Дисертації з теми "Placebo interventions"
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1
Fenchel, Monika, and Therese Hermansen. "Omvårdnad med placeboeffekt : En litteraturstudie om hur omvårdnadsåtgärder kan skapa placebo och nocebo." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2563.
Анотація:
BAKGRUND: Placebo som begrepp har förändrats över tid – från medeltidens betydelse ”jag skall göra gott” till en overksam substans som används i randomiserade kontrollerade studier. Tidigare forskning visar att placeboeffekt kan skapas genom förväntans- och betingningsmekanismer, som via hjärnan startar processer i kroppen som kan lindra symptom som exempelvis smärta och illamående. Placeboeffekter har ansetts förekomma vid upp till 90 procent av sjuksköterskans åtgärder, men forskningen som belyser dess potential inom omvårdnad är bristfällig. SYFTE: Att undersöka hur placeboeffekten skulle kunna användas vid omvårdnadsåtgärder. METOD: En litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. RESULTAT: Placebo kan skapas genom bemötande, behandlingsritualer och vårdmiljö. Vårdpersonal kan använda placeboeffekten för att stödja patientens behandling, för att individanpassa vården och stärka relationen mellan patient och personal. SLUTSATS OCH FÖRSLAG PÅVIDARE FORSKNING: Många omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan bidra till att skapa placeboeffekter går att använda utan etiska konflikter, medan andra delar kräver merforskning och etiska riktlinjer innan de är genomförbara i klinisk praxis. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på klinisk miljö och knyta samman omvårdnadsforskning med andra forskningsområden. Individuella skillnader i placeborespons och vårdpersonalens syn på användning av placebo är några områden som behöver fördjupas inom omvårdnadsforskning.BACKGROUND: The concept placebo has changed over time – from the Middle Ages denotation of "I shall please" - into an inactive substance used in randomized controlled trials. Previous research shows that a placebo effect can be created through expectation and conditioning-mechanisms, which in turn trigger brain processes that can alleviate symptoms such as pain and nausea. Up to 90 percent of a nurse's actions have been considered to create placebo effects, but research that highlights its potential in nursing care is scarce. AIM OF STUDY: Examine how the placebo effect could be used in nursing interventions. METHOD: A literature study with inductive approach. RESULTS: Placebo effects can be created through verbal and non-verbal treatment, treatment rituals and by altering the context of the healthcare setting. Healthcare professionals can use the placebo effect to strengthen or replace active treatments. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH:Several nursing interventions that initiate a placebo effect can be used without ethical conflicts, while others require more research and ethical guidelines before being viable in clinical practice. Individual differences regarding placebo response, and healthcare professionals' views of the use of placebo, are some areas that need further research.
2
Geraghty, Adam William Alfred. "From placebo to self-help : investigating retention, outcome and mechanisms in self-directed gratitude interventions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/771.
Анотація:
The research presented in this thesis explored unguided self-help therapy, primarily using a gratitude technique. Psychological mechanisms that underlie the placebo response may also play a primary role in beneficial response to unguided selfhelp therapy. Retention (whether participants completed the intervention), outcome (whether the technique effectively reduced symptoms), and mechanisms (the psychological processes which antecede outcome and retention), were investigated with participants engaging in procedures to improve a diverse range of symptoms, namely, mood, sleep disturbance, body dissatisfaction, depression and anxiety. Studies one and two investigated the role of two placebo mechanisms, response expectancy and motivational concordance, as predictors of outcome following a gratitude technique. Response expectancy contributed to outcome to a greater extent in a laboratory setting, whereas motivational concordance explained greater outcome variance in a real-world setting. Studies three, four and five compared a gratitude technique to a problemfocused technique and a wait list control. Across all three studies, being randomly allocated to a gratitude technique resulted in greater retention than being a llocated to a problem-focused technique. Use of a gratitude technique resulted in equivalent significant reductions in body dissatisfaction (Study three), depression (Study four) and worry (Study five), compared to a problem-focused cognitive restructuring technique, and was significantly more effective than being on a waitlist in all three studies. There was some evidence that different mechanisms affect outcome and retention. Placebo theory and the contextual model of psychotherapy provide useful insight into the factors that affect outcome and retention in self-help therapy.
3
Webb, Monica S. "Do expectancies influence outcomes for tailored smoking cessation messages? a placebo tailoring experiment." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001165.
4
Gaitan-Sierra, Linda Carolina. "Motivational factors in the placebo response : the role of effort and intrinsic motivation on well-being in therapeutic interventions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/890.
Анотація:
One of the most interesting aspects of human beings is their ability to choose a course of action and strive to achieve it. When participating in therapeutic interventions involving physical activities, people may allocate different amounts of effort, persistence and commitment to succeed in them. The reason for this difference lies in their motivation. The present thesis focuses on the energising of behaviour, that is, the differential effort and motivation that people put into therapeutic activities. Placebo responses are generally explained by the mechanisms of response expectancy, conditioning and motivational concordance. Findings presented in this thesis partially supported motivational concordance, testing for the first time that therapeutic outcome after engagement in intrinsically motivated tasks requiring physical activity was explained both by response expectancy and motivational concordance . The effects of response expectancy, perceptions of effort and intrinsic motivation on therapeutic benefit and mood change were investigated in both laboratory (Studies 1-4) and real-life therapeutic contexts (Study 5). Study 1 showed that effort mediated the effects of expectancy on perceived benefit, and effort predicted both positive and negative affect following the performance of a breathing exercise. Study 2 showed that differences in outcome between guided imagery and meditation were very small, but that non-specific factors play the major role in outcome. Study 3 showed that perceiving a task as difficult enhances effort perceptions, intrinsic motivation and therapeutic outcome. Motivated behaviour predicted therapeutic outcome but not expectancy. Study 4 showed that the provision of success feedback enhances outcome expectancies, motivated behaviour and mood change. Expectancies, motivation and effort predicted positive affect, whereas only effort predicted negative affect. Finally, results from Study 5 suggest that placebo responses may differ in real-life therapeutic interventions according to the strength motivational factors are elicited within the intervention. Both expectancy and motivated behaviour predicted change in positive affect, whereas motivated behaviour predicted change in negative affect and empowerment. Therapeutic outcome and its underlying mechanisms are likely to reflect a mixture of response expectancies and intervening motivational factors.
5
Rabipour, Sheida. "Effects of Expectations on Cognitive Enhancement Interventions in Young and Older Adults." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38157.
Анотація:
With increasing life expectancy and global population of older adults, preserving cog- nitive function throughout life represents a growing priority. Numerous approaches to cognitive enhancement exist, but few have scientific merit. Among the most preva- lent – and commercialized – approaches are cognitive training (“brain training”) and non-invasive brain stimulation through electric currents applied at the surface of the scalp. The present dissertation describes a collection of work contextualizing the appeal of these cognitive enhancement methods and addressing some of the most pervasive limitations of research in this field thus far.
One largely ignored issue in cognitive intervention research pertains to people’s expectations of programs and their relationship with intervention outcomes. In a series of initial studies, we developed and validated the Expectation Assessment Scale (EAS), a tool created to measure as well as prime expectations of outcomes in the context of cognitive enhancement interventions. In our first two studies, we probed expectations of cognitive training or non-invasive brain stimulation in over 1,000 young, middle-aged, and older adults. Ratings on the EAS suggested that older adults may have particularly high expectations of cognitive training, but that expectations can be primed to increase or decrease – at least in hypothetical scenarios. We used these data to assess the psychometric properties of the EAS with item-response theory, and confirmed its internal consistency.
Next, we incorporated the EAS into two cognitive enhancement trials, one in- vestigating a computerized cognitive training intervention in nearly 100 older adults and another examining non-invasive brain stimulation in nearly 100 young adults. Both trials had a double-blind balanced-placebo design in which participants were assigned to the intervention or control condition, and then subdivided to receive ei- ther high or low expectation priming (i.e., primed to have high or low expectations of the program’s effectiveness). Although expectation ratings replicated our previous findings, results from these trials suggest little, if any, effect of either expectations or the intervention on performance outcomes. We nevertheless found that participants enjoyed their assigned program and that those who received high expectation prim- ing tended to report a more positive experience. Our findings put into question the effectiveness of such interventions and support the need for more rigorous trials of cognitive enhancement.
6
Qadir, Othman Kareem. "Growth of lettuce with different content of inorganic nitrate as a feeding strategy for placebo-controlled nutritional interventions to test the effects of inorganic nitrate on human health." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3916.
