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1
Kukic, Filip, Aleksandar Cvorovic, Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, and Milivoj Dopsaj. "Relations of body voluminosity and indicators of muscularity with physical performance of police employees: pilot study." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 4, no. 111 (2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i111.675.
Анотація:
Background. Activities like running, push-ups and sit-ups may be impacted by a higher body volume and size whether it is due to the amount of fat mass (FM) or skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in physical performance among muscularly developed police employees with higher body mass index (BMI) levels. Methods. Twenty (n = 20) male police employees were divided in 3 groups by BMI but defined by significantly different skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI): muscular (n = 7, BMI < 25 kg/m 2 , SMMI ≥ 13.16 kg/m 2 ), very muscular (n = 7, BMI = 25–27.5 kg/m 2 , SMMI = 13.17–14.10 kg/m 2 ), and highly muscular (n = 6, BMI > 27.5 kg/m 2 , SMMI ≥ 14.10 kg/m 2 ). Body composition components (FM, SMM, percent of fat mass [PFM], percent of skeletal muscle mass [PSMM], SMMI) were assessed by multichannel bioelectrical impedance. The differences in performance of the 50-meter sprint run (RU50), 1-minute push-up (PU), 1-minute sit-up (SU), and 800-meter run (RU800) between BMI groups were statistically tested by a univariate analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results. Highly muscular participants performed fewer SU than muscular (8.14 repetitions, p = .004) and very muscular (6.42 repetitions, p = .021) participants, and run slower on RU800 test (52.57 s, p = .034 and 51.71 s, p = .038, respectively). Conclusion. Physical performance may be negatively impacted in highly muscular police employees once BMI gets above 27.5 kg/m 2 and SMMI above 14.10 kg/m 2 .
2
Pinzón Ríos, Ft, MSc, Iván Darío. "Loss of Muscle Mass Induced by Aging." Revista Ciencias de la Salud 17, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7925.
Анотація:
Introducción: la población mundial envejece rápidamente y comprender los cambios anatomofuncionales del músculo permite implementar acciones eficaces en este grupo etario. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar, por medio de una revisión de literatura científica, los avances actuales de los procesos moleculares relacionados con la pérdida de masa muscular inducida por el envejecimiento. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron las causas moleculares de la pérdida de masa muscular inducida por el envejecimiento, mediante artículos científicos publicados desde 2006 hasta 2016 en las bases Pubmed, Scielo y PEDro, combinando los términos: muscular aging, exercise y physical therapy. Resultados: se determinaron tres apartados: 1) sarcopenia y envejecimiento, 2) vías moleculares de la pérdida de masa muscular inducida por el envejecimiento y 3) envejecimiento, ejercicio y funcionalidad. Conclusión: conocer las bases moleculares de la pérdida de masa muscular inducida por el envejecimiento permite al fisioterapeuta comprender, evaluar e intervenir los mecanismos relacionados para realizar acciones que mejoren la funcionalidad y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.
3
Oka, Nariko, and Harumi Hamasoto. "Nutritional Condition and Muscular Features of Wintering Long-Billed Murrelets in Japan." Condor 103, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.4.874.
Анотація:
Abstract We analyzed the nutritional condition and morphological characteristics of wintering Long-billed Murrelets (Brachyramphus perdix) in Japan. These birds were well nourished with an average body mass of 293 g, composed of a mean total body fat of 40.7 g (14%). The fat deposit was equivalent to an average energy reserve of 2.5 days at the estimated energy consumption of 615 kJ day−1 or 2.1 kJ g−1 day−1. Muscle mass consisted mainly of water (73%) and fat-free dry matter (26%), with small amounts of fat. Uropygial glands consisted of 33% fat and 17% fat-free dry matter, with 48% water. Long-billed Murrelets were characterized by large pectoral (26% of fat-free body mass) and small leg muscles (2% of fat-free body mass). We believe that these muscular traits, which contrast with those of alcids breeding at coastal colonies, reflect specific adaptations to inland nesting and long-distance foraging. Condición Nutricional y Características Musculares durante el Período de Invernada de Brachyramphus perdix en Japón Resumen. Analizamos la condición nutricional y características morfológicas durante el período de invernada de Brachyramphus perdix en Japón. Estas aves se encontraron bien alimentadas con una masa corporal promedio de 293 g, compuesta por una media de grasa corporal total de 40.7 g (14%). El depósito de grasa fue equivalente a una reserva energética promedio de 2.5 dias a una tasa de consumo energético estimada en 615 kJ día−1 o 2.1 kJ g−1 día−1. La masa muscular estuvo representada principalmente por agua (73%) y materia seca libre de grasa (26%), con pequeñas cantidades de grasa. Las glándulas uropigiales presentaron 33% de grasa y 17% de materia seca libre de grasa, con un 48% de agua. B. perdix se caracteriza por tener músculos pectorales grandes (26% de la masa corporal libre de grasa) y pequeños músculos en las piernas (2% de la masa corporal libre de grasa). Creemos que estos rasgos musculares, que contrastan con los de aves de la Familia Alcidae que nidifican en colonias en la costa, reflejan adaptaciones específicas para nidificar tierra adentro y forrajear a larga distancia.
4
TINSLEY, GRANT M., AUSTIN J. GRAYBEAL, M. LANE MOORE, and BRETT S. NICKERSON. "Fat-free Mass Characteristics of Muscular Physique Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, no. 1 (January 2019): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001749.
5
Anchuela, J., L. Gomez-Pellico, M. Ferrer-Blanco, M. Slocker, and R. Rodriguez. "Muscular function and bone mass after knee arthroplasty." International Orthopaedics 25, no. 4 (June 27, 2001): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640100234.
6
Lee, Dongmin, Kyengho Byun, Moon-Hyon Hwang, and Sewon Lee. "Augmentation Index Is Inversely Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Anaerobic Power in Young Male Adults: A Preliminary Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073146.
Анотація:
Arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between arterial stiffness and variables such as skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in older individuals. However, little research has been undertaken on relationships in healthy young adults. This study presents a preliminary research that investigates the association between arterial stiffness and muscular factors in healthy male college students. Twenty-three healthy young males (23.9 ± 0.5 years) participated in the study. The participants visited the laboratory, and variables including body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood parameters, grip strength, and anaerobic power were measured. Measurements of augmentation index (AIx) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were performed to determine arterial stiffness. There were significant positive correlations among skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and anaerobic power in healthy young adult males. AIx was negatively associated with a skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.785, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.500, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.469, p < 0.05), respectively. Likewise, AIx@75 corrected with a heart rate of 75 was negatively associated with skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.738, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.461, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.420, p < 0.05) respectively. However, the baPWV showed no correlation with all muscular factors. Our findings suggest that maintaining high levels of skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power from relatively young age may lower AIx.
7
Macedo, Osmair Gomes de, Maria Filomena Soares Vieira, Carlota Leão da Cunha, and Vasco Miguel Ferreira. "Differences in body composition between affected and nonaffected sides in cerebral palsy football athletes: Preliminary findings (Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los lados afectados y no afectados em atletas de fútbol con parálisis cerebral:." Retos 44 (November 20, 2021): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.89905.
