Дисертації: "National demographic health survey"

1

Navarro, Christine. "Sexually transmitted diseases and their socio-demographic and behavioural correlates in Canada: National Population Health Survey, 1996-1997." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8963.

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This research examines the two-year period prevalences and gender-specific correlates for self-reported gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts among 43,192 sexually experienced Canadians aged 15 to 59 years in the 1996--97 National Population Health Survey. Reporting multiple partners in the past year was consistently related to higher prevalences of STD. Regular alcohol consumption was a potential indicator of a higher risk lifestyle that places men and women at increased risk for chlamydia and genital herpes. Canadian-born respondents were significantly more likely to report STD, which may be a result of respondent error. Gender, age, and age at first intercourse were also important correlates, acting as both direct risk factors influencing susceptibility and as markers of higher risk sexual activity. Although the survey relies on self-reports of STD experience, in combination with clinic-based studies and surveillance it can be a useful tool for targeting prevention strategies for the general population.

2

Patel, Shalini. "Demographic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Determinants of Vitamin D Status in the US Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/37.

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Background: Determinants of vitamin D status are of interest when studying the epidemiology of disease in population groups because vitamin D is now recognized to decrease the risk of diseases such as osteoporosis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Understanding modifiable determinants of vitamin D status are important for managing vitamin D deficiency at the individual level and for addressing this issue at population level. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between serum vitamin D status (deficiency and insufficiency) and distinct demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics of adults in the United States using a large, nationally representative sample survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. Methods: The study sample consisted of 2340 adults aged 20-59 who had serum 25(OH)D measured and who had completed various questionnaires concerning dietary intake of vitamin D and other lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in adults based on distinct demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics. Statistical significance was set at α < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in obese adults than in underweight to normal weight adults (50.9% ± 4.57 vs. 29.3% ± 3.57), higher in adults who reported no sunburns than in adults who reported ≥ 3 sunburns (49.9% ± 3.82 vs. 18.0% ± 3.07), and higher in adults who use sun protective measures regularly than in adults who do not (48.4% ± 3.93 vs. 27.0% ± 3.75). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased as dietary intake of vitamin D decreased. Non-Hispanic black adults were significantly more likely to be vitamin D deficient (OR = 45.27, 95% CI = 17.27-118.64) and insufficient (OR = 9.37, 95% CI = 3.43-25.61) than non-Hispanic white adults. Significant positive associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and several characteristics, namely obesity (OR = 7.43, 95% CI = 4.33-12.77), physical inactivity (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03-2.58) poor dietary vitamin D intake (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.44-3.81), non-supplement use or supplement use with a low amount of vitamin D (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.05-2.89), and activities that decrease exposure to sunlight (from OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.14-4.13 to OR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.17-8.85). Conclusion: The results of this nationally representative study demonstrate that obesity, physical inactivity, poor dietary intake of vitamin D, and low sunlight exposure increases the risk for vitamin D deficiency in U.S adults. Future studies are needed to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation, sunlight exposure, and vitamin D-fortified foods are efficient in correcting vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among these groups.

3

Washington, Jr Wilson J. "Poverty, Demographics, and Hepatitis C Infection in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6750.

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Hepatitis (HCV) is a communicable disease that impacts many Americans. The scholarly literature lacked the knowledge pertaining to the relationships between poverty and HCV diagnosis and prescription for HCV medication. The purpose of the study was to measure the magnitude and statistical significance of these relationships, as modeled by the health belief model and public health surveillance and action framework. Specifically, the study was designed to determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between living below the poverty line and being diagnosed with HCV, as well as living being below the poverty line and being prescribed HCV medication. A total of 78 records of HCV-positive individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset were evaluated by applying the statistical procedure of odds ratio (OR) analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that (a) there was not a statistically significant relationship between being below the poverty line and being diagnosed with HCV, OR = 0.99 (SE = 0.38, z = -0.03, p = .974); and (b) there was not a statistically significant relationship between being below the poverty line and being prescribed HCV medications, OR = 0.32 (SE = 0.55, z = -0.66, p = .507). Numerous recommendations for improving measurements of the relationship between poverty and HCV are provided. This study may promote positive social change by indicating the importance of poverty as an agenda item for public health policy and practice.

4

Aderinwale, Adetayo Seun. "Well-educated middle class women and their preference for traditional rather than skilled birth attendants in Lagos Nigeria a qualitative study." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8442.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Background:Theoutcomeofpregnanciesinmanyinstancesislargelypredicatedon availabilityofSkilledBirthAttendants(SBAs).Despitethisphenomenon,illiteracyand financialdisadvantagehavebeenvariouslycitedastwinfactorspromotingtheinterest andpatronageofTraditionalBirthAttendants(TBAs)bywomenfolk.Itistherefore expected thatwomenhavingtertiarylevelofeducationandpossessing adequate economic resources would naturally prefer to use the SBAs.However,these http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ 9 observationshavenotsignificantlyreflected therealityin thechoiceofmaternal healthcareprovidersinNigeriaandthecityofLagosinparticular.Yet,accessto maternalservicesoftheSBAshasbeenwidelyacceptedasoneoftheleadingwaysof loweringmaternalmortality.Therefore,inordertoimprovethepatronageofSBAsand correspondinglylowermaternaldeathrates,itbecomesimperativetounderstandthe rationalebehindthepreferencefortheTBAs’usebywomenwhoarenotordinarily expectedtodosobyvirtueoftheirhighlevelofeducationandgoodfinancialcapacity. Aim:Theaim ofthisstudywastoexploreandunderstandtheexperiences,perception and beliefsystems influencing well-educated,middle income women and their reasoningfortheuseofTraditionalBirthAttendantsratherthanSkilledBirthAttendants fordeliveryservicesinLagos,Nigeria. Methodology:ThisisaqualitativestudyconductedinAlimoshoLocalGovernmentArea ofLagosinNigeria.Tenwomenwithtertiarylevelofeducationandbelongingtomiddle incomeeconomiccategorieswereenrolledasparticipants.Inaddition,itinvolved3 FocusGroupDiscussionscomprising7TraditionalBirthAttendantspergroup. Results:Behaviouraland attitudinalshortcomings by the SBAs;misconceptions regardingsurgicaldeliverybywomen;bureaucraticdelaysandbottlenecksexperienced attheSBAs’centres;thebeliefbythewomenthatpregnancyisasacredandspiritual eventwhichonlytheTBAshaveabilitytomanage;women’sconfidenceintheTBAsas havingbettercapacitytomanagecertaincoexistingmedicalconditionsinpregnancy; andmisinformationonmanagementmodalitiesforcertainconditionslikeinfertilityand fibroidallcombinetoinfluencepreferenceforutilizationofTBAsbywell-educated, middleincomewomeninthestudyarea.

5

Liu, Lindy. "An Analysis of Household-reported Health Status and Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Adolescent Influenza Vaccination Rates in the United States: 2008 National Immunization Survey-Teen." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/148.