Анотація:
The chemical composition of vegetables is dependent on several growing conditions. This effect relates to phytochemical compounds including secondary metabolites and other bioactive non-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to use different nitrogen fertilizer regimes to produce vegetables with so large differences in nitrate content that they can be used as treatment and placebo to study the effect of nitrate on human health. Green leafy vegetables, such as lettuce or rocket, are rich in inorganic nitrate (NO3) and an increased consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to compare whether two lettuce materials with controlled high and low NO3 content may have different effects on BP in healthy subjects. Firstly a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide and chemical ionisation to determine nitrate and nitrite levels was modified to optimise the analytical process. This method has been used to measure samples of lettuce as well as samples of human plasma, urine and saliva obtained from this study and several other projects. In this study, two sets of lettuce were produced as a model vegetable with high and low nitrogen fertiliser in controlled growing conditions to manipulate nitrate concentration of the vegetable as a tool for investigating the effect of nitrate content of food on human health. This was tested by determining the correlations between nitrate intake and blood pressure (BP), by measuring the short effect on systolic and diastolic BP and nitrate and nitrite contents in blood, urine and saliva samples. The novelty of this study is that the placebo and the treatment (lettuce with low and high nitrate content, respectively) have similar appearance despite being very different in nitrate content, making it possible to blind the subjects to the treatment and control placebo effects of vegetable consumption. Using 26 and 154ppm ammonium nitrate in the fertigation solution, lettuce was produced with a high (~530 mg nitrate/50g FW portion) or low (~3 mg/50g) nitrate content. However not all confounding factors could be controlled, e.g. the low nitrate lettuce produced a high amount of phenolic acids which was 69.5 mg/50g FW and high nitrate lettuce produced a much lower amount which10.5mg/50g FW (P < 0.001). So while the nitrate content can be manipulated substantially via fertilizer treatments, the low-nitrate lettuce also differs from the high-nitrate lettuce in the content of other non-nutrient phytochemicals. An intervention trial was carried out with twenty healthy young volunteers (12 females and 8 males) in a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled cross-over design, with two 24-hour ii intervention phases separated by a 3-week washout period to avoid carry-over effects. Blood pressure was recorded by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), every 30 mins during day-time and every 60 min at night-time. Consumption of high nitrate lettuce significantly increased plasma NO3 (3 hrs post-ingestion: 395±133 μM; P < 0.001), salivary NO3 (3 hrs post-ingestion: 7362±4666 μM; P < 0.001) and urinary NO3 (3 hrs post-ingestion: 2287±1233μM; P < 0.001) concentrations whereas non-significant changes were measured in the low nitrate lettuce group. High nitrate lettuce significantly reduced systolic BP (-2.80±4.43 mmHg and -6.85±4.91 mmHg after 3 and 6 hrs, respectively; P=0.003) and diastolic BP (-2.25±2.34mmHg and Δ3.85±3.01 mmHg after 3h and 6 hrs, respectively; P=0.002) compared to low nitrate lettuce. No significant difference was observed between high nitrate lettuce and low nitrate lettuce for TEAC (P = 0.32), FRAP (P = 0.26), cGMP (P = 0.19) and plasma concentrations of phenolic compounds. The results showed that the amount of urinary nitrate excreted during a 24-hour period increased from 104mg with low nitrate lettuce to 391mg (P < 0.001) with the high nitrate lettuce. In conclusion, ingestion of high nitrate lettuce significantly increases plasma, saliva and urinary nitrate and lowers systolic and diastolic BP compared to low nitrate lettuce. The development of NO3-enriched and NO3-depleted vegetable products with similar organoleptic characteristics could provide a unique opportunity to conduct double-blind nutritional interventions and advance knowledge on the role of dietary nitrate on human health.
7
Haymann, Liora. "Interventions in public housing : in search of place." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74768.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
This work searches to build a framework for a rehabilitation strategy for distressed urban Public Housing projects. It is argued that an appropriate approach needs to address both, the physical and the institutional aspects of the projects, and that the core of the distress can be seen as a matter of levels of control at the project level. In this light, the notion of "mediating structures" --as an intermediate level - of control to be built into the projects-- is proposed. The argument is developed through three stages: A search into the history of Public Housing and its decay, to pinpoint what built-in patterns of control --in physical and institutional terms-- support the projects' distress. A review of current rehabilitation attempts in relation to the issue of control. An examination of what a mediating structure means and what the necessary conditions are for its support through a rehabilitation plan. The basic principles for the rehabilitation strategy, are then outlined.
by Liora Haymann.
M.S.
8
Manning, R. "An Examination of Place, Identity and Bystander Intervention." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.745983.
9
Miles, Martina. "Pain in Parallel Places: Interventions in Disability Studies and Science Fiction." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19261.
Анотація:
Pain is a physical experience that is often imbued with metaphorical significance. Understanding better how pain operates as a cultural signifier can reveal assumptions about the status of different bodies and subjects. Even though pain is a nearly universal phenomenon, there is currently a dearth of sustained inquiry into pain as a literary, physical, and social phenomenon. What critical analysis there is about pain often metaphorizes the experience and forgets the lived, material realities of pain. At the same time, pain is a factor in virtually all cultural and social interactions, influencing everything from medical care to community acceptance. Thus, uncovering the functions of pain is a necessity. This dissertation reads for the ways pain forges intercorporeal relationships between bodies through the process of co-suffering, offering a new way of looking at the grotesque body. Using examples from a broad range of science fiction texts, from popular non-fiction science writing to superhero comics to novels to television, this dissertation explores the various ways that normative and non-normative pain response is witnessed and perceived. Putting forth a theory of co-suffering as a form of attention to and embodied translation of pain language, this dissertation examines the various ways in which listening to the voice of pain creates intercorporeal kinship between bodies. Through this kinship, bodies become subjects and gain access to community. Ultimately, this dissertation shows that, while pain can foster such kinship, predictable and standard pain responses are necessary for creating co-suffering. Thus co-suffering can be emancipatory, as it helps marginalized bodies gain subjectivity, but it can also be a way for cultures to enforce rigid behaviors on subjects, as it requires that bodies conform to those standard pain responses.
10
Flositz, Jeffrey T. "Livable Streets: Establishing Social Place Through a Walkable Intervention." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3432.
Анотація:
Some streets tend to lack a social sense of place. Since the invention of the automotive assembly line and post World War II development, street designs have shifted from centering around people and social situations to vehicular traffi c solutions. Streets are typically not thought of as social places, but rather as a means to effi ciently move automotive traffi c. The environment of these unlivable streets discourages social interaction. The majority of buildings are disconnected from the street with often nothing more than a parking lot.
A new model of streets is necessary, one that transforms streets into places that encourages social liveliness. Establishing the street as a social place through walkable conditions will regain lively interaction that is currently absent.
This thesis will begin to explore the conditions of the unlivable street and establish theories to transform them into socially interactive public places. The goal is to hierarchically re-orient the street in order create a sense of place that fosters social interaction.
Research by means of case studies and observation will examine the ways in which people interact within their built environment. Ideas will be derived from research and incorporated into the scheme in a way that is unique to Tampa. Ultimately, this thesis will conclude in a project that illustrates the potential of a street as a lively public place that is centered toward pedestrians rather than automobiles.
11
Sandoval, Quezada Natalia Belén. "Citizens resisting Smart Cities’ initiatives : The case of Concepción (Chile) and the R+D PACYT project." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43674.
Анотація:
Parque Científico y Tecnológico (PACYT, Science and Technology Park) is a large-scale R+D project that seems to be framed in a Smart City plan for Concepción, Chile, which the media has presented as “the Chilean Silicon Valley” (Araus, 2015; Tele13, 2019) and promises to bring not only research and development opportunities for the city but also thousands of direct and indirect jobs (Estudio Interdiseño, 2018; la Tercera, 2015) carried out by PACYT Corporation. Nonetheless, voices have raised to question the construction of the 91 hectares initiative, and some of them have even organized in citizen groups targeting the creation of the urban complex, which actively share information contesting the PACYT through social media, and coordinate activities to protest and spread the word. This is the study case to be analyzed in the present research, which aims to explore and understand, on the one hand, the reasons that have led to the organization of citizens contesting the PACYT project, and on the other hand, the way the project has been advertised and developed in relationship to the city's inhabitants. It intends to make a novel contribution to the field of Urban Studies, both in the areas of Critical Smart Urbanism and Postcolonial Studies, which in this case collide in Latin America, part of the Global South, while opening a discussion around the topic of citizens contesting urban developments with a Smart City background, where few incursions have been made and more specifically in the Latin American context, where the Smart City seems to have a particular interpretation. With that in mind, the current research tries to dig into an under-studied territory, and in doing so, it plans to bring to the table the relevance of studying the approach and way of developing Smart Cities’ ideas in Latin American, and to put focus on what city’s inhabitants have to say about those developments and what their interests are, using the lenses of the right to the city and the understandings coming from urban social movements and conflicts. In that sense, the research outputs are to question the form in which Smart City projects are being implemented in Latin America and to find possible guidelines to incorporate the city’s inhabitants in the development of them elsewhere, with that in mind, future research can be supported by this investigation, which encourages further studies both in the described fields and territory. To do so, the current investigation explores and unwrap theories regarding the mentioned fields and focuses on analyzing the case making use of mixed methods research, by executing qualitative and quantitative methodological tools to reach relevant data that helps to answer the research inquiries. In that sense, the results show that it can be confirmed that the nature of the PACYT, i.e. its R+D purposes and origins linked to a Smart City plan to transform the city into smartness, does not play a relevant role in the development of the conflict that has emerged between the PACYT management, and the people opposed to its construction, but several aspects explain the urban social conflict and that will be explored in the present work.Acknowledgment.
First of all, I would like to thank all the interviewees that decided to share their thoughts in the present study, as well as to all the people that participated in the survey; without your contribution, it would have not been possible for me to reach my research goals and to count on with the rich material I have. On the other hand, I want to thank people from academia, such as my peers, who have given me advice and stamina, to my tutor, who has contributed with his wisdom, and to my mentor at university, who has kept me on track and provided me with valuable insights. I am grateful to these people for helping me with my willpower and effectiveness. Finally, I need to thank those surrounding me, like my family for supporting me from the distance, my partner for being here to contain and take care of me, and my dog for always being around me and spreading his love and joy.
12
White, Tari. "Humanitarian Intervention, Refugee Protection, and the Place of Humanitarianism in International Relations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political and Social Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7772.
Анотація:
In taking into account the vast body of literature that exists on the topic of international humanitarianism, this thesis aims to provide a contribution to the field by way of an analysis of the dubious manner in which states apply the principles of humanitarianism. It derives conclusions around the level of commitment and sincerity of the international humanitarian regime to the principles of humanitarianism by exploring the dynamic relationship between the two of the main areas of humanitarianism: humanitarian intervention and refugee protection.
From this analysis stems the argument is that while the governments of the wealthy Western states are often amongst the loudest trumpeters of humanitarian principles, they fail to live up to their humanitarian obligations. For, rather than committing to humanitarian action on the basis of need, they are only willing to commit to humanitarian action in cases that serve in their own national interests; cases of human suffering from which they do not stand to benefit remain caught in the margins of the international humanitarian regime.
13
Lee, Tzu-Ting. "Double blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised prospective intervention trial : to investigate the effectiveness of Bioslim in weight-loss and the influence of branding and advertising on the placebo response." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20329.