Анотація:
To verify the symmetry of body composition distribution in cerebral palsy (CP) football players with hemiparesis, was carried out a cross-sectional study with17 football-7-a-side players with CP and hemiparesis, level I according to the Gross Motion Function Classification System and as class 7 according to the International Federation of CP Football. The body composition was evaluated, on both affected and nonaffected sides, by anthropometry and bioimpedance. As a result, fat free mass weight, limb girths and limb muscular areas were significantly higher on nonaffected side. In addition, fat mass weight, limb skinfolds and lower limb fat areas were significantly lower on nonaffected side, but the arm fat area are similar on both sides. These findings suggested that physical requirements of training and competitions of 7-a-side-football allows the muscular development in the non-affected side, however, they are not enough for the muscular development in the affected side to reach a similar development to the non-affected side.
Resumen: Para verificar la simetría de la distribución de la composición corporal en jugadores de fútbol con parálisis cerebral (PC) y hemiparesia, se realizó un estudio transversal con 17 jugadores de fútbol 7 con PC y hemiparesia, nivel I según el Gross Motion Function Classification System, y como clase 7 según la International Federation of CP Football. La composición corporal se evaluó, tanto en el lado afectado como en el no afectado, mediante antropometría y bioimpedancia. Como resultado, el peso de la masa libre de grasa, la circunferencia de las extremidades y las áreas musculares de las extremidades fueron significativamente mayores en el lado no afectado. Además, el peso de la masa grasa, los pliegues cutáneos de las extremidades y las áreas de grasa de las extremidades inferiores fueron significativamente menores en el lado no afectado, pero el área de grasa del brazo es similar en ambos lados. Estos resultados sugirieron que los requisitos físicos del entrenamiento y las competiciones de fútbol 7 permiten el desarrollo muscular en el lado no afectado, sin embargo, no son suficientes para que el desarrollo muscular del lado afectado alcance un desarrollo similar al del lado no afectado.
8
Mayer, John M., James L. Nuzzo, Ren Chen, William S. Quillen, Joe L. Verna, Rebecca Miro, and Simon Dagenais. "The Impact of Obesity on Back and Core Muscular Endurance in Firefighters." Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/729283.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between obesity and measures of back and core muscular endurance in firefighters.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in career firefighters without low back pain. Obesity measures included body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage assessed with air displacement plethysmography. Muscular endurance was assessed with the Modified Biering Sorensen (back) and Plank (core) tests. Relationships were explored usingt-tests and regression analyses.Results. Of the 83 participants enrolled, 24 (29%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Back and core muscular endurance was 27% lower for obese participants. Significant negative correlations were observed for BMI and body fat percentage with back and core endurance (r= −0.42 to −0.52). Stepwise regression models including one obesity measure (BMI, body fat percentage, and fat mass/fat-free mass), along with age and self-reported physical exercise, accounted for 17–19% of the variance in back muscular endurance and 29–37% of the variance in core muscular endurance.Conclusions. Obesity is associated with reduced back and core muscular endurance in firefighters, which may increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Obesity should be considered along with back and core muscular endurance when designing exercise programs for back pain prevention in firefighters.
9
Robin, Nathaniel H. "Congenital Muscular Torticollis." Pediatrics In Review 17, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17.10.374.
Анотація:
Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) refers to unilateral contracture of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle that restricts the infant's range of motion at the neck, with the head tilted toward the shortened SCM and the chin rotated to point away from the affected side. Although a mass often is palpable in the inferior part of the affected SCM, in many cases this is not appreciated in the immediate newborn period; the condition may be recognized only as the infant develops better head control over the first few weeks of life, making the head tilt more obvious. Potential complications of CMT include facial asymmetry and plagiocephaly from the uneven tension produced by the contracted SCM as well as cervical scoliosis, with a compensatory thoracic scoliosis.
10
Vera, Kathryn, Mary McConville, Michael Kyba, and Manda Keller-Ross. "Resting metabolic rate in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 46, no. 9 (September 2021): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-1119.
Анотація:
This study aimed to determine whether resting metabolic rate (RMR) is altered in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Eleven people with FSHD (51 ± 12yrs, 2 females) and 11 controls (48 ± 14 yrs, 2 females) completed 1 visit, including 30-minutes of indirect calorimetry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. RMR was calculated from resting oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production; regional/whole-body fat mass and lean mass were collected from the DXA scan. Absolute RMR was 15% lower in FSHD (p = 0.04); when normalized to regional/local lean mass, no differences in RMR were observed (p > 0.05). Absolute RMR was correlated with total lean mass for all participants combined (p < 0.01, r = 0.70, males only: p < 0.01, r = 0.81) and when analyzed separately (FSHD males: p = 0.001, r = 0.92 and control males: p = 0.004, r = 0.85). Whole-body lean mass was 16% lower in FSHD and leg, arm and appendicular lean mass were lower in FSHD (p < 0.05 for all), though trunk lean mass was not (p = 0.15). Whole-body fat mass was 45% higher in FSHD, with greater leg fat mass (p = 0.01), but not trunk or arm fat mass (p > 0.05 for both). When RMR was expressed relative to lean body mass, no differences in RMR were found, indicating that the lower levels of lean mass observed in FSHD patients likely contribute to the lower absolute RMR values. Novelty: RMR is lower among people with FSHD, as compared with controls. The reduced RMR among people with FSHD is due to disease-related loss in muscle mass and likely related to lower physical activity and/or exercise levels.
11
Lau, K. K., F. M. Lam, S. L. Fung, and C. F. Wong. "A middle-aged man with a painful muscular mass." QJM 106, no. 3 (April 23, 2012): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcs074.
12
Habibzadeh, Nasim. "Dose Body Mass Index (BMI) Fit to Muscular Individual?" International Physiology Journal 1, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-18-2532.
Анотація:
Body mass index (BMI) seemingly is an important scale for the body types determination in individual with different ethnicity. Accordingly, individual with BMI< 18.5 are classified as slim or underweight and people with BMI between 18.5 -24.9 are called normal body types. Subsequently, those individual with BMI between 25-29.9 are categorized as overweight and people with BMI > 30 are classified as obese people. Nonetheless, important question is where the muscular individual are located in this BMI scale ? Macular induvial also called overweight or obese in BMI scale which can create kind of confusion for induvial because the might try to lose weight whilst they do not actually need it. Thus ,it seems BMI measure is not sensible measure for muscular induvial as otherwise the can be at risk of health problems in various ways. Uses of the another apparatus such an ordinary weight scale or computational devices which could estimate the body type according to the BMI more accurately can be helpful.
13
Graham, Joshua D. "Association between Segmental Lean Body Mass and Muscular Strength." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000535631.33386.77.
14
Sarisoy, Hasan Tahsin, Kaya Memisoglu, Gulden Sonmez Tamer, and Ahmet Yilmaz Sarlak. "Primary hydatid disease in adductor muscles." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i5.4877.
Анотація:
Primary muscular Echinococcus infection is very rare without involvement of thoracic and abdominal organs. In this case a 31-year-old man who had a growing mass in the postero-medial part of his right thigh was examined. The mass was diagnosed as hydatid cyst using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serological tests. It was removed surgically and there has been no recurrence one year after the surgery. The MRI imaging characteristics may differ depending on the life cycle stage of the parasite. In this case report, we discuss the imaging characteristics of the muscular hydatid cyst with special emphasis on the MRI findings. In regions where hydatidosis is endemic, a mass found in body muscles should be considered as a muscular hydatid cyst.
15
Thuilliez, Céline, Dorothée Watrelot-Virieux, Franck Chanut, Corinne Fournel-Fleury, Frédérique Ponce, and Thierry Marchal. "Presumed Primary Muscular Lymphoma in a Dog." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, no. 6 (November 2008): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000621.