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Background: Influenza is a highly contagious but preventable acute respiratory illness associated with high morbidity. Seasonal influenza affects approximately 20% to 40% of children and adolescents. Annual influenza vaccination is an effective approach to prevent illness but recent studies suggests that adolescents are underutilizing important preventive health services and that influenza vaccination coverage in high risk adolescents is also suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between household reported health status and socio-demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination. Methods: Data from the 2008 National Immunization Survey were assessed examining various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as reported health status of non-institutionalized adolescents in the U.S. The sample was limited adolescents aged 13-17. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. P-values of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance. Results: There were 29063 total observations with 18.9% reporting receiving the influenza vaccine. The results of this study indicate that sex, race and ethnicity, poverty status, health insurance status, asthma status, having an underlying health condition, missed school days due to illness or injury, and maternal age are associated with getting immunized against influenza. As one might expect those who reported having health insurance, having asthma, and having an underlying health condition had higher likelihood of vaccine. Interestingly, non-Hispanic other race and multi-race teens in the study were the most likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared with non-Hispanic white teens. Conclusions: This study further examines the impact of socio-demographic disparities and health status on influenza vaccination coverage. Although the current influenza vaccine recommendations now include all individuals ages 6 months and older, it should still be important to recognize disparities and inequalities which contribute to non-vaccination or under-vaccination. Improved understanding of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as existing underlying health conditions, will facilitate the path to improving interventions, vaccination rates, and subsequent reduction in the burden of this preventable disease.

6

Van, Fleit William E. III. "Self-Reported Medical Conditions and Demographic, Behavioral and Dietary Factors Associated with Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Concentration in the US Adult Population." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/114.

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This research uses data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine dietary and other factors associated with serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration for 5,474 adults age 20 years and older. After multivariate adjustment, we found that serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration was positively associated with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats, while diets high in processed foods and high-fat meats were inversely associated with vitamin D level. Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration was also signifi-cantly associated with age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, supplementation, and the season of survey administration. Self-reported cardiovascular and kidney disease were significantly associated with serum 25 (OH)-Vitamin D concentration after adjustment for significant confounders.

7

Cao, Yan, Katie L. Callahan, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Yang Chen, Ying Liu, and Shimin Zheng. "Vitamin D Status and Demographic and Lifestyle Determinants Among Adults in the United States (NHANES 2001-2006)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/130.

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This study looked at risk factors associated with vitamin D levels in the body among a representative sample of adults in the U.S., NHANES III (2001-2006) data were used to assess the relationship between several demographic and health risk factors and vitamin D levels in the body. The Baseline-Category Logit Model was used to test the association between vitamin D level and the potential risk factors age, education, ethnicity, poverty status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol with both genders. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly associated with age, race, education, physical activity, obesity, diabetes and total cholesterol level for both genders. Almost half of the adults sampled in these data had vitamin D levels lower than the recommended limits, with the highest frequency among the younger groups. Determining an individual’s vitamin D level is very difficult without proper clinical testing. Many of those who have low vitamin D levels are unaware. With such a high prevalence of individuals with low vitamin D levels in the U.S. and a better understanding of characteristics associated with these lower levels, increased education and prevention efforts should be focused toward those with higher risk characteristics.

8

Sylla, Daouda. "Essays on Culture, Economic Outcome and Wellbeing." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31202.

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Chapter 1: The Impact of Culture on the Second-Generation Immigrants’ Level of Trust in Canada Trust is one of the main elements of social capital; it determines the extent to which an individual cooperates with others. In this chapter, I assess whether cultural factors influence the level of trust in the population of second-generation immigrants in Canada. This paper is related to two strands of empirical literature. The first analyses the determinants of trust and the second studies the cultural transmission of values, attitudes and beliefs. I follow closely the literature on the cultural transmission and use an epidemiological approach to assess whether trust of second-generation immigrants is affected by their cultural heritage. This approach consists of comparing information about the outcomes of second-generation immigrants with that of the country of origin of their ancestry. We apply this approach using the Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS), the World Value Survey (WVS) and the European Value Survey (EVS). Estimation results show that the average level of trust in the countries of origin of the ancestors of the second-generation immigrants has a strong significant impact on their level of trust. Thus, individual whose country of ancestry displays a high level of trust, tend to have a high level of trust. This provides evidence that individuals’ level of trust is not only explained by their personal experiences, characteristics, and the environment in which they live; but also by the culture in their country of ancestry. This means that culture does matter! I find that the results remain robust even if certain key countries are omitted or a different data set is used. Chapter 2: Decomposing Health Achievement and Socioeconomic Health Inequalities in Presence of Multiple Categorical Information This chapter presents a decomposition of the health achievement and the socioeconomic health inequality indices by multiple categorical variables and by regions. I adopt Makdissi and Yazbeck's (2014) counting approach to deal with the ordinal nature of the data of the United States National Health Interview Survey 2010. The findings suggest that the attributes that contribute the most to the deviation from perfect health in the United States are: anxiety, depression and exhaustion. Also, I find that the attributes that contribute the most to the total socioeconomic health inequality are ambulation, depression and pain. The regional decomposition results suggest that, if the aversion to socioeconomic health inequality is high enough, socioeconomic health inequalities between regions are the main contributors to the total socioeconomic health inequality in the United States. Chapter 3: Accounting for Freedom and Economic Resources in the Assessment of Changes in Women Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa This chapter assesses the importance of freedom in women’s wellbeing in twelve Sub-Saharan Africa countries by using data from Demographic Health Surveys. This paper presents a poverty comparison by using the stochastic dominance approach and relies on the economic resources and freedom as the two aspects of wellbeing which evokes the multidimensionality of poverty. This study is related to the following three pieces of literature: the sequential stochastic dominance, the multidimensional poverty, the Sen’s capability approach which is based on freedom. This paper is built on Makdissi et al. (2014) but differs from it in a number of respects. First, it focuses on poverty instead of welfare. Secondly, it applies the Shapley decomposition to determine the contributions of the economic resource distribution and the incidence of the threat of domestic violence to poverty changes over time. Consistent with previous work on the importance of freedom, I find that more freedom, i.e. less threat of domestic violence, affects women’s wellbeing positively since it decreases women’s poverty. The results indicate that women’s wellbeing has improved in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal, and Zimbabwe and deteriorated in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania.

9

Botkin, Mia Meeyaong-Won. "The Association Between Osteoporosis and Early Menopause Following Hysterectomy." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2278.

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Osteoporosis is considered to be the most adverse public health disease associated with substantial mortality among postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy, surgically induced menopause, contributes to the early onset of menopause. However, there was no evidence of an association between early menopause following hysterectomy and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among hysterectomized postmenopausal women. The integrated theory of health behavior change theoretical framework guided study. Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among the study population. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of osteoporosis was inversely associated with age, education, and annual family income. Non-Hispanic Whites with age of hysterectomy 36-45 were significantly associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis. Moderate recreational activity and calcium/vitamin D intake were associated with decreased prevalence of osteoporosis. Demographic and behavioral factors play substantial roles in the prevalence of osteoporosis. The study results may be used to facilitate risk-prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis. This study may drive positive social change by facilitating public health to promote and implement effective behavioral interventions to prevent osteoporosis in the potential hysterectomized postmenopausal women.

