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1
Leeuw, Lerothodi L., and Jarita Holbrook. "The Role of the IAU Gleaned From Oral Histories of Individuals Involved in Astronomy in South Africa." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000371.
Анотація:
AbstractThe South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), formerly known as the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, will be 200 years old in 2020. Also, South Africa (SA), formerly a British colony known as the Cape of Good Hope, will celebrate her 100-year anniversary as an International Astronomical Union (IAU) member in 2020, following the IAU centenary in 2019 that this IAU Symposium 349 celebrates. In light of all this, particularly in anticipation of the 200-year anniversary of SAAO in 2020, the SA National Research Foundation (NRF) has developed a Roadmap for the History of Astronomy in South Africa. As part of this we are conducting an oral history of astronomers to complement the historical celebrations of the institutions and science relating to astronomy in SA, supported by the SA NRF. Primarily drawing on literature and setting the scene for this work, here we present a snippet of the on-going oral histories, to glean the role of the IAU in astronomy in South Africa and show the potential of the oral histories to inform and complement written history.
2
Samantha Muriëll, Bennett, and Theresa de Young. "Developing an e-Strategy for the South African Astronomical Observatory Library and Information Service: A case study." EPJ Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818609002.
Анотація:
The South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) Library and Information Service (LIS) forms part of the SAAO - which is a business unit of the National Research Foundation (NRF) in South Africa. Until recently each business unit had a library service that operated independently. With the formation of the NRF Knowledge Center (KC) this is set to change. Previously it was possible for a library service to conduct its processes and procedures in isolation as long as the LIS aligned with the business unit. This paper covers the study that investigated the needs and possible guidelines for an e-Strategy for the SAAO LIS that is both aligned to the broader NRF strategy but which also incorporates recommendations to upgrade the library products and services offering. The pool of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) -based products and services is growing. ‘Upgrading’ therefore requires that it is acknowledged that ICT provides essential infrastructure for the relevant the library. Library focused trends show continuous development. Bringing the SAAO LIS up to standard will require that these developments are continuously monitored for relevance and incorporation. This paper provides information about the SAAO LIS and its history. Both ‘SWOT’ and ‘PESTEL’ analyses were used to direct the discussion on the internal and external influences on the SAAO LIS. The analyses also provided insight into the challenges the SAAO LIS faces, the strengths that could be capitalized and the opportunities that could be exploited. The paper recommends that the SAAO LIS, before engaging in a strategic change, addresses the challenges of sustainable funding and accessibility to core resources. It is also recommends that the SAAO LIS uses its e-Strategy to ‘fast track’ the process of bringing it up to the standard required of world-class astronomy libraries.
3
Nedambale, T. L., M. L. Mphaphathi, P. H. Munyai, M. Tshabalala, P. Malusi, and A. Dinnyes. "107 MOTILITY PARAMETER PATTERNS OF NGUNI BULLS: EFFECT OF VARIOUS GYCEROL CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING CRYOPRESERVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab107.
Анотація:
The Nguni breed of South Africa is small, hardy, disease-tolerant, thrives on poor pasture, and was regarded as an inferior breed in the past. For optimizing routine fresh and freezing of Nguni bull semen analysis, 3 different concentrations of glycerol (7, 10, and 14%) were examined. Ten ejaculates were collected from each 6 Nguni bulls using electro-ejaculator at ARC, Irene, South Africa. Following semen collection, semen was examined for macroscopic (volume, pH, and concentration) and microscopic (motility) parameters. The semen was extended with Tris + 10% egg yolk diluent at a ratio of 1 : 2 (v/v) and frozen at different concentrations of glycerol (7, 10, and 14%). The semen was then evaluated using the sperm class analyzer (SCA; CASA system) for progressive motility parameters. Fresh and frozen-thawed were fixed and stained with Nigrosin-Eosin for morphology (dead and live). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. There was a significant difference among individual Nguni bull spermatozoa volume and concentration. Analyzed frozen-thawed Nguni spermatozoa resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) difference of spermatozoa motility parameters frozen in 10% glycerol (68%) compared with 7 (41%) and 14% glycerol (30%). In conclusion, Nguni spermatozoa can be cryopreserved successfully when 10% of glycerol concentration is used. The results of this study will improve the viability of cryopreserved Nguni bull spermatozoa following the development of a South African semen cryo-gene bank. This study was supported by grants from National Research Foundation (NRF), Hungarian, South African Bilateral Scientific and Technological (TETNo. OMFB-00302/2008, RT24000) collaborative project. Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF, RPPP15).
4
Hassanally, Saffia, Ashika Naicker, and Evonne Singh. "Snack Development for School Feeding Programs in Africa: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144967.
Анотація:
The benefits of school feeding have been well documented. As such, school feeding programs have continuously gained popularity in developing countries. However, challenges and potential opportunities persist, calling for a review of school feeding for long-term sustainability. South Africa has an opportunity to improve their National School Nutrition Program (NSNP) by including an energy-dense snack that would increase the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of school children to meet at least 25% of their energy requirements. The objective of this scoping review was to conduct a review and an appraisal of studies on snack food development for school feeding programs in Africa. Eligible studies had to report snack development for school feeding programs in Africa. We conducted an electronic search in National Research Foundation (NRF) NEXUS, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO), International Food Information Service (IFIS), Nutrition and Food Sciences Center for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI.ORG), and Google Scholar. Of the 429 articles identified, nine studies were included in the final review—five from within South Africa and four from elsewhere in Africa. Data extracted included the study design, intervention, outcomes, relevant findings, and limitations. Results were presented in a narrative summary. The review findings showed that energy-rich staple foods and food fortification were commonly used in snack development. The popular snack products developed included porridges and biscuits. While most studies reported nutritional outcomes, few studies reported on sensory acceptability tests and only two studies conducted a cost analysis. This review of previous snack development initiatives for school feeding programs in Africa underscores the importance of establishing the sustainability of any food product developed. The findings of this review have the potential to inform future snack product development for school feeding programs.
5
Raito, M. B., M. L. Mphaphathi, L. M. Schwalbach, J. P. C. Greyling, and T. L. Nedambale. "216 COMPARISON BETWEEN A TRI-GAS THERMO INCUBATOR AND A MODULAR CHAMBER WITH PREMIXED GAS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE EMBRYOS IN VITRO." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab216.
Анотація:
In an attempt to optimize germplasm and reproduction biotechnology IVF laboratory conditions in South Africa, we compared the effects of 2 triple-gas incubation systems, a tri-gas thermo incubator and a modular chamber with premixed gas, on the development of bovine embryos in vitro. After aspirating ovaries collected from a local abattoir, 778 oocytes were matured for 24 h in M-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, and 1 μg mL–1 of FSH and LH at 39°C in 5% CO2. Oocytes were then fertilized in vitro in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium at 39°C in 5% CO2. Presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated to the tri-gas thermo incubator or the modular chamber with premixed gas and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium at 39°C in 5% CO2, O2, and 90% N2. Total cleavage (Day 2), 8-cell (Day 2), morula (Day 6), and blastocyst (Day 7) rates were recorded postfertilization. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. There was no statistical difference in total cleavage rate between the 2 incubation systems. However, the 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst rates were significantly higher for the modular chamber group compared with the tri-gas incubator group (Table 1). In summary, this study suggests that the modular chamber with premixed gas was a better system for culturing zygotes of South African domestic animals to the blastocyst stage. Table 1.Effect of modular chamber and tri-gas incubator on embryo development in vitro This work was funded by the South African National Department of Agriculture, DST-PDP, and the National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant Nos. RT21 and 24000).
6
MEUSBURGER, MAGDALENA, and ALEXANDER JOSEF ANTONITES. "ASSESSING ANTECEDENTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF ACADEMICS AT SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 06 (July 13, 2016): 1650058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616500584.
Анотація:
The knowledge economy is driven by entrepreneurship, and the entrepreneurial university takes on the role of an important catalyst for regional economic and social development. Academics represent key agents of knowledge and technology transfer from university to society. Previous research suggests that academics’ successful engagement in entrepreneurial activities can positively contribute to the development of local society and economy. However, evidence on the antecedents of academic engagement and commercialisation is scarce. This study examines whether aspects related to academics’ human, physical and organisational capital resources influence their engagement in consulting, sponsored research, licensing/assignment of intellectual property (IP) and spin-off creation with industry, government and civil society. The analysis is based on a new and unique data set of 398 individual academic researchers affiliated to South African universities who were awarded a quality rating by South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF) and covers the full spectrum of academic disciplines. Data analysis employed generalised linear models (GLMs) and demonstrated that the availability of human, physical and organisational resources relate to the four entrepreneurial activities in different ways. The findings support the concept that individual factors are more significant than institutional factors in determining entrepreneurial activities. A key finding is that academics’ engagement in entrepreneurial activities is primarily influenced by their prior entrepreneurial experiences. The study provides scholars investigating academic entrepreneurship, policy makers and university administrators with the key resource drivers of entrepreneurial activities and may assist them in establishing the appropriate role of institutions and organisations in promoting entrepreneurial activities of academics.
7
Bester, P. G., N. Wesson, and W. D. Hamman. "Share buy-backs for a selection of JSE listed companies: An exploratory study." South African Journal of Business Management 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v41i4.529.
Анотація:
This study undertook to derive share repurchase trends from a small sample of JSE-listed companies over the nine years, 1999 – 2008. The study also draws attention to the particular obstacles to be overcome when conducting research into the unique South African share repurchases environment.The study finds that 33 companies made 71 repurchase announcements (47 general and 24 specific) via the Securities Exchange News Service (SENS) over the period July 1999 until financial year-end in 2008. On average, 59,0% of the total number of shares (and 49,3% of the total value) repurchased under a general authority is not included in the 3% SENS announcements. General share repurchases represent 47,9% of total repurchases in volume (and 60,5% in terms of value). The total number of shares repurchased (excluding share trust purchases) by the 33 companies shows that 56,8% were repurchased by subsidiaries and 17,1% were subsequent repurchases by companies from subsidiaries. (In value, these repurchases represent 53,7% and 17,2%, respectively.)This study therefore concludes that research based on only the 3% SENS announcements of general share buy-backs results in significant understating of actual total share buy-back activities, and that the South African share repurchase environment presents unique challenges. The main obstacle for future South African research in this field however is the lack of comprehensive and accurate share repurchase data as supplied by South African financial data sources.This material is based upon work supported financially by the National Research Foundation. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and therefore the NRF does not accept any liability in regard thereto.
8
Nedambale, T. L., M. B. Raito, and M. L. Mphaphathi. "214 EFFECT OF OOCYTE SOURCE ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL CAPACITY OF SOUTH AFRICAN IN VITRO-PRODUCED INDIGENOUS CATTLE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab214.
Анотація:
The present study was undertaken to determine whether the source of oocytes (slaughterhouse ovaries from feedlot cows or naturally grazing indigenous cows) would affect in vitro bovine embryo production. Bovine oocytes (n = 1047), aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries from feedlot cows and naturally grazing indigenous cows were randomly allocated to Sanyo, Forma, and Thermo 5% CO2 incubators. Oocytes were then in vitro matured in TCM-199 plus 10% fetal bovine serum, 1 μg mL–1 for both FSH and LH at 39°C for 24 h, and fertilized in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium per treatment group at 39°C. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in vitro per treatment group. Total cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded postfertilization. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Preliminary results demonstrated that there was no effect of incubator or source of oocytes on cleavage and 8-cell embryos. However, the cleavage and embryo developmental rate tended to be lower for the feedlot group, regardless of the incubator used (Table 1). In conclusion, this study suggests that slaughterhouse ovaries obtained from South African indigenous cows from a feedlot resulted in a lower blastocyst formation rate. Further studies are currently underway to count the cell numbers and to conduct embryo transfer. Table 1.Comparison of three different incubators and source of oocytes on embryo development in vitro This work was funded by the South African National Department of Agriculture, DST-PDP, and the National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant. Nos. RT21 and 24000).
