyle characteristics, occurrence of comorbidities, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters. Conclusions: The CATd was positively associated with the arm muscle area and the palmar grip strength, suggesting that the low consumption of antioxidants may be related to sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients.
Hacke, Letícia. "Efeito da ingestão proteica sobre massa e função muscular de idosas independentes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/52570.
Coorientadora : Profª Drª. Estela Iraci Rabito
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição. Defesa: Curitiba, 07/07/2017
Inclui referências : f. 86-103
Resumo: O envelhecimento está associado a redução da massa muscular e aumento da gordura intermuscular, fatores estes que colaboram para redução da função muscular (força e desempenho funcional). As proteínas dietéticas são consideradas fatores modificáveis potencialmente importantes para a manutenção do desempenho físico em idosos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da intervenção nutricional com ênfase na ingestão proteica sobre massa e função muscular de idosas independentes. Foi realizado estudo experimental, pareado com delineamento de ensaio clínico, com seguimento de 12 semanas, incluindo 43 idosas independentes da comunidade, com idade acima de 65 anos. As participantes foram alocadas intencionalmente em Grupo Controle (GC, n=20) e Grupo Intervenção Nutricional (GN, n=23). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações antes e após as 12 semanas experimentais: avaliação antropométrica, pico de torque isocinético concêntrico de quadríceps e isquiotibiais, nas velocidades 60º/s e 180º/s; área de secção transversa (AST) e tecido intramuscular não-contrátil (TINC) de quadríceps com ressonância nuclear magnética; força de preensão com dinamômetro manual (FPM); velocidade da marcha (VM) e ingestão proteica, avaliada pelo registro alimentar de três dias. O perfil de atividade humana (PAH) foi aplicado na fase inicial para avaliar o nível de atividade física das participantes. O grupo GN recebeu acompanhamento nutricional com ênfase na ingestão de proteínas alimentares por meio de aconselhamento individual e atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional em grupo uma vez por semana. As diferenças entre os grupos foram analisadas pelo teste t independente ou teste de U Mann Whitney e a diferença intra grupo pelo teste t pareado ou Wilcoxon. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi realizado entre FPM e VM com as seguintes variáveis: PAH; AST; TINC; idade; ingestão de proteína ajustada para o peso (ptn/g/kg); ingestão de energia também ajustado para o peso (p<0,05). Aplicou-se a regressão linear para as correlações moderadas e altas. Foi calculada a Mudança Mínima Detectável (MDC) para FPM; pico de torque; VM; AST; TINC; ingestão de proteína (PTN/g/kg). Após 12 semanas de intervenção o GN apresentou aumento significativo da FPM (p=0,002) e da VM (p=0,036). Também verificou-se incremento da FPM intergrupos (GN, 1,6 ± 2,0Kgf vs GC 0,2 ± 2,3Kgf, p=0,051). Tanto a FPM quanto o pico de torque dos músculos isquiotibiais superaram o MDC. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ingestão proteica (valor antes e depois) e na massa muscular. No entanto, houve correlação moderada e negativa entre TINC e ingestão de proteína ajustada para o peso (ptn/g/kg) (r=-0,517, p=0,020). A ingestão de proteínas ajustada para o peso explicou 23% do TINC (r²=0,231, p=0,032). Ainda, observou-se correlação forte e positiva entre a FPM e AST (r=0,827, p=0,000) e correlação moderada e negativa entre AST e idade (r=-0,520, p=0,009). Houve aumento significativo da ingestão de proteína no desjejum para o GN (valor antes e depois) (p=0,009). A intervenção nutricional associando o aconselhamento individual e educação alimentar e nutricional, com ênfase na ingestão proteica, foi suficiente para aumentar a força muscular e o desempenho funcional em idosas da comunidade. Ainda, a maior ingestão proteica correlacionou-se com menor quantidade de tecido intramuscular não contrátil. Palavras chave: educação nutricional, proteína, força muscular, desempenho funcional, idosas
Abstract: Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass and increased intermuscular fat, those factors contributes to reducing muscle function (strength and functional performance). Dietary proteins are considered potentially important modifiable factors for maintaining physical performance in elderly people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of nutritional intervention with emphasis on the protein intake towards muscle mass and function of independent older women. It was conducted an experimental study, paired with clinical trial outline, with 12-week follow-up, including 43 independent community older women, aged over 65 years. The participants were intentionally allocated in control group (CG, n = 20) and nutritional intervention group (NG, n = 23). The following evaluations were conducted before and after the 12 experimental weeks: anthropometric evaluation, quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic concentric torque peak, at 60o/s and 180o/s speeds; quadriceps cross sectional area (CSA) and non-contractile intramuscular tissue (NCIT) through magnetic nuclear resonance; handgrip force (HF) with manual dynamometer; gait speed (GS) and protein intake, assessed by three days food records. The human activity profile (HAP) was applied initially to assess physical activity level of the participants. The NG Group received individual nutritional follow-ups with emphasis on the intake of proteins from foods and group activities about food and nutritional education activities once a week. The differences between the groups were analyzed by the Independent T test or U Mann Whitney Test, and intra group differences by paired T-Test or Wilcoxon. Spearman's correlation test was conducted between HF and GS with the following variables: HAP, CSA, NCIT, age, protein intake adjusted for weight (PTN/g/kg) and energy intake also adjusted for weight (p < 0.05). It was conducted linear regression for moderate and high correlations. It was calculated the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) for HF, torque peak, GS, CSA, NCIT and protein intake (PTN/g/kg). After 12 weeks of intervention, NG presented a significant increase in HF (p = 0.002) and of the GS (p = 0,036). It was also found the increase of HF inter groups (NG, 1.6 ± 2,0Kgf vs CG 0.2 ± 2,3Kgf, p=0.051). Both the HF and the peak torque of the hamstrings muscles overcame the MDC. Statistically significant differences were not observed in protein intake (before and after values) and muscle mass. However, there was a moderate negative correlation between NCIT and protein intake when adjusted for weight (PTN/g/kg) (r=-0.517, p=0,020). The protein intake adjusted for weight explained 23% of the NCIT (r²=0,231, p=0,032). It was also observed a strong positive correlation between HF and CSA (r=0,827, p=0.000) and a moderate negative correlation between CSA and age (r=-0.520, p=0.009). There was significant increase of protein intake at breakfast for NG (before and after value) (p=0.009). The nutritional intervention associated with the individual counseling and the food and nutritional education with emphasis on protein intake, was enough to raise the muscle strength and functional performance in the community elderly women. Also a greater protein intake correlated with a small amount of non-contractile intra muscular tissue. Key words: Nutritional education, protein, muscle strength, functional performance, elderly woman
Fernandes, Lenise Castelo Branco Camurça. "Avaliação da massa e força muscular em pacientes no pré e pós-transplante cardíaco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-24112015-095725/.