Анотація:
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is estimated that 1.3 billion people worldwide are either overweight or obese, making this a global epidemic. An effective weight-loss method involves the lifestyle changes of increased physical activity and lowered energy intake. These changes are difficult to carry out and to maintain. As a result, there is a soaring demand for weight-loss aids, including dietary supplements, which exploit consumers’ eagerness to find an effortless weight-loss solution. These supplements are easily accessible, require no prescription and are heavily marketed to suggest that weight loss is achievable without exercise and dieting. One such dietary supplement, Bioslim, is tested in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Bioslim results in greater weight loss than a placebo, and whether the marketing of the Bioslim brand has an influence on the placebo response. Overweight adults residing in Cape Town (n = 87) were recruited by advertising in community newspapers and setting up stands at shopping centres. The subjects were randomised into one of four groups: Bioslim in Bioslim packaging (n = 26), Bioslim in unbranded packaging (n = 22), placebo in Bioslim packaging (n = 17) and placebo in unbranded packaging (n = 22). At baseline, the subjects were given one of the four products and anthropometric measurements (weight, height and skinfold thickness) were taken. After four weeks, these measurements were repeated. The subjects also had to complete a questionnaire regarding their experiences. The body mass index (BMI) for the total population was 31.90 kg/m2 (SD = 3.91) at baseline and 31.89 kg/m2 (SD = 3.92) at follow-up. None of the measured anthropometric variables had changed significantly after four weeks. When the total study group sample was analysed, based on the allocated drug treatment groups (active or placebo), neither group showed significant weight loss from baseline to follow-up. Twenty-three subjects from the Bioslim group and 21 from the unbranded group reported exercising during the trial. The total group’s exercise time correlated significantly with fat-mass reduction (r = -0.31, p = 0.004). Furthermore, when data was analysed separately for the active and placebo groups, the active group showed a significant correlation (r = -0.45, p = 0.0012), while the placebo group showed an insignificant correlation (r = -0.05, p = 0.77). The same was not reflected in weight loss (r = -0.007, p = 0.95). It is concluded that Bioslim is an ineffective weight-loss supplement: subjects receiving active pills evidenced no significant beneficial changes in weight, waist circumference or body composition. More than half of the subjects attempted dieting and exercising, but these efforts were insufficient to impact on weight loss. The marketing and packaging of Bioslim did not enhance the placebo effect. One subject from the active group withdrew from the study, complaining of severe headaches and heart palpitations. There was no difference in adverse events reported by the remaining active and placebo group subjects. In conclusion, this study emphasises the need for better regulation of the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word geskat dat 1.3 biljoen mense wêreldwyd oorgewig of vetsugtig is, wat dit ‘n globale problem maak. ‘n Effektiewe gewigsverlies metode inkorporeer leefstyl veranderinge soos verhoogde fisiese aktiwiteit en ‘n laer energie inname. Hierdie veranderinge is moeilik om uit te voer en vol te hou. Die gevolg is ‘n stygende aanvraag vir gewigsverliesprodukte en supplemente, wat verbruikers se gretigheid om ‘n maklike gewigsverlies oplossing te kry, uitbuit. Hierdie supplemente is maklik verkrygbaar sonder ‘n voorskrif en word aggressief bemark met bewering dat gewigsverlies moontlik is sonder oefening en dieetaanpassing. Een van die beskikbare produkte, Bioslim, is getoets in die studie. Die doel van die studie was om te ondersoek of die gewigsverlies produk, Bioslim, lei tot ‘n groter gewigsverlies as ‘n plasebo produk en of die bemarking van die Bioslim handelsmerk ‘n invloed op die plasebo-effek het. Oorgewig volwassenes woonagtig in Kaapstad (n = 87) is gewerf deur advertering in gemeenskapskoerante en deur stalletjies by inkopiesentrums. Die proefpersone is ewekansig in vier groepe ingedeel: Bioslim in Bioslim verpakking (n = 26); Bioslim in verpakking sonder ‘n handelsmerk (n = 22); ‘n plasebo produk in Bioslim verpakking (n = 17) en ‘n plasebo produk in verpakking sonder ‘n handelsmerk (n = 17). Met aanvang van die studie is een van die vier produkte aan die proefpersone gegee en antropometriese metings (gewig, lengte en velvoudikte) is gemeet. Metings is na vier weke herhaal. Die proefpersone moes ook ‘n vraelys oor hul ervarings voltooi. Die liggaamsmassa indeks (LMI) van die totale populasie was 31,90 kg/m2 (SD = 3.91) by basislyn en 31.89 kg/m2 (SD = 3.92) met opvolg. Geen van die antropometriese veranderlikes het betekenisvol verander na vier weke nie. Met ontleding van die totale studie polulasie, gebasseer op die toegekende behandeling (aktiewe of plasebo bestanddele), is gevind dat geen groep ‘n betekenisvolle gewigsverlies getoon het van basislyn tot opvolg nie. Drie-en-twintig proefpersone uit die Bioslim groep en 21 uit die geen-handelsmerk-groep het gerapporteer dat hul geoefen het gedurende die studie. Die totale groep se oefenings tydsduur het betekenisvol gekorreleer met ‘n verlaging in vetmassa (r = -0.31, p = 0.004). Met verdere analiese van die data in die aktiewe en plasebo groepe, is gevind dat die aktiewe groep ‘n betekenisvolle korrelasie getoon het (r = -0.45, p = 0.0012), maar die plasebo groep nie (r = -0.05, p = 0.77). Hierdie bevinding is nie gevind in die gewigsverlies nie (r = -0.007, p = 0.95). Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat Bioslim ‘n oneffektiewe gewigsverlies supplement is, aangesien proefpersone wat die aktiewe pille geneem het, geen betekenisvolle voordelige veranderinge in hul gewig, middelomtrek of liggaamsamestelling getoon het nie. Alhoewel ‘n betekenisvolle korrelasie gevind is tussen oefeningsduur en verlies aan vetmassa in meer as die helfte van die proefpersone, was die omvang daarvan onvoldoende om ‘n impak op hul gewigsverlies te hê. Die bemarking en Bioslim handelsmerk het nie die placebo-effek versterk nie. Een persoon uit die aktiewe groep het van die studie onttrek as gevolg van erge hoofpyn en hartkloppings. Daar was geen verskil in die nadelige effekte gerapporteer deur die oorblywende proefpersone in die aktiewe en plasebo groepe nie. Ten slotte beklemtoon die studie die behoefte aan beter regulering van die effektiwiteit en veiligheid van dieetsupplemente.
14
Ahearne, Robert Michael. "Understanding contemporary development : Tanzanian life narratives of intervention." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-contemporary-development-tanzanian-life-narratives-of-intervention(917aad9d-8c71-4c52-8516-65838c1420d8).html.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the perceptions of development held by the supposed beneficiaries of various interventions over time. Development (or maendeleo) has been central to Tanzanian political discourse since the late-colonial era and is still drawn on by government, Civil Society and Non-governmental Organizations alike. This research investigates the period from late-colonialism until the present day, discussing the way in which wazee (older people) in South-Eastern Tanzania interpret development. In other words, this thesis centres on the views held by a group often overlooked in development research in a region that is similarly sidelined. In order to delimit the study in certain important ways, this thesis is framed by three dimensions that are seen as critical to reading development: materiality, place and ‘the past’.Material aspirations are seen as significant herein and are placed alongside the material inequalities between people and places that help to frame older people’s readings of development. These inequalities are partly played out in the differences between places, as in two proximate villages in South-Eastern Tanzania, and the perceptions of place and space are also fundamental to interpreting development. History/‘the past’ and the way in which this is understood and represented is a third and equally important dimension which structures the way in which development is understood by older people, based on their experience of ‘the past’ rather than through historical distinctions imposed from ‘outside’. This thesis offers a multi-disciplinary approach to investigating development, and demonstrates that a thorough engagement with people who have lived through numerous different eras and experienced various interventions, generates complex, place-specific readings of development. Through ethnographic research I have been able to demonstrate the importance of ‘localized’ knowledge although many of those who were interviewed draw from attendant discourses at regional, national and global scales in order to exemplify their arguments. Development is largely understood through absence rather than presence by wazee in South-Eastern Tanzania and with far greater complexity than is often allowed for in more mainstream research into development. Expectations for development have been created over time by various promises of intervention but the perceived failure of many such attempts is seen to further emphasize the absence rather than the presence of development, with older people arguing that they are isolated and ostracised and written out of contemporary development and materially poor. The value placed on uncovering voices that are otherwise lost from debates cannot be overemphasized and this illustrates that development tropes appear far different when the perspectives of wazee are fully analyzed. This thesis, then, challenges mainstream discourse and conventional histories of development and argues for a more engaged and grounded reading of the concept.
15
Pinheiro, Gabriela V. "Art from place : the expression of cultural memory in the urban environment and in place-specific art interventions." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394755.
16
Bäckström, Nina. "Situated Commonism in the landscape of Umeå : Claiming and Sharing Places." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108588.
Анотація:
This is about acting from a situation, a place, its conditions and its actors. It is an attempt to understand the ongoing transformations of the city of Umeå, to grasp how it functions and gain the knowledge to be able to act within and suggest new possible futures. By looking at Umeå and the current situation with the parking lot as an index, a tool, a laboratory, and a possible new common, new ways of building the city while living within it will be suggested. The non place of the parking lot with its singular purpose is part of the mechanisms that makes our city, at the same time it is the effect of this city making and it is also a great place to start a change of such system. The 2.5x5 meters that makes a parking lot is small in comparison with the city, and even more so in comparison with the country or the world, but the size also makes it possible to grasp, touch and inhabit. The smallness makes it seem rather innocent and without much importance but the power lies within its multiplicity. A change within a parking lot might not be much, but the possibility of spreading throughout the city and the world makes the parking lot a very powerful place. Since humans can sometimes be creatures of habit, I believe that it is extremely important to keep on questioning the way we inhabit the world together. Widely spread and accepted habits can start acting like dysfunctional natural laws steering us in a direction we might not have chosen if alternatives were presented to us. By investigating and testing the possibilities of such a bland and unquestioned place as the parking lot, I am looking to find glimpses of alternative ways of making the world while living it.