10

Ellis, Susan Patricia. "Health promotion programmes : a national survey /." Ann Arbor, MI : UMI Dissertation Information Service, 1992. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00092825.pdf.

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11

Khatun, Mohsina. "Contraceptive use dynamics : application to the Bangladesh demographic and health survey." Amsterdam : Dutch University Press, 2005. http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/rw/2005/m.khatun/.

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12

Terry, Allan Keith 1952. "National survey of hospital drug-use evaluation programs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291364.

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A self-administered, mail questionnaire was used to assess the current state of hospital drug-use evaluation (DUE) programs within short-term, general U.S. hospitals. During February-March 1992, two mailings were sent to pharmacy directors at 491 randomly selected institutions. A net response rate of 66.6% (327/491) was achieved. The level of pharmacist participation in DUE program activities was found to be very high and to have a significant, positive correlation with the rated effectiveness of current DUE programs and the rated importance of pharmacist participation in DUE program activities. Pharmacists were members on 97.9% of responders' DUE (sub)committees, while 65.5% of pharmacist members held voting privileges. Pharmacists devoted an average of 11.27 hours per week to DUE-related tasks. Wide variation was demonstrated in rationale used to select DUE study drugs, interventions employed, use of DUE study results, and methods selected to evaluate DUE program effectiveness.

13

Nansukusa, Stella. "Analysis of malaria and HIVAIDS data from the 2006 Uganda Demographic Health Survey." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28695.

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Despite the fact that extensive research has been done on malaria and HIV/AIDS, they are still major public health problems in Uganda with annual estimates of 10 million cases and 43,000 deaths for malaria and an HIV prevalence of 5.4% that has not changed since 2008. In this thesis, malaria prevalence and the associated risk factors in children below the age of five was investigated. Data from the Uganda Demographic Health Survey were analyzed on 7,336 children. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors of malaria. Malaria prevalence decreased with use of bed nets, an increase in the child's wealth status, an increase in the mother's education level and also with an increase in the child's age. Interactions between age and wealth index, and residence and wealth index were significantly associated with malaria prevalence. Prevalence was also higher among rural residents. It is suggested that malaria control measures be targeted to less advantaged groups of people. Knowledge of prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS among 2,386 adult men and 8,531 adult women in Uganda was also examined in the thesis using the Uganda Demographic Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine determinants of knowledge of prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS. Knowledge was generally higher among the men. Knowledge also increased with increases in wealth status and educational attainment. It is suggested that health education especially among women must underlie intervention programs to influence prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS in Uganda.

14

Sobiech, Kathleen L. "Unmet Need for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services| Results from the 2013 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey." Thesis, Indiana University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10605446.

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Although the association between poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and sociodemographic indicators has been explored in many resource-poor settings, limited information exists specific to Liberia. The two studies in this document seek to describe unmet need for SRH services using three critical indicators of SRH services: knowledge of HIV status (sexual health); use of skilled provider for antenatal care and delivery (reproductive health); and use of modern contraception when there is a desire to limit or space reproduction (family planning). Data from Liberia’s 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) was used to summarize individual-level profiles according to key sociodemographic and sexual health characteristics for sexually active women and men aged 15-49 (N_women=7,787; N_men=3,426). Frequency distributions from log-binomial regressions show the prevalence of unmet need for sexual health services for women is 51.9% and 72.8% for men; 39.7% for reproductive services (women only); and prevalence of unmet need for family planning is 70.7% for women and 76.1% for men. Results show wide disparities in unmet need for sexual health services by wealth and educational attainment for both men and women. Differences in unmet need for reproductive services were disparate based on educational attainment, wealth, and urban/rural residence. Although the unmet need for family planning is high, the disparities among subgroups is not as dramatic as other unmet needs. Results indicate the need to evaluate the gaps between national policy and service utilization with special attention to subgroups with a high-burden of unmet need.

15

Issa, Ayman. "Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Egypt : Further Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2014." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396259.

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While proper nutrition prevents diseases and promotes good health, poor nutrition in the first 1000 days of life can lead to stunted growth. The prevalence of childhood stunting in Egypt has increased after the millennium with the prevalence rate being above 20% in the last twenty years. To investigate any significant association between childhood stunting and different demographic, socioeconomic, biological and immediate determinants in a nationally representative sample of Egypt. Data from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey was used. Pearson’s Chi square test was run to discover any association and the generalized logistic regression approach was used in the analyses to generate odds ratio of the association between childhood stunting and the studied determinants. Stunting was found to be significantly associated with different determinants. Children living in Rural and Urban Upper Egypt were more likely to be stunted than children living in other regions in Egypt. Children from the richest quintile were more likely to be stunted than children from lower quintiles. Children with no health insurance coverage were more likely to be stunted than children who have health insurance. Male children were more likely to be stunted than female ones. Children who had normal weight at birth were less likely to be stunted than children who had low weight at birth. Stunting was found to be significantly associated with demographical, socioeconomical and biological factors. Egypt needs a strategy with multi-sectorial approach in order to address stunting in children under the age of five.

16

Maggio, Edward. "Access to public transportation : an exploration of the National Household Travel Survey appended data." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001836.

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17

Fish, Julie. "Lesbians and health care : a national survey of lesbians' health behaviour and experiences." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11768.

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This is the first systematic large-scale study of lesbian health that has been conducted in the U.K. Its purpose is to provide data about lesbians' breast and cervical screening behaviour and experiences of health care. Comparable studies in the U.S.A. suggest that lesbians do not attend for routine screening tests and are less likely, than heterosexual women, to practise breast self examination. A questionnaire (the Lesbians and Health Care Survey) was distributed to 1066 lesbians in the UK. Four follow-up focus groups (n = 30) were used to explore some of the issues arising from the survey. The major quantitative survey findings include: 12 per cent of lesbians have never attended for a cervical smear; 20 per cent have never practised BSE, and only 11 per cent attend for a mammogram every three years. The qualitative survey data were content analysed in order to identify the reasons given by lesbians for their healthcare behaviour. In the follow-up focus groups, breast health is taken as a case study. This thesis contributes to defining a lesbian feminist health agenda by its valuing of lesbians' own perspectives; by providing alternative conceptions of lesbians' health that do not rely on biomedical, disease models; and it locates lesbians' health experiences within a socio-political framework. By providing a range of data about-lesbians' health, the findings may help to inform the understanding of health providers about lesbians' health needs, improve the practice of health care delivery for lesbians and be of value to lesbians in making decisions about their health care behaviour.

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Faust, Lena. "Socioeconomic Inequality and HIV in Nigeria: Conclusions from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37765.