Анотація:
A case of presumed primary muscular lymphoma in an 8-year-old, intact, male Newfoundland dog is reported. The dog was presented for evaluation of an infiltrating ventral cervical mass, respiratory distress, and anorexia of 1-month duration. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Despite chemotherapy, health status declined and the animal was euthanized a few weeks later. At necropsy, the mass infiltrated the cervical muscles and extended ventrally to the left forelimb and cranially to the tongue and laryngeal musculature. Other muscles were infiltrated by the same neoplasm (diaphragm and intercostal, abdominal, and gluteal muscles) indicating a probable multicentric origin. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, which showed a strong muscular tropism. Immunohistochemical staining revealed neoplastic cell reactivity for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and Ki-67 antigens (70% and 90%, respectively). The neoplastic cells were negative for CD79a. The presumed histological diagnosis in this dog was primary muscular anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma.
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Enriquez-Reyna, María Cristina, Daniel Carranza Bautista, and Ricardo Navarro Orocio. "Nivel de actividad física, masa y fuerza muscular de mujeres mayores de la comunidad: Diferencias por grupo etario (Physical activity level, muscle mass and strength of community elderly women: Differences by age group)." Retos, no. 35 (September 26, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.59956.
Анотація:
Resumen. Se propuso describir las diferencias por grupo etario del nivel de actividad física, la cantidad de masa y fuerza muscular de mujeres mayores de la comunidad. Esto fue un estudio descriptivo-comparativo de 415 mujeres mayores que acuden a un club público de adultos mayores del área urbana. Se aplicaron el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para Adultos Mayores, análisis de bioimpedancia eléctrica y la Batería Corta de Desempeño Físico. Se presentan descripciones con promedios y percentiles por grupo etario. Se estimó que más de la mitad de las participantes reportó un nivel de actividad física bajo (62%). Una fuerza de prensión manual baja en 37.5% y 43.6% velocidad de marcha de riesgo (menor a 1 m/s). En esta muestra, el nivel de actividad física mostró variabilidad en su asociación con la masa muscular, y la fuerza de miembros superiores e inferiores. Con el avance de la edad, la masa y fuerza musculares disminuyeron paulatinamente (p < .01).Abstract. The aim was to describe age-group related differences in physical activity levels, the amount of muscle mass and strength in elderly. of 415 elderly women from an urban public seniors’ club participated in this study with a descriptive-comparative character. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, an electrical bioimpedance analysis, and the Short Physical Performance Battery were applied. Descriptions are presented as means and percentiles by age group. As the results demonstrate, more than half of the participants reported a low level of physical activity (62%). Furthermore, a low manual grip strength 37.5% and 43.6% a gait speed risk (less than 1 m/s) were found respectively. In this sample, the level of physical activity showed variability in its association with muscle mass, and upper and lower limb strength. With advancing age, muscle mass and strength gradually decreased (p <.01).
17
Buckner, Jason L., Sasigarn A. Bowden, and John D. Mahan. "Optimizing Bone Health in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/928385.
Анотація:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with eventual loss of ambulation and premature death. The approved therapy with corticosteroids improves muscle strength, prolongs ambulation, and maintains pulmonary function. However, the osteoporotic impact of chronic corticosteroid use further impairs the underlying reduced bone mass seen in DMD, leading to increased fragility fractures of long bones and vertebrae. These serious sequelae adversely affect quality of life and can impact survival. The current clinical issues relating to bone health and bone health screening methods in DMD are presented in this review. Diagnostic studies, including biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as well as spinal imaging using densitometric lateral spinal imaging, and treatment to optimize bone health in patients with DMD are discussed. Treatment with bisphosphonates offers a method to increase bone mass in these children; oral and intravenous bisphosphonates have been used successfully although treatment is typically reserved for children with fractures and/or bone pain with low bone mass by DXA.
18
Hale, S. A. "Analysis of the swing phase dynamics and muscular effort of the above-knee amputee for varying prosthetic shank loads." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 14, no. 3 (December 1990): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649009080338.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varying prosthetic shank mass, while maintaining the mass centre location and moment of inertia, on the swing phase kinematics, kinetics and hip muscular effort of free speed above-knee (AK) amputee gait. Six AK amputees, wearing similar prosthetic designs, had three load conditions applied to their prosthetic shank: 1) Load 0-unloaded (X − 39.1% sound shank mass), 2) Load 1–75%, and 3) Load 2–100% sound leg mass. Despite increases in shank mass from 1.33 to 3.37 kg the AK amputee was able to maintain a consistent swing time and walking speed. As load increased, there were significant changes in the maximum knee and hip displacements, as well as phasic shifting. The prosthetic knee Resultant Joint Moment (RJM) was negligible while the shank was accelerating (periods 1 and 2), but was a major contributor during shank deceleration (periods 3 and 4). During periods 1 and 2 the principle contributors to the shank acceleration (forces resisting excessive knee flexion) were the gravitational moment (S-G) and the moment due to thigh angular acceleration (S-AT). During the periods of shank acceleration (sections 1 and 2), there was not a significant increase in the hip muscular effort. However, during sections 3 and4, the periods associated with shank deceleration, there were siginficant increases in the hip muscular effort. The hip muscular effort for the complete swing phase increased as load increased by 36.7% and 71.3% for loads 1 and 2. Despite the significant increases in hip muscular effort, four of the six subjects preferred load 1 condition.
19
Lim, ZiYi, Sunil Gupta, Jonathan R. Salisbury, David Elias, Nawaneetha K. Venkatram, Ghulam J. Mufti, and Antonio Pagliuca. "T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting as an intra-muscular mass." British Journal of Haematology 132, no. 5 (March 2006): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05901.x.
20
Fujimaki, Shin, Tomohiro Matsumoto, Masashi Muramatsu, Hiroshi Nagahisa, Naoki Horii, Daiki Seko, Shinya Masuda, et al. "The endothelial Dll4–muscular Notch2 axis regulates skeletal muscle mass." Nature Metabolism 4, no. 2 (February 2022): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00533-9.
21
Fonseca, Rômulo Maia Carlos, Nanci Maria de França, and Emmanuel Van Praagh. "Relationship between Indicators of Fitness and Bone Density in Adolescent Brazilian Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 20, no. 1 (February 2008): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.20.1.40.
Анотація:
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between health-related physical fitness and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents. One hundred forty-four adolescents (65 boys and 79 girls) between 15 and 18 years of age were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Subjects were evaluated in aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility, body composition, and maturation. BMD of the lumbar spine, total body, and proximal femur were measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptionmeter. Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used (p < .05). Lean body mass (LBM) and abdominal muscular fitness explained 35–40% of proximal femur BMD in whole group and boys’ total body BMD (43%); however, VO2max and LBM predicted girls’ total body BMD (23%). Lumbar spine BMD was predicted only by LBM for both genders (18% boys, 15% girls). In summary, lean body mass is the main predictor of bone mass during the end of adolescence, regardless of gender, whereas muscular fitness contributes more to bone mass among males than among females.
22
Chulvi-Medrano, Iván, Manuel Pombo, Miguel Ángel Saavedra-García, Tamara Rial Rebullido, and Avery D. Faigenbaum. "A 47-Year Comparison of Lower Body Muscular Power in Spanish Boys: A Short Report." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5030064.