17
Mouysset, Henry. "Place du propofol en chirurgie generale et gynecologique pour interventions de courte et moyenne duree." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31029.
18
Blättler, Hannah [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Henningsen, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Meissner, J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ronel, and Christof A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolb. "Akute Effekte einer "open-hidden" Placebo-Intervention auf Koronargefäße / Hannah Blättler. Gutachter: Christof A. Kolb. Betreuer: Peter Henningsen ; K. Meissner ; J. Ronel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030099928/34.
19
Hafizi, Kaamel. "The effect of Methylphenidate on Energy Expenditure in Individuals with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Pilot Trial." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39265.
Анотація:
Objectives: Most weight loss medications target reductions in energy intake while neglecting energy expenditure, a critical predictor of weight loss/regain. This pilot study examined the effect of short-acting methylphenidate (MPH) on resting energy expenditure (REE), thermic effect of food (TEF), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and how changes in energy expenditure relate to changes in body composition in youth and adults living with obesity.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled two-parallel arm study. In total, 19 participants were screened, of which 14 participants were randomized into the study, but complete data was only collected for 12, and only analyzed for 10 participants. Those 10 participants aged 28.8 ± 6.9 yrs. (5 Male, 5 Female) were randomized to receive either MPH (0.5 mg/kg) (n = 5) or placebo (n =5) twice daily for 60 days. Participants’ REE and TEF (indirect calorimetry), were measured at baseline (no drug/placebo), and day 60 post-treatment (drug/placebo). Participants’ PAEE (Actical) was measured between screening and baseline for a 1-week period (no drug/placebo), and on day 53 for a 1-week period (drug/placebo). Participants’ anthropometrics were measured using DEXA at baseline, and day 60 post-treatment.
Results: From baseline to day 60, MPH showed a relative difference to placebo in relative REE (Relative REE: F(1, 8) = 4.235, p = 0.074, d = 0.83, 2 = 0.346) of 10%, evidenced by a 6% increase in relative REE kcal/kg (18.53 ± 1.97 Kcal/day/kg at baseline, 19.71 ± 2.52 Kcal/day/kg at final) for the MPH group, and a 4% decrease (19.08 2.36 Kcal/day/kg at baseline, 18.26 ± 2.04 Kcal/day/kg at final) in placebo, translating to moderate-effect size (Cohen’s d=0.63) favouring MPH. From baseline to day 60, there were no significant differences between groups on changes in TEF (TEF AUC: F(1, 8) = 0.079, p = 0.785, d = 0.15, 2 = 0.010) or any PAEE variables such as sedentary behavior (SB: F (1, 8) = 0.455, p = 0.52, d = 0.02, 2 = 0.054), light physical activity (LPA: F (1, 8) = 0.504, p = 0.50, d = 0.16, 2 = 0.059), moderate physical activity (MPA: F (1, 8) = 0.281, p = 0.61, d = 0.19, 2 = 0.034), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA: F (1, 8) = 0.120, p = 0.74, d = 0.15, 2 = 0.015), or vigorous physical activity (VPA: F (1, 8) = 3.495, p = 0.098, d = 0.91, 2 = 0.304) . Mean change in body weight (kg) resulted in a weight loss of roughly -2.66 ± 2.00 kg in the MPH group and -1.64 ± 1.41 kg in the placebo group, differences that were not statistically significant. Mean change in both groups for body fat% of -0.33 ± 2.08 %, mean change in fat mass of -1.05 ± 2.59 kg, and finally a mean change in fat-free mass of -0.06 ± 1.19 kg was reported. Changes in relative REE were inversely correlated with changes in body weight (r = -0.599, p = 0.067), body fat (r = -0.524, p = 0.12) and fat mass (r = -0.599, p = 0.096). These associations were stronger in the MPH group.
Conclusions: Our data suggests that MPH administration may lead to a meaningful increase in relative REE, and these suggested changes were associated with reductions in adiposity among individuals with obesity. These preliminary findings suggest that MPH should be further examined using a larger sample size and study duration to determine its effectiveness in promoting weight loss and maintenance of weight loss in individuals with obesity, a population at high risk of morbidity and premature mortality.
20
Wänstedt, Ida. "The Invisible Infrastructure: Parking as Place-Maker in a Motorised Urbanity." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108608.
Анотація:
Parking, a seemingly mundane topic, have a huge impact on peoples right to the city. This thesis aims to explore the effects of the regulatory space created by parking norms and policies within the urban landscape. Parking is in this thesis identified as an active form, drawing from the work of Keller Easterling. Being controlled and regulated at the municipal level, parking is a question of local politics. This opens up possibilities for reorganizing parking as a tool for planning and place-making. By rewiring the organization of parking, from an individual property into a cooperative infrastructure, parking becomes a platform for generating local communities in the mid-sized Swedish city.
21
Otchoumou, Hoppe Christelle. "Mise en place d'un dispositif LMOOC d'enseignement-apprentissage des langues : analyse didactique d'une recherche intervention." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0015.
Анотація:
Cette thèse est une recherche intervention qui vise à analyser l'interaction des procédés d'enseignement et d'appropriation des langues afin de déterminer à quelles conditions l'utilisation d'un environnement d'apprentissage à distance médiatisé par les technologies rend possible la mise en oeuvre d'expériences d'apprentissage potentiellement favorables au développement langagier au sein d'un MOOC (Massive Open Online Course). Elle a pour objet la conception de dispositifs LMOOC, leur ajustement et leur évaluation. La mise en place d'un dispositif pédagogique et sa conception requièrent de proposer un scénario pédagogique à l'aide d'outils suffisamment théorisés qui vise à conduire les apprenants vers des épisodes d'apprentissage favorisant une progression qualitative en LA. Nous avons mobilisé les apports théoriques des systèmes complexes et dynamiques pour l'apprentissage des langues (CDST) et intégré une approche ergonomique de l'activité instrumentée pour concevoir un scénario pédagogique au sein d'un dispositif LMOOC. A partir des traces d'interactions, nous avons ensuite analysé et interprété les potentialités de développement langagier dans les usages des apprenants pour évaluer l'efficacité de ces dispositifs pour l'apprentissage de LA. Cette analyse permet d'identifier les conditions selon lesquelles l'ensemble des ressources oriente l'activité des apprenants vers des pratiques sociales d'apprentissageThe perspective of this thesis is to analyze how the teaching and learning processes are interacting in order to underline on the conditions to which a technology-mediated distance learning environment is liable to promote French as an Additional Language (AL) learning experiences within a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course). The research main objectives are the setting up of the artifact, its adjustment to the context and its evaluation. The implementation of a pedagogical environment aims at providing the learners with the tools leading them towards a qualitative progression in the AL. The first phase of the intervention research was devoted to the setting of the theoretical and conceptual framework to favor the AL learning activity. We mobilized complex and dynamic system theories (CDST) and socio-cultural theories for the design of the artifact. The conceptual framework is completed with an ergonomic approach of the instrumental activity. We then analyzed the conditions under which, within the MOOC environment, a flexible task-based language learning artifact mediates learners' language activity towards participatory social practices. Language learning activity and learners' interactions are assessed, interpreted and analyzed through the lens of our theoretical framework
22
Aubin, Elizabeth. "La place de l’art dans l’intervention de groupe auprès de femmes immigrantes et réfugiées ayant subi de la violence : une étude exploratoire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7541.
Анотація:
Considérant leur vécu prémigratoire, souvent marqué d’expériences traumatiques, ainsi que les stress inhérents au processus migratoire, les personnes immigrantes ou réfugiées constituent une population à risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale. Malgré cela, les réfugiés semblent sous-utiliser les services institutionnels standards et de nombreux intervenants rapportent se sentir démunis dans l’intervention avec ces personnes. Plusieurs auteurs ont questionné les modèles de psychothérapie occidentaux en contexte d’intervention interculturelle, notamment la psychothérapie individuelle verbale, et suggèrent d’autres types d’interventions, dont les interventions de groupe utilisant les modalités artistiques. Si plusieurs de ces interventions ont été mises en place dans le souci d’offrir des services adaptés à cette clientèle, peu d’entre elles ont été évaluées. De plus, les quelques études disponibles ne rencontrent pas les normes de rigueur scientifique en psychologie, ou encore, évaluent l’efficacité de ces interventions surtout en termes de changements sur le plan de la symptomatologie, négligeant par conséquent le vécu subjectif des participants en lien avec les modalités utilisées. La présente étude s’intéresse donc à la pertinence de l’utilisation de modalités artistiques dans le cadre d’une intervention de groupe offerte à des femmes immigrantes ou réfugiées, de diverses origines ethniques, ayant vécu la violence. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre plus large d’une recherche-action portant sur l’adaptation et l’évaluation des services offerts par un CSSS aux immigrants et réfugiés. Dans une optique descriptive et exploratoire, les analyses qualitatives portent sur trois dimensions : 1) le vécu des participantes en lien avec l’utilisation des modalités artistiques; 2) le rôle potentiel de levier thérapeutique des activités artistiques; 3) la satisfaction des participantes quant à l’utilisation de ces modalités. L’étude de cas ainsi que les analyses par questionnement analytique effectuées sur les données recueillies, via les notes d’observation, les créations artistiques des participantes ainsi que les entrevues pré et post-test, guident l’exploration de ces trois dimensions. Les résultats obtenus mettent en exergue la pertinence des modalités artistiques incluses, notamment en ce qui concerne leur potentiel thérapeutique auprès de femmes ayant vécu la violence. L’analyse des données montre en effet que les modalités artistiques favorisent l’accès aux mémoires traumatiques, l’expression directe ou indirecte de la souffrance ainsi qu’une meilleure régulation émotionnelle. Ces éléments sont importants car ils soutiennent le processus d’intégration de l’expérience traumatique ainsi qu’une certaine « décristallisation » de l’identité traumatique. De plus, les modalités artistiques utilisées dans cette intervention ont généralement été appréciées et perçues comme pertinentes par les participantes sur le plan thérapeutique, et ce, malgré certains défis soulevés relativement à l’intervention. Enfin, les six cas présentés permettent d’analyser différentes dimensions de l’expérience des participantes, en lien avec l’utilisation des modalités artistiques, et serviront de vignettes cliniques pour la formation des intervenantes. Somme toute, cette étude novatrice enrichit le corpus des connaissances scientifiques et cliniques et les résultats de cette étude contribueront à l’amélioration du protocole d’intervention, tout en constituant un outil de formation et de préparation pour les intervenants qui prodigueront cette intervention.
