Дисертації з теми "Placement constructif"
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1
Song, Xiaoxiao. "Layout optimization based on multi-objective interactive approach." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0051.
Анотація:
Dans tous les problèmes d’agencement, les contraintes de non-chevauchement entre composants et les contraintes d’appartenanceau conteneur sont présentes. Un modèle d’agencement multiobjectif avec contraintes fonctionnelles est développé. Intégrer l’accessibilité des composants comme contraintes fonctionnelles assure la maintenance ou le fonctionnement des composants. Cependant, les contraintes fonctionnelles augmentent la complexité d’optimisation d’agencement, notée indice de capacité. Par conséquent, un nouvel algorithme d’optimisation multiobjectif est proposé en utilisant le placement constructif et le recuit simulé pour rechercher des solutions de compromis entre les objectifs multiples. Ensuite, un indicateur de similarité est défini pour évaluer les similaires entre les solutions proposées par l’algorithme. Les expériences indiquent que l’approche d’optimistion proposée fonctionne bien pour garantir l’accessibilité et trouver efficacement des solutions optimales dans les problèmes industriels d’agencement d’espace à un ou plusieurs conteneurs, où l’analyse de similarité démontre une bonne diversité solutions proposées par l’algorithme, qui peut être appliqué en tant qu’outil interactif outil pour leconcepteurThe conventional layout problem is concerned with finding the arrangements of components inside the container to optimize objectives under geometrical constraints, i.e., no component overlap and no container protrusion. A multi-objective layout model with functional constraints is developed. Integrating the accessibility of components as functional constraints ensures components maintenance or proper operation. However, thefunctional constraints increase the layout optimization complexity, denoted as capacity index. Therefore, a novel multi-objective optimizationalgorithm is proposed using the constructive placement and the simulated annealing to search for compromised solutions between the multiple objectives. Thereafter, a similarity indicator is defined to evaluate how similar optimized layout designs are. The experiments indicate that the proposed optimization approach performs well in ensuring accessibility and efficiently finding high-qualified solutions in single- and multi- container layoutapplications, where the similarity analysis demonstrates good diversity of the obtained layout set, which can be applied as an interactive tool
2
Kennings, Andrew A. "Cell placement using constructive and iterative improvement methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21359.pdf.
3
Carlsson, Oliver, and Marcus Nilsson. "Material placement at Nyköping travel centre construction site." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177541.
4
高雲龍 and Wan-lung Ko. "A new optimization model for VLSI placement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29812938.
5
Abels-Eber, Christine. "Histoire de vie d'enfants placés et construction d'historicité." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2026.
Анотація:
Cette recherche questionne le rapport que l'enfant placé entretient avec l'événement- séparation qui est à l’ origine de son placement et qu'il vit comme une sanction dont il est le seul responsable. Les enfants placés, qui sont dé-placés pour être replacés, le plus souvent, ne comprennent rien au déroulement de leur vie ; ils sont en perte de repères affectifs et temporels, et n'expriment pas une demande de soin (thérapeutique) mais une demande de compréhension (dans le sens socratique de prendre soin de soi) de leurs préoccupations existentielles. L’histoire de vie étant une recherche et une construction de sens à partir de faits et d'événements temporels personnels et familiaux, mais peu utilisée avec des enfants, nous l'avons tentée avec des enfants placés. Cette démarche a favorisé le mouvement de reconstruction et de travail sur ce que leur contexte de vie a fait d'eux, par le processus de construction-déconstruction-reconstruction, et la situation de co-investissement qui permet de relier le locuteur et l'interlocuteur. Nous avons procédé à une étude compréhensive à partir de trois récits d'enfants placés, de la structure des récits et de l'évolution de ces enfants tout au long de leur récit et de leur travail sur l'énoncé. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le champ de l'histoire de vie et dans le champ de la sociologie clinique qui renvoie à l'articulation du social et du psychique. L’histoire de vie est interprétée comme outil d'historicité, de travail sur son histoire pour en construire le sens et le cours. Ces trois enfants, par le récit qu'ils ont produit, ont pu affronter les contradictions qui ont traversé leur vie, et tenter de leur donner du sens par les articulations qu'ils sont arrivés à faire entre les évènements et les personnes qui faisaient partie de leur vie ; ils ont pu "réaliser" qu'ils ne sont pas responsables de la séparation qui fut déterminée par les difficultés personnelles, familiales ou sociales de leurs parents. Nous avons considéré la pratique du récit de vie comme l'axe central de la construction identitaire ; l'identité se construit par le rapport que les enfants entretiennent avec la dimension psychique et la dimension sociale de leur vie ; par le récit de leur vie et le questionnement de cette vie, les trois enfants sont parvenus à "sortir d'eux-mêmes" pour interroger leur environnement familial et social…The