Анотація:
Much of the evidence examining temporal trends in fitness among youth has found a decrease in measures of muscular strength and muscular power over recent decades. The aim of this study was to examine trends in lower body muscular power in Spanish boys over 47 years. In 1969 140 boys (10–11 years; body mass index = 19.24, SD = 2.91 kg/m2) and in 2016, 113 boys (10–11 years; body mass index = 19.20, SD = 3.15 kg/m2) were recruited. Lower body power was assessed using the vertical jump (VJ) and standing long jump (SLJ) tests. Significant differences and a large effect size were shown between groups in the SLJ (p = 0.001; d = 0.94) and the VJ (p = 0.001; d = 0.66). SLJ data in 1969 were higher (1.52 m, SD = 0.19) when compared to the 2016 data (1.34 m, SD = 0.18). The VJ performance of the 1969 sample was also higher (25.95 cm; SD = 6.58) than the 2016 sample (21.56 cm; SD = 4.72). SLJ and VJ performance of the 2016 group decreased 11.8% and 16.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in body mass index. The results indicate a secular decline in lower body muscular power in 10–11-year-old Spanish boys with no significant changes in body mass index over the 47-year study period.
23
Chilibeck, Philip D., Charlene Magnus, and Matthew Anderson. "Effect of in-season creatine supplementation on body composition and performance in rugby union football players." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 6 (December 2007): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-072.
Анотація:
Rugby union football requires muscular strength and endurance, as well as aerobic endurance. Creatine supplementation may enhance muscular performance, but it is unclear if it would interfere with aerobic endurance during running because of increased body mass. The purpose of this study was to determine if creatine supplementation during 8 weeks of a season of rugby union football can increase muscular performance, without negatively affecting aerobic endurance. Rugby union football players were randomized to receive 0.1 g·kg–1·d–1 creatine monohydrate (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9) during 8 weeks of the rugby season. Players practiced twice per week for approximately 2 h per session and played one 80 min game per week. Before and after the 8 weeks, players were measured for body composition (air displacement plethysmography), muscular endurance (number of repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) for bench press and leg press), and aerobic endurance (Leger shuttle-run test with 1 min stages of progressively increasing speed). There were time main effects for body mass (–0.7 ± 0.4 kg; p = 0.05), fat mass (–1.9 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05), and a trend for an increase in lean tissue mass (+1.2 ± 0.5 kg; p = 0.07), with no differences between groups. The group receiving creatine supplementation had a greater increase in the number of repetitions for combined bench press and leg press tests compared with the placebo group (+5.8 ± 1.4 vs. +0.9 ± 2.0 repetitions; p < 0.05). There were no changes in either group for aerobic endurance. Creatine supplementation during a rugby union football season is effective for increasing muscular endurance, but has no effect on body composition or aerobic endurance.
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El Ghoch, Marwan, Paola Vittoria Bazzani, Simona Calugi, and Riccardo Dalle Grave. "Weight-Loss Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation in a Patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Obesity." Case Reports in Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4058429.
Анотація:
Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic neuromuscular disease characterised by muscle atrophy, hypotonia, weakness, and progressive paralysis. Usually, these patients display increased fat mass deposition and reductions in fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure—an unfavourable condition that facilitates the development of obesity. However, weight management of these patients remains poorly described. Hence, the aim of this case report was to describe the clinical presentation and weight management of a 31-year-old male patient with spinal muscular atrophy type III, class I obesity, and metabolic syndrome treated for 1 year by means of a personalised multistep cognitive-behavioural treatment for obesity. The treatment produced a weight loss of 7.2 kg (7.1%), which was associated with a marked improvement in both the patient’s self-reported general conditions and obesity-related cardiometabolic profile, and no adverse effects in terms of spinal muscular atrophy (i.e., reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure).
25
Kung, Ya-Tzu, Chia-Ming Chang, Fang-Ming Hwang, and Shyh-Ching Chi. "The Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness of Normal Weight/Overweight/Obese University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 5391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155391.
Анотація:
This study aimed to apply longitudinal data (in four waves) to examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), flexibility, muscular endurance, and explosive power, and employed a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) to divide the variations of different waves into between- and within-person variations. Furthermore, a multi-group model test was conducted to explore whether an interaction effect existed between sex and these relationships. The data were collected from a university in Taiwan between August 2009 and July 2010, and 3863 freshman and junior students were recruited. Results showed that the between- and within-person relationships between BMI and explosive power, and between BMI and muscular endurance, were negative (independent of sex). The negative between- and within-person associations between BMI and muscular endurance were both invariant with respect to sex. The negative between-person associations between BMI and explosive power were not equivalent for both sexes, yet the within-person associations between BMI and explosive power were equivalent for both sexes. The between-person associations between BMI and flexibility were positive for both sexes, but the within-person associations of these two variables were negative for both sexes. The invariance test confirmed that the positive associations of between-person BMI and between-person flexibility were invariant for both sexes, yet the negative associations of within-person BMI and within-person flexibility were not equivalent for both sexes. Between-and within-person correlations among explosive power, muscular endurance, and flexibility were significantly positive. Only the auto-regressions of BMI and muscular endurance were significant and equivalent for both sexes.
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Oliveira Luz, Leonardo Gomes de, Tatiana Durão D`Ávila Luz, João Valente-dos-Santos, João Pedro Duarte, André Filipe Teixeira e. Seabra, Cristina Padez, and Manuel João Coelho e. Silva. "BIOLOGICAL MATURATION AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN PREPUBESCENT GIRLS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 3 (May 2018): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182403180114.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological maturation has been related to the level of physical activity and motor competence of children. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) analyze the association between biological maturation and performance in muscular strength tests and 2) examine whether the relationship between maturation and performance in physical tests is mediated by anthropometric variables. Method: The sample was composed of 71 eight-year-old Brazilian girls. Anthropometry considered stature, body mass, waist circumference, estimated fat mass and fat-free mass. Biological maturation was assessed based on the percentage of predicted adult stature. The physical tests consisted of 2-kg medicine ball throw, handgrip strength, sit-ups and standing long jump. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted between the study variables and the last stage consisted of a causal mediation analysis. Results: Biological maturation was significantly associated with the 2-kg medicine ball throw (r=0.52) and handgrip strength (r=0.42) tests. In the 2-kg medicine ball throw, the relationship with maturation was mediated by body mass (total mediation, Sobel’s Test = 2.214, p<0.05) and by estimated lean mass (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 3.146, p<0.001). In the handgrip strength test, body mass was the only mediating variable (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 2.251, p<0.05). Conclusions: Advanced maturational status appears to contribute to the performance of prepubescent girls in muscular strength tests in which there is no translocation of total or partial body mass. It is recommended that studies be conducted in other age groups. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.
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He, Lingxiao, Evelien Van Roie, An Bogaerts, Sabine Verschueren, Christophe Delecluse, Christopher I. Morse, and Martine Thomis. "The Genetic Effect on Muscular Changes in an Older Population: A Follow-Up Study after One-Year Cessation of Structured Training." Genes 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11090968.
Анотація:
Older adults lose muscle mass and strength at different speeds after the cessation of physical exercise, which might be genotype related. This study aimed to explore the genetic association with changes in muscle mass and strength one year after the cessation of structured training in an older population. Participants (n = 113, aged between 61 and 81 years) who performed one-year of combined fitness (n = 44) or whole-body vibration (n = 69) training were assessed one year after the cessation of the training. Whole-body skeletal muscle mass and knee strength were measured. Data-driven genetic predisposition scores (GPSs) were calculated and analysed in a general linear model with sex, age, body mass index and post-training values of skeletal muscle mass or muscle strength as covariates. Forty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from an initial 170 muscle-related SNPs were identified as being significantly linked to muscular changes after cessation. Data-driven GPSs and over time muscular changes were significantly related (p < 0.01). Participants with higher GPSs had less muscular declines during the cessation period while data-driven GPSs accounted for 26–37% of the phenotypic variances. Our findings indicate that the loss of training benefits in older adults is partially genotype related.