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Background: As high HIV transmission rates persist in Sub-Saharan Africa, the effect of wealth inequality rather than solely absolute wealth as a potential driver of the HIV epidemic has been given increased attention in recent research, but has not yet been investigated in the Nigerian setting. As, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic inequality, individuals may face barriers to both obtaining health-related knowledge and translating this knowledge into actual engagement in preventive measures, it is relevant to assess the level of HIV-related knowledge in the Nigerian population. Furthermore, it is of interest to investigate its socioeconomic predictors, and to identify risk-groups for low HIV-related knowledge, which consequentially are also potential risk groups for high HIV transmission. This will ultimately facilitate the targeting and implementation of more appropriate and effective preventive interventions among these groups. Due to the country’s high HIV prevalence and its ethnic and socioeconomic heterogeneity, it is both an interesting and highly relevant setting in which to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of HIV-related knowledge. Methods: Utilizing data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, Paper 1 of this thesis investigates wealth inequality as a predictor of low HIV-related knowledge in the Nigerian population through logistic regression modeling. The effects of other sociodemographic factors such as sex, literacy and rural or urban residence on HIV-related knowledge are also explored. In paper 2, a trend analysis is conducted of HIV-related knowledge in the country from 2003 to 2013, with changes in these trends represented graphically, stratified by various sociodemographic factors. ARIMA models were fit to the 2003-2013 trend data. Finally, Paper 3 presents a systematic review (using the Medline and Embase databases) and meta-analysis (conducted in R) of HIV-related knowledge interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa or among the African Diaspora, synthesising the available evidence for the efficacy of such interventions in 1) improving HIV-related knowledge, 2) resulting in increased engagement in preventive measures and safe sexual practices, and 3) reducing HIV incidence. Random-effects models were used for the meta- analyses. Results: The logistic regression model indicated that females were more than twice as likely as males to have low HIV-related knowledge in each wealth inequality category. In addition, females were more likely to have correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission than males, but were over 1.5 times more likely to have poor knowledge of HIV risk reduction measures. Individuals with lower literacy levels were almost twice as likely as literate respondents to have low HIV-related knowledge. Ethnicity, religious affiliation, relationship status, and residing in rural areas were additional significant predictors of HIV-related knowledge. The trend analysis indicated an overall increase in HIV-related knowledge between 2003 and 2013, but a decrease in knowledge of mother-to-child-transmission. In addition, State-level disparities in knowledge regarding HIV risk reduction increased over time. The meta-analysis of HIV education interventions demonstrated significantly higher odds of correct knowledge of transmission routes as well as condom use, but insignificantly lower odds of HIV incidence. Conclusions: HIV-related knowledge in this sample is generally low among females, those with low literacy levels, the poor, the unemployed, those residing in rural areas, those with traditional religious beliefs, and those living in states with the highest wealth inequality ratios. The meta-analysis of HIV-related knowledge interventions in Paper 3 indicates that such interventions are generally effective at improving not only HIV-related knowledge but also increasing condom use, and should thus be targeted at the risk groups identified in Papers 1 and 2, in order to work towards the reduction of HIV transmission.

19

Villacorta, Moises F. Wathinee Boonchalaksi. "Health services utilization among the Thai elderly : findings from the Kanchanaburi project demographic surveillance survey /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd357/4538008.pdf.

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20

Smart, Joseph Ruben. "Reported Mental Health Issues and Marital Quality: A Statewide Survey." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/197.

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This study included a representative random sample of 886 married individuals in Utah. This sample was surveyed to discover the relationship between demographic variables, reported mental health issues, and marital quality. In addition, this study sought to discover models, using demographic variables and reported mental health issues, to predict for separate dimensions of marital quality. This survey was a replication of a study completed primarily in Oklahoma, with the addition of questions about the participants' mental health. Spearman's rho, Pearson's R, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that: religious beliefs had a statistically significant relationship with commitment/satisfaction, with stability, and negative interactions. Religious activity had a statistically significant relationship with commitment/satisfaction, and negative interactions. The duration of marriage had a statistically significant relationship with stability, negative interactions, and age at time of current marriage. The models found for predicting the separate dimensions of marital quality including commitment and satisfaction, stability, and negative interactions were all robust. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

21

Borgato, Neiva Maria. "Gravidez adolescente = indesejada para quem?" [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281224.

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Orientador: Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borgato_NeivaMaria_M.pdf: 915381 bytes, checksum: 8696158447b9f47c07f7a10b18d5e462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Os dados censitários mostram que, no Brasil desde 1980, as taxas específicas de fecundidade diminuíram em todos os grupos etários (considerando o período reprodutivo da mulher 15-49 anos), exceto no segmento de 15-19 anos. O tema da gravidez na adolescência ganhou espaço na pesquisa e na mídia. Contudo, seu tratamento é permeado por uma série de suposições e de preconceitos. A ideia de que essa faixa etária não é apropriada para a reprodução é o ponto de partida para muitos trabalhos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar o contexto em que ocorre a gravidez entre os 15 e 19 anos. A partir dos dados da PNDS 2006, procuramos traçar um perfil das mulheres que engravidaram antes dos 20 anos. Para tanto abordamos temas como a iniciação sexual, o conhecimento dos métodos anticoncepcionais, o desejo e as percepções sobre a gravidez. Com o objetivo de investigar mais de perto as concepções de gênero e reprodução nesta faixa etária foi realizado também um trabalho de campo qualitativo entre os adolescentes do Programa de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Adolescente (PAISA), do município de Bragança Paulista (SP). Interessa avaliar os valores que estão em jogo no caso da gravidez considerada no senso comum - e até certo ponto pelas próprias adolescentes - como precoce
Abstract: Census data show that since 1980 the specific fertility rates in Brazil declined in all age groups (considering the reproductive period of women aged 15-49 years), except for the segment of 15-19 years. The issue of teenage pregnancy gained interest both from the media and from researchers. However, it is permeated by a series of assumptions and prejudices. The idea that this age group is not suitable for reproduction is the starting point for many analyses. This research aims to analyzing the context in which pregnancy occurs between 15 and 19 years. Based on 2006 PNDS data, we intend to outline a profile of women who became pregnant before the age of 20. For that we approach issues such as sexual initiation, knowledge of contraception, the desire and perceptions about pregnancy. A qualitative fieldwork among the adolescents of the Program of Integral Attention to Adolescent Health (Programa de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Adolescente - PAISA), in the city of Bragança Paulista (SP) has also been conducted. The intent was to investigate more closely the conceptions of gender and reproduction in this age group. To evaluate values at stake in the case of pregnancy considered as a too early experience both by common sense and, to some extent, by the very adolescents themselves has been a major interest
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestre em Demografia

22

Edwards, Ashley E. "Maternal Barriers to Childhood Vaccinations in Tanzania: An Examination of the 2004-2005 Demographic and Health Survey." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/147.

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Tanzania, one of many nations in Africa with high infant mortality to preventable diseases, continues to experience relatively low vaccination rates for childhood diseases. In this paper, we examine the maternal barriers to obtaining vaccines for their children in Tanzania. The risk and protective factors we analyzed include age of the mother and children, education level of the mother, number of children, maternal decision-making practices, power dynamics and others. Lack of control, limited decision practices, and decreased maternal empowerment were identified as key barriers to obtaining vaccines for children. Overall, this data is consistent with previous studies regarding barriers to vaccinations in Tanzania and other African nations.

23

Lu, Jyh-Cherng 1959. "The national survey of hospital pharmaceutical services in the Republic of China." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277927.