subject of this research is the relation of the placed-child to the separating-event which is the reason why he has been placed and is considered for the child as a sanction for which he has be blamed. Children who have been placed, who are out-placed to be placed again do not most of the time understand nothing to the way their existence is evolving; they have been losing their affective and temporal marks, and do not ask for (therapeutic) care but for understand (in the socratic meaning: take care of oneself) of their worries related to the fact they exist. The life story is a search and a building up of meaning which is possible thanks to the analysis of facts and personal as well as family temporal events, but so far this has been seldom used with children; we have tried implement this method with placed children. This method has enhanced the process of re-building and has encouraged them to start working on the consequences on themselves of what they have been undergoing in their lives. This throught a building-break- rebuilding process and the situation of co-investment which creates a link between the speaker and the interlocutor. We have carried out a comprehensive survey based on three stories of placed children, on the stories’ structure and on these children's evolution all along their relating their stories and their analysing their statements. This survey fits in with the life history and the clinic sociology field which refers to the linking of the social and the psychic. This history of life is interpreted as a tool of historicity, of work on one's history, to build up its meaning and direction. Through the relating of their story these three children have been able to cope with the contradictions they have been faced with in their lives. They have intended to give a meaning to these contradictions thanks to the linking they have been able to make between the events and the people in their lives. They have become aware that they were not responsible for the separation which was due to their parent's personal, family or social difficulties. We have been considering the experience of the story telling as the main line in the building of identity; the building of identity is possible thanks to the link the child sets up between the psychic and the social dimensions of his life. Thanks to having related their lifes and having been wondering
6
Cooper, Emily. "Exploring the personal constructs of looked after children and their foster carers : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8734.
Анотація:
Previous research has indicated the unique contribution that the interaction between looked after children and their foster carers might have on young people’s behaviour, emotional well-being and subsequent placement stability. Furthermore, there may be differences in the way in which young people and their foster carers view a typical family. Despite this, there is a noticeable absence of studies which have specifically explored the foster carer-child relationship, particularly in terms of how their individual perspectives might be negotiated within their interpersonal relationship. The current study therefore aimed to address this gap. Three foster carer-child dyads were recruited from a local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, with young people aged between 8 and 16 years. A Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) approach was adopted. Participants each completed an individual interview, facilitated by Perceiver Element Grids (PEGs; Procter, 2002) in which interpersonal construing was explored. Looked after children and their foster carers were then interviewed together to share and discuss their completed PEGs. Interview transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis and PCP concepts were used to analyse the interactional processes between young people and their carers. The study highlighted a shared sense of fragmentation across participants’ accounts, with both looked after children and their carers reporting a sense of inauthenticity in the way they negotiated their interpersonal relationships. Differences in the way in which ‘family’ was perceived was also highlighted, with young people expressing a sense of ambivalence regarding their desire to be integrated into their foster family, whilst also retaining a connection to their birth family. These themes were supported in their interactions and co-constructional processes. The findings are discussed in relation to the relevant literature and clinical implications. Methodological limitations and directions for future research are also presented.
7
Harichandran, Aparna. "Sensor Placement, Operation Identification and Fault Detection for Automated Construction Monitoring." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/87927.
8
Her, Shyang-Kuen. "Improved I/O pad positions assignment algorithm for sea-of-gates placement." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4316.
Анотація:
A new heuristic method to improve the I/O pad assignment for the sea-of-gates placement algorithm "PROUD" is proposed. In PROUD, the preplaced I/O pads are used as the boundary conditions in solving sparse linear equations to obtain the optimal module placement. Due to the total wire length determined by the module positions is the strong function of the preplaced I/O pad positions, the optimization of the I/O pad circular order and their assignment to the physical locations on the chip are attempted in the thesis. The proposed I/O pad assignment program is used as a predecessor of PROUD. The results have revealed excellent improvement.