9
Govender, Natasha. "Current State of Collections Management Strategies, Standards and Procedures in the Entomology Department at the Durban Natural Science Museum, South Africa." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26289.
Анотація:
The Durban Natural Science Museum (DNSM) is located in the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Its entomology collection is one of three main collections at the museum. The collection consists of 141,000 dried specimens and encompasses 25 of the 29 known insect orders. Most of the specimens originate from South Africa however there is also a small percentage which has international origins. Collection growth is perpetuated by field collection trips and donations. In the recent past, DNSM was afforded the opportunity, through the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) via the Natural History Collections (NHC) Funding Instrument, to digitise insect type specimens and move the entomology research database from Microsoft Access to the web-based data management system, Specify 7. These developments have improved accessibility to the collection especially by those who do not have direct contact and access to the collection. In preparation for the migration to Specify 7, the specimen data was cleaned and standardised by means of an open source online tool, OpenRefine. The tool enabled the analysis and correction of data using an automated process which allowed for maximum productivity. Henceforth, we will ensure that the errors encountered during the data cleaning process will not be repeated. This will be achieved by training data capturers on correct formatting standards and using pick lists in the new database management system to foster consistency. On-going collections care is a core component of the DNSM, however a collections management policy is lacking and therefore such procedures differ somewhat across the three core departments. With regards to the entomology department, temperature and humidity monitoring efforts and mould prevention, detection and collection recovery occur regularly. Durban is a coastal city, and the characteristic high humidity is of great concern because it facilitates mould development on the specimens. Regular monitoring procedures mitigate such outbreaks. The DNSM has joined South Africa’s newly launched Natural Science Collections Facility (NSCF) which is a network of institutions which maintain zoological, botanical and paleontological collections. The NSCF, in consultation with institution representatives, has initiated the development of a collections management policy document which will be adopted by the DNSM as one of its sub-policies once it has been passed. The Durban Natural Science Museum will continue to strive for international best practises in collections management.
10
Wesson, N., and W. D. Hamman. "The repurchase by a holding company of treasury shares held by subsidiaries: A South African perspective." South African Journal of Business Management 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v43i4.480.
Анотація:
This study aims to establish whether the repurchasing of treasury shares by a holding company is a regular occurrence for companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE); whether these repurchasing companies have complied with the relevant legal and reporting requirements; and what their stated motivations were for these repurchases.In a sample of 251 companies listed on the JSE from 1999 till their 2009 financial year-end, 120 (47,8%) companies executed share repurchases. Thirty-six (30%) of the 120 companies repurchased treasury shares from their subsidiaries in 55 different transactions, representing 22% of the total number of shares repurchased.Companies which repurchase treasury shares do not always comply with the legal requirements (such as obligatory Security News Agency (SENS) announcements and circulars); and the accounting requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (relevant to the disclosure of the reconciliation of the number of shares in issue) are applied in an inconsistent manner in annual reports. The most common reason for the repurchase of treasury shares was that the 10% limit (on treasury shares held by subsidiaries) had nearly been reached. Various business purposes were also given. Income tax implications did not seem to be a conclusive motivation for repurchasing treasury shares.The repurchase of treasury shares by the holding company is not allowed in most other countries, like the UK, and presents unique challenges to the South African share repurchase environment. More stringent application of the JSE Listing Requirements, as well as better guidance on the IFRS disclosure requirement on the reconciliation of the number of shares in issue, is needed in South Africa. This will enable stakeholders to make better-informed decisions and will also assist research on share repurchases.This material is based upon work supported financially by the National Research Foundation. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors alone, and the NRF does not accept any liability in regard thereto.
11
Mphaphathi, M. L., M. B. Raito, M. B. Makhafola, D. Luseba, and T. L. Nedambale. "71 COMPARISON OF CRYOPROTECTANTS ON CRYOPRESERVATION OF VENDA COCK SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab71.
Анотація:
Improving the cryopreservation technique for indigenous fowl semen may contribute to the development of cryogene banks in South Africa. The goal was to identify a cryoprotectant among dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), and propanediol (PND) that is compatible with survival after freezing of Venda cock spermatozoa. Six Venda cocks were used for semen collection. The abdominal massaging technique was applied for semen collection from cocks. Individual ejaculates were diluted with modified Kobidil+ (mK+) extender (extender A) at ratio of 1:2 (v/v) before freezing, and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was diluted again at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) with mK+ plus 8% DMSO, EG, and PND (extender B) and equilibrated for 2 h at 5°C. Semen were then transferred into 0.25-mL plastic straws and placed into a programmable freezer (Planer Kryosave). The temperature of the chamber was decreased in a stepwise manner, from 5°C at a rate of 1°C min–1 until it reached the target temperature of –20°C. Finally, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor and plunged into LN2 (–196°C). The semen straws were stored in an LN2 tank at –196°C. After 1 week, frozen semen straws were thawed at 5°C for evaluation of spermatozoa survivability and motility rate at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min, using contrast microscopy (20× magnification). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Spermatozoa live and motility rates were greater before freezing (Table 1) in all groups. There was no significance difference between DMSO and EG with regard to live and motility rates. However, the lowest rates of live and motility spermatozoa were recorded in the PND group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the cryopreservation process reduces sperm quality and propanediol was not suitable for cryopreserving Venda cock spermatozoa. Table 1.Comparison of three CPA on cryopreservation of Venda cock semen This study was funded by the South African National Department of Agriculture, ARC, DST-PDP (RT19000), and National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant. no. RT21 and 24000).
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Masenya, M. B., M. L. Mphaphathi, P. H. Munyai, I. Egerszegi, D. O. Umesiobi, A. Dinnyes, and T. L. Nedambale. "78 EFFECT OF EXTENDER AND STORAGE PERIOD ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN INDIGENOUS KOLBROEK BOAR SPERM CELL MOTILITY RATES FOLLOWING ANALYSIS BY COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab78.
Анотація:
The choice of the short-term extender is important to preserve the quality of the diluted South African indigenous Kolbroek boar semen during short-term storage prior to artificial insemination. The aim of this study was to identify the suitable extender for short-term storage of Kolbroek boar semen at 17°C. Five ejaculates were collected separately from five Kolbroek boars using the gloved-hand technique in a 300-mL glass beaker. The filtered sperm fraction were sealed with a gauze filter inside a prewarmed (39°C) insulated thermos flask. Following semen collection, the semen was evaluated for macroscopic characteristics; semen volume, pH, and concentration. Sperm cells morphology was evaluated using eosin-nigrosin staining solution using fluorescent microscope system. Only ejaculates with >75% motile sperm and <15 abnormalities were used. The semen was pooled and diluted with five different short-term extenders, namely: Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Kobidil+, Hungarian Standard, Citrate, and Tris-based extenders at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Sperm cells motility parameters were evaluated using a sperm class analyzer (SCA) at 0, 3, 24, and 48 h intervals. The data were analysed by SPSS. The results demonstrated that sperm cell motility rate did not differ when stored at 0 (88.9 ± 8.3) and 3 (93.8 ± 4.4) h irrespective of extender. However, semen that was diluted with Hungarian extender and Tris-based extender maintained higher proportion of sperm cells motility (90.0 ± 2.5 and 87.8 ± 4.8, respectively) for a longer period during storage for 24 h as compared with the other extenders. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that prolonged storage of boar sperm cells reduces motility rates. However; Hungarian Standard and Tris-based extenders preserved sperm motility rate better than the other extenders when stored up to 48 h at 17°C. Thus, this study suggests that Kolbroek sperm cells can be transported within 24 to 48 h in South African regions without adversely affecting motility rates when diluted with Hungarian Standard and Tris-based extender at 17°C without cryopreserving them. This study was funded by the Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery, ARC, DST (RT19000), and National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant. No. RT21 and 24000).
13
Mapeka, M. H., K. C. Lehloenya, M. L. Mphaphathi, and T. L. Nedambale. "219 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION RATE OF MATURED PIG OOCYTES BY FROZEN - THAWED KOLBROEK PIG SPERM CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab219.
Анотація:
No studies have investigated the IVF rate of South African indigenous Kolbroek sperm cells following cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to test if frozen–thawed Kolbroek pig sperm cells could penetrate pig oocytes matured in vitro. Pig ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and cumulus–oocytes complexes were obtained by aspiration and were then in vitro matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% pig follicular fluid, 10% fetal bovine serum, and 1 μg mL–1 of FSH and LH. Following 44 h of incubation, 200 matured pig oocytes were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with frozen–thawed and fresh (control) Kolbroek pig sperm cells. For IVF, Kolbroek sperm cells were in vitro capacitated using Brackett and Oliphant’s sperm wash medium. Matured pig oocytes and sperm cells were co-incubated for 24 h in Brackett and Oliphant’s IVF medium. Following fertilization, presumptive zygotes were in vitro cultured at 39°C in 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. Rate of fertilization was identified by the number of cleaved zygotes. Data were analysed by ANOVA. The total motility of Kolboek pig sperm cells used for IVF was 40% for frozen–thawed sperm cells and 80% for fresh sperm cells. The results showed that Kolbroek pig sperm cells were able to penetrate pig oocytes in vitro. However, no significant (P < 0.05) difference was observed in the percentage of cleavage of pig oocytes fertilized with either frozen–thawed (13.25%) or fresh (13.0%) Kolbroek pig sperm cells. The percentage of embryos that developed to the morulae stage was 2% in frozen–thawed sperm cells and was 0% in fresh Kolbroek sperm cells. Furthermore, oocytes fertilized with Kolboek sperm cells did not develop to the blastocyst stage in either treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that frozen–thawed Kolbroek sperm cells are able to fertilize matured pig oocytes in vitro. This study was funded by the Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery, ARC, DST-PDP (RT19000), and National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant No. RT21 and 24000).
14
Fedderke, J. W. "The objectivity of national research foundation peer review in South Africa assessed against bibliometric indexes." Scientometrics 97, no. 2 (March 2, 2013): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-0981-0.
15
O'Donoghue, Rob. "Indigenous Knowledge: Towards Learning Materials and Methodologies that Respond to Social Processes of Marginalisation and Appropriation in Eastern Southern Africa." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 19 (2003): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001476.
Анотація:
AbstractThis study sheds light on how a rich legacy of intergenerational, contextual knowing (indigenous environmental knowledge) was successively overlooked and marginalised, or was appropriated and re-orientated in developing scientific institutions, in eastern southern Africa. The Nguni case evidence reviewed, uncovers a somewhat blind appropriation and reorientation of environmental knowledge in the colonial administration and within emerging scientific institutions. It examines how processes such as this served to marginalise indigenous “ways of knowing,” and consequently, “African knowledge systems” in the region. Evidence of colonial oppression is nothing new, but a closer look at some of the institutional processes involved is used to inform the design of the “IK & Today,” materials being developed with educators and communities by researchers working on The National Research Foundation (NRF) programme of the Rhodes University Environmental Educatiuon Unit.
