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1
Hydara, Abba, Andrew Bastawrous, Suzannah Bell, Dorothy Boggs, Tess Bright, Hannaa Bobat, Julian Eaton, et al. "The Gambia National Eye Health Survey 2019: survey protocol." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 21, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16531.1.
Анотація:
Two national surveys of vision impairment and blindness were undertaken in The Gambia in 1986 and 1996. These provided data for the inception of The Gambia’s National Eye Health Programme (NEHP) within the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. There have been important developments in the eye health services provided by the NEHP in the last 20 years. At the same time, the population has also undergone major demographic changes that may have led to substantial changes in the burden of eye disease. We conducted a National Eye Health Survey of vision impairment, blindness and its comorbidities in adults in The Gambia in 2019. We examined a nationally representative population-based sample of adults 35 years and above to permit direct comparison with the data available from the previous surveys. Alongside a comprehensive vision and eye examination, the survey provides nationally representative data on important comorbidities in this population: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hearing impairment, disability and mental health. Secondly, it estimates access to assistive technologies and eye health services. Thirdly, it is powered to allow a five-year follow up cohort study to measure the incidence and progression of eye disease.
2
Lauer, Eric Andrew, and Andrew J. Houtenville. "Estimates of prevalence, demographic characteristics and social factors among people with disabilities in the USA: a cross-survey comparison." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e017828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017828.
Анотація:
ObjectiveA national priority for disability research in the USA is the standardised identification of people with disabilities in surveillance efforts. Mandated by federal statute, six dichotomous difficulty-focused questions were implemented in national surveys to identify people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, demographic characteristics and social factors among people with disabilities based on these six questions using multiple national surveys in the USA.SettingAmerican Community Survey (ACS), Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS-ASEC), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP).ParticipantsCivilian, non-institutionalised US residents aged 18 and over from the 2009 to 2014 ACS, 2009 to 2014 CPS-ASEC, 2009 to 2014 NHIS and 2008 SIPP waves 3, 7 and 10.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDisability was assessed using six standardised questions asking people about hearing, vision, cognition, ambulatory, self-care and independent living disabilities. Social factors were assessed with questions asking people to report their education, employment status, family size, health and marital status, health insurance and income.ResultsRisk ratios and demographic distributions for people with disabilities were consistent across survey. People with disabilities were at decreased risk of having college education, employment, families with three or more people, excellent or very good self-reported health and a spouse. People with disabilities were also consistently at greater risk of having health insurance and living below the poverty line. Estimates of disability prevalence varied between surveys from 2009 to 2014 (range 11.76%–17.08%).ConclusionReplicating the existing literature, we found the estimation of disparities and inequity people with disabilities experience to be consistent across survey. Although there was a range of prevalence estimates, demographic factors for people with disabilities were consistent across surveys. Variations in prevalence estimates can be explained by survey context effects.
3
Bell, Ronny A., Cynthia Suerken, Sara A. Quandt, Joseph G. Grzywacz, Wei Lang, and Thomas A. Arcury. "Prayer for Health Among U.S. Adults: The 2002 National Health Interview Survey." Complementary health practice review 10, no. 3 (October 2005): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210105285445.
Анотація:
Data for the United States is limited on prayer for health, including associations with other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The 2002 National Health Interview Survey and Alternative Health Supplement data were examined for associations between prayer for health and demographic, health, and CAM use characteristics. Forty-five percent of adults reported some form of prayer for health. Use of prayer for health was associated with increasing age, ethnic minority status, lower socioeconomic status, southern/midwestern U.S. region, poorer health, and use of most forms of CAM. These data provide information about prayer for health in the United States. Further research could examine associations between prayer for health and healthrelated decisions, behaviors, and outcomes.
4
Wazir, Asif, and Anne Goujon. "Exploratory Assessment of the Census of Pakistan Using Demographic Analysis." Journal of Official Statistics 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 719–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2021-0032.
Анотація:
Abstract In 2017, Pakistan implemented a long-awaited population census since the last one conducted in 1998. However, several experts are contesting the validity of the census data at the sub-national level, particularly in the absence of a post-enumeration survey. We propose in this article to use demographic analysis to assess the results of the 2017 census at the sub-national level, using data from the 1998 census, from all available intercensal surveys, including three rounds of Demographic and Health Survey. Applying the cohort-component method of population projection, we subject each five first-level subnational entities to estimates regarding the level of fertility, mortality, international, and internal migration derived from the analysis of the existing data. We arrive at approximately similar results as the census at the national level: an estimated 210 million (95% CI: 203.4–218.9) compared to 207.8 million counted (1.1% difference). However, we found substantial sub-national variations. While there are too many uncertainties in the data used for the reconstruction to be fully confident about them, this analysis should prompt the national and the international community to ensure that a post-enumeration survey and demographic analysis are regular features of census operations of Pakistan in particular, and in developing countries with deficient data as a whole.
5
Katyal, Sonal. "Patterns of Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Haryana, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.29.
Анотація:
Background: Despite being a relatively smaller state, Haryana’s per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high. The statistical data on the status of women has a different story to share. Objective: This study analyzes the maternal healthcare situation in Haryana to examine the differential in utilization of maternal health care service i.e. antenatal care on the basis of socio economic and socio demographic indicators such as Women’s age at Birth, Birth order, Education, Residence, Religion, Wealth index and Caste. Methodology: The present study uses the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data which is similar to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS collects, disseminates national data on health and population in developing countries. Findings: Indicate that economic status, husband’s education and caste have effect on the utilization of antenatal care services. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates several socio economic and demographic factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in Haryana. Efforts need to be taken at community and household level to improve utilization. Abbreviations: NFHS- National Family Health Survey; DHS- Demographic and Health Surveys; MDG- Millennium Development Goals; SC/ST-Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; WHO-World Health Organization; MOHFW- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; ANM – Auxiliary Nurse Midwife; VIF – Variance Inflation Factor; OBC- Other Backward Classes; ANC- Antenatal Care; TBA – Trained Birth Attendant
6
Min, Jong, Siyon Rhee, Phu Phan, Jessica Rhee, and Thanh Tran. "Health of Older Asian Americans in California: Findings from the California Health Interview Survey." Aging 6, no. 2 (2008): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus6.2_17-44_wonetal.
Анотація:
Health studies on older Asian Americans based on national and statewide representative data are scarce. This study examined subgroup differences in demographic, socioeconomic and general health status, health conditions, and access to health care services among five groups of Asian Americans aged 60 or older (Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), using data from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. Significant differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, chronic conditions, and coverage and use of health care services were found in the five groups, indicating the complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of older Asian American populations. Practice and research implications are discussed.
7
Konstantyner, Tulio, Thais Cláudia Roma Oliveira, and José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei. "Risk Factors for Anemia among Brazilian Infants from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey." Anemia 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/850681.
Анотація:
Iron deficiency is an important public health problem. An understanding of anemia risk factors is essential to informed health policies. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,382 infants from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Mild and moderate anemia was characterised by hemoglobin levels below 11.0 and 9.5 g/dL, respectively. Rates for mild and moderate anemia were 25.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The logistic model included three risk factors for mild anemia—urban residence area (OR=2.5;P=0.004), fever in the past 2 weeks (OR=2.4;P<0.001), and age less than 12 months (OR=1.7;P=0.024). Strategies to control infant anemia should include health promotion and nutritional education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Lifestyle quality improvement based on adequate food consumption must be achieved by communities in all macroregions, and especially in urban areas.