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A study of hospital pharmacy practice in the Republic of China was conducted in the Summer of 1987. The status of selected innovative pharmaceutical services and the attitudes of pharmacy directors toward developing and implementing those services were assessed. The innovative services were unit dose drug distribution, pharmacy-prepared i.v. admixtures, pharmacy computerization, drug information and clinical pharmacy services. A questionnaire was used to obtain data and information from a random sample of hospitals in Taiwan, R.O.C.. Most of selected services were performed in about 25% of the surveyed hospitals. The i.v. admixture program was performed by the lowest percent of general hospitals as compared to the other services in this study. Pharmacy directors indicated that their attitudes toward selected innovative pharmaceutical services in terms of seven possible effects or outcomes were positive, but the scores relating to the other professionals and operating expenses were neutral or negative.

24

Yan, Fengxia. "Racial Disparities Study in Diabetes-Related Complication Using National Health Survey Data." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/90.

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The main aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of diabetes-related complications in white to the prevalence in other racial and ethnic groups in United States using 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). By constructing the logistic regression model, odds ratios (OR) were calculated to compare the prevalence of diabetes complications in white and other groups. Compared to white, the prevalence of hypertension and stroke in African Americans were higher, while the prevalence of heart attack and coronary heart disease were lower. The Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders, African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to develop retinopathy compared to white. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart attack, coronary heart disease, Stroke in Native Americans and “other” group were not significantly different from the prevalence in white. Asian or Pacific Islanders were less likely to experience stroke.

25

Magezi, Alex. "Unmet need for contraception and its determinants among adolescent girls in Uganda: Findings from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31672.

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Introduction Worldwide, an estimated 16 million adolescents fall pregnant annually among these; at least three (3) million have unsafe abortions performed. Similarly, in sub-Sharan Africa more than 50% of the pregnancies in adolescents are unintended and of those, more than half of them end in unsafe abortions (Susheela Singh and Jacqueline E. Darroch & Darroch, 2012). 24% of adolescent females get pregnant annually in Uganda, and most of these are unwanted and unintended pregnancies (Atuyambe et al., 2015). These statistics indicate a problem of unmet need for contraception in Uganda, more so among adolescents, and this calls for more impact studies around adolescent unmet needs for contraception if the problem is to be meaningfully mitigated. Methods An explorative quantitative secondary data analysis study was conducted to determine the unmet need for contraception and its determinants among adolescent girls in Uganda, based on 2011 Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) data. Results Focusing exclusively on female adolescent’s aged 15- 19 years (n= 541), STATA software logistic regression was done to test a model on factors that are significantly associated with unmet needs in the target population of the study. A third (30%) of the study population reported having an unmet need for contraception; the study also revealed that the educational status of an adolescent girl was statistically significant (p=0.002) and related to unmet needs. Married adolescent girls were four times more likely to have unmet needs than those who were never in a union (OR=4.63; 95% CI: 2.06-10.39; p<0.001). Likewise, those adolescent girls who reported living with a partner were twice as likely to have a higher unmet need compared to those having no partners (OR=2.83; 95% CI: 1.30-6.16; p=0.009). Conclusion Any efforts to address the unmet need for contraception among adolescents in Uganda would need specific attention on factors influencing the uptake of family planning services, education, marital status and place of residence being key determinant factors.

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Maziarz, Lauren N. "A National Survey of Superintendents' Perceptions of Condom Availability in High Schools." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1416224534.

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27

Abdi, Ali Ahmed Yousra. "Factors associated with utilization of Antenatal Care in Zambia. : A secondary analysis of 2018 Zambia Demographic Health Survey." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422295.

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Background ANC comprises of trainings and treatments provided to promote a healthy pregnancy, labour and child delivery. Any complications or issues with pregnancy are identified during ANC visits. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the factors which affect the basic antenatal care utilization by women in Zambia and to give an overall view of the status of women in the country with the 2018 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS). Method After the correlations were found, bivariate logistic regression was done with all exposure variables against the dependent variable. A multivariate analysis was conducted with significant variable against the dependent variable, in order to find the association between the variables. Result The type of place of residence was significant as well as education which showed lower education was associated with lower basic ANC use. Wealth also demonstrated a negative association to basic ANC visits for poor and for the middle class. Working women had a higher likelihood of attending basic ANC along with those who attended ANC with a doctor and nurse or midwife. To not have a health insurance showed a lower likelihood to attend basic ANC visits Conclusion The study found that factors such as type of place of residence, education, wealth, occupation, health insurance coverage and ANC with doctor, midwife or nurse are associated with utilization of basic ANC in Zambia among women aged between 15-49.

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Taylor, Candace Regina. "A longitudinal survey of household factors in childhood injury : the national maternal and infant health survey 1988-1991 /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193272068374.

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29

Wilson, R. J. "A life course assessment of health management in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1574539/.

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As the UK population expands and adverse health increases with the ageing population, health care services are under pressure to meet demands. Thus, it is necessary to understand how individuals manage their health at different stages in adulthood and identify the health and social factors across life associated with different approaches to health management. Data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a British birth cohort study following 5362 individuals from birth to 68 years, were used to measure health management across adult life. Measures of health professional consultation at age 43, women’s management of symptoms and general health in midlife and health check attendance at age 68 were developed from the rich data archive. Associations were tested between health and social factors from childhood and adulthood (socioeconomic position, health, health care utilisation, lifestyle, personality and family support) and health management outcomes using multivariable regression models and structural equation modelling. Associations between measures of health management from earlier, mid and later adulthood were tested to explore patterns of health management across adult life. Childhood serious illness was associated with higher consultation at age 43 and with lower self-management in midlife and lower health check attendance in later life in women, although these associations largely operated through adult factors. Worse health in adulthood and more health care utilisation were associated with a higher likelihood of proactive health management approaches. Higher social class across life was associated with lower consultation, higher self-management and attending more health checks. Positive health behaviours were associated with higher levels of self-management and higher health check attendance. The correlates of health management differed between health challenges and life course stage. Proactive management of one health challenge was sometimes associated with the proactive management of another at a later stage in the life course. This suggests that whilst some individuals may have a greater propensity to proactively manage their health throughout adulthood by various means, other individuals may take little or no action when responding to health challenges; this group should be encouraged to better engage with proactive health management.

30

Wellage, Lynn C. "Headache in children : data from the 1988 child health supplement to the national health interview survey /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487947501137045.

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31

Peng, Jin. "Count Data Models for Injury Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365780835.

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Munjoma, Malvern. "Assessment of the robustness of recent births in estimating infant mortality using multi-country Demographic Health Survey data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13169.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation investigates the robustness of recent births in estimating infant mortality rates from the proportion of deaths observed among births reported in a 24month period. The Blacker Brass technique is applied to all births reported in the 24month period and to most recent births in the 24 month period. The study uses birth history data from 76 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 16 countries across the developing world between 1986 and 2011. All births (and the deaths of those births) occurring in five 2-year periods before each survey were extracted to obtain five estimates of infant mortality using the Blacker-Brass and direct estimation methods from each dataset. This allows trends in infant mortality for the 10-year period before the survey to be compared and relative errors to be calculated. The results showed a decline in infant mortality in most datasets and are consistent with the United Nations and the World Health Organisation 2013 estimates. The relative errors did not indicate any systematic bias of the Blacker-Brass method applied to all births; however, further investigations showed that the method underestimated infant mortality in the period closest to the survey date in most datasets. Furthermore, the relative errors were positively correlated with the directly estimated level of infant mortality. There were, however, no significant differences in the relative errors across countries.