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Enakrire, Rexwhite Tega. "Publishing Patterns of Health Informatics in Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis." Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management 18, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ejkm.18.3.2121.
Анотація:
This study investigates the publishing patterns of health informatics (HIs) in Africa, with a view to analyse the bibliometric growth. The application of HIs has played an important role in the advancements in medical practice and scholars/academics’ teaching and learning at higher education institutions. The aim of analysing the volume of publications of HIs was to establish the research impact, visibility and output of academics, in order to promote scholarly communication and knowledge sharing, and contribute to existing knowledge in this field of study. Interpretive document analysis was applied to literature extracted from the Scopus database for the period between 1987 to 2018. The keywords entered for search engine optimisation were “Health Informatics” and “Africa”. The duration of the study - from when data was harvested, collated and analysis to when the data was presented in tables and then discussed - was three weeks. The results obtained revealed that there were 2332 papers published within this period. The publications were communicated through different avenues, including articles, conference papers, review and others. Publications on medicine was at the top of the list of subject areas recorded. The top journal, where papers in HIs were published, is Plos One. South Africa was among the top countries that published research on HIs. In relation to institution affiliation, University of Cape Town was identified as the higher education institution that produced the highest number of publications, with 128 publications. In terms of funding bodies that supported research, thus leading to publication of papers in HIs, it was found that the National Institute of Health, South African Medical Council, United States Agency for International Development, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Research Foundation played crucial roles.
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Cho, Hyeongtae, and SungMan Yoon. "Investment asset allocation in response to tax relief for mutual funds: The case of South Korea." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(3).2021.29.
Анотація:
This study examines whether the management style of a fund differs depending on the type of fund being managed for tax purposes, given the rules of temporary tax relief for fund investments. The study considers a change in the ratio of tax-favored assets to the net asset value of a tax relief qualified fund around the effective date of tax relief laws in South Korea in 2007 and 2016. A regression model is used to test sample data from domestic and overseas equity funds available in the three months before and after the 2007 and 2016 Restriction of Special Taxation Act came into effect. It was found that the ratio of the value of tax-favored assets to the net asset value in the tax relief qualified fund increased significantly since the enactment of tax relief laws in both 2007 and 2016. These findings suggest that fund managers may try to change the asset allocation in a managed fund to increase the after-tax return of the fund investor, which means that fund managers do take into account the potential tax burden on fund investors and try to minimize it. AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF- 2019S1A5A8035027).
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Im, Hyo Hyeon, Hyungie Doo, Hyejin Chun, Eunkyung Suh, Kunhee Han, Chunyang Wang, and Miae Doo. "The Association Between Sleep Quality and Eating Habits among International Students in South Korea." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_060.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives This study was performed to identify the relationship between sleep quality and eating habits change after going abroad for international students in South Korea. Methods Using self-report questionnaires, data on general characteristics, health-related variables, sleep pattern and eating habits after going abroad were collected from 225 international students (105 men; 120 women). Results More half of the international students experienced poor sleep quality [poor by PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) = 52.0%]. Subjects who reported poor sleep quality had significantly higher total score of eating habits after going abroad (P-value < 0.001), the change of environment for dietary consumption (P = value = 0.010) and eating problems after going abroad (P-value = 0.001) than those who reporting good sleep quality. The high BMI (P-value = 0.043) and risk for overweight and obesity [odd ratio (95% CI) = 2.621 (1.301–5.280), P = value = 0.007] showed the subjects with poor sleep quality. Among subjects with worse eating habits after going abroad, the subjects with poor sleep quality increased their risk for overweight and obesity (OR = 3.433, 95% CI = 1.063–11.085, P = value = 0.039) compared to subjects with good sleep quality. However, those findings were not shown the subjects with better eating habits after going abroad. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that sleep quality was associated with eating habits after going abroad, and overweight and obesity among international students in South Korea. Funding Sources This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019R1C1C1002149) funded by the Ministry of Science.
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Ndebele, Clever. "Nurturing research capacity among emerging academics through mentoring : reflections from a pilot at a historically disadvantaged South African university." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2020/v9n4a3.
Анотація:
The need to develop the next generation of academics to replace the aging professorate in South Africa has been on the agenda of the departments of higher education and training for some time, gaining momentum in recent years. The Higher Education South Africa (HESA)'s Publication on the National Programme to Develop the Next Generation of Academics for South African Higher Education (2011) paints a dire situation for the higher education industry with regards to the attraction and retention of academic staff. Key challenges identified in the report include the aging profile of academics, poor remuneration of academics, the current postgraduate pipeline and expansion of the higher education sector. Using the Communities of Practice (CoPs) theoretical framework, this paper unpacks an initiative by a professor at a South African university to develop research capacity among emerging academics through a collaborative mentorship programme with five emerging academics. The major findings of the study include, among other things, development of the mentees identity as both academics and researchers, a boost in the mentees research profiles and the development of a community of practice. The study recommends that supervisors and promoters should be supported financially by historically disadvantaged institutions or the National Research Foundation to mentor and nurture emerging academics from historically disadvantaged backgrounds and that such mentorship initiatives be formalised and incentivised as a token of appreciation for both mentors and mentees.
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Theron, P. D., and Gilberto Moraes. "More than 40 years of excellence: the outstanding contribution of the South African Edward A. Ueckermann to acarology." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.7.15.
Анотація:
Great contribution to acarology has been provided by the South African taxonomist Edward A. Ueckermann, for the knowledge of mites of his country and of several other countries. His major contribution for more than 40 years concerns predaceous and phytophagous mites of many different families. He has conducted collaborative works with researchers from different countries, including Cape Verde, Marion and Reunion Islands, Israel, Kenya, Egypt, Zambia, Zimbabwe, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Brazil, Iran and USA. In addition, he has trained researchers and students of different countries in his specialty. More than 240 new species and 23 new genera were described by him, in more than 212 high quality scientific papers. His contribution has been recently recognized by the South Africa National Research Foundation, entitling him to receive incentive funding. Despite retiring in January 2016, he continues to participate in research activities in full professional capacity, collaborating with researchers from South Africa and elsewhere.
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Marimuthu, Ferina. "Government assistance to state-owned enterprises: a hindrance to financial performance." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.04.
Анотація:
This study aimed to examine whether government financial assistance influences the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. Commercial state-owned enterprises in South Africa that are listed under the Public Financial Management Act during the post-apartheid era from 1995 to 2017 were sampled. Government guarantees were measured as a dummy variable, while financial performance was measured by accounting measure: return on assets (ROA). Endogeneity issues were addressed, and data analysis was performed on an unbalanced panel using the two-step system GMM. The empirical evidence indicated that support by the government in the form of guarantees and subsidies has a significant negative effect on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. This is an indication that continued government bailouts to poor performing state-owned enterprises exacerbates their poor financial performance and encourages these enterprises to become too reliant on government assistance, burdening the national fiscus. AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the National Research Foundation of South Africa for the research grant and Dr Farai Kwenda for his supervision during the study.
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Guo, Bao-Zhu. "Active Disturbance Rejection Control: from ODEs to PDEs**This work was carried out with the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Research Foundation of South Africa." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 8 (2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.454.
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Zhou, Hua-Cheng, Bao-Zhu Guo, and Cui-Zhen Yao. "Output Feedback Stabilization for Multi-Dimensional Wave Equation with Boundary Control Matched Disturbance * *This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, and the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 800/14)." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 6793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1198.
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Olivier, Laurentz E., and Ian K. Craig. "Fault-tolerant Nonlinear MPC using Particle Filtering**This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Number 90533)." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 7 (2016): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.242.
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Mokhele, Khotso. "Using Astronomy to shape a country's science and technology landscape." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314011983.
Анотація:
AbstractThere is data abundant to show a positive correlation between a nation's investment in science, engineering and technology and the economic prosperity of that nation. Yet, there remain many countries in the world, particularly in developing countries, where little, if any, serious investment in science, engineering and technology is evident. Even in these countries, policy documents speak positively about the positive correlation between investment in science, engineering and technology and national development and prosperity. Unfortunately these positive policy statements rarely get converted into real investment. When the National Research Foundation was founded in Post-Apartheid South Africa it set out to “. . .contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of all people. . .” and its inspiring vision was to achieve “A prosperous South Africa and African continent steeped in a knowledge culture, free of widespread diseases and poverty, and proud contributors to the well-being of humanity." This organisation, with its altruistic vision, succeeded in convincing the emerging government to invest in and support the construction of the Southern African Large Telescope as one of its flagship projects. This decision was subsequently followed by a high level national decision to leverage South Africa's geographical advantage to host major global astronomy facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array. This presentation highlighted the reasons for such decisions and how we went about motivating government organs that investing in astronomy would contribute to addressing societal challenges by stimulating the science and technology landscape.
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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna, and Christa Grobler. "Vitamin D Status of a Low-Income Elderly Community in South Africa." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_080.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives Previous studies in the same elderly community found poverty, food insecurity and a double burden of malnutrition (iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies and chronic non-communicable diseases), however, a paucity of data exists about vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency for South African elderly. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency among the elderly and its relationship to food insecurity, dietary diversity and common symptoms associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Methods This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 79 independently living elderly voluntarily attending an elderly care center in Sharpeville, South Africa. Measurements included socio-demographic (age, gender) and health (symptoms of VDD), physical activity-, dietary diversity- and food insecurity (validated household food insecurity access score) data, as well as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D3) levels ascertained by electrohemiluminescence immunoassay. The respondents were divided into VDD (<25 nmol/L), vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) (≥25 < 50 nmol/L) and vitamin D adequate (VDA) (≥50 nmol/L) groups. IBM SPSS Software, version 26.0 was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results VDD and VDI was observed in 3.8% and 32.9% of elderly respectively. Of the total sample, 11.4% were moderately and 21.5% severely food insecure. The mean(±SD) dietary diversity score was 5.88(±3.95). Only 3.8% of the elderly were not physically active. Significant differences were observed between the VDA, VDI and VDD groups for gender (P = 0.004), age (P = 0.011), back/joint pain (P = 0.035), and the dairy food group diversity score (P = 0.008). No other significant differences were observed. Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a problem in these elderly community and associated with back/joint pain that may result in impaired functionality/mobility that can exacerbate food access and food insecurity. This study further supports the importance of dairy consumption to prevent VDI and VDD. Funding Sources National Research Foundation (South Africa).
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Lambeck, Kurt. "Anton Linder Hales 1911–2006." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18022.
Анотація:
Anton Linder Hales died in Canberra on 11 December 2006. He was a distinguished geophysicist of international renown who made major contributions to understanding the structure and evolution of the deep Earth through the combination of theoretical developments, field experimentation and laboratory measurements, including in whole-mantle convection, palaeomagnetism, geochronology and seismology. He was also a creative and highly successful builder of research institutions on three continents, in South Africa, the USA and Australia. The last of these was as Foundation Director of the Research School of Earth Sciences at the Australian National University, leaving behind one of the leading geoscience research institutions in the world. His career spanned a period in which earth science was undergoing rapid evolution—from a ‘fixist’ view of the planet to the ‘highly dynamic’ view that we have today, an evolution to which he made important contributions both through his own research and his scientific leadership at institutional and international level.