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de Lira, Claudio, Valentine Vargas, Wallace Silva, André Bachi, Rodrigo Vancini, and Marilia Andrade. "Relative Strength, but Not Absolute Muscle Strength, Is Higher in Exercising Compared to Non-Exercising Older Women." Sports 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7010019.
Анотація:
Exercise has been suggested for older adults. However, there is no consensus whether exercising older adults present better strength levels and body composition indexes compared with inactive counterparts. Our aim was to compare absolute and relative isokinetic muscular knee strength and body composition between exercising and non-exercising older women. Exercising (n = 20) and non-exercising (n = 21) groups were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), body composition, and isokinetic muscular knee strength. BMI (p = 0.005), total body mass (p = 0.01), fat mass (p = 0.01), and fat mass percentage (p = 0.01) were higher in non-exercising women, and the lean mass percentage was lower in the non-exercising group (p = 0.01). Isokinetic extensor and flexor knee muscle strength for dominant limbs presented higher peak torque values when corrected for total body mass (Nm·kg−1) in the exercising group (p < 0.05). Exercising older women presented better body composition and higher strength relative to total body mass, but not maximum absolute strength.
29
Ribstein, C., D. Courteix, N. Rabiau, C. Bommelaer, Y. Bourdeau, B. Pereira, and Catherine Sarret. "Secondary Bone Defect in Neuromuscular Diseases in Childhood: A Longitudinal “Muscle-Bone Unit” Analysis." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 06 (July 6, 2018): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666846.
Анотація:
AbstractTo evaluate the potential bone defect in neuromuscular diseases, we conducted a longitudinal study including three groups of patients: 14 Duchenne muscular dystrophies (DMD) and 2 limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD); 3 Becker muscular dystrophies (BeMD) and 7 spinal muscular atrophies (SMA). Yearly osteodensitometries assessed body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) associated with bone markers and leptin. Along the 7-year study, 107 osteodensitometries showed that bone status evolved to osteopenia in most patients except BeMD. When analyzing the crude values, BMD improved with age in BeMD and SMA but not in DMD/LGMD. The correlation using the Z-scores displayed a decrease in BMD with age in DMD/LGMD for all regions, in SMA at total body less head, whereas BMD increased in BeMD at lumbar spine. As observed in healthy persons, muscular mass and bone tissue were significantly correlated. Glucocorticoids were deleterious on trabecular and cortical bone. Leptin was high in most patients and correlated to fat mass and bone parameters. This study confirms a secondary bone defect in neuromuscular diseases, further confirming the functional relationship between bone and muscle and arguing for regular bone follow-up in patients to prevent fracture risk. Adipose tissue seems to interfere with bone remodeling in neuromuscular diseases.
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Simón Mora, Ricardo Manuel, Antonio Jesús Sánchez Oliver, Walter Suárez Carmona, and José Antonio González Jurado. "Efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre la condición física y la grasa visceral en personas con obesidad (Effect of a physical exercise program on physical fitness and visceral fat in people with obesity)." Retos, no. 39 (October 1, 2020): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78997.
Анотація:
Introducción. La obesidad se puede definir como un desequilibrio entre la ingesta de calorías y el gasto de energía con resultado del aumento de peso. Actualmente se acepta que la obesidad es uno de los principales problemas sociales y de salud en todo el mundo y su prevalencia aumenta continuamente. La grasa visceral se considera un factor patogénico en la obesidad. Objetivo. Fue evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento concurrente sobre la condición física, la composición corporal y el área de grasa visceral en personas con obesidad. Métodos. 30 personas con obesidad participaron en este estudio. Realizaron un programa de entrenamiento concurrente adaptado y controlado durante ocho semanas. Se realizaron test de condición física (resistencia muscular, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad) y de la composición corporal antes y después del período de intervención. Resultados. Se observó mejoría en variables de condición física relacionadas con la fuerza muscular, tanto en las extremidades superiores (brazo derecho p =.001 y brazo izquierdo p =.002) como en las inferiores (p = .001). También aumentó significativamente la velocidad de la marcha (p =.001) y la agilidad (p =.001). Todas las variables de composición corporal mejoraron significativamente. Mientras que la masa grasa, el peso, el IMC y el área de grasa visceral disminuyeron considerablemente (p < .001). La masa magra y masa muscular aumentaron significativamente (p =.001). Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento concurrente mejora significativamente la composición corporal en personas obesas, que están relacionadas con los niveles de fuerza muscular mejorada y conduce a una disminución significativa de la grasa visceral.
Abstract. Background. Obesity can be defined as an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure as a result weight gain. Currently is accepted that obesity is one of the major social and health problems worldwide and its prevalence is continuously increasing. Visceral fat is considered as a pathogenic factor in obesity. Objective. The main was to evaluate the effect of concurrent training on physical fitness in people with obesity, body composition and visceral fat area. Methods. 30 obese people participated in this study. They conducted an adapted and controlled concurrent training program during eight weeks. Physical fitness tests (muscular resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility) and body composition measure were applied before and after the intervention period. Results. Improvement was observed on physical fitness variables. Muscle strength, both in the lower extremities (p = .001) and upper extremities (right arm p = .001 and left arm p = .002). Also, the walking speed (p = .001) and agility (p = .001) increased significantly. All body composition variables improved significantly. While fat mass, body weight, BMI and visceral fat area decreased considerably (p <.001), fat free mass and muscle mass increased significantly (p = .001). Conclusion. Concurrent training program improves significantly body composition in obese people, which are related with levels muscular strength enhanced, and conduces significant decrease in visceral fat.
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Skovlund, Sebastian Venge, Rúni Bláfoss, Sebastian Skals, Markus Due Jakobsen, and Lars Louis Andersen. "The Importance of Lifting Height and Load Mass for Muscular Workload during Supermarket Stocking: Cross-Sectional Field Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053030.
Анотація:
High physical work demands increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and sickness absence. Supermarket work involves a high amount of manual material handling. Identifying specific ergonomic risk factors is an important part of occupational health and safety efforts in the supermarket sector. In this cross-sectional field study among 64 supermarket workers, we used electromyography during the workday to determine the influence of lifting height and load mass on muscular workload of the low-back and neck/shoulder muscles during un-restricted manual material handling (grocery stocking). We found a significant effect of load mass, i.e., higher loads associated with higher muscular workload in the low-back and neck/shoulder muscles. We demonstrated a significant interaction between start and end position, i.e., lifts performed from ‘Low’ start positions to ‘High’ end positions demonstrated the highest low-back muscular workload, whereas ‘High’ positions were associated with increased neck/shoulder workload. In conclusion, lifting higher loads and lifting goods from low to high positions (low-back) and at high positions (neck/shoulder) are associated with higher muscular workload. These results can be used to guide highly warranted preventive initiatives to reduce the physical workload during supermarket work.
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DeFreitas, M. J., D. Mathur, W. Seeherunvong, T. Cano, C. P. Katsoufis, S. Duara, S. Yasin, G. Zilleruelo, M. M. Rodriguez, and C. L. Abitbol. "Umbilical artery histomorphometry: a link between the intrauterine environment and kidney development." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417000113.