8
Calixte, Rose, Argelis Rivera, Olutobi Oridota, William Beauchamp, and Marlene Camacho-Rivera. "Social and Demographic Patterns of Health-Related Internet Use Among Adults in the United States: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 6856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186856.
Анотація:
National surveys of U.S. adults have observed significant increases in health-related internet use (HRIU), but there are documented disparities. The study aims to identify social and demographic patterns of health-related internet use among U.S. adults. Using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 4 cycle 3 and HINTS 5 cycle 1, we examined HRIU across healthcare, health information seeking, and participation on social media. Primary predictors were gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, income, and nativity with adjustments for smoking and survey year. We used multivariable logistic regression with survey weights to identify independent predictors of HRIU. Of the 4817 respondents, 43% had used the internet to find a doctor; 80% had looked online for health information. Only 20% had used social media for a health issue; 7% participated in an online health support group. In multivariable models, older and low SES participants were significantly less likely to use the internet to look for a provider, use the internet to look for health information for themselves or someone else, and less likely to use social media for health issues. Use of the internet for health-related purposes is vast but varies significantly by demographics and intended use.
9
Liu, Chieh-Yu, and Jih-Shin Liu. "Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Associated With Health Care Choices in Taiwan." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2009): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539509352024.
Анотація:
By using the data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey and the National Heath Insurance database in Taiwan, this study aims at investigating the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with different health care choices. This study incorporated hierarchical cluster analysis into multiple correspondent analysis to determine 5 attribute clusters of socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with different health care choices. This study found that older women with higher education levels were more likely to choose multiple sources of health care and that low- to middle-income people were more likely to use over-the-counter medications in pharmacies. In addition, people’s self-reported health care choices were inconsistent with their observed health care seeking behavior. The health policy authority may need to provide more health promotion education programs, especially for older women with higher educational levels, and funding incentives for quality of care provided rather than relying solely on reimbursements for episodic care.
10
Jaafar, Norrafizah, Komathi Perialathan, Manimaran Krishnan, Nurashma Juatan, Masitah Ahmad, Teresa Yong Sui Mien, Kamarul Zaman Salleh, et al. "Malaysian Health Literacy: Scorecard Performance from a National Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115813.
Анотація:
Health literacy is an indicator of a society’s ability to make better health judgements for themselves and the people around them. This study investigated the prevalence of health literacy among Malaysian adults and provided an overall picture of the society’s current health literacy status, which has not been previously assessed. The study also highlighted socio-demographic markers of communities with limited health literacy that may warrant future intervention. A population-based self-administered survey using the Health Literacy Survey Malaysian Questionnaire18 (HLS-M-Q18) instrument was conducted as part of the National Health Morbidity Survey 2019 in Malaysia. The nationwide survey utilized a two-staged stratified random sampling method. A sample of 9478 individuals aged 18 and above, drawn from the living quarter list, participated in the study. The health literacy score was divided into three levels; limited, sufficient, and excellent. Findings showed a majority of the Malaysian population had a sufficient health literacy level in all three domains—healthcare, diseases prevention and health promotion (49.1%, 44.2%, and 47.5%, respectively)—albeit leaning towards the lower end of the category with an average score of 35.5. The limited health literacy groups were prevalent among respondents with older age (68%), lower education level (64.8%), and lower household income (49.5%). The overall health literacy status for Malaysia was categorized at a lower sufficiency level. Future health literacy improvements should focus on communities with a limited health literacy level to improve the overall score.
11
Hahn, Robert A., Scott F. Wetterhall, George A. Gay, Dorothy S. Harshbarger, Carol A. Burnett, Roy Gibson Parrish, and Richard J. Orend. "The recording of demographic information on death certificates: a national survey of funeral directors." Public Health Reports 117, no. 1 (January 2002): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50106-1.
12
Steyn, K. "The medication pattern used by South African hypertensives. The 1st national demographic and health survey." American Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 11 (November 2001): A118—A119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02124-0.
13
Rashad, Ahmed Shoukry, and Mesbah Fathy Sharaf. "Economic Growth and Child Malnutrition in Egypt: New Evidence from National Demographic and Health Survey." Social Indicators Research 135, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 769–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1515-y.
14
Emanuel, Amber S., Jennifer L. Howell, Jennifer M. Taber, Rebecca A. Ferrer, William MP Klein, and Peter R. Harris. "Spontaneous self-affirmation is associated with psychological well-being: Evidence from a US national adult survey sample." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643595.
Анотація:
Emerging evidence suggests that individuals spontaneously self-affirm, by reflecting on values and strengths, in response to daily threats. We examined the prevalence and demographic and well-being correlates of spontaneous self-affirmation in the general population. Participants ( n = 3185) completed the cross-sectional, nationally representative 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 4, Cycle 3), and answered questions about spontaneous self-affirmation, demographic factors, well-being, and affect. The majority of the population reported spontaneously self-affirming. Black and Hispanic respondents reported engaging in more spontaneous self-affirmation. Engaging in spontaneous self-affirmation was related to greater happiness, hopefulness, optimism, subjective health, and personal health efficacy, and less anger and sadness.
15
Yang, Min, Jeremy Coid, and Peter Tyrer. "Personality pathology recorded by severity: national survey." British Journal of Psychiatry 197, no. 3 (September 2010): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078956.
Анотація:
BackgroundCurrent classifications of personality disorders do not classify severity despite clinical practice favouring such descriptions.AimsTo assess whether an existing measure of severity of personality disorder predicted clinical pathology and societal dysfunction in a community sample.MethodUK national epidemiological study in which personality status was measured using the screening version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Personality Disorders (SCID–II) and reclassified to five levels using a modified severity index. Associations between levels of severity of personality pathology and social, demographic and clinical variables were measured.ResultsOf 8391 individuals interviewed and their personality status assessed, only a minority (n = 1933, 23%) had no personality pathology. The results supported the hypothesis. More severe personality pathology was associated incrementally with younger age, childhood institutional care, expulsion from school, contacts with the criminal justice system, economic inactivity, more Axis I pathology and greater service contact (primary care and secondary care, all P<0.001). Significant handicap was noted among people with even low levels of personality pathology. No differences contradicted the main hypothesis.ConclusionsA simple reconstruction of the existing classification of personality disorder is a good predictor of social dysfunction and supports the development of severity measures as a critical requirement in both DSM–V and ICD–11 classifications.
16
Gottschlich, Anna, Pamela Ochoa, Alvaro Rivera-Andrade, Christian S. Alvarez, Carlos Mendoza Montano, Claudia Camel, and Rafael Meza. "Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Guatemala: a quantitative analysis using data from the Guatemala Demographic and Health Surveys." International Journal of Public Health 65, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01319-9.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives Examine the association between commonly reported barriers to health care, including discordant spoken languages between patients and providers, and reported previous cervical cancer screening. Methods Data from the nationally representative Guatemala National Maternal and Child Health Survey from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program were used to explore associations between barriers and screening rates nationwide and in high-risk populations, such as rural and indigenous communities. Negative binomial regressions were run accounting for survey sample weights to calculate prevalence ratios. Results 64.0%, 57.5% and 47.5% of women reported ever screening, in the overall, indigenous, and rural populations, respectively. Overall, never screened for cervical cancer was associated with the following health barriers: needing permission, cost, distance, not wanting to go alone, and primary language not spoken by health providers, even after adjustment for age, ethnicity, and literacy. Conclusions Offering screening programs alone is not enough to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Guatemala. Measures need to be taken to reduce barriers to health care, particularly in rural areas, where screening rates are lowest.