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Olivier, Laurentz E., and Ian K. Craig. "Model-based fault-tolerant control with robustness to unanticipated faults * *This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Number 90533)." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.401.
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Lever, Christopher. "South African Red Data Book—Terrestrial Mammals (South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 125) Reay H. N. Smithers Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, 1986, 216 pp, SB (no price given)." Oryx 21, no. 3 (July 1987): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530002706x.
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Ramaswamy, Rohit, Tobias Chirwa, Kathryn Salisbury, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Latifat Ibisomi, Laetitia Rispel, Charles van der Horst, and Audrey Pettifor. "Developing a Field of Study in Implementation Science for the Africa Region: The Wits–UNC AIDS Implementation Science Fogarty D43." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379919897088.
Анотація:
From 2014 to 2019, the Wits–UNC (University of Witwatersrand and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) AIDS Implementation Science D43 Training Program laid critical academic foundation by creating a graduate degree program in implementation science (IS) for master’s- and doctoral-level students in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Wits School of Public Health. Before this collaboration, funded by the Fogarty International Center (FIC) at National Institutes of Health, no IS degree existed in Southern Africa. The FIC “D43” is an international research training grant mechanism to strengthen global health research expertise through education. Historically, students from low-resource settings have been trained in health sciences at universities in the United States or the United Kingdom. This is not scalable or sustainable and therefore this D43 focused on building capacity in South Africa where HIV-related challenges are located. Consequently, South Africans and other African international students were able to apply to the newly offered program, allowing training at significantly lower costs. IS allows a systematic assessment of factors affecting the implementation of HIV interventions and in developing strategies for addressing them. It guides the successful scale-up of effective programs and informs policy to improve programs. The training aims to assist in lowering the HIV incidence rate, suppressing viral load for those infected, and meeting the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A second cycle of funding from 2019 to 2024 will enable the infrastructure built in the first program to train South African HIV researchers and practitioners in the field who are unable to enroll in a formal academic program.
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Nam, Eun Woo, Afisah Zakaria, Festus Adams, Young Suk Jun, and Richard Adanu. "Comparison of maternal health services and indicators in three districts of the Volta Region, Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 50, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v50i3.2.
Анотація:
Background: Ghana’s maternal mortality ratio continues to decline, but is not expected to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 target. The Ghana Health Service and Ministry of Health have displayed a high commitment to the improvement of maternal health in the country. One of the most recent partnerships directed at this is with the Korea International Cooperation Agency.Methods: This study was conducted among women between ages 15 and 49 resident in Keta Municipal, Ketu North and Ketu South districts in the Volta Region of Ghana who were pregnant or who had children aged less than five. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee. Data were collected using questionnaires, entered into Stata version 12 and analyzed using frequency distribution and assessment of means. Comparisons among districts were conducted using chi square test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The study covered 630 women whose mean age was 28.4 years. Almost all participants (99.1%) from Ketu North knew where to obtain family planning services. Use of modern contraception was highest in Ketu North with 31% of respondents using a modern method. Delivery in a health facility was highest in Keta Municipal (62.3%) with overall institutional delivery being 57.6%. Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) was also highest in Keta Municipal.Conclusion: Indicators used to assess maternal health services show a coverage of over 50% but we need to improve institutional delivery, use of modern contraception and education about danger signs in pregnancy. Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2013S1A5B8A01055336) and the Korea International Cooperation Agency(2013).Keywords: Maternal Health, Ghana, Volta Region, Family Planning, Skilled Birth Attendant
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Carnelley, Marita. "In Search of the Perceived Quality and Impact of Accredited South African Law Journals: Exploring the Possibility of a Ranking System. A Baseline Study: 2009 – 2014." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 21 (January 22, 2018): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a3459.
Анотація:
The DHET Research Output Policy (2015) indicates that there has been a change in the government’s approach to research funding. Previously all research published in any accredited journal was rewarded equally. A decision has been taken, however, that a shift will be made towards rewarding better quality and higher impact peer-review research. Additional mechanisms such as biometric/bibliometric data, including citations, assessments by discipline-specific panels of experts and/or post-publication reviews may be used to determine the quality and impact of publications. The policy notes that the DHET may distinguish between "high" and "low" impact journals after proper consultation.
This article highlights the need for consultation by the legal fraternity with the DHET about the implementation of these possible mechanisms in the light of the special considerations applicable to the evaluation of law journals: most journals publish mainly local legal content, there is a limited number of active legal academics, the nature of legal research is not empirical, and a premium is placed on the writing of books.
The research evaluates the available data between 2009 and 2014 in an attempt to assess if it would be appropriate to introduce a legal journal ranking system in South Africa. The article discusses direct and indirect forms of quality evaluation to inform possible ranking systems. This includes the data from the ASSAf expert panel evaluation of law journals in 2014 and other bibliometric data based on whether the journal is featured in international accredited lists, the size of its print-run, author prominence, rejection-rate, usage studies, and evaluations based on citations. An additional ranking system is considered, based on the five best outputs submitted to the National Research Foundation by applicants applying for rating.
The article concludes that a law journal ranking system would be inappropriate for South Africa. None of the systems meet the minimum requirements for a trustworthy ranking of South African law journals, as the data available are insufficient, non-verifiable and not based on objective quality-sensitive criteria. Consultation with the DHET is essential and urgent to avoid the implementation of inappropriate measures of quality and impact assessmen
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Foreman, Emma, Isla Leslie, Hannah Lyons, Katherine Piddock, Anguraj Sadanandam, Alison Sanneh, Susannah Jane Stanway, Julie Webb, and Richard Cowan. "Collaborating with low- and middle-income countries: Experience from two of the United Kingdom’s comprehensive cancer centers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e23014-e23014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e23014.
Анотація:
e23014 Background: The number of annual global cancer deaths is rising and the majority of this burden, for a multitude of reasons, falls in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). With the United Nations’ 3rd and 17th Sustainable Development Goals in mind (which include by 2030 “reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases” and “partnership for the goals”) a survey was undertaken at the UK’s two largest comprehensive cancer centres to scope individual and team endeavours to work with colleagues in less well-resourced countries. Methods: Employees at the Royal Marsden Foundation Trust (RM) and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London and Surrey, UK and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust (Christie), Manchester were invited to complete a survey to capture collaborative clinical care, research, education and training. Results: Responses were received from 520 multidisciplinary individuals across the 2 centres to two similar questionnaires. A large number had experience of working in some capacity in, or in collaboration with an LMIC. At the RM 14.62% of respondees were currently working with colleagues in LMICs. At The Christie 13.22% of staff had experience of working in LMICs in a supportive capacity. Those currently collaborating with colleagues in LMICs were working in a wide range of countries across Asia, Africa and South America in a range of initiatives spanning clinical care, research, education and training. Of those who answered the survey 64% at The Christie said they’d like to hear more about opportunities to be involved in supporting global health care, and 89% at RM/ICR said they’d be interested in joining a collaborative group working on global oncology initiatives at the institutions. Conclusions: This survey highlights the body of willing, interested individuals keen to work with colleagues in LMICs to improve cancer outcomes. The launch of the UK Global Cancer Network in 2020 will build upon these two surveys with a planned national survey of global health and cancer work undertaken by individuals in 2021.
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Heim, Richard R., and Michael J. Brewer. "The Global Drought Monitor Portal: The Foundation for a Global Drought Information System." Earth Interactions 16, no. 15 (December 1, 2012): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei000446.1.
Анотація:
Abstract The international scientific community has long recognized the need for coordinated drought monitoring and response, but many factors have prevented progress in the development of a Global Drought Early Warning System (GDEWS): some of which involve administrative issues (coordinated international action and policy) while others involve scientific, technological, and logistical issues. The creation of the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Portal within the United States provided an opportunity to take the first steps toward building the informational foundation for a GDEWS: that is, a Global Drought Information System (GDIS). At a series of workshops sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Group on Earth Observations (GEO) held in Asheville, North Carolina, in April 2010, it was recommended that a modular approach be taken in the creation of a GDIS and that the NIDIS Portal serve as the foundation for the GDIS structure. Once a NIDIS-based Global Drought Monitor (GDM) Portal (GDMP) established an international drought clearinghouse, the various components of a GDIS (drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, history, research, and education) and later a GDEWS (drought relief, recovery, and planning) could be constructed atop it. The NIDIS Portal is a web-based information system created to address drought services and early warning in the United States, including drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, mitigation, research, and education. This portal utilizes Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web mapping services (WMS) to incorporate continental drought monitors into the GDMP. As of early 2012, the GDM has incorporated continental drought information for North America (North American Drought Monitor), Europe (European Drought Observatory), and Africa (African Drought Monitor developed by Princeton University); interest has been expressed by groups representing Australia and South America; and coordination with appropriate parties in Asia is also expected. Because of the range of climates across the world and the diverse nature of drought and the sectors it impacts, the construction and functioning of each continental drought monitor needs to be appropriate for the continent in question. The GDMP includes a suite of global drought indicators identified by experts and adopted by the WMO as the necessary measures to examine drought from a meteorological standpoint; these global drought indicators provide a base to assist the global integration and interpretation of the continental drought monitors. The GDMP has been included in recent updates to the GEO Work Plan and has benefited from substantial coordination with WMO on both their Global Framework for Climate Services and the National Drought Policy efforts. The GDMP is recognized as having the potential to be a major contributor to both of these activities.
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Oyewo, Toyese, Odunayo Magret Olarewaju, Melanie Bernice Cloete, and Olukorede Tijani Adenuga. "Environmental costs estimation and mathematical model of marginal social cost: A case study of coal power plants." Environmental Economics 12, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.12(1).2021.08.
Анотація:
An increase in electricity production is proportional to environmental risks due to continuous energy production. The paper aims to quantitatively estimate the environmental costs and mathematically model the marginal social cost associated with the lifespan of the coal power plants. Results revealed South Africa Tier 1 company optimum level of electricity production per annum at around 2.15 gigawatts, considering the emission costs and reasonable profit. 85% of the total emissions during the combustion phase average cost of the C02 emission discharged by coal is calculated as 0.23c/KWh, 0.085c/kWh is calculated for NO2, while SO2 is 0.035c/KWh. Total emission cost represents 69.2% of the total cost of producing 1 MGW of electricity. The results confirmed the company losses to be insignificantly considerable to the evaluated environmental costs and capital investment. However, the use of this newly developed mathematical model depends on the source of energy production to confirm the feasibility and profitability of investment in coal-powered stations using environmental management accounting and marginal social cost approaches. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to acknowledge the National Research Foundation and Durban University of Technology for financial support.
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Beattie, Pauline, and Moses Bockarie. "THE NINTH FORUM OF THE EUROPEAN & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLINICAL TRIALS PARTNERSHIP." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.1.