9
Huang, Xiameng. "Strategic placement of viscous dampers in steel buildings under strong earthquake ground motions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102450/.
Анотація:
Supplemental passive dampers are generally considered as an effective tool to control the seismic response of multi-storey buildings. Since the optimum placement of passive dampers in buildings can potentially improve the structural performance or reduce construction cost, there is an increasing number of researchers engaged to optimize the damper placement in buildings. Given that a large number of studies have been conducted to investigate damper placement methods, a systematic method or a clear conclusion for strategically distributing dampers in buildings is not presented in any building guidelines. The main limitations of current damper placement studies may include the lack of focus on collapse resistance of retrofitted buildings, on beam and column nonlinear behaviors, and the lack of considering the variations of earthquake characteristics and intensity levels. The fundamental damper placement issue can be separated as the distribution of dampers throughout the height of the buildings and the distribution of dampers in different bays in building frames. In this research, both distributions are explored and their effect on the collapse performances of buildings under strong earthquakes is thoroughly studied. The effectiveness of advanced damper placement approaches is evaluated by comparisons with classical damper placement methods. Considering the uncertainty in earthquake ground motion characteristics, multiple ground motions scaled to various intensity levels are involved to evaluate the seismic performance of buildings. Finally, major conclusions towards the philosophy of the strategic damper placement in practical building constructions are presented in terms of the overall structural performance under strong ground motions.
10
Jalkebo, Charlotte. "Placement of Controls in Construction Equipment Using Operators´Sitting Postures : Process and Recommendations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108980.
Анотація:
An ergonomically designed work environment may decrease work related musculoskeletal disorders, lead to less sick leaves and increase production time for operators and companies all around the world. Volvo Construction Equipment wants to deepen the knowledge and investigate more carefully how operators are actually sitting whilst operating the machines, how this affects placement of controls and furthermore optimize controls placements accordingly. The purpose is to enhance their product development process by suggesting guidelines for control placement with improved ergonomics based on operators’ sitting postures. The goal is to deliver a process which identifies and transfers sitting postures to RAMSIS and uses them for control placement recommendations in the cab and operator environments. Delimitations concerns: physical ergonomics, 80% usability of the resulted process on the machine types, and the level of detail for controls and their placements. Research, analysis, interviews, test driving of machines, video recordings of operators and the ergonomic software RAMSIS has served as base for analysis. The analysis led to (i) the conclusion that sitting postures affect optimal ergonomic placement of controls, though not ISO-standards, (ii) the conclusion that RAMSIS heavy truck postures does not seem to correspond to Volvo CE’s operators’ sitting postures and (iii) and to an advanced engineering project process suitable for all machine types and applicable in the product development process. The result can also be used for other machines than construction equipment. The resulted process consists of three independent sub-processes with step by step explanations and recommendations of; (i) what information that needs to be gathered, (ii) how to identify and transfer sitting postures into RAMSIS, (iii) how to use RAMSIS to create e design aid for recommended control placement. The thesis also contains additional enhancements to Volvo CE’s product development process with focus on ergonomics. A conclusion is that the use of motion capture could not be verified to work for Volvo Construction Equipment, though it was verified that if motion capture works, the process works. Another conclusion is that the suggested body landmarks not could be verified that they are all needed for this purpose except for those needed for control placement. Though they are based on previous sitting posture identification in vehicles and only those that also occur in RAMSIS are recommended, and therefore they can be used. This thesis also questions the most important parameters for interior vehicle design (hip- and eye locations) and suggests that shoulder locations are just as important. The thesis concluded five parameters for control categorization, and added seven categories in addition to those mentioned in the ISO-standards. Other contradictions and loopholes in the ISO-standards were identified, highlighted and discussed. Suggestions for improving the ergonomic analyses in RAMSIS can also be found in this report. More future research mentioned is more details on control placement as well as research regarding sitting postures are suggested. If the resulted process is delimited to concern upper body postures, other methods for posture identification may be used.
11
Hand, Erin Marlene Flowers. "Speech Understanding in Noise as a Function of Microphone Placement in Hearing Aids." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5190.