17
Bruce, Liana DesHarnais, Joshua S. Wu, Stuart L. Lustig, Daniel W. Russell, and Douglas A. Nemecek. "Loneliness in the United States: A 2018 National Panel Survey of Demographic, Structural, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 8 (June 16, 2019): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119856551.
Анотація:
Purpose: To inform health behavior intervention design, we sought to quantify loneliness and its correlates, including social media use, among adults in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional research panel questionnaire. Setting: Responses were gathered from individuals in all 50 states surveyed via Internet from February 2018 to March 2018. Participants: A total of 20 096 US panel respondents aged 18+. Measures: The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (theoretical score range = 20-80) was administered along with demographic, structural, cognitive, and behavioral items. Analysis: After calibrating the sample to population norms, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: The overall mean survey-weighted loneliness score was 44.03 (standard error = 0.09). Social support (standardized β [sβ] = −0.19) and meaningful daily interactions (sβ = −0.14) had the strongest associations with lower loneliness, along with reporting good relationships, family life, physical and mental health, friendships, greater age, being in a couple, and balancing one’s daily time. Social anxiety was most strongly associated with greater loneliness (sβ = +0.20), followed by self-reported social media overuse (sβ = +0.05) and daily use of text-based social media (sβ = +0.03). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that loneliness decreases with age, and that being in a relationship as well as everyday behavioral factors in people’s control are most strongly related to loneliness. Population health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving social support, decreasing social anxiety, and promoting healthy daily behaviors.
18
Raut, Manoj Kumar. "Socio-demographic determinants of vitamin A supplementation in Bangladesh: evidence from two rounds of Bangladesh demographic and health surveys, 2007 and 2011." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 3 (February 24, 2018): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180775.
Анотація:
Background: Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, Vitamin A deficiency among children 6-59 months has remained just about stagnant at 20.5 per cent as per the latest Bangladesh National Micronutrient Status Survey 2011-12 declining by a meagre 1.2 per cent from 21.7 per cent in 1997 (IPHN/HKI, 1997). Alarmingly, there is an absolute decline of 24 percentage points in VAS supplementation from 2007 to 2011 according to the Bangladesh Demographic & Health Surveys (BDHS). The current status of vitamin A supplementation raises concern because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)’s Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) 2011-2016 target of 90 per cent needs to be achieved by 2016.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of Vitamin A in Bangladesh by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys for 2007 and 2011 using SAS software. A log binomial regression was conducted to explore the effect of education and exposure to mass media on receipt of vitamin A supplementation.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, parent’s education and among mass media channels, television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of Vitamin A, (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0973, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0499-1.1469) in BDHS 2011. Similarly, also those who watched television were more likely to have received vitamin A (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0542, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0304-1.0784).Conclusions: It can be concluded that mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. Though mother’s education was not associated in the 2007 survey, but it was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the 2011 survey.
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An, Ki-Yong. "Physical activity level in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017." Epidemiology and Health 41 (November 9, 2019): e2019047. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019047.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated physical activity (PA) participation based on demographic, physical, and psychological variables in Korean adults.METHODS: Participants were divided into four groups (combined, aerobic only, resistance only, and neither) based on meeting the PA guidelines using moderate and vigorous PA time and resistance exercise frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017. The association between meeting the PA guidelines and demographic, medical, fitness, lifestyle, and psychological variables were analyzed using complex samples crosstabs and a general linear model.RESULTS: Of the 5,820 Korean adults, 66.0% did not meet any of the guidelines. Among demographic factors, sex, age, marital status, income, education level, occupation, and employment status were associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Chronic disease prevalence, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, hand-grip strength, resting heart rate, and family history of chronic disease in the medical and fitness variables; frequency of drinking and eating breakfast, total calorie, water, protein, and fat intake in the lifestyle variables; and perceived stress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life in the psychological variables were associated with meeting PA guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: Most Korean adults participate in insufficient PA. Moreover, individuals who are socially underprivileged, have low-income or poor physical and mental health conditions participated in relatively less PA. Our findings suggest that government and individual efforts are required to increase PA and resolve health inequality in Korean adults.
20
Llanos, Renán Quispe, Rofilia Ramírez Ramírez, Martha Tizón Palacios, Claudio Flores Flores, Alfredo Borda-Olivas, Roger Araujo Castillo, Juan Guanira, Risof Solis Condor, Manuel Catacora Villasante, and Yamilée Hurtado-Roca. "Health Survey in a Peruvian health system (ENSSA)." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (March 26, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001135.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVE: To report the design, methodology and initial results of the National Socioeconomic Survey of Access to Health of the EsSalud Insured. RESULTS: There were interviews in 25,000 homes, surveying 79,874 people, of which 62,659 were affiliated to EsSalud. The insured people are mainly males (50.6%) with a higher technical education level (39.7%). The insured population has mostly independent (95.0%) and own (68.1%) home. Only 34.5% of the insured practice some sport or physical exercise; 14.0% of the population suffers from a chronic disease; 3.5% have diabetes; and 7.1%, arterial hypertension. In the last three months, 35.4% of the members needed medical attention; of these, only 73.1% received health care and the remaining 10.9% were treated in pharmacies or non-formal health care services. RESULTS: The 25,000 homes were interviewed, surveying 79,874 people, of which 62,659 were affiliated to EsSalud. The insured people are mainly males (50.6%) with a higher technical education level (39.7%). The insured population has mostly independent (95.0%) and own (68.1%) home. Only 34.5% of the insured practice some sport or physical exercise; 14.0% of the population suffers from a chronic disease; 3.5% have diabetes; and 7.1%, arterial hypertension. In the last three months, 35.4% of the members needed medical attention; of these, only 73.1% received health care and the remaining 10.9% were treated in pharmacies or non-formal health care services. CONCLUSIONS: This survey is the first performed in the population of EsSalud affiliates, applied at the national level, and has socio-economic and demographic data of the insured, their distribution, risk factors of health, prevalence of health problems and the degree of access to health services.
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Nesa, Mossamet Kamrun. "District level child nutrition status in Bangladesh: An application of small area estimation method." Journal of Statistical Research 53, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47302/jsr.2019530103.
Анотація:
National level indicators of child undernutrition often hide the real scenario across a country. In order to construct a child nutrition map, accurate estimates of undernutrition are required at very small spatial scales, typically the administrative units of a country or a region within a country. Although comprehensive data on child nutrition are collected in national surveys, the small scale estimates cannot be calculated using the standard estimation methods employed in national surveys, since such methods are designed to produce national or regional level estimates, and assume large samples. Small area estimation method has been widely used to find such micro-level estimates. Due to lack of unit level data, area level small area estimation methods (e.g., Fay-Herriot method) are widely used to calculate small-scale estimates. In Bangladesh, a few works have been done to estimate district level child nutrition status. The Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey covers all districts but district wise sample sizes are very small to get consistent estimates. In this paper, Fay-Herriot Model has been developed to calculate district wise estimates with efficient mean squared error. The Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2011 and Population Census 2011 are utilized for this study.