Анотація:
The EDCTP community meets biennially to share research findings, plan new partnerships and collaborations, and discuss maximising impact from EDCTP-funded research. In 2018, the Ninth EDCTP Forum took place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 17–21 September 2018. The Lisbon meeting was the largest international conference focusing on clinical research on poverty-related infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. It started with a strong commitment, from European and African EDCTP member countries, for a successor programme to EDCTP2 (2014–2024). It provided a platform for the presentation of project results and discussion of progress in clinical research and capacity strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa.The theme of the Ninth Forum was ‘Clinical research and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa: the impact of North-South partnerships’. This reflected not only the broader scope of a larger EDCTP research programme but also the growing awareness of the need for global cooperation to prepare for public health emergencies and strengthen health systems. The theme highlighted the impact of Europe-Africa partnerships supporting clinical research and the clinical research environment, towards achieving the sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa.A central topic of the Forum was the discussion of the character and scope of an EDCTP successor programme, which should start in 2021 under the next European Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon Europe. On 17 September, a high-level meeting on this topic took place immediately before the opening of the Forum1. On 19 September, the plenary session continued this discussion through a panel of representatives of strategic partners. There was consensus on the added value of the programme for Europe and the countries in sub-Saharan Africa and political commitment to a successor programme. Poverty-related infectious diseases and a partnership approach will remain central to the programme. There was also a general awareness that all participating countries would need to engage more strongly with a successor programme, both in its governance and in their financial contributions to its objectives.The Forum hosted 550 participants from more than 50countries. The programme consisted of keynote addresses by policy makers, research leaders, and prominent speakers from Europe and Africa in 5 plenary presentations. There were 9 symposia, 45 oral presentations in parallel sessions, and 74 electronic poster presentations. Abstracts of the plenary, oral and poster presentations are published in this supplement to BMJ Global Health.EDCTP is proud of its contribution to strengthening clinical research capacity in Africa, with more than 400 postgraduate students and 56 EDCTP fellows supported under the first EDCTP programme. The second programme developed a comprehensive fellowship scheme. More than 100 EDCTP fellows (former and current) participated in a one-day pre-conference to discuss the further development of our Alumni Network launched in 2017. The Forum also offered scholarships to many early and mid-career researchers from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP member countries and sponsors, they were able to present results of their studies and meet colleagues from Africa and Europe.The Forum also provided the appropriate platform for recognising individual and team achievements through the four EDCTP 2018 Prizes. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP recognised outstanding individuals and research teams from Africa and Europe. In addition to their scientific excellence, the awardees made major contributions to the EDCTP objectives of clinical research capacity development in Africa and establishing research networks between North and South as well as within sub-Saharan Africa.Dr Pascoal Mocumbi Prize Professor Souleyman Mboup (Professor of Microbiology, University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar; Head of the Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory of CHU Le Dantec, Dakar; and President of IRESSEF, Senegal) was recognised for his outstanding achievements in advancing health research and capacity development in Africa.Outstanding Research Team Prize The prize was awarded to the team of the CHAPAS (Children with HIV in Africa – Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of simple antiretroviral regimens) studies, led by Professor Diana Gibb (MRC Clinical Trials Unit, United Kingdom).Outstanding Female Scientist Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Gita Ramjee (Chief Specialist Scientist and Director of the HIV Prevention Research Unit of the South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa) for her outstanding contributions to her field.Scientific Leadership Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Keertan Dheda (Head of the Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity and Head of the Division of Pulmonology at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, South Africa) for his research contributions and leadership.Partnership is at the core of the EDCTP mission. In the year before the Forum, Nigeria and Ethiopia were welcomed as the newest member countries of the EDCTP Association, while Angola became an aspirant member. Partnership was also demonstrated by the many stakeholders who enriched the programme by organising scientific symposia, collaborative sessions and workshops. We thank our sponsors Novartis, Merck, the European Union, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Institute of Health Carlos III (Spain), the National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health (France), the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), the Swedish International Development Agency (Sweden), ClinaPharm (African CRO), the Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung (Germany), The Global Health Network (United Kingdom), PATH, and ScreenTB. We gratefully acknowledge the support of our partners and hosts of the Forum, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.The tenth EDCTP Forum will take place in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020.
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Muratshina, K. G. "BRICS GROUP AS AN ACTOR OF WORLD POLITICS." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-423-437.
Анотація:
This paper analyzes the self-positioning of the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) in world politics. The author has studied BRICS multilateral documents, addressed to the rest of the world, from 2009 to 2019, the documents related to summits procedure, and the related news archives of the international mass media. By means of discourse analysis, the paper traces the collective view of the group on the international issues, the changes in the group’s self-representation, and the reasons for them. The author concludes that, in spite of legally being not an intergovernmental organization, but a forum, BRICS still has a joint and consolidated position on many international issues, which is being outlined in the group’s multilateral documents. Shared views cover such issues as the reform of international financial institutions, the reform of the United Nations Organization, the regional conflicts in Africa and in the Middle East, the need for increase in representation of the Global South in international financial institutions, the international struggle against terrorism and other security threats. In addition, since 2013, BRICS has carried out annual (except for 2019) joint meetings with non-BRICS countries during its summits. In 2013-2016, there were BRICS meetings with the representatives of the chair country’s region. In 2018, there were two meetings held: “BRICS plus” summit with the leading countries of the international institutions of the Global South, and “BRICS outreach” summit with regional leaders. In 2020, both formats were planned, too. Therefore, we can observe the group’s self-positioning as an actor of world politics, however, at the same time, this trend largely depends on the priorities of the chair country every year. Each of the member countries has its own view of the group, and each tries to fulfill its own needs. Probably, the group would be fully self-represented as a world politics actor, if the states’ foreign policies were more consolidated. Yet, they do not reach complete consensus, because of the divergent national interests. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 18-18-00236)
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Sun, Bei, Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä-Jounela, Yancho Todorov, Laurentz E. Olivier, and Ian K. Craig. "Perspective for equipment automation in process industries ⁎ ⁎This work is based on research supported by the project (No. 296432), Towards sustainable mineral processing via plantwide eMPC, Mineral Resources and Material Substitution-MISU, 2014-2019 Int. call for joint projects in mineral resources research, South Africa and Academy of Finland, project 5G meets Industrial Internet financed by Technology Industries (No. 3102144), the National Natural Science Foundation of China project (No. 61603418), the 111 Project (B17048), the National Research Foundation of South Africa (IRC grant number 103666)." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 2 (December 2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.12.012.
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Abdolmohammadi, Mohammad. "Correlates of Co-Sourcing/Outsourcing of Internal Audit Activities." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 32, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50453.
Анотація:
SUMMARY: I use responses from 1,059 chief audit executives (CAEs) of organizations located in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the U.K./Ireland, and the U.S. to investigate several correlates of co-sourcing and/or outsourcing (hereafter, simply “outsourcing”) of internal audit activities. An important finding of the study is that audit committee involvement is positively and significantly associated with outsourcing of internal audit activities. Interactions of audit committee involvement with organization size and location generally indicate that medium and large international/multinational organizations with audit committee involvement outsource more than medium and large local/national organizations with no audit committee involvement. Analysis of control variables produces significance for an inverse relationship between outsourcing and value-added activities of the internal audit function, and for positive relationships between outsourcing and missing skill set and audit staff vacancies. Other control variables, such as CAE age, college degree (graduate/undergraduate), major (accounting versus others), internal audit certification, and regular meetings with the audit committee do not show significant associations with outsourcing. Also, country of residence (U.S. versus other Anglo-culture countries) is not significant, but for-profit organizations outsource significantly more of their internal audit activities than not-for-profit/governmental organizations. Data Availability: Please contact the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation, which owns the CBOK (2010) database used in this study.
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Osei-Fofie, Daniel. "Effective Collaborative Project to Reduce Disparities and Inequities in Cancer Care and for Cancer Control in Low-Resource Setting Countries: South African Experience." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (July 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.62000.
Анотація:
PURPOSE The Northern Cape Province is the largest province in South Africa; however, it has the fewest resources for cancer care. There is a high incidence and prevalence of mesothelioma and lung cancer as a result of the previous indiscriminate mining of asbestos without proper legislation for the protection of miners and the environment. Mine dumps remain near villages and schools after the banning of asbestos mining, resulting in continuous exposure to asbestos fibers. Unfortunately, majority of cancers are diagnosed in late stages because of a lack of awareness and the misdiagnosis of lung cancer and mesothelioma as tuberculosis. METHODS The Northern Cape Department of Health, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, and Cancer Charity Workers formed a collaboration in May 2017 to reduce disparities and inequities in cancer care and for cancer control. The Northern Cape Department of Health also collaborated with Project ECHO at the University of New Mexico to use the ECHO model for training community health care workers, training in palliative care, and mentorship and empowerment of doctors and nurses in rural areas. The aim is to recognize early symptoms and signs of cancers affecting the lung and to make referrals for early diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS An advocacy group has engaged the Provincial and National Department of Mining and Environmental Affairs for rehabilitation of asbestos mine dumps. Community health care workers have been trained and are assisting with community awareness and patient navigation. Doctors have been trained in palliative care and are training other health care workers in palliative care. A center of excellence for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, palliative care, survivorship, and research has been established. Retention of doctors and nurses in rural areas for cancer care and early referral is improving. A lung cancer research laboratory is being set up. CONCLUSION Effective collaborative projects can help address disparities in cancer care and effective cancer control in areas with limited resources.
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Gardner, William, and Nicholas Kassebaum. "Global, Regional, and National Prevalence and Trends in Infant Breastfeeding Status in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990–2019." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_064.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives To estimate prevalence of breastfeeding (exclusive, predominant, partial, and none) and trends for infants under six months of age for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods We conducted a systematic review for data on breastfeeding status for children under six months of age. We used survey and food diary data to categorize breastfeeding status into exclusive, predominant, partial, and none. Using a 3-step spatio-temporal Gaussian process regression, we modeled the prevalence of each breastfeeding category in 204 countries and territories, 1990 to 2019. Results Global prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in infants less than six months of age was 43.5% (95% CI 42.7–44.3) in 2019, up from 34.0% (32.7–35.3) in 1990. Globally, non-exclusive breastfeeding was distributed 30.5% (29.8–31.1) predominant, 16.6% (16.2–17.0) partial, and 9.4% (8.9–10.0) no breastfeeding in 2019. Each of these categories experienced a decline in prevalence since 1990, when non-exclusive breastfeeding was 37.0% (36.0–38.1) predominant, 18.7% (18.1–19.4) partial, and 10.2% (9.5–11.0%) no breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding was highest in Andean Latin America (59.7% [57.4–61.9]), Oceania (56.8% [53.2–60.0]), and South Asia (53.9% [53.2–60.0]). There was marked geographic variation in the distribution of non-exclusive breastfeeding types. Predominant breastfeeding was highest in Western Sub-Saharan Africa (51.5% [49.8–53.2]) and Central Asia (47.2% [45.3–49.0), partial breastfeeding was highest in Southern Latin America (31.1% [28.4–34.0]) and the Caribbean (29.3% [27.6–31.1]), and no breastfeeding was highest in High-income North America (36.7% [31.0–42.5]) and Australasia (32.4% [26.3–36.4]). Conclusions Since 1990, global prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding has increased nearly 10 percentage points. Nonetheless, many countries are not on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Target of at least 50% of infants under 6 months exclusively breastfeeding. These cross-nationally comparable estimates of current levels and trends in breastfeeding status provide useful data for targeting interventions to improve breastfeeding practices and to help alleviate the associated global burden of infant malnutrition. Funding Sources Funding for this research was provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Iravani, Mohsen, Leila Riahi, Kianoush Abdi, and Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi Seyed. "A Comparative Study of the Rehabilitation Services Systems for People With Disabilities." Journal of Rehabilitation 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.21.4.3225.1.