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Lopez, Alana D. "The relationship between continuing professional development and demographic characteristics, professional practices, and employment conditions of school psychologists." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001933.

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34

Landry, Lisa M. "Development and exploration of a multidimensional measure of pregnancy desire from the national survey of family growth." Thesis, The University of Texas School of Public Health, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568473.

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In the United States, half of all pregnancies are classified as unintended. This measure fails to capture the complexity of cognitive and affective processes that result in conflicted or ambivalent attitudes toward pregnancy. Accurately measuring women's reproductive plans is essential for providing appropriate interventions to improve maternal-child health. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of pregnancy ambivalence by estimating a multidimensional measure of pregnancy desire in the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth data, and to examine the social and demographic characteristics associated with pregnancy ambivalence. For each female participant reporting exactly one live birth within a three-year time period (n = 2,298), a pregnancy desire score was calculated from five existing survey items. Weighted mean pregnancy desire scores were calculated for levels of the following covariates: maternal age, race, marital status, educational level, income, employment status, and birth order. Weighted multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between pregnancy desire and the same covariates. On a 0–100 scale, the mean pregnancy desire score was 68.7 (standard error 1.0). Pregnancy desire scores were highest for married, highly educated non-Hispanic White women between the ages of 35 and 39, with income greater than 300% of the federal poverty level, giving birth to their second child. After controlling for covariates, Hispanic women had a mean pregnancy desire score five points higher than non-Hispanic White women, and the difference in pregnancy desire score for a first birth versus a second birth was not statistically significant. The distribution of pregnancy desire score revealed that about one-quarter of pregnancies are highly desired, highlighting the large number of women with conflicting or ambivalent feelings about their pregnancies. Further research to explore alternatives to the traditional measure of pregnancy intention is warranted.

35

Zemanovich, Mark Roy. "Demographic Variables Affecting Patient Referrals from General Practice Dentists to Periodontists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1382.

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BackgroundWithin dentistry, a limited body of literature exists regarding the referral relationships between general practitioners (GPs) and specialists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the referral relationship between GPs and periodontists within the state of Virginia. MethodsA survey focused on the demographic variables in the referral relationship between GPs and periodontists was developed. The survey was mailed to 800 dentists throughout the state of Virginia. Descriptive statistics was completed along with multivariate logistic regression analysis comparing the responses with the number of patients referred per month to a periodontist. ResultsFemale respondents were more likely to refer three or more patients per month to a periodontist than a male respondent (pConclusion This study indicates that four demographic variables have a statistical influence on the number of referrals per month from a GP to a periodontist. These variables are: female gender, practicing with one other dentist, employing two or more hygienists, and being greater than five miles away from the nearest periodontist.

36

Dini, Samira. "Women's Empowerment a Determinant for Contraceptive use among women in Ethiopia : A secondary analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey from 2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421621.

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Ethiopia has one of the largest populations in the world, an estimate of 114 million inhabitants. With more than 40% of the population below the age of 15 the country has to make further progress in meeting its family planning needs. The fertility rate has slowly declined, but the population continues to grow. Efforts to reduce gender disparities and empower women have fallen short in many parts of the world. Evidence suggesting a link between women’s empowerment, health outcomes and health care service utilization. A secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the association between women’s empowerment, sociodemographic and reproductive factors and contraceptive use among married women and women living with partner aged 15-49 in Ethiopia. Logistic regression, bivariate, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Decision-making role in regard to husband’s money was a strong predictor for contraceptive use. Women who alone or jointly made decision were more likely to use contraceptives. The state of wealth of women was a significant determinant for contraceptive use. Those with lower education were more likely to use contraceptives compared to those with higher education. Women who did not intend to have more children were more likely to use contraceptives. This study showed that contraceptive use is associated with women’s economic decision-making age, and several sociodemographic and reproductive factors. Improving women’s empowerment, through decision making power can improve contraceptive use and therefore achieve better maternal health.

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Friedrich, Allison. "School-Based Mental Health Services: A National Survey of School Psychologists’ Practices and Perceptions." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3549.

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This study explored the current role of school psychologists in the provision of school-based mental health services, including factors that relate to their provision of such services, by surveying a national sample of practicing school psychologists. Despite an extensive knowledge base regarding which professional services school psychologists provide in general, few studies have focused exclusively on specific modalities of mental health services. Previous lines of research also have not fully identified why school psychologists do not spend as much of their professional time in the provision of mental health services as they would desire. Therefore, a central purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which specific factors are perceived as facilitating or prohibiting practitioners from providing psychotherapeutic interventions, including content/knowledge areas and training experiences that are tied to high perceptions of competence to provide mental health services in the schools. Mail out survey methodology was utilized to allow for data collection from a large, national sample of school psychologists in a timely and cost efficient manner. In total, surveys were completed and returned by 226 out of a possible 600 respondents, representing a 37.7% response rate. School psychologists reported receiving referrals for a variety of student issues (although primarily externalizing student behaviors, academic problems, and interpersonal problems) and providing a wide array of mental health services (e.g., consultation, social-emotional-behavioral assessment, individual counseling). Factors identified as posing significant to moderate potential barriers included caseload constraints, role strain, school-level factors (e.g., inconsistent treatment), and systems-level factors (e.g., insufficient funds for services from district administration). The highest rated facilitators to school-based mental health service provision involved personal characteristics (e.g., personal desire to provide mental health services), having adequate training and confidence, and school-related factors (e.g., availability consult with other mental health professionals). Important training preparation included a variety of didactic content areas (e.g., social-emotional behavioral assessment, consultation with teachers and parents) and many of the applied graduate training activities and professional development activities included in the current survey. Implications for future research and practice are presented, specifically related to the training and professional development needs of school psychologists.

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Mandge, Vishal Arunbhai. "Beverage Consumption and Hypertension: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2023.

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The study sample was comprised of 18,953 subjects aged 18 years and older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Preference for diet soda over regular soda was higher in females as compared to males and in Caucasians as compared to other races. Mean alcohol consumption was almost three times higher in males than in females. Undiagnosed hypertension was more common in males than in females, in 65-90 than in 50-64 year olds, and in people with less than high school education compared to those with higher education. Diastolic pressure was correlated with the level of consumption of diet soda, coffee, tea, and alcohol. Diet soda and alcohol consumption had a statistically significant positive relationship with hypertension even after adjusting for demographic variables and body mass index. The study provides useful information of the patterns of beverage uses and the prevalence of hypertension in the United States.

39

Archer, Gemma Anne. "Lifetime affective symptoms and mortality in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1558301/.