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Bond, Kenneth, Mark Oremus, Katherine M. Duthie, and Glenn G. Griener. "ETHICS EXPERTISE FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 2 (April 2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000014.
Анотація:
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify individuals with expertise in ethics analysis in Canada, who might contribute to health technology assessment (HTA); to gauge these individuals’ familiarity with, and experience participating in, the production of HTA.Methods: A contact list was developed using the Canadian Bioethics Society membership list and faculty listings of Canadian universities, bioethics centers, and health agencies. An eighteen-question email survey was distributed to potential respondents to collect data on demographic information, education and work experience in applied ethics, and involvement in HTA.Results: The survey response rate was 52.8 percent (350/663). Respondents worked primarily in academic institutions (50.4 percent) or hospitals (15.4 percent). Many respondents (83.1 percent) had education, formal training, or work-related experience in practical ethics related to health care, with many having a doctorate (34.5 percent) or master's degree (19.0 percent). One quarter (24.5 percent; n = 87) of respondents indicated they had been involved in an analysis of ethical issues for HTA. Almost two-thirds (65.4 percent; n = 165) of those who had not previously participated in ethics analysis believed they might usefully contribute to an analysis of ethical issues in HTA. Experts who have conducted ethics analysis in HTA had more than twice the odds of having education and training in ethics and a PhD than those who might contribute to ethics analysis.Conclusion: Many people have contributed to ethics analysis in HTA in Canada, and more are willing to do so. Given the absence of a reliable credential for ethics expertise, HTA producers should exercise caution when enlisting ethics experts.
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Kim, Subin, Jung Mee Park, Jae Sang Han, Jae Hyun Seo, Kyung-Do Han, Young Hoon Joo, and Kyoung Ho Park. "Age-related hearing loss in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e0243001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243001.
Анотація:
Objectives Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is a chronic disorder characterized by impairment of the transduction of acoustic signals. This study analysed the prevalence and demographic characteristics of ARHL in the Korean population. Methods We used the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2009 to 2012 and analysed the association between age and hearing impairment. A total of 16,799 adults were selected for the current study. Physical examinations, blood tests, otoscopic examinations, and hearing tests were performed. The demographic variables included age, gender, obesity, economic status, education level, noise exposure history, and underlying diseases. Results Among 16,799 participants, the prevalence of unilateral hearing loss was 8% (1,349 people), and bilateral hearing loss was 5.9% (989 people). Men were 53.4% more likely to have hearing loss than women. Age and underlying diseases, like hypertension, diabetes, and abdominal obesity, were significantly associated with hearing loss (P < 0.0001). Further, mental health factors, such as cognitive function, depression, and suicidal ideation, were related to hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss increased with advancing years, especially in the high frequency of 6 kHz, with a sharply increase in patients aged 65 and over. Conclusion The analysis of auditory performance in the Korean population confirmed the association of high-frequency hearing loss with advancing age. A threshold of 6 kHz should be included to correctly diagnose hearing impairment in elderly patients. Patients with ARHL should be provided with suitable aural rehabilitation that includes active high-frequency control.
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Rivera-Rodriguez, C., T. Clark, T. Fleming, D. Archer, S. Crengle, R. Peiris-John, and S. Lewycka. "National estimates from the Youth ’19 Rangatahi smart survey: A survey calibration approach." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e0251177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251177.
Анотація:
Background Significant progress has been made addressing adolescent health needs in New Zealand, but some areas, such as mental health issues remain, particularly for rangatahi Māori (indigenous Māori young people). Little is known about how contemporary Māori whānau (families) and communities influence health outcomes, health literacy and access to services. Previous nationally representative secondary school surveys were conducted in New Zealand in 2001, 2007 and 2012, as part of the Youth2000 survey series. This paper focuses on a fourth survey conducted in 2019 (https://www.youth19.ac.nz/). In 2019, the survey also included kura kaupapa Māori schools (Māori language immersion schools), and questions exploring the role of family connections in health and wellbeing. This paper presents the overall study methodology, and a weighting and calibration framework in order to provide estimates that reflect the national student population, and enable comparisons with the previous surveys to monitor trends. Methods Youth19 was a cross sectional, self-administered health and wellbeing survey of New Zealand high school students. The target population was the adolescent population of New Zealand (school years 9–13). The study population was drawn from three education regions: Auckland, Tai Tokerau (Northland) and Waikato. These are the most ethnically diverse regions in New Zealand. The sampling design was two-stage clustered stratified, where schools were the clusters, and strata were defined by kura schools and educational regions. There were four strata, formed as follows: kura schools (Tai Tokerau, Auckland and Waikato regions combined), mainstream-Auckland, mainstream-Tai Tokerau and mainstream-Waikato. From each stratum, 50% of the schools were randomly sampled and then 30% of students from the selected schools were invited to participate. All students in the kura kaupapa schools were invited to participate. In order to make more precise estimates and adjust for differential non-response, as well as to make nationally relevant estimates and allow comparisons with the previous national surveys, we calibrated the sampling weights to reflect the national secondary school student population. Results There were 45 mainstream and 4 kura schools included in the final sample, and 7,374 mainstream and 347 kura students participated in the survey. There were differences between the sampled population and the national secondary school student population, particularly in terms of sex and ethnicity, with a higher proportion of females and Asian students in the study sample than in the national student population. We calculated estimates of the totals and proportions for key variables that describe risk and protective factors or health and wellbeing factors. Rates of risk-taking behaviours were lower in the sampled population than what would be expected nationally, based on the demographic profile of the national student population. For the regional estimates, calibrated weights yield standard errors lower than those obtained with the unadjusted sampling weights. This leads to significantly narrower confidence intervals for all the variables in the analysis. The calibrated estimates of national quantities provide similar results. Additionally, the national estimates for 2019 serve as a tool to compare to previous surveys, where the sampling population was national. Conclusions One of the main goals of this paper is to improve the estimates at the regional level using calibrated weights to adjust for oversampling of some groups, or non-response bias. Additionally, we also recommend the use of calibrated estimators as they provide nationally adjusted estimates, which allow inferences about the whole adolescent population of New Zealand. They also yield confidence intervals that are significantly narrower than those obtained using the original sampling weights.
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Kolodinsky, Jane, Travis William Reynolds, Mark Cannella, David Timmons, and Daniel Bromberg. "U.S. Consumer Demand for Restaurant Calorie Information: Targeting Demographic and Behavioral Segments in Labeling Initiatives." American Journal of Health Promotion 24, no. 1 (September 2009): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.07091398.