23
Mendoza, Garcia Jose Antonio. "Do place-based interventions displace crime in cities? : an evaluation of two crime prevention strategies in Chihuahua, Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111413.
Анотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-90).
Scholars and practitioners have traditionally been skeptical of place-based crime prevention and reduction interventions because they can potentially displace crime to other times, locations, settings, or crime events. However, only few empirical studies have successfully demonstrated crime displacement, and when found it has tended to be less than the benefits of the intervention. Some scholars have even differentiated between benign and malign displacement, the former referring to socially acceptable redistribution of crime and the latter to producing worse outcomes than without the intervention. Existing scholarship in sociology and criminology has found that interventions more commonly produce a diffusion of benefits in the form of a reduction of crime in areas adjacent to the intervention, through deterrence or discouragement. This study analyzes crime displacement following both public and private place-based interventions in Chihuahua, Mexico, a city whose crime rates catapulted as a result of the Mexican War on Drugs. The first intervention considered here is that of gated communities, privately initiated responses that now house around a tenth of the total population of the city. The second intervention type studied centers on public sector initiatives. Here the thesis presents a spatial analysis of the National Program for the Social Prevention of Crime and Violence (PRONAPRED), a publicly funded situational-prevention strategy that transfers funds to local actors working on crime prevention. Using empirical evidence from these two intervention typologies, this thesis focuses on identifying whether or not there is spatial displacement of crime. The results of this study do not identify significant crime displacement nor diffusion of benefits from interventions to adjacent areas, except for pedestrian robberies, which increase around gated communities but decrease next to PRONAPRED interventions. However, controlling for other factors, it finds that marginalization levels and the presence of community-based interventions impact crime displacement.
by Jose Antonio Mendoza Garcia.
M.C.P.
24
Aublet-Cuvelier, Béatrice. "A propos d'une expérience de coordination des interventions sanitaires et sociales auprès de la population âgée : réflexion sur la mise en place d'une unité de coordination locale." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR23018.
25
Claus, Benedikt Bernd [Verfasser], and Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Bonnet. "Effektivität einer den Placebo-Effekt verstärkenden Intervention als zusätzliche Maßnahme für stationär behandelte Patienten mit unipolarer depressiver Störung: Eine randomisierte Kontrollstudie / Benedikt Bernd Claus ; Betreuer: Udo Bonnet." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193590868/34.
26
Botha, Daniel. "Lonely Places : Investigating the impact of environmental factors on loneliness and social isolation." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298487.
Анотація:
Loneliness is increasingly understood as a significant physical and mental health concern in modern society. Yet studies of the subject typically characterise it as resulting entirely from subjective individual characteristics and circumstances. The impact of broader living environments is understudied, leaving disciplines such as urban planning with little guidance as to how environmental intervention strategies might best ameliorate loneliness. This paper uses Stockholm as a case study for asking two place-based questions: (1) what can our knowledge of loneliness risk factors tell us about the possible spatial distribution of loneliness in cities? (2) what influence does the built environment itself have on loneliness? An abductive approach is used to test different ways in which urban planners might map risk of loneliness and social isolation in different neighbourhoods. The results shed light on spatial segregation as a potential contributing factor, with implications for planning practice.
27
Loupsans, Delphine Marie-Josée Natacha. "La place des intérêts et des normes dans l'action humanitaire de l'Union européenne." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40029.
Анотація:
Il ressort largement des réflexions inspirées des théories traditionnelles, comme le réalisme et le libéralisme, qu'aucun Etat ou groupe d'états n'est disposé à intervenir - civilement et plus encore militairement - pour mettre fin à une urgence humanitaire, si aucun intérêt matériel ou stratégique ne l'y contraint. Toutefois, en s'accordant sur le refus de donner une exitence propre aux normes, aucun de ces paradigmes n'est en mesure d'expliquer de façon apodictique l'action humanitaire d'urgence mise en oeuvre par les institutions européennes, ni même d'en traduire le caractère original et novateur. En effet, l'intérêt des décideurs européens pour les normes humanitaires a évolué au point qu'ils prennent parfois des décisions jouant contre les intérêts matériels et stratégiques de l'Union européenne. Pour nous, c'est bien la marque que ces normes sont devenues un symbole constitutif, c'est-à-dire pour résumer Martha Finnemore "des attentes partagées par les décideurs européens à propos des comportements acceptables" et qu'elles façonnent le comportement européen en intervenant dans la constitution de l'identité et des intérêts de l'Union européenne. Dans notre optique onstructiviste, les identités dont sont issus les intérêts ne sont pas comprises comme étant données mais comme étant la résultante du processus d'interaction sociale par lequel se disséminent les compréhensions partagées et structurées autour des normes humanitaires. Les intérêts sont, alors, définis dans un contexte d'appropriation de ces normes, expliquant alors que les intérêts humanitaires priment sur les intérêts stratégiquesThe reflexions inspired by the traditional theories, such as realism, and liberalism, clearly emphasise the fact that no State or group of States is willing to take civil or military action in order to put an end to a humanitarian crisis, unless a material or strategic interest is involved. Nevertheless, by refusing to accept the reality of the norms, none of these paradigms can explain in an apodictic way the humanitarian action implemented by the European institutions or even convey its original and new aspect. Actually, the interest for the humanitarian norms is so important from the European decision-makers that they sometimes have to make decisions that go against the material and strategic interest of the European Union. These norms could consequently become a component symbol; which means, according to Martha Finnemore : "The expectations shared by the European decision-makers concerning the acceptable attitudes" and they could shape the European behaviour by interfering with the identiry and interests of the European Union. From a constructivist point of view, the identities which are at the origin of general interests are not understood as a given fact, but as a result of the social interaction, which allows the dissemination of the shared and structured understanding of the humanitariant norms ; consequently, the interests are defined in a context of appropriation of these norms
28
Romijn, Amy Rebecca. "Efficacy of a probiotic supplement as an intervention for the symptoms of depression : a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, open label extension and 6 month follow-up." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11177.
Анотація:
This thesis presents the first randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate whether supplemented probiotic bacteria-"live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (Sanders, 2008)-affect mood and other psychological outcomes in people presenting with low mood. Seventy-nine participants with at least moderate symptoms of depression were randomised in a double-blind manner to receive either a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum or a matched placebo for eight weeks. The RCT phase was followed by an open label extension in which all participants were offered the active study product for a further 8 weeks. Participants were followed up at 6 months post-study. Based on the existing evidence from gut-brain axis research, and on models linking depression with inflammation, immune activation, low vitamin D levels, and the gut microbiota (outlined in Chapters 1 and 2), it was hypothesised that: the overall sample would have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers and low levels of vitamin D at baseline, and that this would be associated with scores on psychological and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) outcome measures; that group differences (active treatment versus placebo) would be observed in scores on psychological outcome measures after eight weeks of probiotic intervention; that group differences would also be observed in blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines, hsCRP, vitamin D and BDNF, and scores on a measure of gut function/IBS, and that levels of these variables may predict or impact on treatment response; and that group differences would be observed on outcome measures at the point of the 6-month follow-up between those who continued to take the probiotic and those who discontinued probiotic use. In total, 58 of the 77 participants who provided baseline blood samples (75%) had at least one marker of inflammation elevated outside the normal reference range at baseline. Baseline vitamin D was approaching the deficient level, displayed a seasonal pattern, and was associated with severity on one measure of cognition. No significant differences were found between the active treatment and placebo groups on any psychological outcome measure, the measure of gut function or in the level of any blood-based biomarker in the randomised phase. Baseline vitamin D level was found to moderate treatment effect on several outcome measures. The results of the open label extension supported the lack of efficacy observed in the randomised phase, and also allowed for the comparison of efficacy over intervention periods of varying durations. The results of the follow-up at 6 months post-trial indicated that, while mean scores on psychological outcome measures remained lower than baseline, there was regression on some outcome measures after the study. When the participants who replied to the 6 month follow-up questionnaire were divided into groups based on their self-reported dominant treatment since the trial (probiotics/nutrition, standard treatment or no treatment) there was no difference in mood or other psychological outcomes among the groups at 6 months. The current trial found no evidence that this probiotic formulation is effective in treating the symptoms of depression or IBS, or in moderating the levels of inflammatory and other biomarkers in a sample recruited with moderate depression. This finding does not support the theory proposed in several narrative reviews which suggests probiotics as a possible intervention for depression and other mental health outcomes, but is supported by the systematic review of human probiotics studies presented in Chapter 3 which found overall limited evidence of probiotic efficacy for psychological outcomes. Future studies in the area should attempt to further broaden this field, in particular by recruiting samples with mild and/or non-chronic depression for interventional studies, or by approaching probiotics as a preventative or adjuvant treatment strategy for depression.
29
Rault, Aude. "Étude des déterminants psychosociaux des alcoolisations chez les sportifs : mise en place et évaluation d'interventions de prévention." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0358.