Анотація:
Hearing aid users often complain of poor speech understanding in the presence of background noise. There have been many attempts to overcome this problem by hearing aid manufactures and dispensers. The purpose of the present study was to determine if differences existed between three different styles of hearing aids (i.e. in the ear (ITE), in the canal (ITC), and completely in the canal (CIC)) in the presence of a multi-talker babble. Five sensori-neural hearing impaired subjects were selected from the Portland State University audiology clinic. The subjects were required to listen to a recording of the California Consonant Test (CCT) against a background noise of multi-talker babble. Stimuli were presented through headphones in the sound booth. The stimuli were recorded through three different hearing aids placed on KEMAR's left ear and adjusted to a 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Once the speech samples were recorded and digitized, they were routed through a GSl-16 audiometer to the listener. In order to determine performance differences across the three hearing aid configurations from within a single-subject design, each subject's performance was compared in a pairwise fashion between the hearing aid configurations. An analysis of the data was completed using the Randomization test. Using this statistical model, no significant difference was found between the individual scores. Further research is warranted to determine if a better measure exists that qualitatively defines the effect of microphone placement on speech understanding ability in hearing aid users.
12
Liu, Lu. "Using blocks to construct 3D shapes and create transformation animations." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4869.
Анотація:
The objective of this research is to develop methods by which we can use blocks to
approximate the shapes of 3D objects and to generate shape transformation animations.
Two graphic tools are developed. One assists the animator in constructing 3D shapes
with bricks of different sizes and matching up the different shapes. The other tool helps
the animator generate a transformation animation of those bricks. Using polygon shape
data, these tools can procedurally place the bricks and control their animation. Several
different methods for animation are introduced. Those methods provide different ways to
generate animation paths of the blocks. The no path animation and the straight path
animation are easy for the animator to create and the animation time is easily controlled.
The flocking animation will provide more interesting effect.
13
Khalifeh, Ihssan. "Internship in pavement construction: analyzation of hot bituminous mixtures design, formulation, placement and quality control." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21945.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia CivilEste trabalho prático baseia-se em observações realizadas sobre a execução de pavimentos rodoviários, a realizar por uma das empresas portuguesas especializadas nesta área de construção. O trabalho inclui três fases essenciais da indústria rodoviária, nomeadamente: design e produção de misturas betuminosas a quente, aplicação de misturas (construção de pavimentos) e controlo de qualidade. Cada fase é discutida em detalhe para fornecer o melhor entendimento possível sobre este tópico de acordo com a inspeção do local. Assim, permite dar uma boa compreensão sobre o trabalho, que estuda em detalhes todos os aspectos relacionados com a fabricação de misturas betuminosas a quente, bem como a sua aplicação em pavimentos rodoviários de acordo com uma série de circunstâncias impostas pela situação prática da obra, além de garantia de controle de qualidade.
This practical work is based on observations conducted over the execution of road pavements, to be held by one of the specialized Portuguese companies in this area of construction. The work includes three crucial phases of the road industry, namely: hot bituminous mixtures design and production, mixture application (pavement construction) and quality control. Each phase is discussed in detail to provide the best possible understanding over this topic in accordance with the site inspection.Thus, it aims to provide a good comprehension about the work, which studies in detail every aspect related to the fabrication of hot bituminous mixtures, as well as its application in road pavements according to a number of circumstances imposed by the practical situation of the construction site in addition to quality control assurance.
14
Deen, Archie Kwame. "Geographical knowledge construction and production in advanced placement human geography classrooms : the teachers' and students' perspectives." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020010/.
Анотація:
In the U.S., educators and policy-makers (both federal and state) view the College Board's Advanced Placement (AP) programme as a measure of educational excellence. State and federal subsidies and the use of AP examinations scores as an admissions 'tool' by U.S. universities have aided the programme's growth. However, growing scepticism and questions regarding the 'integrity' of the programme, suggest that much of the 'AP experience' maybe superficial, lacking in depth and scope. In Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG), teaching and learning 'covers' definitions of terms, the vocabulary of the topics and case studies. My research focuses on a portrayal of APHG and in particular attempts to understand the knowledge constructed and produced by the teachers and students. Through this study, teaching and learning in three APHG classrooms are revealed. It sheds light on the experiences of three teachers and their students in their contextual situations. The study addresses the research questions: what and how is knowledge constructed and produced in APHG lessons? The data, obtained using qualitative-interpretive approaches, is based on interviews, lesson observations, video recorded lessons, questionnaire completion and journal entries. The data strongly suggest that a single textbook defines the scope and limits of geographical knowledge transacted for much of the APHG experience. Additionally, the data suggest that the textbook supersedes the experiential knowledge of the students and the impact of the teachers, who also rely heavily on the authorised knowledge of the textbook. My research data, interpreted through the 'lens' of critical pedagogy, re-visits the debate on power and knowledge. My study takes a fresh look at the authentic classroom experience and provides new and deeper understanding of APHG.