Анотація:
Purpose. To identify different segments of U.S. consumers based on food choices, exercise patterns, and desire for restaurant calorie labeling. Design. Using a stratified (by region) random sample of the U.S. population, trained interviewers collected data for this cross-sectional study through telephone surveys. Setting. Center for Rural Studies U.S. national health survey. Subjects. The final sample included 580 responses (22% response rate); data were weighted to be representative of age and gender characteristics of the U.S. population. Measures. Self-reported behaviors related to food choices, exercise patterns, desire for calorie information in restaurants, and sample demographics. Analysis. Clusters were identified using Schwartz Bayesian criteria. Impacts of demographic characteristics on cluster membership were analyzed using bivariate tests of association and multinomial logit regression. Results. Cluster analysis revealed three clusters based on respondents' food choices, activity levels, and desire for restaurant labeling. Two clusters, comprising three quarters of the sample, desired calorie labeling in restaurants. The remaining cluster opposed restaurant labeling. Demographic variables significantly predicting cluster membership included region of residence (p < .10), income (p < .05), gender (p < .01), and age (p < .10). Conclusions. Though limited by a low response and potential self-reporting bias in the phone survey, this study suggests that several groups are likely to benefit from restaurant calorie labeling. Specific demographic clusters could be targeted through labeling initiatives.
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Salari, Paola, Patricia Akweongo, Moses Aikins, and Fabrizio Tediosi. "Determinants of health insurance enrolment in Ghana: evidence from three national household surveys." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 8 (August 21, 2019): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz079.
Анотація:
Abstract In 2003, Ghana implemented a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to move towards Universal Health Coverage. NHIS enrolment is mandatory for all Ghanaians, but the most recent estimates show that coverage stands under 40%. The evidence on the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and NHIS enrolment is mixed, and comes mainly from studies conducted in a few areas. Therefore, in this study we investigate the socio-economic determinants of NHIS enrolment using three recent national household surveys. We used data from the Ghanaian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in 2011 and the sixth wave of the Ghana Living Standard Survey conducted in 2012–13. Given the multilevel nature of the three databases, we use multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the probability of enrolment for women and men separately. We used three levels of analysis: geographical clusters, household and individual units. We found that education, wealth, marital status—and to some extent—age were positively associated with enrolment. Furthermore, we found that enrolment was correlated with the type of occupation. The analyses of three national household surveys highlight the challenges of understanding the complex dynamics of factors contributing to low NHIS enrolment rates. The results indicate that current policies aimed at identifying and subsidizing underprivileged population groups might insufficiently encourage health insurance enrolment.
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French, Michael T., Ioana Popovici, and Johanna Catherine Maclean. "Do Alcohol Consumers Exercise More? Findings from a National Survey." American Journal of Health Promotion 24, no. 1 (September 2009): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.0801104.
Анотація:
Purpose. Investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity because understanding whether there are common determinants of health behaviors is critical in designing programs to change risky activities. Design. Cross-sectional analysis. Setting. United States. Subjects. A sample of adults representative of the U.S. population (N = 230,856) from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Measures. Several measures of drinking and exercise were analyzed. Specifications included numerous health, health behavior, socioeconomic, and demographic control variables. Results. For women, current drinkers exercise 7.2 more minutes per week than abstainers. Ten extra drinks per month are associated with 2.2 extra minutes per week of physical activity. When compared with current abstainers, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers exercise 5.7, 10.1, and 19.9 more minutes per week. Drinking is associated with a 10.1 percentage point increase in the probability of exercising vigorously. Ten extra drinks per month are associated with a 2.0 percentage point increase in the probability of engaging in vigorous physical activity. Light, moderate, and heavy drinking are associated with 9.0, 14.3, and 13.7 percentage point increases in the probability of exercising vigorously. The estimation results for men are similar to those for women. Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that alcohol consumption and physical activity are positively correlated. The association persists at heavy drinking levels.
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Annear, Michael J. "Knowledge of Dementia Among the Australian Health Workforce: A National Online Survey." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464817752085.
Анотація:
Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability in Australia. This research evaluated dementia knowledge and educational needs among the Australian health workforce. An online version of the validated Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) was administered with a random sample of 234 health professionals across eight Australian states. Respondents provided additional self-report data concerning dementia experiences, educational needs, and demographic information. Dementia knowledge deficiencies were identified concerning risk factors, prevalent typologies of the condition, and cognitive symptoms. Prior university education and dementia-specific training were predictive of significantly higher knowledge scores. Self-reported dementia education needs included nonpharmaceutical interventions for the behavioral and psychological symptoms and best-evidence care provision. Knowledge deficiencies among health workers suggest patients with dementia may not be receiving consistent, best-evidence care in Australia. The research findings will support the development of a targeted online dementia education intervention that aims to improve health worker knowledge and patient care.
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Sewpaul, Ronel, Petrus J. W. Naudé, Dan J. Stein, and Demetre Labadarios. "Psychological distress and C-reactive protein in a South African national survey." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 05 (July 16, 2019): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.27.
Анотація:
AbstractObjective:To examine the association of psychological distress with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in a South African cohort.Methods:Data were analysed on individuals aged ≥15 years from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES) of 2012. Psychological distress was evaluated using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Linear regression models assessed the association of psychological distress with serum CRP, adjusting for possible confounding factors.Results:The analytic sample comprised n = 3944 individuals (mean age = 40 and sex = 36% males). Psychological distress was significantly associated with increased serum CRP levels (B = 0.31 and p = 0.001). This association was no longer significant after adjusting for demographic variables, lifestyle factors, cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, trauma and anti-inflammatory medication use (B = 0.15 and p = 0.062).Conclusion:Psychological distress was associated with elevated levels of CRP among South African adults. However, the association was confounded by a range of factors, with demographic variables (age, sex and population group) having the largest confounding effect. These findings indicate that CRP is not a useful biomarker of psychological distress, and that additional work is needed on the underlying psychobiology of psychological distress.
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Pin Ng, Tze, Tze Pin Ng, Calvin Soon Leng Fones, and Ee Heok Kua. "Preference, Need and Utilization of Mental Health Services, Singapore National Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 5 (October 2003): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01233.x.
Анотація:
Objective: To ascertain the extent of the community's preference, needs for and utilization of mental health services, and their socio-demographic determinants in the multi-ethnic Asian community in Singapore. The extent to which need, enabling and predisposing factors determine the likelihood to seek professional help was also examined. Method: Data were analyzed from the Singapore National Mental Health Survey of 1996, based on a stratified random sample of 2947 Chinese, Malay and Indian subjects of the general population aged 13–64 years. Results: An estimated 37% of the general population indicated they would seek professional help if they experienced a serious emotional or mental problem. Although 16.9% were determined by their high general health questionnaire (GHQ) score to need mental health services, only 2.6% in the population used the services of any professional caregiver. Among persons with high GHQ scores, only 5.9% sought any professional help. Among those with a high GHQ score and who were receptive to professional help, only 10.4% actually sought professional help. General practitioners were the most commonly preferred caregiver (49.3%), and were used by 41.1% of those who sought help. Those who sought professional help were more likely to have a high GHQ score and to be inclined to seek professional help. Malays used mental health services more than Chinese, but they did not show a significantly greater prevalence of high GHQ scores, or a greater preference to seek professional help. Receptivity to professional help, high GHQ score, and Malay ethnicity were independent significant predictors of use of mental health service. Conclusion: Need and attitudinal factors predict mental health service utilization, but they still do not explain why a large majority of the population chose not to use mental health services.
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Purdie, D. M. "Health and demographic characteristics of respondents in an Australian national sexuality survey: comparison with population norms." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.10.748.