Анотація:
La consommation d’alcool est un comportement de santé par rapport auquel les sportifs constituent une population à risque tant ils ont tendance à considérer les ivresses comme une pratique ordinaire. Ce sujet étant souvent raillé bien qu’avéré, le rôle joué dans cette consommation par divers facteurs démographiques, psychologiques, sociaux et environnementaux demeure mal connu. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs de risque des alcoolisations des sportifs en prenant en compte la spécificité de cette population, avant de réaliser des interventions de prévention. Onze études portant sur des étudiants sportifs ou des rugbymen professionnels ont été menées. Les résultats révèlent que les sportifs masculins et les sportifs évoluant dans une discipline collective consomment davantage d’alcool, notamment par le biais des motivations à boire, des attentes envers la substance et des contextes de consommation rencontrés. De ce fait, l’environnement sportif, en fournissant un grand nombre d’occasions, facilite les alcoolisations qui se révèlent gages de cohésion. Ces consommations représentent alors un moyen pour les individus de se conformer à la norme de leurs coéquipiers, celle-ci étant par ailleurs généralement surestimée. Les résultats tendent également à considérer la dévaluation de la norme perçue et la motivation au changement comme des leviers à intégrer aux interventions visant à diminuer les alcoolisations. L’ensemble de ces éléments est discuté au vu de leurs applications possibles en termes de recherche ou de prise en charge des sportifs, en particulier sur la nécessité de développer des actions de préventionAlcohol consumption is a health behavior in relation to which athletes constitute a population at risk as they tend to consider drunkenness as an ordinary practice. This subject, although poorly viewed and sometimes mocked due to stereotypical assumptions about sports and alcohol use, is not well understood. In particular, little is known about the various demographic, psychological, social and environmental factors that could explain excessive alcohol consumption in this group. Thus, this thesis aimed to identify the drinking risk factors for athletes by taking into account the specificities of this population, before carrying out prevention interventions. Eleven studies were conducted with sports students and professional rugby players. The results revealed that male athletes and athletes participating in collective sports consume more alcohol, but this was moderated by drinking motives, expectations about the substance and encountered consumption contexts. In line with this, it was found that the sporting environment, provides many opportunities for alcohol consumption and valorizes such behaviour by using it as a method of building cohesion between players. Drinking thus represents a means for individuals to comply with the standards of their teammates, and the importance of this is generally overestimated. Based on the findings we suggest that devaluation of the perceived norm for alcohol consumption and the motivation for change are key levers to be included in interventions aimed at reducing alcohol abuse. These elements are discussed in view of their possible applications in terms of research or support, and especially in relation to the need to develop prevention interventions
30
Chavot-Carteaux, Isabelle. "Les facteurs psychologiques de la prematurite : place d'une intervention psychotherapique aupres des femmes enceintes hospitalisees pour menace d'accouchement premature." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN11233.
31
Darbelley, Laurence Dautel Gilles. "Instabilité scapholunaire dissociative post-traumatique du carpe place de la ligamentoplastie de Peter Weiss /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_DARBELLEY_LAURENCE.pdf.
32
Renwick, H. Frances. "The contribution of 'a quiet place' to early intervention strategies for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in mainstream schools." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400393.
33
Harrison, Claudia. "Thinking Within Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35943.
Анотація:
With historic ruins as a project vehicle, this
thesis investigates connections to an existing structure
through materials and spatial relationships. The
proposed intervention, guided by design elements
and preservation methods, reflects a sensitive
approach and provides a transition between our
built heritage and an adapted form of architecture.Master of Architecture
34
El, Majzoub Nada. "SUPPORT SERVICES AND PROGRAMMATIC INTERVENTIONS FOUR-YEAR INSTITUTIONS HAVE IN PLACE TO ASSIST AND GRADUATE STUDENTS WITH LOW ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edl_etds/7.
Анотація:
This mixed methods study investigates the influence of student characteristics and institutional support services and interventions on graduation rates. Regression analysis was conducted using a dataset constructed from multiple publically available resources to estimate graduation rates. Regression results showed High School Grade Point Average to be the highest estimator of graduation rates, among other student and institutional characteristics. The results confirmed existing findings on the influence of student pre-college and demographic characteristics on graduation rates for students with academic needs. Content analysis of survey data from office of support service personnel at public four-year institutions shows institutions implement a wide array of support services, with a focus on Summer Bridge Programs to support college readiness in underprepared students. Content analysis of interviews with Academic Support Staff indicates institutions focus attention on students with low academic credentials through support services and interventions practiced in unique ways at the institutional level. Findings from the study were used to construct a model for use by institutions to improve support services and programs provided to students with low academic credentials regardless of their pre-existing characteristics.
35
Loupsans, Delphine. "La place des intérêts et des normes dans l'action humanitaire de l'Union européenne." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402949.
Анотація:
Il ressort largement des réflexions inspirées des théories traditionnelles, comme le réalisme et le libéralisme, qu'aucun Etat ou groupe d'Etats n'est disposé à intervenir - civilement et plus encore militairement - pour mettre fin à une urgence humanitaire, si aucun intérêt matériel ou stratégique ne l'y contraint. Toutefois, en s'accordant sur le refus de donner une existence propre aux normes, aucun de ces paradigmes n'est en mesure d'expliquer de façon apodictique l'action humanitaire d'urgence mise en œuvre par les institutions européennes, ni même d'en traduire le caractère original et novateur. En effet, l'intérêt porté par les décideurs européens aux normes humanitaires est tel que ces derniers prennent, depuis la fin de la Guerre froide, des décisions pouvant jouer contre les intérêts matériels et stratégiques de l'Union européenne. Pour nous, c'est bien la marque que ces normes sont devenues un symbole constitutif, c'est-à-dire pour résumer Martha Finnemore « des attentes partagées par les décideurs européens à propos de comportements acceptables » et qu'elles façonnent le comportement européen en intervenant dans la constitution de l'identité et des intérêts de l'Union européenne. Dans notre optique constructiviste, les identités dont sont issus les intérêts ne sont pas comprises comme étant données mais comme résultant du processus d'interaction sociale par lequel se disséminent les compréhensions partagées et structurées autour des normes humanitaires. Cet intérêt pour l'humanitaire est, donc, défini dans un contexte d'appropriation de ces normes qui explique que leur défense prime sur la satisfaction d'intérêts purement stratégiques.
36
Hunter, Louise. "Supporting teenage mothers to initiate breastfeeding and developing a support intervention to increase breastfeeding rates in a vulnerable group : the importance of place." Thesis, University of West London, 2014. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1057/.
Анотація:
Background: Not being breastfed is internationally considered to have a lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. In the UK and other developed nations, adolescent mothers are among those least likely to breastfeed and require additional support to do so due to their unique developmental position. Evidence indicates that many young mothers who intend to breastfeed never initiate breastfeeding or stop soon after giving birth, and there may be factors in the UK health system or wider society preventing the success of breastfeeding support interventions. These considerations led to a two-phase investigation which aimed to study the context of breastfeeding support and evaluate a targeted breastfeeding support intervention for young women. Methods: A realist evaluation framework was used. 83 UK health professionals responded to an e-questionnaire. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 15 young mothers (aged 16-20) in Oxford, England. A breastfeeding support package was then developed and implemented on a UK postnatal ward for six months. A concurrent mixed methods evaluation was carried out. Each component of the investigation was analysed thematically using inductive content analysis. Ethical approval was received. Findings: Young women appear motivated to breastfeed to show that they are good mothers. However, breastfeeding can alienate them from their families at a time when they need to be accepted in their new mothering role. Young mothers can feel disempowered after birth and like ‘fish out of water’ on the postnatal ward. A need was identified for proactive breastfeeding support from health professionals focusing on relational care, particularly as some maternity professionals displayed negative attitudes to teenage mothers and breastfeeding. Despite staff training developing a more positive and enabling attitude towards young women, much of the proposed support package proved impossible to implement in a busy, task-orientated medical environment where time, convenience, control, and individual staff beliefs were used as yardsticks to determine the acceptability of different aspects of care. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of proactive, relational breastfeeding support for young mothers. Such support requires a facilitative environment in order to be implemented successfully. It is suggested that such an environment could be created on the postnatal ward if midwives and MSWs created workplace communities and claimed ownership of their time and space. Action Learning may facilitate this process.
37
Tostes, Filho Homero Cezar Nogueira. "Não nos falta, ao passo, coração. Avante! A intervenção urbana como processo comunicativo contemporâneo." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2707.
Анотація:
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A proposta deste trabalho é investigar a validade da intervenção urbana como meio de comunicação, bem como procurar as razões pelas quais esta prática sobrevive em meio a um contexto tecnológico que aparenta superá-la. Com tal objetivo em mente, utilizamos estudos de caso que concatenam movimentos contraculturais da década de 60 com coletivos ativistas contemporâneos. Para tanto, pretende-se analisar o desenvolvimento das técnicas empregadas na gênese das práticas ativistas ao longo deste intervalo de 40 anos de desenvolvimento tecnológico.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of urban intervention as a means of communication and seek the reasons for this practice survives in the midst of a technological environment that appears to overcome it. With this goal in mind, we use case studies that concatenate countercultural movements of the 60s with contemporary activist collectives. To this end, we intend to analyze the development of techniques employed in the genesis of practices activists during this interval of 40 years of technological development.
38
Guillet, Marie Kaigre Marine Flamant Cyril Le Doaré Denizot Sophie. "Un savoir-faire à faire savoir... : étude de la mise en place d'une intervention orthophonique autour de l'oralité dans un service de réanimation néonatale." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=58521.
39
Riddle, Brad A. "Exploring the effect of a lifestyle enrichment program to reduce perfectionism and increase spiritual, individual, and interpersonal satisfaction in Christians, using a cognitive behavioral intervention." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com.
40
Radošťanová, Iveta. "Analýza účinnosti metod omezujících kouření." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71708.
Анотація:
Smoking is considered as the single greatest preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore government is trying to reduce smoking by its interventions. The subject of this work is to examine the effects of governmental interventions in terms of their proclaimed and actual consequences. The criterions for our evaluations will be the impact of the intervention on the public health, state budget and social redistribution. In order to outline the situation more comprehensively we will include also uninteded consequences of governmental activities. This will serve as an additional criterion for governmental intervention evaluation. We have no ambition to find the clearly best method for reduction of smoking behavior. We will attempt to point out that there are several contradictions among proclaimed and actual consequences of governmental interventions.
41
Bernal, Caroline. "Promotion des comportements actifs chez des enfants d’école primaire issus d’un quartier défavorisé : mise en place et évaluation d’une intervention multi-leviers basée sur le modèle socio-écologique et effets de l’activité physique sur les capacités attentionnelles." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3056.