Анотація:
Objective: Providing desirable rehabilitation services to people with disabilities has always been one of the most critical concerns of the health system in all countries. Today, it is crucial for policymakers and health care providers to recognize the different systems for providing rehabilitation services to people with disabilities. In this regard, it is beneficial to conduct comparative studies and use successful countries’ experiences in this subject. This comparison-analytical study aimed to compare the systems for providing rehabilitation services to people with disabilities. Materials & Methods: This comparative study was conducted in nine countries in 2020. To determine the comparison framework in this research, four dimensions of health systems’ functions were used based on the 2000 report of the World Health Organization. The countries were compared in dimensions of stewardship, resource production, financing, and service provision. Findings obtained from each country were presented separately in the comparative tables. The model used in this comparative study was based on the Beredy Model that contains four stages of description, interpretation, proximity, and comparison. In the present study, the purposive sampling method was used. The statistical population included rehabilitation systems globally, and the research examples were Iran, China, Turkey, India, the USA, Mexico, Germany, England, and South Africa. Criteria for entering the research according to the functional model of the World Health Organization were the availability of data and selecting at least one country from each continent of America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Results: The findings showed that in Iran, the Welfare Organization was responsible for providing rehabilitation services for people with disabilities, while in other countries, it was the Ministry of Health. Also, to compare resource production, two staff training indicators and access to comprehensive national data were used. In all countries studied, the training of specialized human resources is done through the university system. Iran, India, and Mexico did not have full access to comprehensive national data, but the United States, Germany, China, South Africa, and Turkey provided the platform for planning and policy-making. Moreover, funding in Germany, the United States, China, and Turkey is mainly provided through the insurance system. In the United Kingdom, it is mainly provided through tax, but in Iran, it is provided through subsidies from the public revenues and taxes. Finally, besides the private sector, rehabilitation services in Iran’s public sector were provided incoherently by various organizations. Some of these organizations are the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Exceptional Education Organization, the Red Crescent, the State Welfare Organization, and the Martyrs and Veterans Affairs Foundation, while in other countries, these services are often provided through hospitals and the private sectors. Conclusion: Despite the numerous strengths in the system of providing rehabilitation services to the disabled in Iran, the integration of the rehabilitation sectors of various organizations within the Ministry of Health not only increases the inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral coordination, the coherence of management, and unified policy, but also leads to reduced costs, proper allocation of resources and increased financial resources in this sector. Besides, it leads to a reduction in overlapping tasks and responsibilities and prevention of duplication of work, training of specialized personnel based on the needs, and finally providing more desirable services. Therefore, policymakers and planners must review and reform the laws and processes to form a system for providing rehabilitation services to the disabled in Iran.
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Henning, Elizabeth. "Views of childhood and knowledge of children." South African Journal of Childhood Education 4, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i2.200.
Анотація:
<p>In a country where there is a consistent loud outcry about school achievement of youth<br />in the final school examination in Grade 12, attention has recently shifted to children in<br />the primary school. The very founding of this journal was motivated by a deep concern<br />about research in childhood education and children’s lives. Questions were being asked<br />about what happens in the first years of schooling, about the suitability of the national<br />curriculum for such a diverse population, about specialised research in the field of<br />learning in the early years, and about teaching with care and with insight, knowing<br />who the children of this nation are.<br />The journal took an early stand when, at its launch in 2010, the editor noted that the<br />notion of a national foundation phase curriculum assumes the existence of a ‘national’<br />Grade 1 learner. In South Africa there are children who come to school, well prepared<br />for the demands of school – and there are others who come with only their survival<br />records in homes of extreme poverty, of absent parents and of families broken by the<br />effects of the history of the nation and the effects of disease. Much as we would like<br />to see a standard of performance expected from the ‘national’ young learner, we need<br />to see the layers of diversity too. Can such a stratified population, socially fractured<br />in many ways, truly enact a differentiated curriculum for children who have so much<br />and for children who have so little at the same time and at the same pace? Can our<br />foundation phase classes be truly inclusive?<br />It remains a vexing question. Much research is needed to even try to give a robust<br />response. In recent years, in the research of the Centre for Education Practice Research<br />at my home institution, we have encountered more than 3000 children between five<br />and seven years old in an extensive interview test of mathematical cognition. In the<br />process we found children who had never encountered a print drawing and children<br />who did not know that a page can be turned. However, the very same children had<br />a perfectly normal idea of approximate number and size. We regard this as evidence<br />that they have the core knowledge of number that has to be developed by systematic<br />instruction and caring apprenticeship in classrooms. But for that they would need<br />teachers who know them as well as they know the latest curriculum and its suggested<br />tools of teaching.<br />This is but one example of how important teacher education is and how important<br />it is that we should investigate both learners and teachers, but also teacher education<br />and teacher educators. Teachers and their educators at universities have their own<br />view of children, of learning and of childhood. Much as we may all agree that the<br />core activity of schools is for the young to learn the three Rs and the subject areas of<br />the curriculum, there are researchers who are opposed to a developmental view of<br />learning. The journal’s stance is that, in the Vygotskian tradition (Kozulin, 1990), the<br />young learn and are initiated – and thus develop – in the work of school (and society).<br />SAJCE– December 2014<br />ii<br />In the SAJCE we welcome different views on child learning and celebrate South<br />Africa’s researchers who argue that “pedagogical ‘know-how’ and views of child and<br />childhood constitute the subject knowledge that is foundational in the foundation<br />phase curriculum” – as Murris and Verbeek do in this issue. Add to that knowledge<br />of how children the world over have core knowledge systems, as argued by cognitive<br />developmental psychologists and neuroscientists, and we have a composite picture<br />of what the object of teacher education is – to know 1) the learner and 2) the subject<br />content, but also 3) the self as teacher.<br />This ‘didactical triangle’, was already proposed as view of teaching in the 17th century<br />in Comenius’s major work, Didactica Magna (Comenius, 1632/1967). In the 20th century,<br />for some reason, the English- speaking world used the term ‘didactic’ to denote<br />teacher-centred learning, while Comenius proposed what can arguably nowadays be<br />termed pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Jari Lavonen, the chair of the teacher<br />education department at the University of Helsinki, recently noted that PCK is the<br />transformation of subject content knowledge by infusing it with knowledge of the<br />learner and of the self as teacher. In Finland they refer to PCK simply as Didactics, while<br />taking full cognisance of Shulman’s model (Shulman 1986).<br />But, views on teaching become more complicated when teachers are faced<br />with children who enter Grade 1, but who are not ready to embrace the way of life<br />at school. Bruwer and her co-authors report in this issue on teachers’ views on the<br />predicament they face when children need to cross the liminality boundary – when<br />they are still ‘betwixt and between’ life as an informal learner and life in school, where<br />they have to be inducted into life as a formal learner in a national curriculum. In the<br />same vein, Condy and Blease argue that a “one-size-fits-all curriculum cannot address<br />the issues that rural multigrade teachers and learners face”. Seldom do educational<br />researchers contemplate this very real issue. I was in the same class in Grade 1 as my<br />brother, who was then in Grade 8, in a little farm school. I recall vividly how we young<br />ones spent much time making clay oxen while they were doing indecipherable maths<br />on the writing board.<br />When more than one language is used, or required to be used, in a single classroom<br />communication set-up, a teacher is faced with yet another dimension. Ankiah-Gangadeen<br />and Samuel write about a narrative inquiry that was conducted in Mauritius, noting<br />that the “narrative inquiry methodology offered rich possibilities to foray into these<br />[teachers’] experiences, including the manifestations of negotiating their classroom<br />pedagogy in relation to their own personal historical biographies of language teaching<br />and learning”.<br />Added to the multilayered types of knowledge around which a teacher needs to<br />negotiate her way in a foundation phase classroom, are knowledge and understanding<br />of children’s transition from one grade to the next. Nieuwenhuizen and co-authors<br />found that the move from Grade 2 to Grade 3 is notably more difficult for children than<br />earlier grade transitions. I wish to add that it is also a grade transition that requires<br />much more of the learning child in volume and in pace of learning; the transition<br />Editorial<br />requires a ‘mature’ young learner who has worked through the curriculum of the<br />earlier grades effectively.<br />Kanjee and Moloi not only present information about ANA results, but show how<br />teachers utilise these in their teaching. To that, the editorial team adds: what is the<br />national testing ritual really doing for teachers? Are there many unforeseen and even<br />unintended effects? Many teachers may say that it alerts them to gaps in their own<br />knowledge and pedagogy and, especially, we would think, the way in which they<br />assess children’s learning effectively. While Kanjee and Moloi invoke local national<br />tests, Fritz and her co-authors from Germany, Switzerland and South Africa show<br />how a mathematics competence and diagnostic test for school beginners found<br />its way from Europe to South Africa. They point to the challenges of translating an<br />interview-based test and of validating it in a local context in four languages. With the<br />promise that the test will be normed in this country, the foundation phase education<br />as well as the educational psychology community may stand to benefit from such a<br />test, which is theoretically grounded in children’s conceptual development.<br />The matter of teaching with formative assessment as pedagogical tool comes to<br />mind whenever one discusses assessment. In an article by Long and Dunne, one reads<br />about their investigation into teaching of mathematics with a very specific angle – how<br />to “map and manage the omissions implicit in the current unfolding of the Curriculum<br />and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for mathematics”. In a very dense and fast<br />paced curriculum it is not possible to fill all the gaps. Who knows what the effect may<br />be for future learning of children who move through a curriculum quite rapidly?<br />Staying in the early grade classroom, Sibanda explores the readability of two<br />textbooks for natural science learning for Grade 4 learners. She touches on one of<br />the sensitive nerves of South African school education, namely the English language.<br />In her analysis of two textbooks, using a range of methods of text analysis, she<br />comes to the conclusion that the books are simply too difficult to read. She argues<br />that the authors have not taken into account that both vocabulary and syntax have<br />to be taught systematically in order for Grade 4 children to be able to read texts in a<br />language they do not know well, for one, and in a discourse of science writing that is<br />new for them as well.<br />Ragpot narrates the story of how an instructional film, #Taximaths: how children<br />make their world mathematical, was conceptualised, scripted and produced with<br />senior undergraduate students at UJ. This artefact serves not only as higher education<br />material in teacher education, but is also used as material for teacher development.1<br />This issue of the journal is rounded off by an important contribution about the<br />ethics of research on children. Pillay explains how experts in ethics have advised him<br />in the work they do in the National Research Foundation South African Research<br />Chair he holds in ‘Education and Care in Childhood’ at the University of Johannesburg.<br />The reader is reminded that care of vulnerable children and the protection of their<br />rights should be high on the list of educational practice and its research.<br />iii<br />SAJCE– December 2014<br />The next issue of SAJCE is a special one. It is edited by Nadine Petersen and Sarah<br />Gravett and it celebrates a programme of research and development of the South<br />African Department of Higher Education and Training, with funding support from the<br />EU. The Strengthening Foundation Phase Teacher Education Programme started in<br />2011 and included most of the universities in the country. The issue promises to be a<br />milestone publication on teacher education for the primary school.<br />Editorial greetings<br />Elizabeth Henning</p>
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Yarygina, I. Z., A. V. Zhiglyaeva, O. V. Vershinina, and Yu A. Kuvshinova. "Trade and Economic Cooperation of BRICS: Problems and Prospects." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0114.