Анотація:
Prematurity is a risk factor for hypertension, vascular stiffness, nephron deficit and adult onset cardiorenal disease. The vascular tree and kidneys share morphogenic drivers that promote maturation in utero before 36 weeks of gestation. Vascular elastin accrual terminates after birth leaving collagen to promote vascular stiffness. Our objective was to determine if the histomorphometry of the umbilical artery, an extension of the aorta, parallels nephron mass across gestational age groups. From a cohort of 54 newborns, 32 umbilical cord specimens were adequate for evaluation. The umbilical cord was sectioned, stained with trichrome, and digitalized. Muscular and collagenous areas of the umbilical artery were measured in pixels using the Image J 1.48q software. Total kidney volume was measured by ultrasound and factored by body surface area (TKV/BSA). The umbilical artery total area was significantly greater in term v. preterm infants (9.3±1.3 v. 7.0±2.0 mm2; P<0.05) and increased with gestational age; while the percent muscular and collagen areas were independent of gestational age (R2=0.04; P=ns). Percent muscular area correlated positively with TKV/BSA (r=0.53; P=0.002); while an increase in collagen correlated inversely with kidney mass (r=−0.53; P=0.002). In conclusion, an enhanced % muscular area and presumed vascular elasticity was associated with increased renal mass in all infants. Umbilical artery histomorphometry provides a link between the intrauterine environment, vascular and kidney development.
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Khylchuk, Julia. "Physical Development Features of Students, Engaging in Kickboxing." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 2(38) (June 30, 2017): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-02-102-106.
Анотація:
Topicality. The research actuality is predefined by the requirement of society in forming of the physically developed young people by facilities of sporting activity and, in particular, kickboxing. The objective of the study is to define the level of physical development of students engaging in a kickboxing. Results of the Work. Anthropometric indexes of a kickboxing are at high level and testify to trained sportsmen. The index of fatty mass is 14,85 percentage of skeletal muscles – 43,25. The length of kickboxers body of is connected with the circumference of thorax in the state of calmness (r = 0,433), circumference of thorax on inhalation (0,539) and by body weight (0,785). Negative correlation of length of body of sportsmen is observed with muscular mass (– 0,341) and visceral fat (– 0,17). Conclusions. Average grouping indexes of level of students physical development engaging in a kickboxing are in such limits: length of body is 179,55 cm, the mass of body is 71,15 kg, a circumference of thorax in the state of calmness is 93,67 cm, on inhalation is 98,02 cm, on exhalation is 88,64 cm, an excursion of thorax is 9,38 cm. The index of body weight is 21,95 mind. odes, fatty mass – 14,85 %, muscular mass is 43,25, visceral fat – 2,82. The results specify on the high level of trained and development of kickboхer`s muscular system.
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Frija-Masson, Justine, Jimmy Mullaert, Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot, Nathalie Pons-Kerjean, Martin Flamant, and Marie-Pia d'Ortho. "Accuracy of Smart Scales on Weight and Body Composition: Observational Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): e22487. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22487.
Анотація:
Background Smart scales are increasingly used at home by patients to monitor their body weight and body composition, but scale accuracy has not often been documented. Objective The goal of the research was to determine the accuracy of 3 commercially available smart scales for weight and body composition compared with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the gold standard. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study in consecutive patients evaluated for DEXA in a physiology unit in a tertiary hospital in France. There were no exclusion criteria except patient declining to participate. Patients were weighed with one smart scale immediately after DEXA. Three scales were compared (scale 1: Body Partner [Téfal], scale 2: DietPack [Terraillon], and scale 3: Body Cardio [Nokia Withings]). We determined absolute error between the gold standard values obtained from DEXA and the smart scales for body mass, fat mass, and lean mass. Results The sample for analysis included 53, 52, and 48 patients for each of the 3 tested smart scales, respectively. The median absolute error for body weight was 0.3 kg (interquartile range [IQR] –0.1, 0.7), 0 kg (IQR –0.4, 0.3), and 0.25 kg (IQR –0.10, 0.52), respectively. For fat mass, absolute errors were –2.2 kg (IQR –5.8, 1.3), –4.4 kg (IQR –6.6, 0), and –3.7 kg (IQR –8.0, 0.28), respectively. For muscular mass, absolute errors were –2.2 kg (IQR –5.8, 1.3), –4.4 kg (IQR –6.6, 0), and –3.65 kg (IQR –8.03, 0.28), respectively. Factors associated with fat mass measurement error were weight for scales 1 and 2 (P=.03 and P<.001, respectively), BMI for scales 1 and 2 (P=.034 and P<.001, respectively), body fat for scale 1 (P<.001), and muscular and bone mass for scale 2 (P<.001 for both). Factors associated with muscular mass error were weight and BMI for scale 1 (P<.001 and P=.004, respectively), body fat for scales 1 and 2 (P<.001 for both), and muscular and bone mass for scale 2 (P<.001 and P=.002, respectively). Conclusions Smart scales are not accurate for body composition and should not replace DEXA in patient care. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03803098; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03803098
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Ushio, Kai, Yukio Mikami, Hiromune Obayashi, Hironori Fujishita, Kouki Fukuhara, Tetsuhiko Sakamitsu, Kazuhiko Hirata, Yasunari Ikuta, Hiroaki Kimura, and Nobuo Adachi. "Decreased Muscle-to-Fat Mass Ratio Is Associated with Low Muscular Fitness and High Alanine Aminotransferase in Children and Adolescent Boys in Organized Sports Clubs." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112272.
Анотація:
Decreased muscle-to-fat mass ratio (MFR) is associated with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may reduce muscular fitness. Regular exercise in sports clubs has not led to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents; they may have decreased MFR. Decreased MFR could cause reduced muscular fitness, which may put them at risk for NAFLD development. We investigated whether MFR is related to muscular fitness and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), to determine whether MFR could be used to screen for NAFLD in children and adolescent boys belonging to sports clubs. Altogether, 113 participants (aged 7–17 years) who underwent body composition, laboratory, and muscular fitness measurements during a medical checkup were divided into tertiles according to their MFR. Lower extremity muscular fitness values were significantly decreased in the lowest MFR tertile (p < 0.001); conversely, serum ALT levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Decreased MFR significantly increased the risk of elevated ALT, which requires screening for NAFLD, after adjusting for age, obesity, muscular fitness parameters, and metabolic risk factors (odds ratio = 8.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.60–45.6, p = 0.012). Physical fitness and body composition assessments, focusing on MFR, can be useful in improving performance and screening for NAFLD in children and adolescents exercising in sports clubs.
36
Meltzer, D. E. "Body-mass dependence of age-related deterioration in human muscular function." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1149.
Анотація:
Maximal anaerobic power of human muscles declines with increasing chronological age and is correlated with body mass. This study investigated whether the rate of deterioration in human muscular function among trained weight lifters is also correlated with body mass. Cross-sectional analysis of performance data of over 1,100 Masters competitors in Olympic-style weight lifting was carried out; eight body-weight classes and six age groups were represented. Two-lift total data (sum of snatch and clean and jerk lifts) were analyzed. Mean deterioration rates in the performance of athletes of widely diverse body masses were compared over the following age ranges: 42-57, 42-62, and 42-67 yr. No statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between rate of performance decline and body mass. The relationship between body mass and the magnitude of age-related variation of deterioration rate was also studied; no significant correlation was found. Previous studies have demonstrated that performance in Olympic-style weight lifting is correlated with maximal anaerobic muscular power. This leads us to suggest that the age-related deterioration rate of anaerobic power in trained subjects may not be correlated with the body mass of the individual.
37
Bacurau, Aline V. N., Maíra A. Jardim, Julio C. B. Ferreira, Luiz R. G. Bechara, Carlos R. Bueno, Tatiana C. Alba-Loureiro, Carlos E. Negrao, et al. "Sympathetic hyperactivity differentially affects skeletal muscle mass in developing heart failure: role of exercise training." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 5 (May 2009): 1631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91067.2008.