Анотація:
L'une des stratégies les plus prometteuses pour promouvoir l'activité physique (AP) et réduire le temps sédentaire (TS) auprès des enfants est la mise en place d'interventions en milieu scolaire. Cette thèse comportait 4 objectifs principaux : 1) Analyser l'AP et le TS des enfants de 8 à 11 ans à différents moments de la journée en France et en Espagne ; 2) Mettre en place et évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention multi-leviers en milieu scolaire visant à promouvoir les comportements actifs d’enfants de 6 à 10 ans issus d'un quartier défavorisé; 3) Analyser les expériences vécues par les enseignants au cours de cette intervention ; 4) Explorer les effets de l’AP et de la motricité sur les capacités attentionnelles des enfants. Des effets positifs se sont produits avant l'intervention dans chaque école et ont été maintenus en post intervention (p<0,05). Les capacités attentionnelles étaient prédites par les habiletés motrices, notamment par la coordination du membre supérieur. Ainsi, ce travail fournit de nouvelles orientations dans la promotion des comportements actifsOne of the most promising strategies to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary time (ST) of the children is the implementation of school-based interventions. This work had 4 main objectives: 1) To analyse PA and ST of 8-to-11 year-old children during different periods of the day in France and in Spain; 2) To construct and evaluate the effectiveness of a duplicated school-based intervention designed to active behaviours of 6-to-10-years-old children of a disadvantaged neighbourhood; 3) To analyse the experiences of the teachers during this intervention; 4) To explore the relationships between PA, motor skills and attentional capacities for children. Positives effects have occurred before the intervention in each school and have been maintained at post-intervention (p<0.05). Attentional capacities were predicted by motors skills, including coordination of the upper limb. Thus, this work provides new directions in the advancement of PA promotion
42
Dahm, Rebecca. "Effets de l’introduction d’une approche plurielle fondée sur des langues inconnues sur le système didactique : des éléments de cadrage à la mise en place expérimentale en classe d’anglais au collège." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22060/document.
Анотація:
Cette recherche doctorale s’inscrit dans le cadre de la didactique de l’anglais et prend appui sur les champs théoriques propres à la didactique des langues et aux sciences du langage. Elle a pour objet l’étude de l’introduction d’approches plurielles fondées sur les langues inconnues (APLI) au sein du cours d’anglais et cherche à comprendre les effets d’une telle modification du savoir sur les acteurs de la relation pédagogique (l’élève et l’enseignant). Une quasi-expérimentation fut menée sur l’année scolaire 2011-2012 dans cinq classes de collège, de niveau cinquième. Les élèves, regroupés par tétrades, ont successivement été confrontés à trois langues inconnues (néerlandais, italien et finnois). Pour chacune de ces langues, ils ont été amenés à résoudre des problèmes d’ordre métasémantique, métasyntaxique, puis métaphonologique. Après avoir circonscrit le cadre institutionnel et théorique nécessaire à l’étude, le cadre méthodologique est précisé. Puis est abordée l’analyse des effets de la modification du savoir devenu plurilingue, tant sur les élèves que sur les enseignants. Lorsqu’on observe les effets des APLI sur la relation Savoir-Professeur, on constate que cette modification didactique a permis aux enseignants de mieux comprendre les concepts de situation-problème, de conceptualisation, de stratégies d’apprentissage et de compétence. La transposition didactique s’en trouve modifiée : les enseignants ont progressivement été amenés à concevoir des séquences didactiques donnant plus de place à l’élève, avec des exigences plus élevées. L’étude de la relation Enseignant-Élève met en exergue une modification de la pratique, essentiellement liée à la mise en place du travail de groupe. Le rôle de l’enseignant est alors révisé : il devient facilitateur du travail qui s’effectue en collaboration au sein du groupe. Finalement, l’analyse de la relation Savoir-Élève souligne la nécessaire conscientisation qui mène vers le développement de compétences plurilingues et la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’apprentissage transférables à l’étude de la L2This doctoral research work is embedded in the field of language didactics and is equally based on the linguistics and cognitive theoretical fields. Its main goal is to study the introduction of pluralistic approaches based on unknown languages (PAUL) within the English class, at lower secondary school. It seeks to understand the effects of such a change of knowledge on the actors of the pedagogical relationship (student and teacher). A quasi-experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 in five year 7 and four year 9 forms. Students, in groups of four, were successively confronted to three unknown languages (Dutch, Italian and Finnish). They were asked to solve metasemantic, metasyntactic or metaphonological problems in turn, for each of these languages. This doctoral work first explores the institutional and theoretical framework. Then, it presents the methodological framework so as to be able to analyze the effects of the change of the knowledge parameter which has become multilingual, both on the students and the teachers. When looking into the effects of PAUL on the Knowledge-Teacher relationship, we observe that it enables teachers to better apprehend concepts such as problem-solving, conceptualisation, learning strategies and competence. The didactic transposition is hence modified: teachers have gradually been led to develop teaching sequences with higher standards giving more space to the student. The study of the Teacher-Student relationship highlights a change in practice, mainly due to the implementation of group work. The role of the teacher is then revised: he becomes a facilitator of the collaborative learning. Finally, the analysis of the Knowledge-Student relationship underlines the necessary awareness that leads to the development of multilingual competences through the implementation of learning strategies which appear to be transferable to the study of L2
43
Rodriguez, Maria A. "Reducing Caregiver Burden: Fostering Healthy Aging and Social Support." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6753.
Анотація:
Over 43.5 million Americans provide informal care to a fast-growing elderly population in the United States. Informal care allows care-recipients to remain functional members of society. However, research suggests that the demands of informal care can negatively impact the health of caregivers. For example, caregiver burden increases the risk for poor health in caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Caregiving research is on the rise, but the dynamics of informal care in active retirement communities remains widely unexplored. To provide adequate services to lessen caregiver burden and improve the Quality of Life (QoL) of informal caregivers, the various settings in which informal care is delivered must be evaluated.
Aiming to understand the needs of informal caregivers and the protective factors against caregiver burden in active retirement communities, data from the USF Health and The Villages study, conducted from October 2011 and March 2013, were analyzed. Data from twenty-nine focus groups (N=144) was used to explore the challenges faced by seniors in a caregiver role and the availability of resources that decrease caregiver burden. The primary focus was informal care and the challenges associated with the caregiver role; findings revealed a great need for caregiver relief and limited information on existing resources is available to informal caregivers. Consistent with existing literature on caregiver burden, having no personal time, financial burden, physical demands, and poor health were commonly identified as the biggest caregiving challenges. However, findings strongly suggest that the unique structure of The Villages community encourages high social support that may be the strongest protective factor against caregiver burden in the community.
44
Lawrence, Andrea Nicole. "Sustainability Education as a Framework for Enhancing Environmental Stewardship in Young Leaders: An Intervention at Tryon Creek Nature Day Camp." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/555.
Анотація:
UNESCO established Sustainability Education as a top priority when it declared 2005 - 2014 to be the global decade for sustainability. Sustainability education can be implemented in outdoor programs such as nature summer camps in order to build environmental stewardship and ecological literacy in counselors and campers. This study sought to determine the extent to which an ecology and leadership training given to assistant counselors at Tryon Creek State Natural Area day camp achieved the goals of sustainability education--for the assistant counselors to learn about ecology, develop stewardship attitudes and behaviors toward the environment, and become positive role models for the campers in their care. Knowledge and environmental stewardship attitudes and behaviors of the counselors were assessed using surveys, interviews, and training journals. A statistically significant difference was found between pre and posttest scores on a survey measuring knowledge of Pacific Northwest ecology, but no significant difference was found between the pre and posttest scores on an environmental attitudes survey, possibly due to a ceiling effect. Interviews revealed that participants learned about invasive species, Oregon flora and fauna, and stream ecology over the summer. Despite the results on the attitudes survey, interviewees reported greater environmental awareness at the end of the summer as well as a greater sense of place in nature and a desire to continue working with children in an outdoor setting.
45
Muller, Jasmin. "Psychological and physiological effects on Swedish worker’s health when using a health promotion intervention including mechanical massage and mental training - a pilot study." Licentiate thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. ADULT, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39102.
Анотація:
Introduction: Work-related stress is one of the most challenging issues on workplaces. Reduced ability to relax and recover has been proposed as a key factor behind the increase of stress-related illness among workers. Massage and mental training are two commonly used techniques which may have positive effects on the ability to recover. One technique to help workers recover is a “recovery chair” which include both mechanical massage and mental training programs. However, it has not been scientifically evaluated yet whether using the techniques included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the psychological and physiological effects of the mechanical massage and mental training programs included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool for Swedish workers. Methods: In this study workers were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: i) Mechanical massage combined with mental training (n=19), ii) Mechanical massage (n=19), iii) Mental training (n=19), iv), Pause (15 min break in the armchair, n=19), v) and a Control group (n=17). Psychological effects were measured by the ”Swedish Scale of Personality” (SSP) and physiological effects were measured by heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature, immediately before the randomization, after four weeks and after eight weeks (end-of-study). Results: Psychological effects: The results showed that receiving mechanical massage was associated with a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants in the mental training group showed a tendency to decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants who received both mechanical massage and mental training showed a significant decrease in “Stress Susceptibility” between four and eight weeks. The results also showed a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety” and a significant increase in “Detachment” for the paus group. Physiological effects: As compared to pre-intervention assessments, participants in the massage group condition showed significantly reductions in their resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in their fingertip temperature directly after the intervention (post-intervention). The mechanical massage and mental training group showed a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure during the last four weeks of the study. The participants in the mental training group showed a significant decrease in their heart rate, when compared the start of the study to week four. The pause group tended to have lower systolic blood pressure at post-intervention assessment when compared to the pre-intervention assessment. The participants in the control group showed significantly decrease in heart rate and their systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The workers’ who used the “recovery chair” with mechanical massage or mental training programs, either separately or in combination, for eight weeks during working hours reported a positive impact on their levels of anxiety and stress sensitivity. The results also showed positive effects on the workers' blood pressure, pulse and fingertip temperature. The effect was particularly strong for workers' who received only mechanical massage. This indicate that stress management interventions as work place health promotion activities clearly have a potential to provide significant benefit for health and wellbeing for workers.