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This thesis investigated associations between lifetime affective symptoms and mortality in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD; the British 1946 birth cohort). Affective symptoms were initially rated by teachers when study members were aged 13 and 15; then by semi-structured clinical interview at age 36 using the Present State Examination (PSE); the interview-based Psychiatric Frequency Questionnaire at age 43; and the self-report 28-item General Health Questionnaire at age 53. Mortality data including cause of death was obtained from the NHS Central Register. Follow-up time was from ages of exposure to end of October 2014 (age 68). A wide range of covariates were tested, including sex; early life factors; adult health indicators and health behaviours; psychotropic medication; stressful life events, and social factors. Cox regression showed that after adjustment for sex, severe affective symptoms were associated with an increased risk of mortality compared to those with no or mild symptoms across most ages. There was evidence of an accumulation effect where the risk of mortality increased as affective caseness increased. Adolescent-only, intermittent and chronic caseness were associated with increased risk of mortality compared to those who were never a case. There was a slightly stronger association between affective caseness and cardiovascular mortality compared to cancer mortality; however the strongest associations appeared to be with respect to deaths from ‘other’ causes. After full adjustment, those who were a case at a single point in time and those with adolescent-only caseness had a 46% and 73% increased risk of mortality respectively, compared to those who were never a case. All other associations were largely explained by the covariates, with most relationships attenuated predominantly by self-reported health conditions, physical activity, lung function, smoking, and psychotropic medication use. These results demonstrate the inherent interplay between affective symptoms and physical health, and highlight the importance of early intervention in order to reduce health inequalities.

40

Ali, Munazzah. "Association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. A secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017-18." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413215.

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Abstract It is estimated that about 22% of all births in Pakistan are low birth weight (<2500g), representing approximately 198,000 births per year. One of the major causes of low birth weight is maternal anemia. In Pakistan approximately 52% of pregnant women are anemic and one of the most common cause of maternal anemia is soil-transmitted helminthic infection. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is endemic in Pakistan carries the highest burden of infection in Eastern Mediterranean region. Despite the recommendations deworming the mother during pregnancy is not being commonly practiced in routine antenatal care. We hypothesized that there is an association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. For this study, cross sectional analysis of secondary data from the latest Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS conducted in 2017-18 and released in 2019) was done. Total N=1403 mother and child were included, logistic regression was used to determine the association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. We found no statistically significant association [aOR 0.63, 95% CI (0.21-1.83)] between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. Moreover the mothers who belonged to higher socioeconomic status [aOR 0.41, 95% CI (0.22- .76)] and attained higher education [aOR 0.55, 95% CI (0.34- .87)] had reduced odds of having a new born with low birth weight compared to newborn of the women from low socioeconomic status and had no education, respectively. Further research is needed to explore effectiveness of deworming during pregnancy at population level.

41

ALHarthi, Shatha Subhi Y. "Association Between Smoking and Periodontitis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2012." Thesis, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602450.

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Aim & Hypothesis: The experimental aims of the study were to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to test and confirm the following hypotheses: 1) Characterize the periodontal condition among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers, 2) Analyze the association of time since quitting smoking and the periodontal condition among former smokers as a function of smoking history, 3) Analyze the association of duration of smoking and the periodontal condition among current smokers as a function of smoking history.

Materials & Methods: This study analyzed data collected in the NHANES 2012 survey and included respondents for whom a periodontal exam and smoking status were obtained. Aim 1 was a descriptive analysis were used to characterize the sample. For Aim 2, unconditional logistic regression was conducted with time since quitting as the exposure and presence of periodontitis as the outcome, and included adjustment for confounders. Aim 3 analyses also used unconditional logistic regression, but included only current smokers, with duration of smoking habit as the exposure and periodontitis status as the outcome, adjusted for confounders.

Results: Smoking status was statistically significantly associated with periodontal status (chi-square p < 0.0001). Among former smokers, after adjusting for confounders, each additional year since quitting smoking was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis by 2.5%. Among current smokers, duration of smoking was not statistically significantly associated with periodontal status.

Conclusions: Rates of periodontitis were highest in current smokers, lower in former smokers, and lowest in never smokers. Among former smokers, longer time since quitting was associated with lower likelihood of periodontitis. Among current smokers, the duration of smoking was not associated with likelihood of periodontitis. These findings support the notion that dental practitioners have a public health mandate to help their periodontal patients quit smoking. Future research should determine the best strategies for facilitating smoking cessation in dental patients.

42

Mohammed, Raji Tajudeen. "Assessment of factors associated with incomplete immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4989.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Ethiopia has achieved its target for Millennium Development Goal 4 by recording 69 %reduction in its under-five mortality. The proportion of fully immunized children in Ethiopia has increased from 14 % in 2000 to 24 % in 2011. Though progress has been made, about 3 out of 4 children still remain incompletely immunized. The purpose of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with incomplete immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. This study is based on secondary analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Information on 1,889 mothers of children aged 12–23 months were extracted from the children dataset. Records from vaccination cards and mothers’ self-reported data were used to determine vaccine coverage. The association between child immunization status and determinants of non-utilization of immunization services was assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of incompletely immunized children is 70.9%. Children of mothers from the poor (AOR = 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.34 – 3.82) wealth quintile were more likely to be incompletely immunized. Children of mothers from Affar (AOR = 15.80; 95 % CI: 7.12 – 35.03), Amhara (AOR = 4.27; 95 %CI: 2.31 – 7.88), Oromiya (AOR = 8.10; 95 % CI: 4.60 – 14.25), Somali (AOR = 4.91;95 % CI: 2.65 – 9.10), Benishangul-Gumuz (AOR = 4.20; 95% CI: 2.34 – 7.57),Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ (AOR = 4.76; 95 % CI: 2.53 – 8.94), Gambela (AOR = 7.75; 95 % CI: 3.68 – 16.30) and Harari (AOR = 3.22; 95 % CI: 1.77 –5.89) regions were more likely to be incompletely immunized. Mothers with inadequate exposure to media (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.21 – 2.14), who are not aware of community conversation programme (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.40 – 2.32) and who attended no antenatal care (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.72 – 2.83) were more likely to have incompletely immunized children. Despite efforts to increase rates of childhood immunization, the proportion of children with incomplete immunization in Ethiopia is considerably high. Therefore, targeted interventions at the identified socio-demographic factors are needed to increase immunization rates.

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McKinney, Molly A. "Perceptions and Practices of University Sexual Violence Prevention Activities Coordinators: A National Survey." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493300384763405.

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Chan, Tol. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Frequency vs. BMI: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/186.

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Objective: Over the past several decades, increase in SSB consumption has coincided with increasing rates of obesity. This study evaluated the association between SSB consumption and BMI. Methods: FFQ data from NHANES 2003-2004 was used to examine 100% orange juice, sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, soft drinks, and other beverage consumption frequency vs. mean BMI. ANOVA, relative risk, and linear regression analyses were done. Results: ANOVA found significant differences in mean BMI across consumption frequencies for orange juice (p=.001), sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (p<.001), and soft drinks (p<.001). Increased risk of being obese was associated with increasing consumption frequency for orange juice (RR=1.282), sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (RR=1.417), and soft drinks (RR=1.749). Multiple linear regression found significant positive associations between mean BMI and sugar-sweetened fruit drinks (b=.056, p=.004) and soft drinks (b=.134, p=.001). Conclusion: This study found that mean BMI was positively associated with certain beverage consumption frequency (sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, soft drinks consumed during summer, soft drinks consumed during rest of year), but not others (100% orange juice). Fewer significant results were found when confounding variables were controlled. Drinking soft drinks or sugar-sweetened fruit drinks increased the risk of obesity more than drinking natural fruit juices.