INTRODUCTION: There are few studies demonstrating that skeletal muscle abnormalities in patients with chronic heart failure persist for months after heart transplantation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate muscle mass, and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients in pre-heart transplantation, and in the early (6 months) and late (1.5 to 3 years) follow-up after heart transplantation. We also aimed to verify the correlation between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients before and after heart transplantation. Finally, we compared the pre-heart transplantation patients\' data with a control group of healthy individuals without heart disease. METHODS: It was a prospective cohort study. We selected all patients on the waiting list for heart transplantation of Messejana\'s Hospital from August 2011 to March 2013. Age, gender, cause of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, period on the waiting list, post-transplantation hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation time, measurements of respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory muscle strength and maximum expiratory muscle strength), peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength), adductor pollicis muscle thickness, the bilateral average of the major psoas muscle cross-sectional area, body mass index and serum creatinine were assessed in all the patients in the study and in control groups. Mass and muscle strength variables were measured using computed tomography, pachymetry, manometry and dynamometry. RESULTS: We found 25 eligible patients and 23 were included. There were 8 deaths in the early follow-up period; by the end of 3-year follow-up there were 11 surviving patients with functioning graft. We selected 23 healthy subjects for the control group, matched for gender, age, weight and height. When we compared the variables mass and muscle strength of the pre heart transplant patients with healthy control subjects were found decreased peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength) (27.0 kg/f vs. 38.2 kg/f), of the psoas muscle\'s cross-section area (1238.9 mm2 vs. 1533.1 mm2), the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (16.5 mm vs. 23.9 mm), maximum inspiratory muscle strength (60.2 cmH2O vs. 94 8 cmH2O) and maximum expiratory muscle strength (75.2 cm H2O vs. 102.17 cmH2O) in patients in the pre heart transplant group. Comparing the pre-heart transplant periods, the early and late heart transplantation follow-up there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) the following variables: peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength) (27.3 kg / f vs. 34.7 kg / f ), the psoas muscle\'s cross-sectional area (1305.4 vs. 1431.3 mm 2 mm 2) the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (15.9 mm vs. 20.2 mm), maximum inspiratory muscle strength (59.5 cmH2O vs. 90.9 cm H2O) and maximum expiratory muscle strength (79.5 cm H2O vs. 101.8 cm H2O) in the 11 surviving patients. At the end of post-heart transplant late follow-up all variables mass and muscle strength reached similar levels to those of the control group, except the adductor pollicis muscle thickness. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that there was sarcopenia in patients in pre-heart transplantation period, since there was a decrease in muscle mass and a decrease in muscle strength of peripheral and respiratory muscles confirming the presence of at least two criteria, a requirement to make the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Heart transplantation has provided increased respiratory muscle strength, increased peripheral muscle strength, increased the adductor pollicis muscle thickness and increased psoas muscle mass
Ruzzarin, Ana Rúbia Camboim. "Efeitos de um programa de resistência na força e massa muscular de idosos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4342.
ACKGROUND: The global population is aging. In the physiological process of aging, weight loss (sarcopenia) and muscle strength in elderly people, is responsible for the reduction of mobility, increased functional disability and physical dependence in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the strength gains and muscle mass in elderly independents in a protocol of resistance, using elastic straps (group 1) and weights and leggings (group 2). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Experimental study with longitudinal design. The study sample consisted of 43 subjects. The application of the whole protocol was performed in the following order: a) initial assessment (anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, socio-demographic, lifestyle, disease, heredity, medications, tests of strength); b) djustment period neuromuscular; c) protocols in order to gain strength resistance; d) final evaluation. The sample was stratified randomly into two groups. Group 1 - elastic straps (n = 21) and group 2 - dumbbells and leggings (n = 22). We adopted a significance level of 5%. Associations between categorical variables and the research group were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact. Quantitative variables at baseline or baseline were compared using the Student t test. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the results of the protocols of resistance in the two periods of investigation (initial and final) between the two groups.RESULTS: Both groups were homogeneous with respect to all variables of interest to the survey at baseline. Significant differences (p <0. 05) between the two moments of the trial for the following variables: diameter of the thigh, waist, skinfolds, fat percentage, percentage of body fat-free mass, weight, body fat-free mass, weight body fat mass, body water test, chair stand and arm strength test. No differences were observed between the results of the two protocols resistência. CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise, performed with traditional elastic straps and weights, proved to be effective in recovery of weight loss and increased muscle strength in elderly independents.
INTRODUÇÃO: A população mundial está envelhecendo. No processo fisiológico do envelhecimento, a perda de massa (sarcopenia) e força muscular nos idosos é responsável pela redução de mobilidade, aumento da incapacidade funcional e dependência física nesta população. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os ganhos de força e massa muscular em idosos independentes em um protocolo de resistência, utilizando cintas elásticas (grupo 1) e pesos e caneleiras (grupo 2). PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental com delineamento longitudinal. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 43 sujeitos. A aplicação do protocolo foi executada na seguinte ordem: a) avaliação inicial (medidas antropométricas, bioimpedância, características sócio-demográficas, hábitos de vida, patologias, hereditariedade, medicações, testes de força); b) período de adaptação neuromuscular; c) protocolos de resistência visando ganho de força; d) avaliação final. A amostra foi estratificada, randomicamente, em dois grupos: grupo 1 – cintas elásticas (n = 21) e grupo 2 – halteres e caneleiras (n = 22). Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. As associações entre as variáveis categóricas e o grupo de pesquisa foram analisadas por meio do Teste de Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. As variáveis quantitativas na condição inicial ou basal foram comparadas por meio do Teste t de Student. A ANOVA com medidas repetidas foi utilizada para comparar os resultados dos protocolos de resistência nos dois momentos da investigação (inicial e final) entre os dois grupos.RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos foram homogêneos com relação às variáveis de interesse da pesquisa na condição basal. Houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre os dois momentos do ensaio para as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro da coxa, cintura, dobras cutâneas, percentagem de gordura, percentagem de massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa de gordura corporal, água corporal, teste de sentar e levantar e teste de força de braço. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os resultados dos dois protocolos de resistência. 8 CONCLUSÃO: Os exercícios de resistência, realizados com cintas elásticas e pesos tradicionais, mostram-se eficazes na recuperação da perda de massa muscular e no aumento da força muscular em idosos independentes.