Анотація:
The subject of this study is the legal and financial features of the BRICS trade and economic cooperation and the practice of their application in modern conditions. The purpose of this article is to identify problems that impede the effective development of economic relations and put forward proposals for their improvement. The study showed that the BRICS countries have significant reserves for multilateral cooperation and support of trade and economic relations. In this regard, harmonization of trade and economic relations of partner countries is necessary, in order to solve strategic problems and improve the living standards of the population. It is shown that simplifying the access of entrepreneurs to credit, tax incentives for exporters of industrial goods, flexible conditions for direct and indirect financing of projects and programs, expanding the participation of BRICS development banks and institutional investors contributes to the progressive development of national economies and improving trade and economic relations of BRICS. For research purposes, IBOV INDEX (Brazil), CRTX INDEX (Russia), SENSEX INDEX (India), SHCOMP INDEX (China), JALSH INDEX (South Africa) and Bloomberg platform (WEI, DES, GP, XLTP XCIT, MEMB) materials were used. Evaluation of data in key sectors of the BRICS economies showed the existence of interconnectedness and interdependence of the BRICS trading floor indices - sources of direct financing for trade and economic cooperation of partner countries. Correlation analysis and cointegration of time series confirmed a solid foundation for stimulating multilateral cooperation of the BRICS, including on the basis of interstate support for business entities and expanding the participation of institutional investors in ensuring sustainable development of the BRICS. It is concluded that the results of the study can be used in developing measures of interstate support for trade and economic cooperation of BRICS in modern conditions.
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Lehloenya, K. C., and J. P. C. Greyling. "97 BOER GOAT OFFSPRING BORN FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF CRYOPRESERVED EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab97.
Анотація:
Cryopreservation of embryos is an important technique in the whole MOET program, which could help improve the transportation of genetic material across South Africa and globally. This trial evaluated the survival rate of goat embryos following transfer with cryopreserved Boer goat embryos. Twenty-seven multiparous Boer goat recipients were synchronized with CIDR for 16 days and injected with 300 IU of eCG at CIDR withdrawal. The recipients were allocated into 3 groups (n = 9). Group 1 received fresh embryos; Group 2 received slow frozen embryos; and Group 3 received vitrified embryos. Expanded blastocysts used were surgically collected from donors superovulated with pFSH on 7 following AI. Two blastocysts were transferred laparoscopically to the uterine horn ipsilateral to functional CL. A pregnancy rate of 85.7% (6) was obtained following the transfer of fresh embryos and tended to be better than in the does receiving slow frozen and vitrified embryos, (n = 4; 50.0% and n = 3; 37.5% does pregnant, respectively) with no significant differences. The kidding rate of the recipient does declined to 57.0% (4) and 25.0% (2) for fresh and slow frozen groups, respectively. The embryo survival rate of 35.7% (n = 5) for fresh, 25.0% (n = 4) for conventional slow freezing and 31.3% (n = 5) for vitrification was obtained and was not affected by the number of CL present on the respective ovaries at the time of embryo transfer. Although the pregnancy rate following the transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory, the embryo survival rate following the transfer of fresh or cryopreserved embryos tended to be lower. The authors acknowledge the University of the Free State for financial and facility support and National Research Foundation (Thuthuka) for financial support for conducting this trial.
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Degterev, D. "Non-Western Theories of Development in the Global Capitalism Era." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 4 (2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-4-113-122.
Анотація:
Received 31.08.2020. This article is devoted to the evolution of non-Western theories of development in the epoch of global capitalism, i. e. after 1990. It describes in detail what is meant by this concept – models of socio-economic development, alternative to the Western neoliberal paradigm and associated with the modernization of non-Western countries, primarily in the “Global South”. Periodization of these approaches is given in connection with the process of decolonization (early 1960s), the end of the bipolar world, and the strengthening of China (since 2010s). Two main directions of such theories – neo-Marxian tradition, as well as post-colonial and anti-colonial studies – are shown. The author concludes that the “non-Westernness” of post-colonial studies is conditional, while anti-colonial and neo-Marxian studies are very much intertwined. The article shows the role of such organizations as CODESRIA and Third World Network in shaping the intellectual development agenda of the Global South. It traces the evolution of neo-Marxist approaches to development of the poorest countries, which originated in Latin American structuralism, American neo-Marxism, the works of J. Galtung and W. Rodney. By the early 1980s, the world-systemic approach was already dominant, its representatives were relatively capable to explain the collapse of the socialist system, and also made attempts to describe the growing influence of China. Nevertheless, the theory of the transnational capitalist class that emerged in the 1990s and 2000s was more successful from this point of view. The article investigates the phenomenon of an emerging confrontation between China and the United States in the ideological field – for the influence on leftist intellectuals around the world, and shows the main resources of both sides in this conflict. Special attention is paid to Postdevelopmentalism that developed in the 1990–2000s in line with postmodernist approaches; both strengths and weaknesses of this concept are presented. In conclusion, the author summarizes that neo-Marxist approaches play a key role as the major alternative to neoliberal capitalist development in the countries of the “Global South” while national modernization theories are lacking in the non-Western countries. Acknowledgements. The article has been prepared at RUDN University and supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). Project no. 19-111-50655 (Expansion) “Non-Western Theories of Development in the Age of Global Capitalism”. The author also expresses his sincere gratitude to P. Bond (University of the Western Cape, South Africa), T.M. Gavristova (YarSU), E.N. Grachikov (RUDN University), Li Yan (CASS, China) and V. G. Shubin (Institute for African Studies, RAS) for their valuable comments.
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Rothstein, Jules M. "Journeys Beyond the Horizon." Physical Therapy 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 1817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.11.1817.
Анотація:
Jules M Rothstein, clinician, researcher, educator, author, and speaker, entered into the field of physical therapy in 1975 following graduation from the Department of Physical Therapy at New York University. He completed his Master of Arts Degree in Kinesiology in 1979 and his Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Therapy in 1983, also at New York University. During his training, he worked as Staff Physical Therapist at Peninsula Hospital Center in Queens, as Research Fellow with the Arthritis Foundation, and in private practice in Cedarhurst, New York. From 1977 to 1980, Dr Rothstein was Adjunct Instructor in the Department of Physical Therapy at New York University. From 1980 to 1983, he was Instructor and Coordinator of Clinical Research and Training Programs at Washington University School of Medicine, and from 1984 to 1990, he was Associate Professor at the Medical College of Virginia. A tenured professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago since 1990, Dr Rothstein also served as Head of the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Illinois at Chicago and as Chief of Physical Therapy Services at the University of Illinois Hospital in Chicago until 1999. During that period, the department obtained more than $6 million in research funding and received APTA's 1997 Minority Initiative Award for consistently recruiting and maintaining ethnic and racial diversity among its students. He continues to serve as Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy and remains active in all areas of physical therapy, practice, research, and service. Dr Rothstein's expertise in measurement and research design has been used by many professionals—across disciplines—in the allied health community. He is in great demand as an invited guest speaker, having given professional presentations and keynote speeches on the topic of rehabilitation sciences at numerous national and international forums, including Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. He has also served as a consultant and visiting professor in South Africa, the Netherlands, and Poland. Dr Rothstein has made extensive contributions to the physical therapy profession's body of knowledge, including the publication of more than 60 refereed articles and abstracts. In 1985, he edited the text Measurement in Physical Therapy. He chaired the APTA Task Force on Standards for Measurement in Physical Therapy that produced the first APTA Standards for Tests and Measurements in Physical Therapy Practice in 1993. As part of that task force, he co-authored the Primer on Measurement: An Introductory Guide to Measurements Issues. Since 1989, Dr Rothstein has served as Editor of Physical Therapy and has been appointed to that position for three 5-year terms by the APTA Board of Directors. Dr Rothstein is a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of the American Physical Therapy Association. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Golden Pen Award, the Outstanding Service Award for Research, the Outstanding Service Award for Continuing Education, and the Outstanding Therapist Award in the State of Illinois. [Rothstein JM. Thirty-Second Mary McMillan Lecture: Journeys beyond the horizon. Phys Ther. 2001;81:1817–1829.]
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Van Laar, Emily S., Charlotte Warren, Jayashri Desai, and Patrick F. Fogarty. "Knowledge Gaps in the Management of Hemophilia Among Hematologists/Oncologists." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4831.4831.
Анотація:
Abstract Hemophilia is an orphan disease whose management requires specialized knowledge of complications and treatments, which adds to the challenge of caring for patients. Knowledge gaps among hematologists, hematologist-oncologists and pediatric oncologists regarding management of hemophilia could negatively impact patient outcomes. Utilizing the National Hemophilia Foundation and the World Federation of Haemophilia guidelines and best practices, a global, hemophilia-specific continuing medical education-accredited clinical practice assessment survey was developed and completed by unselected hematologists and oncologists in order to define current education gaps and assess areas of deviation from guideline and best practices. The assessment included both knowledge- and case -based, multiple-choice questions that healthcare providers completed confidentially on-line between March 21, 2014 and July 2, 2014. Topics ranging from hemophilia severity to management/prevention of bleeds were assessed. Responses from clinicians were de-identified and aggregated prior to analyses. 354 hematologist (51%), hematologist/oncologist (34%) or pediatric oncologists (14%) completed the survey, from the following locales: North America (30%), Europe (25%), Asia (18%), Central/South America (9%), Middle East (7%), Africa (8%), and Australia (2%). Practice settings of participants were academic (53%), community hospital (22%), private practice (12%), hemophilia treatment center (HTC) (5%), community clinic (3%), and other (5%). Respondents demonstrated knowledge (> 88% correct responses) in topics such as: definition of severe hemophilia, identifying life-threatening bleeds, primary prophylaxis dose/schedule, adolescence transitioning, and monitoring after initiating prophylaxis. In contrast, knowledge gaps included: prophylaxis duration; incidence of inhibitors; role of physiotherapy; managing joint bleeds (Table 1). For most responses, the proportion of correct responses appeared to be consistent regardless of physician specialty (hematologists (Group A) versus hematologists/oncologists + pediatric oncologists (Group B)) or practice setting (academic + HTC (Group C) versus community (Group D)). A low level of confidence in ability to identify when to use prophylaxis was reported among 20% [95% CI: 16.74% to 23.26%] of all respondents. Knowledge gaps permeate clinical practice in the care of persons with hemophilia. Most significant gaps were related to incidence of inhibitor development, continuance of prophylaxis, and use of physiotherapy for hemophiliac joint disease. These data support the development and implementation of educational tools for clinicians involved in hemophilia care across a range of practice settings. Abstract 4831. Table 1. Hemophilia Knowledge Gaps for Hematologists, Hematologist/Oncologists, Pediatric Oncologists (% Correct Responses) Survey Assessment Topic All Group A Group B Group A vs Group B p-value Group C Group D Group C vs Group D p-value Prophylaxis Duration 35.9% 34.8% 38.3% 0.55 42.0% 28.4% 0.03 Incidence of Inhibitors 48.3% 51.4% 44.0% 0.20 43.4% 54.3% 0.08 Physiotherapy for Joint Disease 47.4% 50.4% 45.2% 0.40 51.0% 43.3% 0.27 Managing Joint Bleeds 74.2% 73.1% 75.6% 0.64 75.8% 72.2% 0.60 Disclosures Van Laar: Medscape LLC: Employment. Warren:Medscape LLC: Employment. Desai:Medscape LLC: Employment. Fogarty:CSL Behring: Research Funding; Biogen Idec Inc.: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc: Consultancy; Chugai Pharma USA: Consultancy; Biogen Idec Inc.: Consultancy; Baxter: Consultancy; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Amgen Inc: Consultancy; Pfizer Inc: Research Funding; Medscape LLC: Honoraria; VindicoMed: Honoraria.