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Konstantyner, Tulio, Thais Cláudia Roma De Oliveira Konstanty, Laís Amaral Mais, Sarah Warkentin, and José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei. "Prevalence and hospitalization rates due to diarrhoea in infants: the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic Health Survey." Journal of Epidemiological Research 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n1p29.
Анотація:
Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea and to identify factorsassociated with diarrheal disease and related hospitalizations in children less than two years old in Brazil.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,902 children who were participants in the 2006 National Demographic andHealth Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher - PNDS 2006). To collect data, children’smothers were interviewed. The prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were calculated for the two weeks beforethe interview and for the last year, respectively. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the prevalence of diarrhea andthe risk factors associated with diarrhea occurrence and related hospitalizations. A complex sample statistical technique wasapplied for all analyses.Results: The prevalence of diarrhea and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were 11.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Children livingin the North and Northeast regions had a greater risk of diarrhea, while children under 12 months old, those who were receivingage-appropriate exclusive breastfeeding and those with mothers greater than 35 years old were protected against the disease. Malechildren living in households that did not have a land-floor in the North and Northeast regions had a higher risk of hospitalizationdue to diarrhea, while children of mothers who had a higher education level (> 4 years) were protected against it.Conclusion: Diarrhea is still a public health problem for children under two years old in Brazil, especially in the North andNortheast regions. Diarrhea control and prevention programs should inform young mothers with lower education levels aboutchildren’s healthcare, including the benefits of breastfeeding.
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E. Johnson, Ofonime. "Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Uptake among Nigerian Women: Evidence from the National Demographic and Health Survey." African Journal of Reproductive Health 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2017/v21i3.8.
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Yebyo, Henock, Mussie Alemayehu, and Alemayehu Kahsay. "Why Do Women Deliver at Home? Multilevel Modeling of Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey Data." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): e0124718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124718.
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Paik, J. M., W. R. Farwell, and E. N. Taylor. "Demographic, dietary, and serum factors and parathyroid hormone in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Osteoporosis International 23, no. 6 (September 20, 2011): 1727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1776-x.
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Chaurasiya, Dinesh, Vaishali Chaurasia, and Shekhar Chauhan. "The Correlates of Violence against Women in India: Findings from the Recent National Demographic Health Survey." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1455.
Анотація:
Violence against women is a serious human rights abuse and public health issue in India. The Intimate Partner violence (IPV) cases among Indian couples are very high. This article aims to find the determinant of Intimate Partner Violence in India. The data are drawn from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV). According to Demographic Health Survey guidelines, IPV is measured using 13-item questions in women questionnaire. This section is analysed to fulfil the objective of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression is used to find out the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The analysis is carried out using STATA version 14. The prevalence of IPV, emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV) and sexual violence (SV) is 33.15, 13.23, 29.68 and 6.60 respectively. The likelihood of IPV increases with the increase in marital duration. All kind of violence is less likely to occur in rural areas (IPV: AOR=0.86, p<0.01; EV: AOR=0.81, p<0.01; PV: AOR=0.85, p<0.01; & SV: AOR=0.92, p=0.09). Hindu women are more likely to face all kind of violence than women in other religion. Alcohol consumption is one of the predominant factors for IPV in India (AOR=3.08, CI=2.96-3.21, p<0.01). From this study, we find that marital duration, the age difference of spouses, number of children, place of residence, caste, religion, and education of couple, alcohol consumption and wealth index are some of the important predictors of IPV in India.
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Sharmanov, Almaz. "Anaemia in Central Asia: Demographic and Health Survey Experience." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 4 (January 1998): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900405.
Анотація:
Nationally representative anaemia levels among women and children were recently determined in conjunction with the Demographic and Health Surveys in Kazakstan (1995), Uzbekistan (1996), and the Kyrgyz Republic (1997). Anaemia was assessed by measuring the haemoglobin level in capillary blood of women aged 15 to 49 and their children under the age of 3 using the photometric Hemocue technique. The numbers of women tested were 3,658, 4,333, and 3,760 in Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic, respectively. All three Central Asian republics had a high prevalence of anaemia. The highest overall rates were in the regions of Kazakstan and Uzbekistan near the Aral Sea, which are characterized by severe agrochemical pollution and other environmental and socio-economic problems. Approximately half (49%) of the women in Kazakstan, 60% of the women in Uzbekistan, and 40% of the women in the Kyrgyz Republic suffered from some degree of anaemia. Mild anaemia (haemoglobin level, 10.0–11.9 g/dl; 10.0–10.9 g/dl for pregnant women) was diagnosed in 37%, 45%, and 28% of the women in Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic, respectively. Eleven percent of the women in Kazakstan, 14% in Uzbekistan, and 9% in the Kyrgyz Republic had moderate anaemia (haemoglobin level 7.0–9.9 g/dl). Severe anaemia (haemoglobin level less than 7.0 g/dl) was found among 1% of the women in all three Central Asian republics. In Kazakstan, 69% of the children under the age of three suffered from some degree of anaemia. About the same number of children had mild (30%) and moderate (34%) anaemia. A smaller, but substantial, proportion of children (5%) were severely anaemic. In Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic, 61% and 50% of children, respectively, suffered from anaemia. The percentages of children with mild, moderate, and severe anaemia were 34%, 26%, and 1%, respectively, for Uzbekistan, and 24%, 24%, and 1%, respectively, for the Kyrgyz Republic. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that negative iron balance is probably a major cause of anaemia among both women and children in Central Asia. Our findings provide important information for the development of health intervention programmes to prevent iron-deficiency anaemia among women of certain ethnic, educational, and residential groups in this region. Based on the results of the Demographic and Health Survey as well as other geographically focused studies, the UNICEF Area Office for the Central Asian Republics and Kazakstan proposed an integrated strategy of education, supplementation, fortification, and research to address the problem and called for donors' support. It is expected that this approach can considerably improve maternal and child health in Central Asia.
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Bartley, Katherine F., Donna L. Eisenhower, Tiffany G. Harris, and Karen K. Lee. "Accelerometer and Survey Data on Patterns of Physical Inactivity in New York City and the United States." Public Health Reports 134, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919841855.
Анотація:
Objective: Inactive lifestyles contribute to health problems and premature death and are influenced by the physical environment. The primary objective of this study was to quantify patterns of physical inactivity in New York City and the United States by combining data from surveys and accelerometers. Methods: We used Poisson regression models and self-reported survey data on physical activity and other demographic characteristics to predict accelerometer-measured inactivity in New York City and the United States among adults aged ≥18. National data came from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. New York City data came from the 2010-2011 New York City Physical Activity and Transit survey. Results: Self-reported survey data indicated no significant differences in inactivity between New York City and the United States, but accelerometer data showed that 53.1% of persons nationally, compared with 23.4% in New York City, were inactive ( P < .001). New Yorkers reported a median of 139 weekly minutes of transportation activity, compared with 0 minutes nationally. Nationally, 50.0% of self-reported activity minutes came from recreation activity, compared with 17.5% in New York City. Regression models indicated differences in the association between self-reported minutes of transportation and recreation and accelerometer-measured inactivity in the 2 settings. Conclusions: The prevalence of physical inactivity was higher nationally than in New York City. The largest difference was in walking behavior indicated by self-reported transportation activity. The study demonstrated the feasibility of combining accelerometer and survey measurement and that walkable environments promote an active lifestyle.