Gonçalves, Ana Rita Alcântara. "Sequenciação do gene DMD: uma mais-valia no diagnóstico das distrofinopatias." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/797.
A distrofia muscular mais comum é a Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/Becker (DMD/BMD), globalmente designada de distrofinopatia. A DMD é caracterizada por fraqueza muscular detectada aos 3-5 anos, perda de marcha aos 10-12 anos e morte na segunda década de vida por insuficiência respiratória e cardíaca. Contrastando, a BMD, uma forma alélica e menos grave da doença,, com um aparecimento dos sintomas mais tardio e uma progressão mais lenta. Esta patologia é causada por mutações no gene DMD, que codifica a proteína Distrofina. As mutações mais frequentes do gene DMD são as delecções e duplicações de um ou vários exões, correspondendo a 2/3 dos casos, e as restantes mutações pontuais. O diagnóstico molecular de rotina desta patologia utiliza como técnicas o Southern Blot, o PCR multiplex e o multiplex ligation-probe amplification (MLPA), que permitem a detecção das delecções e duplicações nos indivíduos afectados e ainda a definição do estatuto de portadoras nos elementos das suas famílias. O objectivo deste estudo é implementar uma metodologia para pesquisa de mutações pontuais por sequenciação directa genómica do gene DMD, cobrindo as 79 regiões codificantes e as junções intrónicas flaqueadoras. Esta técnica é combinada com a análise do mRNA por RT-PCR obtido a partir de biópsia muscular. A amostra seleccionada para este estudo consistiu em 25 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de distrofinopatia e com diagnóstico molecular negativo para delecções e duplicações. Foram detectadas 22 mutações (88% dos pacientes), incluindo 6 mutações nonsense, 9 mutações de alteração da grelha de leitura (frameshift), 6 mutações de splicing e uma delecção de um codão. Destas alterações, 11 não se encontravam previamente descritas na literatura ou na base de dados específica do locus DMD. Esta abordagem vai permitir uma caracterização molecular precisa e diferencial dos pacientes, permitindo a sua inclusão como possíveis candidatos às terapias genicas actualmente em investigação. Para além disso, e de uma forma mais imediata, permite fornecer um aconselhamento genético e um diagnostico pré-natal mais preciso às suas famílias.
The most common muscular dystrophy is the Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD/BMD), named also as dystrophinopathies. DMD is characterized by progressive muscular wasting the age of 3-5, wheelchair bondage at the age of 10-12 and death in their twenties as a result of respiratory and cardiac insufficiency. By contrast, BMD is a milder allelic form with a later onset and slower progression. This disease is caused by mutations in the DMD gene that encodes for Dystrophin. Deletions and duplications of one or more exons are the most frequent DMD gene defects associated with the disease (about 2/3 DMD/B patients), with more subtle mutations account for the remaining cases. The standard diagnostic approach using Southern blotting, multiplex PCR and multiplex ligation-probe amplification (MLPA), enables the detection of deletions and duplications, as well the ascertainment of carrier status in their families. The goal of this study is to implement a point mutation screening methodology by direct genomic sequencing of the DMD gene, covering all 79 coding regions and flanking intronic junctions. This technique is combined with mRNA analysis by RT-PCR of samples obtained from muscle biopsies. The sample selected for this analysis consisted of 25 patients with compatible clinical features and previously found to be negative for either deletions or duplications. We were able to identify 22 point mutations (88% of patients) that included 6 nonsense, 9 frameshift, 6 splicing mutations and 1 codon deletion. Of these, 11 have not been reported in the literature or in the DMD locus specific database. This approach will lead to a differential and precise molecular characterization of the patients, enabling them to be included as candidates for the gene therapies that are currently running. An immediate benefit from this work relates to accurate genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis to patients families.
Alves, Sérgio Silva. "Adição de glutamina mais ácido glutâmico em dietas para porcas lactantes e ou leitões na creche." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5791.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Aiming at evaluating the effect of glutamine (Gln) + glutamic acid (Glu) in pig diets during lactation and nursery on performance , carcass characteristics, meat quality and intestinal morphology of the duodenum of piglets weaned at 28 days , we used 120 pigs distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1=litter from sows fed with lactation diets with Glu+Gln and piglets fed with nursery diets with Glu+Gln , T2= litter from sows fed with lactation diets with Glu+Gln and piglets fed with nursery diets without Glu+Gln , T3= litter from sows fed with lactation diets without Glu+Gln and piglets fed with nursery diets with Glu+Gln, T4 = litter from sows fed with lactation diets without Glu+Gln and piglets fed with nursery diets without Glu+Gln) and five replications with six piglets per experimental unit. Two pigs were slaughtered at 63 days of age to study the morphometric characteristics of the duodenum, and four at 93 days of age to study the characteristics of meat quality. The compound glutamine+glutamic acid did not affect (P>0.05) weight gain,feed intake and feed conversion of pigs in all evaluated periods, but affected (P<0.0001) villus height , (P=0.005), crypt depth (P<0.0001) and villus/crypt ratio. The compound glutamine+glutamic acid also affected (P=0.002) loin depth of pigs slaughtered at 63 days. In animals slaughtered at 93 days, the inclusion of glutamine+glutamic acid in the diets affected (P=0.021) live weight, (P=0.003) loin eye are and (P<0.0001) piglet meat pH. The inclusion of glutamine+glutamic acid in the diets did not affect (P>0.05) the qualitative characteristics of the meat. We conclude that the addition of glutamine+glutamic acid in the lactation diets associated with the inclusion of such amino acids in the nursery diets promote improvement in duodenal mucosal morphometry , carcass characteristics and organ weights of piglets weaned at 28 days of age.
Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da glutamina (Gln) + ácido glutâmico (Glu), nas dietas para suínos na lactação e na creche sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade de carne e na morfometria intestinal do duodeno, de leitões desmamados aos 28 dias, utilizou-se 120 leitões distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (T1: leitegada procedente de porcas que consumiram dietas de lactação com Gln + Glu e leitões que consumiram dietas de creche com Gln + Glu; T2: leitegada procedente de porcas que consumiram dietas de lactação com Gln + Glu e leitões que consumiram dietas de creche sem Gln + Glu; T3= leitegada procedente de porcas que consumiram dietas de lactação sem Gln + Glu e leitões que consumiram dietas de creche com Gln + Glu; T4: leitegada procedente de porcas que consumiram dietas de lactação sem Gln + Glu e leitões que consumiram dietas de creche com Gln + Glu) e cinco repetições, com seis leitões por unidade experimental. Dois leitões foram abatidos aos 63 dias de idade para estudo das características morfométricas do duodeno e quatro aos 93 dias para estudo das características da qualidade de carne. O composto de glutamina + ácido glutâmico não afetou (P>0,05) o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar dos leitões em nenhum dos períodos avaliados, mas afetou (P<0,0001) a altura de vilosidade, (P=0,005) a profundidade de cripta e (P<0,0001) a relação vilosidade/cripta. O composto glutamina + ácido glutâmico também afetou (P=0,002) a profundidade de lombo dos leitões abatidos aos 63 dias. Nos animais abatidos aos 93 dias, a inclusão de glutamina + ácido glutâmico nas dietas afetou (P=0,021) o peso vivo, (P=0,003) a área de olho de lombo e (P<0,0001) o pH da carne dos leitões. A inclusão de glutamina + ácido glutâmico nas dietas não afetou (P>0,05) as características qualitativas da carne dos leitões. Conclui-se que a adição de glutamina + ácido glutâmico nas dietas de lactação associada a inclusão dos mesmos aminoácidos nas dietas de creche promovem melhoria na morfometria da mucosa duodenal, nas características de carcaça e no peso de orgãos dos Ieitões desmamados aos 28 dias de idade.
Najar, Juan Carlos. "Composición corporal y síntomas de dismorfia muscular en fisicoculturistas competidores y recreativos." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65475.
Pocas investigaciones han examinado la relación entre las medidas antropométricas y la dismorfia muscular. Más aún, la mayoría incluyeron estudiantes universitarios y sólo un estudio incluyó fisicoculturistas. Por lo anterior, el presente analizó la relación de indicadores antropométricos con los síntomas de dismorfia muscular. La muestra incluyó 189 varones de la Ciudad y el Estado de México (84 fisicoculturistas competidores, 53 fisicoculturistas recreativos y 52 sedentarios) de quienes se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y el índice de masa libre de grasa; además contestaron la Escala de Motivación por la Musculatura. Se observó que 44 participantes presentaron síntomas de motivación por la musculatura y 31.0% de fisicoculturistas competidores consumen sustancias para incrementar la masa muscular. El índice de masa libre de grasa fue el principal indicador antropométrico que se asocia con la motivación por la musculatura. Los hallazgos del presente estudio confirman que el índice de masa libre de grasa se relaciona con los síntomas de dismorfia muscular y es un indicador adecuado de la composición corporal, en lugar del IMC.
Masgrau, Aurélie. "Caractérisation du métabolisme protéique musculaire au cours de l'obésité et lors de la perte de poids." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM07.
Obesity - characterized by lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and in peripheral tissues such as liver and skeletal muscles - leads to metabolic dysfunction of these tissues. In the long term, although it is frequently reported an increase in lean mass, obesity is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass. Weight loss has a positive impact on comorbidities associated with obesity. However, when it was induced by dietary restriction, it may be associated with muscle mass loss. The association of physical activity to food restriction may limit muscle mass loss. Metabolically, muscle mass depends essentially on proteins turnover, i.e. protein synthesis and breakdown. Therefore, the aim of the thesis work was to characterize changes in muscle protein metabolism, especially changes in protein synthesis, during obesity development and weight loss induced by a low-fat-diet with or without endurance exercise. The first study has shown that there are two distinct phases in the development of obesity in rats. The first is associated with body weight and muscle mass gains and an increase in myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins synthesis rate (FSR), specifically in glycolytic muscle tibialis anterior, in postabsorptive state. Oxidative muscle soleus was not affected. The second phase is associated with body weight stabilization, reduced muscle mass and a decrease in the mitochondrial proteins FSR in the tibialis anterior. The second study has shown that isocaloric low-fat-diet or the practice of regular endurance exercise do not prevent muscle mass loss induced by obesity, unlike the combination of both treatments. Exercise alone or associated with high-fat diet stimulates the FSR of myofibrillar proteins actin in tibialis anterior muscle, but exercise stimulates the FSR of myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins in the oxidative muscle soleus only when it is associated with lipid restriction. In conclusion, this study has shown firstly that muscle protein synthesis in postabsorptive state and muscle mass are differently affected depending on the stage of obesity development, and, secondly that muscle protein synthesis in postabsorptive state is differently affected depending on muscle typology. On the other hand, exercise has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and protein synthesis, but this "anabolic" effect is limited by the high-fat, high-sucrose diet. To transpose these data in humans, a clinical study that examines the effect of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on muscle protein metabolism has been established and is currently underway
El, Shafey Nelly. "Evaluation de peptides régulateurs positifs de la masse musculaire." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S012.
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. In 1997, lack of myostatin (MSTN) was related to increased muscle mass in mice. Since then, MSTN has been found in other species including humans. Inhibition of this protein offers opportunities in human medicine for many pathological conditions leading to a significant muscle loss: genetic disorders such as muscular dystrophy as well as other diseases like cancer and AIDS. Recently, several anti-MSTN approaches have been developed such as antibodies against MSTN or naturally occurring proteins that bind to and inactivate MSTN. The aim of this research was to identify novel inhibitors of MSTN, especially belonging to the SLRP (Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans) family of proteins. Members of this family, including decorin (DCN) and fragments thereof (murine derived peptide mDCN31-71) can bind to MSTN in a zinc-dependent manner. In this context, smaller peptide sequences of mouse DCN and peptides from other SLRP have been studied for their ability to bind MSTN. First, we created a HEK293T stable cell line expressing the luciferase gene under control of a MSTN-inducible promoter (pCAGA-Luc) so as to screen these compounds in vitro. Here we report that the peptide mDCN48-71 shows the stronger activity anti MSTN in vitro among all the peptides tested (IC50 = 7 µM). Furthermore, other members of the TGF β superfamily: TGF β2, activin A and GDF-11 are not inhibited by the mDCN48-71 peptide - which suggests a specificity of its action. By performing fluorescence anisotropy studies, we proved the direct and zinc dependent interaction between peptide mDCN48-71 and MSTN. Finally, we showed that repeated intramuscular injections of this peptide in the dystrophic mdx mouse model led to a significant increase of the injected tibialis anterior muscle mass (21 %) compared to control muscles
Silva, Giliane Belarmino da. "Desempenho da absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia na estimativa de massa muscular para sua associação com força muscular no diagnóstico de sarcopenia em cirrose hepática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-19062017-101752/.