Анотація:
Sympathetic hyperactivity (SH) is a hallmark of heart failure (HF), and several lines of evidence suggest that SH contributes to HF-induced skeletal myopathy. However, little is known about the influence of SH on skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism in a setting of developing HF, taking into consideration muscles with different fiber compositions. The contribution of SH on exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle morphology and biochemistry was investigated in 3- and 7-mo-old mice lacking both α2A- and α2C-adrenergic receptor subtypes (α2A/α2CARKO mice) that present SH with evidence of HF by 7 mo. To verify whether exercise training (ET) would prevent skeletal muscle myopathy in advanced-stage HF, α2A/α2CARKO mice were exercised from 5 to 7 mo of age. At 3 mo, α2A/α2CARKO mice showed no signs of HF and preserved exercise tolerance and muscular norepinephrine with no changes in soleus morphology. In contrast, plantaris muscle of α2A/α2CARKO mice displayed hypertrophy and fiber type shift (IIA → IIX) paralleled by capillary rarefaction, increased hexokinase activity, and oxidative stress. At 7 mo, α2A/α2CARKO mice displayed exercise intolerance and increased muscular norepinephrine, muscular atrophy, capillary rarefaction, and increased oxidative stress. ET reestablished α2A/α2CARKO mouse exercise tolerance to 7-mo-old wild-type levels and prevented muscular atrophy and capillary rarefaction associated with reduced oxidative stress. Collectively, these data provide direct evidence that SH is a major factor contributing to skeletal muscle morphological changes in a setting of developing HF. ET prevented skeletal muscle myopathy in α2A/α2CARKO mice, which highlights its importance as a therapeutic tool for HF.
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Meyers, B. M., and P. J. Keir. "MUSCULAR RESPONSE TO LIFTING WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF LOAD CENTER OF MASS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00736.
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Stump, Elizabeth. "Albuterol Increased Lean Body Mass in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." Neurology Today 8, no. 3 (February 2008): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000311360.48312.12.
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Zhou, Na, Corentin Scoubeau, Kevin Forton, Patricia Loi, Jean Closset, Gael Deboeck, Jean-Jacques Moraine, Malgorzata Klass, and Vitalie Faoro. "Lean Mass Loss and Altered Muscular Aerobic Capacity after Bariatric Surgery." Obesity Facts 15, no. 2 (2022): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521242.
Анотація:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients undergoing weight loss surgery do not improve their aerobic capacity or peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) after bariatric surgery and some still complain about asthenia and/or breathlessness. We investigated the hypothesis that a post-surgery muscular limitation could impact the ventilatory response to exercise by evaluating the post-surgery changes in muscle mass, strength, and muscular aerobic capacity, measured by the first ventilatory threshold (VT). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirteen patients with obesity were referred to our university exercise laboratory before and 6 months after bariatric surgery and were matched by sex, age, and height to healthy subjects with normal weight. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, blood sampling, and body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respiratory and limb muscle strength assessments, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cyclo-ergometer. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bariatric surgery resulted in a loss of 34% fat mass, 43% visceral adipose tissue, and 12% lean mass (LM) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Absolute handgrip, quadriceps, or respiratory muscle strength remained unaffected, while quadriceps/handgrip strength relative to LM increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Absolute VO<sub>2</sub>peak or VO<sub>2</sub>peak/LM did not improve and the first VT was decreased after surgery (1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4 L min<sup>−1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and correlated to the exercising LM (LM legs) (<i>R</i> = 0.84, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Although bariatric surgery has numerous beneficial effects, absolute VO<sub>2</sub>peak does not improve and the weight loss-induced LM reduction is associated to an altered muscular aerobic capacity, as reflected by an early VT triggering early exercise hyperventilation.
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Fricke, Oliver, Ralf Beccard, Oliver Semler, and Eckhard Schoenau. "Analyses of muscular mass and function: the impact on bone mineral density and peak muscle mass." Pediatric Nephrology 25, no. 12 (May 11, 2010): 2393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-010-1517-y.
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Jeong, Seong-Mok, Byung-Kwan Seo, Yeon-Cheol Park, and Yong-Hyeon Baek. "A Review of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies on Muscular Atrophy: A Literature Review of In Vivo/In Vitro Studies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (November 18, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8654719.
Анотація:
Objective. The objective of this review is to evaluate the recent treatment and study trends of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments on muscular atrophy by reviewing in vivo/in vitro studies.Materials and Methods. The searches were conducted via electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang MED, and five Korean databases. Only in vivo and in vitro studies were included in this study.Results. A total of 44 studies (27 in vivo studies, 8 in vitro studies, and 9 in vivo with in vitro) were included. No serious maternal or fetal complications occurred. There were various animal models induced with muscular atrophy through “hindlimb suspension”, “nerve damage”, ‘alcohol or dexamethasone treatment’, “diabetes”, “CKD”, “stroke”, “cancer”, “genetic modification”, etc. In 28 of 36 articles measuring muscle mass, CAM significantly increased the mass. Additionally, 10 of them showed significant improvement in muscle function. In most in vitro studies, significant increases in both the diameter of myotubes and muscle cell numbers were reported. The mechanisms of action of protein synthesis, degradation, autophagy, and apoptotic markers were also investigated.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that CAM could prevent muscular atrophy. Further studies about CAM on muscular atrophy are needed.
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McKane, Meghann, Jonathan H. Soslow, Meng Xu, Benjamin R. Saville, James C. Slaughter, W. Bryan Burnette, and Larry W. Markham. "Does Body Mass Index Predict Premature Cardiomyopathy Onset for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?" Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 5 (January 13, 2017): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816687422.
Анотація:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to estimate the association of body mass index with cardiomyopathy onset. Cardiomyopathy was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <55% or left ventricular fractional shortening <28%. Overall, 48% met the criteria for cardiomyopathy. We were unable to demonstrate an association between body mass index Z score and age of cardiomyopathy onset (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.57-1.11, P = .17) after adjusting for covariates. Duration of corticosteroid use ( P = .01), but not loss of ambulatory ability ( P = .47), was associated with age of cardiomyopathy onset. We were unable to detect a significant difference in median body mass index Z scores in corticosteroid-treated boys compared with corticosteroid-naïve boys (1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.25-1.95, vs 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.01-1.86, P = .69). No association was detected between the body mass index Z scores of Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects and age of cardiomyopathy onset.
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Lee, Chae Kwan, Young Kyun Sim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Jang Soo Yook, Soo-Min Ha, Eun Chul Seo, Wi-Young So, et al. "The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness and the Effect of Exercise According to the Level of Childhood Obesity Using the MGPA Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010487.