46
Huyon, Martine. "Quelle gestion des ressources humaines dans l'innovation ouverte ? : analyse issue d’une recherche-intervention sur les projets collaboratifs innovants menés dans les pôles de compétitivité." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2112.
Анотація:
Depuis une dizaine d’années, le modèle de l’innovation ouverte théorisé par Henry W. Chesbrough se diffuse dans les sphères universitaires, praticiennes et politiques. Défini au début des années 2000, ce modèle décrit l’innovation comme le fruit de pratiques d’ouverture des frontières des firmes pour capter des ressources externes afin d’accélérer l’innovation interne d’une part (innovation entrante), et laisser des connaissances internes trouver un usage d’innovation externe d’autre part (innovation sortante). En France, les pouvoirs publics se sont saisis progressivement de ce modèle en promouvant des dispositifs de « clustering » à l’instar de la politique des pôles de compétitivité. Plus récemment, des nouveaux acteurs et des nouveaux espaces dédiés à l’innovation ouverte se développent comme les tiers-lieux (les espaces de « coworking », les « livinglabs », « Fablabs », les incubateurs, les accélérateurs). Le modèle de l’open innovation se diffuse et chaque acteur, du particulier au grand groupe, en passant par les laboratoires de recherche et les universités, est convié à entrer dans ces nouveaux cadres de coopération pour l’innovation.Si le modèle améliore la compréhension de la complexité du modèle de l’innovation en traduisant son caractère collectif et itératif, il est plus difficile d’en apprécier les incidences sur l’organisation interne de l’entreprise et notamment sur ses ressources humaines. Or, celles-ci sont au cœur du processus d’innovation ouverte, elles en sont même le premier levier. L’innovation ouverte est le fruit de communautés de travailleurs qui se constituent et agissent hors du cadre strict de l’entreprise.Notre thèse contribue à compléter le modèle de l’innovation ouverte en s’intéressant à ses impacts sur la gestion des ressources humaines. L’innovation ouverte confronte la gestion des ressources humaines des entreprises à un paradoxe : comment gérer des ressources humaines qui dépassent les frontières de la firme ? Grâce à une recherche-intervention menée dans le cadre d’une thèse en convention CIFRE, nous étudions les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines mises en œuvre dans le contexte de projets innovants collaboratifs menés dans des pôles de compétitivité. Nos analyses permettent d’identifier les impacts de l’innovation ouverte sur l’organisation du travail, le management, la gestion des emplois et des compétences. Nos travaux montrent que si les impacts de l’innovation ouverte sur ces champs sont réels, les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines des firmes peinent à s’adapter à ce nouveau contexte. Notre thèse analyse des dispositifs pouvant apporter des solutions aux situations de travail nouvelles créées par l’open innovationDuring the last decade, the open innovation model from Henry W. Chesbrough spread within academic, managerial and political spheres. Defined in the early 2000s, this model describes innovation as the result of the opening of firm’s boundaries to capture external resources and accelerate internal innovation (outside-in) on the one hand, and allow internal knowledge find an external use (inside-out) on the other hand.In France, public authorities progressively seized the « open innovation » model through « clustering » policies, like competitiveness clusters. More recently new actors and new spaces dedicated to open innovation are promoting themselves as third-places (coworking spaces, Livinglabs, Fablabs, business incubators, accelerators). Open innovation is spreading and each actor, from private individual to the largest companies, including research labs and universities, is invited to participate in these new innovation and cooperation frames. Even though the model displays a good understanding of the innovation model complexity, with its collective and iterative nature, it is hard to apprehend its impact on the firm’s internal organization, especially from a human resource perspective. Yet these impacts are at the core of the open innovation process, and even its first lever. Open innovation is the result of communities of workers who form and act out of the strict company frame.This thesis is contributing to the fulfillment of the open innovation model through a focus on its impact on the human resource management. Open innovation confronts human resource management of companies to a paradox: how to manage human resources beyond the boundaries of the firm? Thanks to intervention-research carried out within the frame of a CIFRE industrial research agreement, we study human resource management practices, implemented in the context of collaborative innovative projects in competitiveness clusters. Our analyses identify the impacts of open innovation on work organizations, people, skills and staff management. Our work shows the real impact of open innovation on these fields and also proves that firms labor to adapt those human resource management practices in this new context. Our thesis analyses possible arrangements which brings solutions to the new work situations resulting from open innovation
47
Nobile, Didier. "Application du concept d’orientation entrepreneuriale au champ des collectivités territoriales : Mise en place d’un dispositif d’accompagnement de l’élu entrepreneur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0342/document.
Анотація:
L’orientation entrepreneuriale constitue un concept éprouvé en sciences de gestion. Si les travaux qui lui sont consacrés concernent très majoritairement les entreprises privées et retiennent une approche quantitative, on assiste à présent à une aspiration au renouvellement de la recherche autour du concept (méthodologie, champ d’application...). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce courant en abordant l’orientation entrepreneuriale des élus locaux par le biais d’une démarche d’accompagnement par la prospective. Pour ce faire nous émettons deux propositions de recherche : la première repose sur le bien fondé de l’utilisation de ce concept chez les élus des collectivités territoriales et la seconde sur l’efficacité des démarches d’accompagnement fondées sur la prospective pour ces élus. Après une revue de littérature consacrée à la dimension entrepreneuriale des élus et une première approche du concept dans les collectivités territoriales au travers de trois minis cas, nous déployons une démarche qualitative de recherche intervention de type ingénierique. Cette dernière a pour objet d’accompagner la structuration de la filière Santé-Biotechnologies en Lorraine. A l’issue de cette thèse nous concluons à la validité des propositions émises. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence les apports conceptuels et managériaux et nous envisageons les perspectives de recherche qu’elle génèreEntrepreneurial orientation is now a highly-proven concept in management sciences. While the work devoted to the subject mostly relates to private enterprises and adopts a quantitative approach, a fresh current has now undertaken to revisit research in this field (methodology, scope…). This doctor’s thesis is in line with the new trend and shows elected local officials’ entrepreneurial orientation through a prospective accompaniment approach. To do this, I have come up with two research proposals. The first is based on stressing the relevance of resorting to the concept in a political environment, and the second rests on the efficiency of the prospective guiding steps destined for elected officials. The review of literature devoted to the entrepreneurial dimension of elected politicians followed by a preliminary approach of the concept through three case studies pave the way for an engineering qualitative approach of action research. It is meant to provide guidance for the structuring of the Health and Biotechnology sector in the Lorraine region. The conclusion of the thesis shows the relevance of the submissions and highlights the conceptual and managerial contributions before it opens up on some forms of potential ensuing research
48
Solhäll, Eva. "Platsens betydelse för praktisk klokhet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39019.
Анотація:
Through my own professional experience, the essay explores how place may have significance for exercising practical knowledge. It also sheds light on the conditions and qualities surrounding my, as therapist, presence in interpersonal meetings, as well as perspectives in relation to meetings around life issues. Of special notice is place as nature and garden. With support in stories as representations and in dialogue with philosophers, several different perspectives and analyses are shown about the place's importance for the pursuit of practical knowledge. The drive of the research is supported by three themes, place, body, meeting. They lead the survey forward in dialogue with Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Buber preferably together with geography professor, Edward Relph and researchers and writers within the fields of practical knowledge and naturebased interventions. The essay uncovers a complex area of understanding. It puts emphasis on the relationship between us as humans and our environment. In this relationship, place is of importance to practical knowledge. Interplay and movement between different approaches emerges as a common denominator.
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Sandkvist, Elin. "The occurrence of diffusion of benefits. A systematic review of the circumstances behind a hot spot policing effect." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26052.
Анотація:
Genom åren har det konstaterats att brott inte sprider sig jämnt över ett lanskap. Istället har det visat sig att vissa platser är mer brottsattraktiva än andra. Dessa platser kallas ofta för hot spots och kunskapen om dessa har bidragit till framväxten av platsbaserad och platsspecifika brottsförebyggande insatser. I samband med dessa insatser diskuteras ofta effekter såsom omfördelning och positiva spridningseffekter. Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka omständigheterna bakom framförallt positiva spridningseffetker. Omständigheterna bakom positiva spridningseffekter har undersökts genom en systematisk översikt av studier som rapporterat om eller utvärderat en platsbaserad intervention eller experiment. Inga uppenbara gemensamma faktorer eller samband kunde urskiljas mellan de olika studierna gällande när positiva spridningeffekter sker och det kan konstateras att fenomenet är mycket komplext. Resultaten analyseras och förstås med hjälp av rutinaktivtetsteorin samt genom teorin om rationella val. Uppsatsen bygger på bevisen om att fler studier med positiva spridningseffkter i fokus bör genomföras. Genom att förstå när, var och varför spridningseffekter sker ökar också kunskapen om de preventiva insatserna och hur de kan designas för att nå bästa möjliga resultat.Throughout the years it has been suggested that some places attract crime more than others. Those places are called hot spots of crime and the knowledge of them have contributed to the emergence of hot spot and targeted policing interventions. Hot spot policing is often discussed together with effects such as displacement of crime and diffusion of benefits. Through a systematic review of earlier studies that report or examine a hot spot policing effort or experiment this thesis aims to investigate the circumstances behind diffusion of benefits. No apparent commonalties or correlations are found between the different types of interventions regarding when diffusion of benefits occur. It can be concluded that the phenomenon is very complex. The results are analyzed and understood with the help of routine activity theory and rational choice theory. This thesis adds to the body of evidence that more studies with diffusion of benefits in focus need to be conducted. By understanding when, where and why diffusion of benefits occur the knowledge of crime prevention increases and also increases the knowledge of how to design the interventions to reach the best preventive gains.
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Maurice, Norbert. "Les laryngectomies sub-totales reconstructives, leur place dans le traitement du cancer du larynx (intervention de Labayle, Majer-Piquet, Majer-Piquet modifiée par B. Guerrier) : étude rétrospective de 181 cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11191.