15
Athikulwongse, Krit. "Placement for fast and reliable through-silicon-via (TSV) based 3D-IC layouts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45783.
Анотація:
The objective of this research is to explore the feasibility of addressing the major performance and reliability problems or issues, such as wirelength, stress-induced carrier mobility variation, temperature, and quality trade-offs, found in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) that use through-silicon vias (TSVs) at placement stage. Four main works that support this goal are included. In the first work, wirelength of TSV-based 3D ICs is the main focus. In the second work, stress-induced carrier mobility variation in TSV-based 3D ICs is examined. In the third work, temperature inside TSV-based 3D ICs is investigated. In the final work, the quality trade-offs of TSV-based 3D-IC designs are explored.
In the first work, a force-directed, 3D, and gate-level placement algorithm that efficiently handles TSVs is developed. The experiments based on synthesized benchmarks indicate that the developed algorithm helps generate GDSII layouts of 3D-IC designs that are optimized in terms of wirelength. In addition, the impact of TSVs on other physical aspects of 3D-IC designs is also studied by analyzing the GDSII layouts.
In the second work, the model for carrier mobility variation caused by TSV and STI stresses is developed as well as the timing analysis flow considering the stresses. The impact of TSV and STI stresses on carrier mobility variation and performance of 3D ICs is studied. Furthermore, a TSV-stress-driven, force-directed, and 3D placement algorithm is developed. It exploits carrier mobility variation, caused by stress around TSVs after fabrication, to improve the timing and area objectives during placement. In addition, the impact of keep-out zone (KOZ) around TSVs on stress, carrier mobility variation, area, wirelength, and performance of 3D ICs is studied.
In the third work, two temperature-aware global placement algorithms are developed. They exploit die-to-die thermal coupling in 3D ICs to improve temperature during placement. In addition, a framework used to evaluate the results from temperature-aware global placements is developed. The main component of the framework is a GDSII-level thermal analysis that considers all structures inside a TSV-based 3D IC while computing temperature. The developed placers are compared with several state-of-the-art placers published in recent literature. The experimental results indicate that the developed algorithms help improve the temperature of 3D ICs effectively.
In the final work, three block-level design styles for TSV-based die-to-wafer bonded 3D ICs are discussed. Several 3D-IC layouts in the three styles are manually designed. The main difference among these layouts is the position of TSVs. Finally, the area, wirelength, timing, power, temperature, and mechanical stress of all layouts are compared to explore the trade-offs of layout quality.
16
Williams, Courtney D. "Green Jobs Training and Placement: A Case Study of the Oakland, California, Green Jobs Corps." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299617808.
17
Antonsson, Tess, and Sofia Jönsson. "Pac-King : Placement of IR Sensors on Line Following Robot and Construction of a Gripper and Lift." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264510.
Анотація:
Line following robots are a practical mechatronics solution in a world that is becoming more and more automated. With added gripping and lifting abilities, a very versatile robot can be created. The goal of this thesis was to create a prototype that could navigate a black line using infrared sensors whilst gripping and lifting a package. A working prototype was built and five different sensor placements were evaluated to assess which was optimal for linefollowing. The results showed that too close placement of the sensors led to a less stable system while more distance between the sensors made a faster and more accurate system.Linjeföljarrobotar är en praktisk mekatroniklösning i en värld som blir allt mer automatiserad. Med grepp- och lyftförmågor kan en väldigt anpassningsbar robot skapas. Målet med detta arbete var att skapa en prototyp som kunde navigera en svart linje med hjälp av infraröda sensorer medan den greppade och lyfte ett paket. En fungerande prototyp byggdes och fem olika sensorplaceringar utvärderades för att bedöma vilken som var optimal för att följa en linje. Resultatet visade att för nära placering av sensorerna skapade instabilitet. Ett större avstånd mellan sensorerna var att föredra då detta gav ett snabbare och stabilare system.