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Gaidhane, Monica. "Association between Obesity and Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Results from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1988.

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Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important medical problems in the U.S. and is considered to be an epidemic with over 30% of the population being obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and a shorter life expectancy. Recent studies have shown that higher BMI levels are also significantly associated with several lifetime mental disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders as well as panic attacks and panic disorders. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which higher BMI increased the likelihood of Depression, Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder and to observe if co-morbid illnesses such as Hypertension and Diabetes affect this association. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. There were 20,593 adult respondents (over 18 years of age) who were included in the study. Logistic regression models were weighted to account for the complex weighting scheme. Main Determinant measures: Based on their BMI, the participants were classified into 5 groups: Underweight (BMI <18.50), Normal Weight (BMI 18.50 – 24.99), Overweight (BMI 25.00 – 29.99), Obese (BMI 30.00-39.99) and Morbidly Obese (BMI > 40.00). Main Outcome Measures: Presence or absence of Depression, Anxiety Disorder or Panic Disorder based on self-report. Results: People who were obese or morbidly obese had higher odds of suffering from depression, anxiety disorder and panic disorder compared to people who were normal weight. Obese individuals were 35% as likely to suffer from depression, 22% as likely to suffer from anxiety disorder and 36% as likely to suffer from panic disorder relative to normal weight persons. Morbidly obese people were 85% as likely to suffer from depression, 27% as likely to suffer from anxiety disorder and 34% as likely to suffer from panic disorder. No interactions were observed based on the presence of hypertension or diabetes. Conclusion: Obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder and panic disorder. With obesity rates steadily increasing, understanding the impact of obesity on the occurrence of mental disorders is important.

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Jackson, Theresa Katherine. "Examining evidence of reliability and validity of mental health indicators on a revised national survey measuring college student health." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8259.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Garcés-Palacio, Isabel Cristina. "Impact of health care coverage and other socio-demographic variables on the follow-up of cervical cancer screening among Colombian women." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/garces.pdf.

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Backlund, Anna. "Maternal health care in Rwanda and its associations to early neonatal mortality. : A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2014-2015." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324174.

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Background: Neonate’s health is intimately linked to maternal health. Yearly approximately 2.8 million neonatal deaths occur worldwide, counting for more than 40 % of all deaths of children less than five years. Over 70 % of these deaths happen during the first week of life (early neonatal mortality), often the first day, and 99% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries with an often low quality of maternal health care services. Aim: To assess societal and household factors, and maternal health care factors delivered in Rwanda, and how these were associated with early neonatal mortality Methods: Cross-sectional data of interviewed mothers to 7726 children between 2010 to 2014, obtained from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, were analyzed in relation to early neonatal mortality using multiple logistic regression. Results: The factors found to be associated with reduced risk of early neonatal mortality were: delivery at a health facility, delivery assisted by a skilled birth attendant, and no low birth weight neonates. After adjustment with socioeconomic and proximate determinants, the same associations were found with delivery at a health facility and no low birth weight neonates. Conclusions: Delivery at a health facility and not to be born of low birth weight were associated with risk reduction of early neonatal mortality. These findings indicate that interventions to strengthen the antenatal health care system and to increase the utilization of already existing health care services are needed, and to educate practicing professional health care workers about early neonatal mortality.

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Post, Kathryn E. "Understanding Patient Engagement in Breast Cancer Survivorship Care: A National Web-Based Survey." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108398.

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Thesis advisor: Jane Flanagan
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer survivors experience a range of needs in the post-treatment phase as they transition into survivorship and beyond. The transition to survivorship requires breast cancer survivors to actively engage in self-managing their care, but little is known about patient engagement into survivorship care and what factors may contribute to this. Information is needed to further explore patient engagement into survivorship care, what factors may contribute to it and which patients are more likely to engage in their care and thus be better equipped to self-manage during survivorship. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore how demographic/personal factors and survivorship outcomes are related to and may contribute to patient engagement in early stage breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based self-report national survey was conducted using measures assessing personal/demographic factors, survivorship outcomes: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), cancer health literacy (CHL) and two measures of patient engagement (patient activation (PA) and knowing participation in change (KPC). There was one open-ended question regarding additional survivorship concerns, not addressed in the previous survey items. Participants were recruited using Dr. Susan Love’s Army of Women Research Foundation and Craigslist. Data were analyzed via bivariate associations and backwards linear regression modeling in SPSS. RESULTS: The final sample included 303 participants (301 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 50.70 years. The sample was predominantly White, non-Hispanic and equally dispersed across the United States. Patient engagement, as represented by PA and KPC, was significantly correlated with 13 predictor variables and there were 10 predictor variables that resulted in significant ANOVA relationships with PA and KPC. In both the KPC and PA regression models, HRQOL significantly predicted for patient engagement. In the KPC regression model, social support and level of education also significantly predicted for patient engagement and receipt of a survivorship care plan contributed unique variance to the model. The open-ended question response categories included: physical concerns, mental health concerns, financial toxicity, social support, body image concerns, other concerns or no concerns/none. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that personal/demographic factors and survivorship outcomes may contribute to patient engagement in breast cancer survivors. Using assessment tools that measure factors such as HRQOL, social support, education level and patient engagement may give providers some insight as to which survivors may be ready to engage in survivorship care and those that may need more resources and/or support. Additional studies are needed to replicate and validate these results. More research is needed aimed at maximizing patient-centered care, patient engagement and ultimately improving SC. Keywords: breast cancer survivor, survivorship, patient engagement, health-related quality of life, social support
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing

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SSERWANJA, QURAISH. "Socio-economic determinants of undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Uganda: a secondary analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic health survey." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396316.

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Background Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life. Women have an increased risk of undernutrition than men. Undernutrition can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and intergeneration cycle of undernutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and the associated socio-economic determinants among adult women of reproductive age in Uganda. Methods A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 4,640 non-pregnant and non-post-partum women aged 20 to 49 were analyzed. Two stage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between socio-economic determinants and stunting and underweight using weighted data in SPSS version 24. Results The prevalence of underweight and stunting were 6.9% and 1.3% respectively. Women who belonged to middle (aOR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.25-4.99), poorer (aOR = 3.07, 95%CI 1.57–5.97) and poorest wealth index (aOR = 3.60, 95% CI 1.85–7.00) were more likely to be underweight compared to the richest. Belonging to rural residence (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.96), Western (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44), Eastern (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and Central regions (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.72) was associated with less odds of being underweight. Region was the only variable significantly associated with stunting. Wealth index was not significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition in Uganda among women is less compared to most of the neighboring countries. There is need to address the socio-economic determinants including poverty, residence and reducing regional inequalities.

Дисертації з теми "National demographic health survey"

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