Introduction. Cirrhosis can lead to muscle mass loss and sarcopenia. Ascites and lower limb edema (LLE) limit the ability to evaluate muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis. Our hypothesis considers that the diagnosis of sarcopenia in cirrhosis can be accomplished with the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (DXA-ASMI), which excludes the abdominal region where ascites is present. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate whether ASMI calculated by DXA (DXA-ASMI) is influenced by ascites and/or LLE, if it is able to identify low muscle mass (LMM), and if it is able, either alone or combined with muscle force, to diagnose sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods. DXA-ASMI (kg/m2) was calculated by summing the lean mass of limbs estimated by DXA divided by the squared height. Muscle strength (kg) was estimated by the nondominant hand grip strength (ND-HGS) measured by dynamometry. DXA-ASMI and muscle strength measurements were obtained from 144 men with cirrhosis and ascites (including 20 patients who underwent paracentesis) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group; matched by age, height, and weight). DXA-ASMI was calculated before and 30 minutes after paracentesis, when performed. Mortality was recorded by the end of the study. To analyze the influence of ascites on DXA, we compared DXA-ASMI values before and after paracentesis in the paracentesis subgroup. To analyze the ability of DXA-ASMI to identify LMM, we compared DXA-ASMI values between the paracentesis subgroup and the control group. To analyze the influence of LLE on DXA, we compared DXA-ASMI values of patients with and without LLE. We analyzed the interaction between DXA-ASMI and ND-HGS with survival, and we calculated their individual and joint capacities to predict mortality in cirrhosis patients. Cutoff points were set as thirds of the DXA-ASMI and ND-HGS values. The survival probability calculated for this cohort of sarcopenia patients was compared to the result with the cutoff point proposed by the EWGSOP (DXA-ASMI< 7.26 kg/m2 + ND-HGS < 30 kg). Results. DXA-ASMI did not differ between before and after paracentesis (-0.01 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.09-0.07; p > 0.050), and there were good CCC (0.99 kg/m2) 95% limits of concordance (-0.33-0.31 kg/m2) between these measurements. Cirrhosis patients had lower DXA-ASMI and ND-HGS values than healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). The average difference of the DXA-ASMI values did not differ between patients with and without LLE (0.30 kg/m², p = 0.068). Patients were tracked for a mean of 32 months (interquartile interval: 17.52-33.96 months). Death due to cirrhosis occurred in 55 patients (38%). We found a significant interaction between DXA-ASMI and ND-HGS (p = 0.028). Combined, these instruments showed good ability to predict mortality (relative hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05). Death occurred more frequently in patients who had a combination of DXA-ASMI <= 7 kg/m² and ND-HGS <= 25 kg than in those with values higher than the cutoff. Predicted frequencies of death with the new cutoff point and the EWGSOP cutoff were 73.70% and 54.80%, respectively. Compared to the EWGSOP cutoff, the new cutoff point for diagnosing sarcopenia identified patients with a higher risk of death. Conclusion. In cirrhotic patients, DXA-ASMI demonstrated good results, independent of the ascites or LLE presence, and successfully identified LMM. The method had good applicability to sarcopenia diagnosis with an important prognostic value in predicting mortality, especially when combined with the ND-HGS measurement
Junior, Paulo Sugihara. "Efeito da suplementação de proteínas além da ingestão habitual associada ao treinamento resistido sobre a massa muscular, força e qualidade muscular em mulheres idosas treinadas." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000213818.
Introduction: Maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity and proper nutrition, can attenuate the reduction of muscular strength and muscle mass (MM), phenomena responsible for much of the decline in functional capacity observed in the elderly. In this sense, the practice of resistance training (RT) has been widely recommended for this population, due to the various benefits provided by this type of exercise, especially, increase of muscular strength and MM and improvement of muscle quality. Additionally, the use of hyperproteic diets may be beneficial for the elderly, both for increased synthesis and decreased protein degradation. Objectives: To analyze the effect of hyperproteic intake associated with resistance training on muscle mass, strength and muscle quality in trained elderly women. Methods: Forty-six physically independent women with daily protein intake less than 1.2 g/kg of body mass/day, after eight weeks of standardized resistance training, were selected for this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: low protein group (LP: n = 23; age = 67.8 ± 4.1 years) and high protein group (HP: n = 23; age = 67.3 ± 4.1 years). Both groups were submitted to ingestion of isocaloric substances, three times a week, before and after resistance training sessions. For the LP group, a carbohydrate (maltodextrin) dose was offered before and after, while the HP group received carbohydrates (maltodextrin) before and protein (whey protein) immediately after each training session, which resulted in a protein intake < 1.2 g/kg of body mass (LP group) or ≥ 1.2 g/kg of body mass (HP group). The resistance training program consisted of eight exercises for the different body segments (upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs) that were performed in three sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) for 12 weeks. One repetition maximal tests (1-RM) were applied in the chest press, knee extension, and preacher curl. The sum of the maximum lifted load (MLL) was used as an indicator of muscular strength. Total MM, fat-free mass and upper (ULLST) and lower limbs lean-soft tissue (LLLST) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The total muscle quality of upper and lower limbs was estimated by the relation between muscular strength indicators and MM, ULLST and LLLST. Results: Although muscular strength increased in both groups (P < 0.05), greater increases were identified in the HP group in knee extension (LP = 52.4 ± 13.0 kg vs. 54.7 ± 12,4 kg; HP = 52.6 ± 10.2 kg vs. 56.2 ± 10.4 kg, P < 0.05) and preacher curl (LP = 22.7 ± 4.1 kg vs. 24.8 ± 4.6 kg, HP = 21.7 ± 3.7 kg vs. 24.7 ± 4.0 kg, P < 0.05) after 12 weeks of intervention. On the other hand, the performance improvement in the chest press (P < 0.05) occurred without differences between groups (LP = 46.0 ± 8.0 kg vs. 47.5 ± 8.4 kg; HP = 43 , 4 ± 9.8 kg vs. 45.6 ± 10.0 kg, P > 0.05). A higher evolution of the total load lifted over 12 weeks of intervention was revealed in the PA group (LP = 121.1 ± 19.7 kg vs.127.0 ± 20.2 kg; HP = 117.6 ± 21.1 kg vs. 126.6 ± 21.7 kg, P < 0.05). Significant increases (P < 0.05) in MM (LP = +0.3 kg vs. HP = +0.7 kg), ULLST (LP = +0.1 kg vs. HP = +0.1 kg) and LLLST (LP = +0.1 kg vs. HP = +0.4 kg) were found in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Similarly, an improvement in total muscle quality (LP = 6.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0; HP = 7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 7.3 ± 1.1), upper limbs muscle quality (LP = 5.5 ± 0.7 vs. 5.9 ± 0.8; HP = 5.3 ± 1.0 vs. 5.8 ± 1.0), and lower limb muscle quality (LP = 4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 4.6 ± 0.8; HP = 4.6 ± 0.9 vs. 4.8 ± 0.8) was revealed, without statistical significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the use of a hyperproteic diet (> 1.2 g/kg of body mass) associated with resistance training seems to be an interesting strategy for increasing muscular strength, whereas this type of training may promote improvement muscle quality, MM, ULLST and LLLST from daily protein intake of more than 0.8 g/kg of body mass in trained elderly women.