Анотація:
Childhood obesity can lead to adulthood obesity with adverse effects. Since body composition and physical fitness differ depending on the obesity degree, a systemic analysis could help classify that degree. We used three study designs based on the obesity degree (body mass index [BMI] as a reference) for our objectives. First, we identified the relationship between body composition and physical fitness. Second, we determined the effects of exercise on body composition and physical fitness. Third, we performed a path analysis of the impact of exercise on body composition and physical fitness, and verified those effects among the groups. In study 1, 164 10-year-old subjects were divided into four groups: 33 in the normal weight (NO), 34 in overweight (OV), 54 in obesity (OB), and 43 in the severe obesity (SOB) group. In study 2, 101 participants from study 1 who wished to participate in the exercise program were divided into four groups (same criteria). The exercise program (three times a week for 60 min, for 16 weeks) consisted of sports and reinforcement exercises of increasing intensity. Body composition was measured by body weight, percentage of body fat (%BF), muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, physical fitness was measured by muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, agility, and balance. As a result, all body composition variables were higher in the SOB group than in the other groups. Physical fitness, muscular strength and balance, and agility were highest in the SOB, NO, and OV groups, respectively. Pearson’s correlation revealed that muscular strength was associated with height and body weight across all groups. Agility showed a negative correlation with %BF in the NO, OB, and SOB groups. SMM was positively correlated in the OB and SOB groups. After the exercise intervention, BMI and the %BF of the SOB group were significantly reduced (p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), while SMM presented a significant increase (p < 0.001). Height also showed a significant increase in all groups (p < 0.001). Among physical fitness variables, muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, and balance showed a significant increase in all groups, while a significant increase in power was observed in only the OB and SOB groups. As for the effects of the body composition on physical fitness after exercise intervention, the greatest impact was observed for balance, muscular strength and agility, and muscular endurance in NO, OV, and OB groups, respectively. In conclusion, the body composition, physical fitness relationship, and the effects of exercise intervention on them differed depending on the obesity degree. Furthermore, the results varied according to the obesity degree. Thus, our study highlights the importance of creating particular exercise programs for the effective prevention and treatment of childhood obesity considering the obesity degree.
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Nielsen, Tue L., John Vissing, and Thomas O. Krag. "Antimyostatin Treatment in Health and Disease: The Story of Great Expectations and Limited Success." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030533.
Анотація:
In the past 20 years, myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target in muscular dystrophies and other conditions. Preclinical studies have shown potential for increasing muscular mass and ameliorating the pathological features of dystrophic muscle by the inhibition of myostatin in various ways. However, hardly any clinical trials have proven to translate the promising results from the animal models into patient populations. We present the background for myostatin regulation, clinical and preclinical results and discuss why translation from animal models to patients is difficult. Based on this, we put the clinical relevance of future antimyostatin treatment into perspective.
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Ribeiro, Alex S., Brad J. Schoenfeld, Danilo R. P. Silva, Fábio L. C. Pina, Débora A. Guariglia, Marcelo Porto, Nailza Maestá, Roberto C. Burini, and Edilson S. Cyrino. "Effect of Two- Versus Three-Way Split Resistance Training Routines on Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Bodybuilders: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 6 (December 2015): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0077.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to compare different split resistance training routines on body composition and muscular strength in elite bodybuilders. Ten male bodybuilders (26.7 ± 2.7 years, 85.3 ± 10.4 kg) were randomly assigned into one of two resistance training groups: 4 and 6 times per week (G4× and G6×, respectively), in which the individuals trained for 4 weeks, 4 sets for each exercise performing 6–12 repetitions maximum (RM) in a pyramid fashion. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength was evaluated by 1RM bench-press testing. The food intake was planned by nutritionists and offered individually throughout the duration of the experiment. Significant increases (p < .05) in fat-free mass (G4× = +4.2%, G6× = +3.5%) and muscular strength (G4× = +8.4%, G6× = +11.4%) with no group by time interaction were observed. We conclude that 4 and 6 weekly sessions frequencies of resistance training promote similar increases in fat-free mass and muscular strength in elite bodybuilders.
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Correa-Rodríguez, María, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Jorge Correa-Bautista, Rocío Castellanos-Vega, Florencio Arias-Coronel, Katherine González-Ruíz, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo, Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle, and Emilio González-Jiménez. "Association of Muscular Fitness and Body Fatness with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The FUPRECOL Study." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111742.
Анотація:
This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p < 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p < 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p < 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this.
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Watanabe, Kohei, Aleš Holobar, Yukiko Mita, Aya Tomita, Akito Yoshiko, Motoki Kouzaki, Kenji Uchida, and Toshio Moritani. "Modulation of Neural and Muscular Adaptation Processes During Resistance Training by Fish Protein Ingestions in Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 5 (October 22, 2019): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz215.
Анотація:
Abstract Assessments of both neural and muscular adaptations during interventions would provide valuable information for developing countermeasures to age-related muscle dysfunctions. We investigated the effect of fish protein ingestion on training-induced neural and muscular adaptations in older adults. Twenty older adults participated 8 weeks of isometric knee extension training intervention. The participants were divided into two groups who took fish protein (n = 10, Alaska pollack protein, APP) or casein (n = 10, CAS). Maximal muscle strength during knee extension, lower extremity muscle mass (body impedance method), and motor unit firing pattern of knee extensor muscle (high-density surface electromyography) were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Muscle strength were significantly increased in both CAS (124.7 ± 5.8%) and APP (117.1 ± 4.4%) after intervention (p < .05), but no significant differences between the groups were observed (p > .05). Significant increases in lower extremity muscle mass from 0 to 8 weeks were demonstrated only for APP (102.0 ± 3.2, p < .05). Greater changes in motor unit firing pattern following intervention were represented in CAS more than in APP. These results suggest that nutritional supplementations could modulate neural and muscular adaptations following resistance training and fish protein ingestion preferentially induces muscular adaptation without the detectable neural adaptation in older adults.
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Holland, Ashling, and Kay Ohlendieck. "Proteomic Profiling of the Dystrophin-DeficientmdxPhenocopy of Dystrophinopathy-Associated Cardiomyopathy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246195.
Анотація:
Cardiorespiratory complications are frequent symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disorder caused by primary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene. Loss of cardiac dystrophin initially leads to changes in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and subsequently triggers secondarily sarcolemmal disintegration, fibre necrosis, fibrosis, fatty tissue replacement, and interstitial inflammation. This results in progressive cardiac disease, which is the cause of death in a considerable number of patients afflicted with X-linked muscular dystrophy. In order to better define the molecular pathogenesis of this type of cardiomyopathy, several studies have applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics to determine proteome-wide alterations in dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. Proteomic studies included both gel-based and label-free mass spectrometric surveys of dystrophin-deficient heart muscle from the establishedmdxanimal model of dystrophinopathy. Comparative cardiac proteomics revealed novel changes in proteins associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, glycolysis, signaling, iron binding, antibody response, fibre contraction, basal lamina stabilisation, and cytoskeletal organisation. This review summarizes the importance of studying cardiomyopathy within the field of muscular dystrophy research, outlines key features of themdxheart and its suitability as a model system for studying cardiac pathogenesis, and discusses the impact of recent proteomic findings for exploring molecular and cellular aspects of cardiac abnormalities in inherited muscular dystrophies.
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Rahman, M. Hafizur, ASM Zakir Hossain, M. Saiful Islam, Khodeza Khatun, M. Anisur Rahman, and M. Sharif Chowdhury. "A Primary Intramuscular Hydatid Cyst of the Proximal Thigh : A Rare Case Report." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 24, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v24i2.37544.
Анотація:
Primary intramuscular hydatid cyst of thigh is a very rare parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We present an unusual case of primary hydatid cyst in a 21-year old male who presented with slowly growing painless lump in the anteromedial aspect of proximal right thigh. Ultrasonography of the mass revealed a multiloculated cyst in the medial compartment of right proximal thigh without detectable primary any other location. MRI clearly displayed the lesion showing cystic mass with multiple well defined daughter cysts and diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made. The patient was treated surgically and cyst was excised. Macroscopic and microscopic histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of muscular hydatid cyst. Primary muscular hydatidosis is kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of a cystic mass of a skeletal muscle especially in endemic areas.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 142-144