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Fernandes, Karayna, Maria Sousa, and José Cecatti. "Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 39, no. 05 (May 2017): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603498.
Анотація:
Purpose In 2013, it was estimated that 289,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide. The maternal mortality ratio has decreased in many countries in the past decades, due to early identification and treatment of obstetric complications, despite the dissimilarities observed in diverse locations and populations. Black women, for instance, have always been more susceptible to the occurrence of maternal mortality and severe morbidity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess skin color as a predictive factor for maternal near miss (MNM) in a sample of Brazilian women interviewed in the Brazilian National Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 2006. Method A secondary analysis of the DHS database, a population-based cross-sectional nationally representative study was conducted. This database is of public domain. The risk of maternal complications according to ethnic group and the associated sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated. For the data analysis, the odds ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results In the sample interviewed, 59% of women were black or brown (mixed-race). Approximately 23% of women had some complication, and 2% of these women had at least one MNM pragmatic criterion. The MNM rate was 31 per 1,000 live births, and its occurrence was not statistically different among the ethnic groups. The only factors identified that were considered to be associated with the occurrence of MNM were maternal age above 40 and women not currently attending school, but only among white women. Conclusion The 2006 DHS results did not show a higher occurrence of maternal complications, and specifically of MNM associated with black/brown skin color.
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Dlamini, W. J., S. F. Melesse, and H. G. Mwambi. "Logistic Regression Additive Model: Application to Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data." Open Public Health Journal 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501710010294.
Анотація:
Background:The well-being of a child reflects household, community and national involvement on family health. Currently, the global under-five child mortality rate is falling faster compared to any time in the past two decades. However, the progress remained insufficient to match the Millennium Development Goal 4 targets especially in the Sub-Saharan African region.Objective:This study aims to visualize and identify factors associated with under-five child mortality in Tanzania, which is essential for formulating appropriate health program and policies.Methods:The survey data used for this paper was taken from 2011-2012 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indictor Survey. The study utilizes statistical model that accommodate a response, which is dichotomous and account for non-linear relationship between binary response and independent variable. Generalized additive models was adopted for the analysis. The sample was selected using stratified, two-stage cluster sampling that gave a sample size of 10494 mothers. The model was fitted using proc gam in statistical analysis software version 9.3.Results:The results showed that human immunodeficiency virus status of the mother and breastfeeding were associated with under-five child mortality. Furthermore, the results also indicated that under-five child mortality had a quadratic pattern relationship with the number of children ever born, the number of children alive, the number of children five or under in a household and child birth order number.Conclusion:Based on the study, our findings confirmed that under-five mortality is a serious problem in the Tanzania. Therefore, there is a need to intensify child health interventions to reduce the under-five mortality rate even further with the development of policies and programs to reduce under-five child mortality.
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D'Arcy, Carl, and C. M. Siddique. "Unemployment and Health: An Analysis of “Canada Health Survey” Data." International Journal of Health Services 15, no. 4 (October 1985): 609–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0q1g-rjg7-dpr9-v6xn.
Анотація:
This paper provides a cross-sectional analysis of the physical and emotional well-being of employed and unemployed workers. The data used consists of a sub-sample ( N = 14,313) drawn from the Canada Health Survey's national probability sample ( N = 31,688). The analysis indicates substantial health differences between employed and unemployed individuals. The unemployed showed significantly higher levels of distress, greater short-term and long-term disability, reported a large number of health problems, had been patients more often, and used proportionately more health services. Consistent with these measures, derived from self-reported data, physician-diagnosed measures also indicate a greater vulnerability of unemployed individuals to serious physical ailments such as heart trouble, pain in heart and chest, high blood pressure, spells of faint-dizziness, bone-joint problems and hypertension. While these health differences between the employed and unemployed persisted across socio-economic and demographic conditions, further analysis indicated strong interaction effects of SES and demographic variables on the association of employment status with physical and emotional health. Females and older unemployed individuals reported more health problems and physician visits whereas the younger unemployed (under 40) reported more psychological distress. The blue-collar unemployed were found to be considerably more vulnerable to physical illness whereas the unemployed with professional background reported more psychological distress. The low-income unemployed who were also the principal family earners, were the most psychologically distressed. A regional look at the data showed that the low-income unemployed suffered the most in terms of depressed mood in each region of the country. It is apparent that unemployment and its health impact reflect the wider class-based inequalities of advanced industrial societies. The need for social policies that effectively reduce unemployment and the detrimental impact of unemployment is clear.
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Kallan, Jeffrey E., and J. Richard Udry. "Demographic components of seasonality of pregnancy." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017752.
Анотація:
SummaryPrevious studies of the seasonality of pregnancy and birth have typically been based on monthly numbers or proportions of pregnancies or births (i.e. their distribution throughout the year) without any explicit accounting of the size of the population actually at risk of pregnancy by month. From data on monthly populations at risk and monthly probabilities of pregnancy this paper determines the relative contribution of each component to the monthly distribution of pregnancies. The data come from the National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle III. While there is some seasonality in the size of the at-risk population, it contributes little to the overall monthly variation of pregnancy, which is determined mainly by seasonality of pregnancy probability (fecundability).
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Ratcliff, Chelsea L., Melinda Krakow, Alexandra Greenberg-Worisek, and Bradford W. Hesse. "Digital Health Engagement in the US Population: Insights From the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 7 (July 2021): 1348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306282.
Анотація:
Objectives. To examine prevalence and predictors of digital health engagement among the US population. Methods. We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional data on 7 digital health engagement behaviors, as well as demographic and socioeconomic predictors, from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, cycle 2, collected in 2018; n = 2698–3504). We fitted multivariable logistic regression models using weighted survey responses to generate population estimates. Results. Digitally seeking health information (70.14%) was relatively common, whereas using health apps (39.53%) and using a digital device to track health metrics (35.37%) or health goal progress (38.99%) were less common. Digitally communicating with one’s health care providers (35.58%) was moderate, whereas sharing health data with providers (17.20%) and sharing health information on social media (14.02%) were uncommon. Being female, younger than 65 years, a college graduate, and a smart device owner positively predicted several digital health engagement behaviors (odds ratio range = 0.09–4.21; P value range < .001–.03). Conclusions. Many public health goals depend on a digitally engaged populace. These data highlight potential barriers to 7 key digital engagement behaviors that could be targeted for intervention.
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Allred, Sarah L., and Je Anne R. Burg. "Environmental Personal Injury Litigation as One Source of Response Effects: Findings From the National Exposure Registry." Toxicology and Industrial Health 11, no. 2 (March 1995): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379501100208.
Анотація:
The potential for error in survey responses obtained from people involved with environmental personal injury litigation was examined in a registry of persons exposed to the chemical trichloroethylene. Two subgroups were selected and compared: environmental personal injury plaintiffs and nonlitigants residing in the same community. Self-reported information on demographic characteristics revealed no statistically significant differences. Although plaintiffs reported higher rates of symptoms and health problems, only 2 of the 20 comparisons on health were statistically significant. The overall similarity between the two groups suggests that environmental personal injury plaintiffs may be no more likely than nonlitigants to provide inaccurate information in health surveys.