Lima, Aline Regina Ruiz [UNESP]. "Efeitos do hormônio do crescimento sobre vias de sinalização intracelular na miopatia associada à insuficiência cardíaca de ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123342.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) crônica é comumente associada a atrofia de músculos esqueléticos, cujos mecanismos responsáveis ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos. O hormônio do crescimento (GH) tem efeitos anabólicos. Entretanto, seus efeitos na preservação da massa muscular em doenças catabólicas ainda não são bem entendidos. O GH estimula o IGF-1 e ativa a via PI3K/Akt inibindo seus efetores atrogina-1 e MuRF-1. Além disso, pode modular a expressão dos fatores de regulação miogênica e das proteínas miostatina e folistatina e a função de células satélites. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da administração do GH sobre o trofismo e vias de sinalização intracelular envolvidas no processo de atrofia de músculos esqueléticos periféricos de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca crônica induzida por estenose aórtica (EAo). Após detecção clínica de IC, o GH foi administrado por 14 dias (grupo EAo-GH). Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles de grupos Sham e EAo sem tratamento. Ecocardiograma foi realizado antes e após o tratamento. O trofismo foi analisado nos músculos esqueléticos sóleo e porção branca do gastrocnêmio. A expressão proteica foi avaliada por Western blot e a ativação de células satélites por imunofluorescência. Análise estatística: ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Student-Newman-Keuls. Antes do tratamento, os grupos EAo apresentaram comportamento semelhante em relação às variáveis ecocardiográficas. O tratamento com GH atenuou a disfunção sistólica. A área seccional das fibras do gastrocnêmio não diferiu entre os grupos e a do sóleo foi menor nos grupos com estenose aórtica que no Sham. No gastrocnêmio, MRF4 e atrogina-1 foram aumentadas nos grupos EAo e EAo-GH. O tratamento com GH atenuou elevação da MyoD e aumentou a visualização das proteínas NCAM e isoforma neonatal da cadeia pesada de miosina. No sóleo, o GH ativou as proteínas ...
Although chronic heart failure is usually associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, physiopathological mechanisms involved in muscle mass loss are not completed established. Growth hormone (GH) has anabolic effects. However, its effects on skeletal muscle preservation during catabolic diseases are not well understood. GH stimulates IGF-1, which activates PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. GH can also modulate myogenic regulatory factors and myostatin and follistatin protein expression as well as satellite cells activation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GH administration on trophicity and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the atrophy process in peripheral skeletal muscles of rats with aortic stenosis (AS)-induced heart failure. After heart failure detection, GH was administered for 14 days (AS-GH group). Results were compared with those from Sham and non-treatment AS groups. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed before and after treatment. Trophicity was analyzed in soleus and white portion of gastrocnemius muscles. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot and satellite cells activation by immunofluorescence. Statistical analyses: ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman- Keuls. Before treatment, AS groups presented similar echocardiographic parameters. GH attenuated systolic dysfunction. Sectional fiber areas of gastrocnemius did not differ between groups; in soleus, they were lower in both AS groups than Sham. In gastrocnemius, MRF4 and atrogin-1 were higher in AS and AS-GH groups. GH treatment attenuated MyoD increase. Immunofluorescence showed that staining with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and antineonatal myosin heavy chain isoform were statistically more intense in AS-GH than AS and Sham. In soleus, GH activated IGF-1 and PI3K proteins. NCAM immunofluorescence was increased in both AS groups. In conclusion, GH treatment attenuates left ...
FAPESP: 10/50084-5
Lima, Aline Regina Ruiz. "Efeitos do hormônio do crescimento sobre vias de sinalização intracelular na miopatia associada à insuficiência cardíaca de ratos /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123342.
Banca: Paula Felippe Martinez
Banca: João Carlos
Banca: Fábio Seiva
Banca: Eros Antônio Almeida
Resumo: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) crônica é comumente associada a atrofia de músculos esqueléticos, cujos mecanismos responsáveis ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos. O hormônio do crescimento (GH) tem efeitos anabólicos. Entretanto, seus efeitos na preservação da massa muscular em doenças catabólicas ainda não são bem entendidos. O GH estimula o IGF-1 e ativa a via PI3K/Akt inibindo seus efetores atrogina-1 e MuRF-1. Além disso, pode modular a expressão dos fatores de regulação miogênica e das proteínas miostatina e folistatina e a função de células satélites. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da administração do GH sobre o trofismo e vias de sinalização intracelular envolvidas no processo de atrofia de músculos esqueléticos periféricos de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca crônica induzida por estenose aórtica (EAo). Após detecção clínica de IC, o GH foi administrado por 14 dias (grupo EAo-GH). Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles de grupos Sham e EAo sem tratamento. Ecocardiograma foi realizado antes e após o tratamento. O trofismo foi analisado nos músculos esqueléticos sóleo e porção branca do gastrocnêmio. A expressão proteica foi avaliada por Western blot e a ativação de células satélites por imunofluorescência. Análise estatística: ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Student-Newman-Keuls. Antes do tratamento, os grupos EAo apresentaram comportamento semelhante em relação às variáveis ecocardiográficas. O tratamento com GH atenuou a disfunção sistólica. A área seccional das fibras do gastrocnêmio não diferiu entre os grupos e a do sóleo foi menor nos grupos com estenose aórtica que no Sham. No gastrocnêmio, MRF4 e atrogina-1 foram aumentadas nos grupos EAo e EAo-GH. O tratamento com GH atenuou elevação da MyoD e aumentou a visualização das proteínas NCAM e isoforma neonatal da cadeia pesada de miosina. No sóleo, o GH ativou as proteínas ...