49
Zhao, Y. Z., Y. L. Feng, M. C. Liu, and Z. H. Liu. "First Report of Rust Caused by Puccinia xanthii on Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0277-pdn.
Анотація:
Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter is an annual herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family, native to North America. It was first found in Beijing, China, in 1991. Since then, it has spread into many provinces such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang, and so on. Furthermore, it has been listed as one of the dangerous quarantine weeds in China (4). This noxious invasive weed has a strong ability to acclimatize to new environments. X. orientale subsp. italicum can usually be found in alluvial flatlands, riverbanks, wastelands, roadsides, pastures, as well as farmlands. The presence of this plant decreases the native biodiversity and influences the production of agriculture and stockbreeding. In August 2013, a rust disease was first observed on X. orientale subsp. italicum in Dalian, Liaoning Province, northeast China. Various sized lesions were found on approximately one third of the leaves of each infected plant. These lesions were yellow in the early stage of infection; gradually the center of each lesion turned brown, and eventually the infected lesions became necrotic and ruptured. The small (on average 4 mm in diameter) and dark brown raised telia appeared in the center of the lesions on the lower leaf surface. The teliospores were brown, clavate, two-celled, and measured 42 to 58 × 12 to 21 μm. Teliospores had a conical top, constricted septa, and a persistent pedicel (22 to 70 μm in length). The walls of the teliospores were smooth, 0.8 to 1.2 μm thick at the side and 4 to 8 μm thick at the apex. The size, color, and morphology of the teliospores fit the description of Puccinia xanthii (1,3). A pathogenicity test was conducted by the method of detached leaf inoculation (2). We collected 48 healthy leaves from six individuals of X. orientale subsp. italicum plants, eight from each individual. Teliospores from disease samples were suspended to 1 × 105 spores per ml with sterile water and then smeared on 24 leaves (four per individual); the remaining leaves were inoculated with sterile water as control. Each of the leaves was put on a moist filter paper in a petri dish, and was cultured in a chamber with a 12-h photoperiod at 25°C. Seven days later, dark brown raised telia were observed on all inoculated leaves but not on control ones. The teliospores were removed from the sorus on inoculated leaves, and according to the morphology confirmed to be those of P. xanthii. The rust caused by P. xanthii has been documented in different hosts in many other countries such as Spain, France, Italy, former Yugoslavia, Australia, the United States, and South Africa. In addition, the rust fungus was found to infect X. orientale subsp. italicum in eastern Hungary (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. xanthii attacking the invasive plant X. orientale subsp. italicum in China. It is important to study the potential of using this rust fungus as a biological control agent of X. orientale subsp. italicum. This work was supported by the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270582). References: (1) I. Dávid et al. Plant Dis. 87:1536, 2003. (2) Z. D. Fang. Research Methods of Plant Disease, 1998. (3) J. A. Parmelee. Can. J. Bot. 47:1391, 1969. (4) F. H. Wan et al. Biological Invasion: Color Illustration of Invasive Alien Plants in China, 2012.
50
Callaghan, Michael U., Claude Négrier, Ido Paz-Priel, Tiffany Chang, Sammy Chebon, Michaela Lehle, Johnny Mahlangu, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of Emicizumab in Persons with Hemophilia a with or without FVIII Inhibitors: Pooled Data from Four Phase III Studies (HAVEN 1-4)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137438.
Анотація:
Introduction: Emicizumab-a subcutaneously administered, bispecific, humanized, monoclonal antibody-promotes effective hemostasis in people with hemophilia A (PwHA). The primary efficacy and safety of emicizumab were reported previously, but long-term data are limited. Here, data from a wide age-range of PwHA with/without factor (F)VIII inhibitors enrolled in the Phase III HAVEN 1 (NCT02622321), HAVEN 2 (NCT02795767), HAVEN 3 (NCT02847637), and HAVEN 4 (NCT03020160) studies are pooled to establish the durable efficacy and safety of emicizumab. Methods: The studies enrolled pediatric and adult PwHA with/without FVIII inhibitors. Participants received emicizumab prophylaxis 1.5 mg/kg weekly, 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, or 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks. All participants assigned to receive emicizumab (including those assigned to control arms who later switched) are included in this analysis. Participants and/or caregivers recorded outcomes of bleeding events via the Bleed and Medication Questionnaire (BMQ). Data from HAVEN 1-4 were pooled for an aggregate analysis of emicizumab efficacy and safety. Efficacy endpoints include calculated mean annualized bleed rates (ABRs; discrete, consecutive 24-week treatment intervals), model-based ABRs (calculated via negative binomial regression for full study period), percentage of participants with zero and 1-3 treated bleeds, and annualized cumulative dose of coagulation factor (ACD). Safety endpoints include incidence of adverse events (AEs) and AEs of special interest. Results: Overall, 400 PwHA in HAVEN 1, 2, 3 and 4 (n=113, 88, 151, and 48, respectively) are included in the efficacy analysis for a total of 970.3 patient years (cutoff: 15 May 2020). The safety population comprises 399 PwHA who received ≥1 dose of emicizumab (1 PwHA was randomized to receive emicizumab but did not start treatment). The median age at baseline was 28.5 (range 1-77) years. The majority of participants were White (66.8%) or Asian (18.8%); 52.3% had FVIII inhibitors. In the 24 weeks prior to study entry, 60.9% of participants had target joints. The median duration of efficacy period was 120.4 (interquartile range 89.0-164.4) weeks; 85.0% of participants had an efficacy period of ≥74 weeks; 11 participants (2.8%) discontinued study treatment. Across all 4 studies, 90.9-94.8% of the observation period was covered by completed BMQs. Across all studies, the model-based treated bleed ABR was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.7); treated bleed ABRs remained low throughout, and were seen to decrease with successive 24-week treatment intervals (Table 1). During Weeks 121-144 (n=170), 82.4% of participants had zero treated bleeds, and 15.3% of participants had 1-3 treated bleeds. During the same period, 91.8% and 90.0% had zero treated spontaneous/joint bleeds respectively (Figure 1). The proportion of participants with target joints reduced from 60.9% prior to study entry to 4.6% at Weeks 1-24, then <1.5% in all subsequent treatment intervals. ACD of FVIII (Table 2), activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and activated recombinant FVII (rFVIIa, Table 3) generally decreased across each 24-week treatment interval. Emicizumab was well tolerated (Table 4), and no participants discontinued due to AEs beyond the five previously described (Oldenburg et al. N Engl J Med 2017; Young et al. Blood 2019; Mahlangu et al. N Engl J Med 2018; Pipe et al. Lancet Haem 2019). At data cut, 1 fatality, 3 thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), and 4 thromboembolic events (TEs) have been reported; all but 1 occurred in HAVEN 1. All TMAs and 2 of 4 TEs were associated with concomitant aPCC use. The percentage of participants with ≥1 drug-related AE in Weeks 1-24, 25-48 and 49-72 were 28.8%, 6.8%, and 3.0% respectively; over the same intervals, injection site reactions were observed in 23.3%, 4.8%, and 2.5% of participants. Conclusions: With nearly 3 years of follow-up, emicizumab maintained low bleed rates in PwHA of all ages, with/without FVIII inhibitors. ABRs continued to decrease and the proportion of participants with zero treated bleeds increased with each consecutive 24-week period; the trend was the same for the proportion of participants with zero joint bleeds and almost all target joints resolved. The ACDs of FVIII, aPCC, and rFVIIa decreased with successive treatment intervals. Emicizumab remains well tolerated over long-term follow-up, and no new safety concerns have been identified to date. Disclosures Callaghan: Bayer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Biomarin: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Site Investigator/sub-I Clinical Trial, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Site Investigator/sub-I Clinical Trial, Research Funding; Grifols: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bioverativ: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hema Biologics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alnylum: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Spark: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Octapharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other, Speakers Bureau; Roche/Genentech: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Site Investigator/sub-I Clinical Trial, Speakers Bureau; NovoNordisk: Other, Speakers Bureau; Sancillio: Other. Négrier:CSL Behring, Octapharma, Shire/Takeda, Sobi: Research Funding; CSL, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sobi: Other: Travel support; Bayer, Biomarin, CSL Behring, Freeline, LFB, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Shire/Takeda, Sobi, Spark: Consultancy. Paz-Priel:Genentech, Inc: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: All authors received editorial support for this abstract, provided by Scott Battle, PhD, of Health Interactions and funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche.. Chang:Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Chebon:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Lehle:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Mahlangu:CSL Behring, Catalyst Biosciences, Freeline Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Spark and Takeda: Consultancy; South Africa Medical Research Council, Wits Health Consortium, Colleges of Medicine of South Africa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring, Catalyst Biosciences, Novo Nordisk, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Spark and Takeda: Speakers Bureau; BioMarin, CSL Behring, Freeline Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, uniQure: Research Funding. Young:Bayer, CSL Behring, Freeline, UniQure: Consultancy; Genentech/Roche, Grifols, and Takeda: Research Funding; BioMarin, Freeline, Genentech/Roche, Grifols, Kedrion, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Genzyme, Spark, Takeda, and UniQure: Honoraria. Kruse-Jarres:Biomarin, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., CSL Behring, CRISPR Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy; CSL Behring, Genentech, Inc., Spark: Research Funding; Biomarin, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., CSL Behring, CRISPR Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Speakers Bureau. Mancuso:Bayer, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Octapharma, Kedrion, Grifols, Sobi, PedNet Foundation: Consultancy; Bayer, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Octapharma, Grifols, Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Bayer, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Octapharma, Kedrion, Grifols, Catalyst, Kedrion, Sobi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy: Current Employment. Niggli:F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment. Kuebler:Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Selak Bienz:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment. Shima:Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, BioMarin, Bayer, Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. , Sanofi, Bayer, Sysmex: Speakers Bureau; Patents related to anti-FIXa/FX bispecific antibodies: Patents & Royalties; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.: Honoraria; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, CSL Behring, KM Biologics, Novo Nordisk, Shire/Takeda: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.: Consultancy. Jimenez-Yuste:F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Sobi, Pfizer, Grifols, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Bayer: Honoraria; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Sobi, Pfizer: Consultancy; Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Sobi, Pfizer: Research Funding. Schmitt:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Asikanius:Fimea: Current Employment; F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd: Ended employment in the past 24 months; F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Levy:F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Genentech, Inc.: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Spark Therapeutics: Current Employment; Baxalta US: Patents & Royalties: Royalties from ADAMTS13 patent . Pipe:Medical and Scientific Advisory Council to the National Hemophilia Foundation; Medical Advisory Board to World Federation of Hemophilia: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Apcintex, Bayer, BioMarin, Catalyst Biosciences, CSL Behring, HEMA Biologics, Freeline, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc., Sangamo Therapeutics, Sanofi, Takeda, Spark Therapeutics, uniQure: Consultancy; Siemens: Research Funding. Oldenburg:Bayer, BioMarin, Biotest, Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., CSL Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Spark, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Bayer, BioMarin, Biotest, Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., CSL Behring, Freeline, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche. Ltd, Spark, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Takeda: Other; Bayer, BioMarin, Biotest, Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., CSL Behring, Freeline, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Spark, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; University Clinic Bonn: Current Employment; Bayer, Biotest, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer and Takeda: Research Funding; Bayer, BioMarin, Biotest, Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., CSL Behring, Freeline, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Spark, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Takeda: Honoraria.