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Quader, Zerleen S., Sheena Patel, Cathleen Gillespie, Mary E. Cogswell, Janelle P. Gunn, Cria G. Perrine, Richard D. Mattes, and Alanna Moshfegh. "Trends and determinants of discretionary salt use: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 12 (March 16, 2016): 2195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000392.
Анотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo examine temporal trends and determinants of discretionary salt use in the USA.DesignMultiple logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in discretionary salt use at the table and during home cooking/preparation, adjusting for demographic characteristics, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012. Prevalence and determinants of discretionary salt use in 2009–2012 were also examined.SettingParticipants answered salt use questions after completing a 24 h dietary recall in a mobile examination centre.SubjectsNationally representative sample of non-institutionalized US children and adults, aged ≥2 years.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2012, the proportion of the population who reported using salt ‘very often’ declined; from 18 % to 12 % for use at the table (P<0·01) and from 42 % to 37 % during home cooking (P<0·02). While one-third of the population reported never adding salt at the table, most used it during home cooking/preparation (93 %). Use of discretionary salt was least commonly reported among young children and older adults and demographic and health subgroups at risk of CVD.ConclusionsWhile most people reported using salt during home cooking/preparation, a minority reported use at the table. Reported ‘very often’ discretionary salt use has declined. That discretionary salt use is less common among those at risk of CVD suggests awareness of messages to limit Na intake.
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Hewitt, Maria, and Julia H. Rowland. "Mental Health Service Use Among Adult Cancer Survivors: Analyses of the National Health Interview Survey." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 4581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.03.077.
Анотація:
PURPOSE: Analyses were conducted to obtain national estimates of mental health service use, unmet need for such services, and the prevalence of mental health problems among individuals reporting a cancer history. METHODS: Of a nationally representative sample of 95,615 adults in the United States interviewed as part of the 1998, 1999, and 2000 National Health Interview Survey, 4,878 reported a history of cancer (excluding superficial skin cancer). Analyses assessed whether cancer survivors relative to those without a self-reported history of cancer had increased use of mental health services and had increased reports of unmet need for such services. Analyses were also conducted to ascertain demographic and health characteristics associated with service use and unmet need. RESULTS: Compared with individuals without a cancer history, cancer survivors reported significantly greater contact in the past year with a mental health provider (7.2% v 5.7%). Cancer survivors were more likely to have used mental health services (odds ratio, 1.60 among those without other chronic illnesses and 3.04 among those with other chronic illnesses), and mental health service use was significantly greater among those who were under age 65 and diagnosed at younger ages, were formerly married, or had other comorbid chronic conditions. If all cancer survivors with mental health problems or who needed but could not access mental health services due to cost had received such care, mental health service use would have increased from 7.2% to 11.7%, a 62% increase in use. CONCLUSION: Cancer seems to be one of several chronic illnesses that precipitates the need for and use of mental health services. Improvements are needed in recognizing mental health problems among cancer survivors and reducing barriers to psychosocial service use.
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Post, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Understanding patient engagement in breast cancer survivorship care: A national web-based survey." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.223.
Анотація:
223 Background: Little is known about patient engagement (PE) into survivorship care (SC). Information is needed to further explore PE into SC, what factors may contribute to it and which patients are more likely to engage in SC and thus be better equipped to self-manage during survivorship. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how demographic/personal factors and survivorship variables are related to and may contribute to PE in early stage breast cancer survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based self-report national survey was conducted using measures assessing personal/demographic factors, survivorship variables: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fear of cancer recurrence, cancer health literacy and two measures of PE (patient activation (PA) and knowing participation in change (KPC). There was one open-ended question regarding additional survivorship concerns. Participants were recruited using Dr. Susan Love’s Army of Women Research Foundation and Craigslist. Data were analyzed via bivariate associations and backwards linear regression modeling in SPSS. Results: The final sample included 303 participants (301 females and 2 males), Μ age 50.70. The sample was predominantly White, non-Hispanic and equally dispersed across the United States. PE was significantly correlated with 13 predictors. There were 10 predictors resulting in significant ANOVA relationships with PA and KPC. In the KPC and PA regression models, HRQOL significantly predicted PE (p ≤ .001). In the KPC regression model, social support and level of education significantly predicted PE (p ≤ .001) and receipt of a survivorship care plan contributed unique variance to the model (9.1%). The open-ended question response categories included: physical and mental health concerns, financial toxicity, social support, body image concerns, other concerns or none. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that personal/demographic factors and survivorship variables may contribute to PE in breast cancer survivors. Findings may provide insight as to which survivors may be ready to engage in SC and those that may need more resources and support.
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Scout, Nfn, Michelle ED Veras, Bethany Andrews Rhoten, Reece ED Lyerly, Aurea ED Kasberg, and Kk ED Naimool. "First data from OUT: The National Cancer Survey of LGBTQ+ survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18544-e18544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18544.
Анотація:
e18544 Background: Cultural barriers that inhibit LGBTQ cancer care are a public health crisis. Although LGBTQ cultural competency trainings are rapidly becoming the norm, patient-centered information is lacking for healthcare professionals in cancer care. The purpose of OUT: The National Cancer Survey is to understand the experiences of LGBTQ cancer survivors in order to make cancer care a safer and more welcoming place for survivors and their support teams. Methods: Individuals age 18 or older currently living in the United States who have been previously diagnosed with cancer and who identify as LGBTQ+ were recruited via community partnerships and targeted paid social media advertisements with an oversample of media outreach to Black Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC). Participants completed a cross-sectional web-based survey of their cancer care experiences. This resulted in a final sample of [1,600+] survivors, the largest known sample of LGBTQ+ cancer survivors in the world. The sample was weighted to adjust for U.S. sex assigned at birth and racial/ethnic demographics. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant responses, crosstabs were used to compare responses across demographic categories, and excerpted responses are used to highlight qualitative themes. Results: Participants ranged in age from X to X years (median X). X% of the sample identified as either gay or lesbian, X% as bi, and X% as trans or gender nonconforming. X% of the sample identified as White only, followed by X% as Latine, X% as Black and X% as other or mixed race. Most common cancer types included XYZ. When asked about welcoming care, X% of the sample reported they specifically sought an LGBTQ+ welcoming provider after diagnosis. Most common methods for finding such a provider included: X, X, and X. Most common cues that helped patients identify welcoming providers included X, X, and X. Overall X% reported receiving care in an LGBTQ+ welcoming environment but X% did not. Of those who did not receive care in a welcoming environment, they were more likely to be X, X, and X. Overall, X% of patients were out to their providers, but this varied by X, X, and X. The most common ways of coming out included X, X, and X. When asked what they wanted to tell health care providers to ensure better care, participants highlighted several themes, including: X, X, and X. These findings provide patient driven insights into how cancer care varies within the LGBTQ+ population by different demographic factors and specific strategies providers can take to enhance care for LGBTQ+ people.
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Holman, Dawn M., Zahava Berkowitz, Gery P. Guy, Anne M. Hartman, and Frank M. Perna. "The association between demographic and behavioral characteristics and sunburn among U.S. adults — National Health Interview Survey, 2010." Preventive Medicine 63 (June 2014): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.018.
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Ponizovsky, Alexander M., Ira Radomislensky, and Alexander Grinshpoon. "Psychological Distress and Its Demographic Associations in an Immigrant Population: Findings from the Israeli National Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670802534317.