Abstract: Although chronic heart failure is usually associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, physiopathological mechanisms involved in muscle mass loss are not completed established. Growth hormone (GH) has anabolic effects. However, its effects on skeletal muscle preservation during catabolic diseases are not well understood. GH stimulates IGF-1, which activates PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. GH can also modulate myogenic regulatory factors and myostatin and follistatin protein expression as well as satellite cells activation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GH administration on trophicity and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the atrophy process in peripheral skeletal muscles of rats with aortic stenosis (AS)-induced heart failure. After heart failure detection, GH was administered for 14 days (AS-GH group). Results were compared with those from Sham and non-treatment AS groups. Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed before and after treatment. Trophicity was analyzed in soleus and white portion of gastrocnemius muscles. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot and satellite cells activation by immunofluorescence. Statistical analyses: ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman- Keuls. Before treatment, AS groups presented similar echocardiographic parameters. GH attenuated systolic dysfunction. Sectional fiber areas of gastrocnemius did not differ between groups; in soleus, they were lower in both AS groups than Sham. In gastrocnemius, MRF4 and atrogin-1 were higher in AS and AS-GH groups. GH treatment attenuated MyoD increase. Immunofluorescence showed that staining with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and antineonatal myosin heavy chain isoform were statistically more intense in AS-GH than AS and Sham. In soleus, GH activated IGF-1 and PI3K proteins. NCAM immunofluorescence was increased in both AS groups. In conclusion, GH treatment attenuates left ...
Doutor
Ruzzarin, Ana R?bia Camboim. "Efeitos de um programa de resist?ncia na for?a e massa muscular de idosos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1581.
INTRODU??O: A popula??o mundial est? envelhecendo. No processo fisiol?gico do envelhecimento, a perda de massa (sarcopenia) e for?a muscular nos idosos ? respons?vel pela redu??o de mobilidade, aumento da incapacidade funcional e depend?ncia f?sica nesta popula??o. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os ganhos de for?a e massa muscular em idosos independentes em um protocolo de resist?ncia, utilizando cintas el?sticas (grupo 1) e pesos e caneleiras (grupo 2). PACIENTES E M?TODOS: Estudo experimental com delineamento longitudinal. A amostra do estudo foi constitu?da por 43 sujeitos. A aplica??o do protocolo foi executada na seguinte ordem: a) avalia??o inicial (medidas antropom?tricas, bioimped?ncia, caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas, h?bitos de vida, patologias, hereditariedade, medica??es, testes de for?a); b) per?odo de adapta??o neuromuscular; c) protocolos de resist?ncia visando ganho de for?a; d) avalia??o final. A amostra foi estratificada, randomicamente, em dois grupos: grupo 1 cintas el?sticas (n = 21) e grupo 2 halteres e caneleiras (n = 22). Adotou-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. As associa??es entre as vari?veis categ?ricas e o grupo de pesquisa foram analisadas por meio do Teste de Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. As vari?veis quantitativas na condi??o inicial ou basal foram comparadas por meio do Teste t de Student. A ANOVA com medidas repetidas foi utilizada para comparar os resultados dos protocolos de resist?ncia nos dois momentos da investiga??o (inicial e final) entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos foram homog?neos com rela??o ?s vari?veis de interesse da pesquisa na condi??o basal. Houve diferen?as significativas (p<0,05) entre os dois momentos do ensaio para as seguintes vari?veis: di?metro da coxa, cintura, dobras cut?neas, percentagem de gordura, percentagem de massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa livre de gordura corporal, peso massa de gordura corporal, ?gua corporal, teste de sentar e levantar e teste de for?a de bra?o. N?o foram observadas diferen?as entre os resultados dos dois protocolos de resist?ncia. 8 CONCLUS?O: Os exerc?cios de resist?ncia, realizados com cintas el?sticas e pesos tradicionais, mostram-se eficazes na recupera??o da perda de massa muscular e no aumento da for?a muscular em idosos independentes.
Leite, Leni Everson de Araújo. "Associação entre massa muscular, composição corporal e função física em idosos que praticam atividade física." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3580.
Introduction: The impact of regular and irregular physical activity in body composition, muscle mass and strength of the elderly is still less studied. Objectives: We performed a study comparing the mass muscle and strength and other functional fitness variables between active elderly classified by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) that perform regular physical activity (RPA) and irregular physical activity (IPA).Method: cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of the Geriatric Service of Hospital São Lucas of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil with seventy-five elderly (14 males and 61 females) that practiced regular (RPA=10) or irregular physical activity (IPA=65).Results: The biochemical, anthropometric, muscle mass and strength and mobility were evaluated. The results showed that blood pressure, glucose and lipid profile were similar between groups (p>0. 05). No significant differences were found in the anthropometric, skeletal muscle mass and force variables between two groups (p>0. 05). However, IPA elderly present best performance in TUG test than RPA elderly (p< 0. 08).Conclusion: This result were independent o sex and age of subjects (p=0. 017). Our study showed that physical activity although performed in irregular way help the elderly to maintain a safe biochemical, anthropometric and muscular force parameters, as well as, prevents falls.
Introdução:O impacto da atividade física regular e/ou irregular na composição corporal, massa e força muscular de idosos são ainda pouco estudadas. Objetivo: Foi realizado um estudo comparando força, massa muscular e outras variáveis de função física entre idosos regularmente e irregularmente ativos classificados pelo International Phisical Activity Questionnnaire (IPAQ).Método: estudo transeversal. Este estudo foi realizado no Ambulatório do Serviço de Geriatria do Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Brasil, com 75 idosos (14 homens e 61 mulheres) que praticavam Atividade Física Regular (RAT=10) ou Irregular (IRA=65). Variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas, massa muscular, força e mobilidade foram avaliadas. Resultados: O perfil de pressão arterial, glicose e lipídeos foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p> 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variáveis antropométricas, massa musculoesquelética e força entre os dois grupos (p> 0,05). No entanto, no IAT foi obtido um melhor desempenho no teste TUG que do dos idosos RAT (p< 0,08). Esse resultado foi independente de sexo e idade (p= 0,017).Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou que a Atividade Física, embora realizado de forma irregular pode ajudar os idosos a manter parâmetros seguros de forca, bioquímicos, antropométricos e muscular, bem como, evitar quedas.
Amieva, Garza Debbie. "Manual de rehabilitación y fisioterapia del miembro pelviano en perros (con pérdida de masa muscular)." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65688.
Amieva, Garza Debbie. "MANUAL DE REHABILITACIÓN Y FISIOTERAPIA DEL MIEMBRO PELVIANO EN PERROS (CON PÉRDIDA DE MASA MUSCULAR)." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/66290.
Black, Timothy James. "Purification, Solubilization, and Characterization of Mus Musculus Left Ventricular Collagen by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193444.
Borges, Danilo Lustrino. "Interação funcional entre o sistema colinérgico e adrenérgico na manutenção da massa muscular e da placa motora." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-08092015-202002/.
Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the acute stimulation of 2-adrenergic receptor (2-AR) attenuates the muscle loss induced by motor denervation (DEN) through a cAMP/PKA dependent pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the chronic activation of these receptors are poorly understood. Furthermore, the activation of this signaling pathway is also involved in controlling the stability of nicotinic receptors (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), suggesting that the density of AChR may be under neurohumoral control. Thus, we postulated that besides the protective effects on muscle mass the activation of 2-AR receptors could mediate the stabilization of AChR in the motor plate. To test this hypothesis, mice were submitted to DEN through of the sciatic nerve section, a classical protocol of induction muscle atrophy and destabilization of AChR, and were treated with saline or clenbuterol (CB), a selective 2-agonist for 14 days. DEN decreased the muscle mass and increased the protein content and mRNA expression of genes related to the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and autophagic/lysosomal system (cathepsin L and LC3). DEN also promoted an increase in the turnover of AChR, number of endocytic vesicles and the expression of mRNA for the 1 subunit of AChR. Interestingly, chronic DEN induced down-regulation of atrophy related-genes, and increased the activity of cAMP/PKA pathway independently of CB treatment. In an attempt to elucidate the extracellular signals that produced this adaptive response, it was demonstrated that catecholaminergic neurons travels along the sciatic nerve and its ablation by DEN reduces muscle norepinephrine content. Based on these results, it was postulated the existence of a muscle adrenergic hypersensitivity to circulating catecholamines induced by chronic DEN. CB treatment for 3 days completely abolished the higher expression of atrogenes and this effect was associated with increased Camp content and PKA phosphorylated substrates. Furthermore, CB decreased the DEN-induced hyperexpression of cathepsin L and LC3 mRNA at 7 days. Although CB has not altered the half-life of AChR in innervated and denervated muscles, it produced a total blockage of the increased number of endocytic vesicles containing the AChR in denervated muscles. Consistently, CB increased the incorporation of new AChR and this effect was associated with an increased expression of the 1-subunit AChR mRNA in denervated muscles. This action of CB on AChR turnover appears to be direct, since catecholaminergic neurons are present in the sciatic nerve stimulating 2-AR and cAMP production specifically in the NMJ. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that cholinergic stimulation produced by carbachol (10-4M) decreased the rate of protein synthesis and increased the proteolytic activity of Ca2+-dependent system in rat soleus muscle through activation of nicotinic receptors. This catabolic effect of carbachol was completely blocked by the addition of CB (10-4M) to the incubation medium. These data suggest that chronic stimulation of 2-AR in skeletal muscle induces an anti-catabolic effect by suppressing proteasomal and lysosomal proteolytic systems, probably through the cAMP/PKA signaling. The inhibition of these systems seems to be related to the increased AChR incorporation into NMJ induced by CB treatment. Moreover, the association between noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons in the sciatic nerve, both of which innervate the motor endplates, and the co-localization of AChR and 2-ARat the synapse suggest the existence of a functional interaction between cholinergic and adrenergic systems in the maintenance of muscle mass and motor endplate.
Cláudia, Barbosa Maurício da Fonseca Antonietta. "Limiar eletromiográfico da fadiga muscular em homens com peso normal e com sobrepeso." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5089.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se existe diferença nos padrões dos sinais eletromiográficos durante a fadiga muscular em contração isométrica voluntária durante o teste de preensão manual, em indivíduos com peso normal e com sobrepeso. Foram estudados 42 voluntários do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, saudáveis, não fumantes e não atletas, distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com o índice de massa corporal (IMC): controle (n=16, IMC entre 18,5 e 24,99 Kg/m2), sobrepeso grau 1 SP1 (n=14, IMC entre 25 e 29,99 Kg/m2) e sobrepeso grau 2 SP2 (n=12, IMC entre 30 e 39,99 Kg/m2). Após a determinação da força de contração voluntária máxima (CVM), os indivíduos foram submetidos a teste de preensão manual com cargas de 30% e 50% da CVM e registro simultâneo da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos flexores dos dedos. A partir dos valores de freqüência e amplitude do sinal (RMS), foram obtidos gráficos com a variação destes parâmetros em função do tempo. Os resultados encontrados foram utilizados para análise estatística através do programa Sigma Stat 32, com a aplicação do teste de Análise de Variância, considerando p< 0,05 o limite de significância. O valor RMS máximo e o tempo total foram maiores nos indivíduos do grupo controle para contrações com 30% da CVM. O tempo limiar foi menor nos grupos de sobrepeso para 50% da CVM. A determinação do limiar eletromiográfico da fadiga muscular pode ser melhor evidenciada com 50% da CVM sendo clara a visualização do decréscimo da freqüência média e concomitante elevação no valor da RMS. Estes resultados estão de acordo com os encontrados na literatura com relação aos baixos valores obtidos por indivíduos obesos em testes de esforço físico, sugerindo a tendência de maior hipertrofia de fibras oxidativas nos indivíduos com peso normal