18
Dahan, Hassan. "The construction and validation of an Arabic placement test for first year students at the University of Malaya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30151.
Анотація:
The issue which has always been discussed by scholars in the area of language teaching and testing is whether the test is valid i.e. whether it tests what it is supposed to test and whether the test is reliable i.e. consistent in assessing the candidates. This research attempts to construct and to validate a placement test for new students at the Academy of Islamic Studies at the University of Malaya in Malaysia. The design of the text based on the syllabus at the Academy as well as the test specification, prepared during this research. Four sub-tests are constructed: Reading, Grammar, Writing and Dictation. To ensure the validity of the test, two analyses, internal and external, are conducted. The internal validity analysis is concerned with face and content validity. Three group of students from different levels of academic background and countries participated in the pilot study for the purpose of internal validity analysis. Modifications are made to some items of the sub-tests at the end of the pilot study. The external validity analysis is concerned with concurrent and predictive validity. The correlation coefficients (r) between the total mark of the sub-tests and one of the two measures for concurrent validity indicate that the relationships are moderate: between .40 and .60. As for predictive validity, the r between the sub-tests and the total mark of the final examination are between .60 and .64: a moderate relationship too. Another aspect of validity, construct validity analysis, is the topic of concern for this study too. The construct validity analysis, using Factor analysis method, groups the total score of the sub-tests into three factors namely Reading, Grammar, and Writing. The Dictation test is loaded in the Writing test. In the analysis of the reliability of the tests using the internal consistency method, the reliability coefficients (rxx ) for the sub-tests are very high: ranging between .87 and .90. The correlation analysis between the total score of the sub-tests also indicates a very high relationship: five correlation coefficients (r) are between .70 and .75 and only one correlation has the r of .69.
19
Giroux, Alain G. "A New Device for Stereotactic ct-Guided Biopsy of the Canine Brain: Design, Construction, and Needle Placement Accuracy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33546.
Анотація:
Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses x-ray and computers to create cross-sectional images of structures. Stereotactic CT-guided biopsy is defined as the use of a stable apparatus to direct and perform tissue biopsies under CT guidance. For the brain, the principal advantage of stereotactic CT guidance over other biopsy techniques is its high accuracy in getting a sample from deep-seated lesions. The objectives of this study were to create an inexpensive CT-guided stereotactic device adaptable to different canine head sizes and to test the accuracy of the device for needle placement in deep-seated brain targets. A biopsy device was created that consists of four main components: a CT table fixation device, a head fixture, a needle fixture , and motion control system. Accuracy was tested using 16 head and neck specimens obtained from dogs euthanitized for reasons unrelated to the brain. Deep-seated (caudate nucleus and pituitary gland) targets were identified on CT. After a 5 mm craniotomy, the biopsy needle, with CT monitoring, was progressively introduced into the target. The final needle track distance was measured on CT. The brain was removed and sliced to verify placement of the needle tip within the target and to measure the actual needle track distance. The total cost of materials and construction for the stereotactic CT-guided biopsy device was $785.00. No difference in needle placement accuracy was identified for caudate and pituitary targets. Based on assessments by 2 independent observers, the caudate target was successfully hit 75% of the time. Pituitary targets were successfully hit 96.8 % of the time. Actual needle track lengths were an average of 3.2 mm less that the track length measured on CT. This difference was most likely due to incomplete staining of the bevel part of the needle track on gross specimens.Master of Science
20
Mo, Yi Yi. "Measuring and enhancing the emotional intelligence of built environment students." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5868.
Анотація:
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been viewed as a critical factor influencing students' academic achievement, ability to work, and potential to succeed. Previous research has shown that students with high EI perform better academically than those with low EI, as well as being better equipped for their professional careers. However, despite the acknowledged importance of EI, little work has explored the construct within the context of built environment education and relatively little is known about how built environment curricula should be designed to enhance EI. This research explores the EI levels of built environment undergraduates and its relationship to their specific programmes, and investigates the types of pedagogic interventions which appear to influence EI in a positive way. This research adopts a multimethodological research design and a mixed methods approach, involving a combination of both quantitative and qualitative datasets to explore students' experiences and learning enhancements. These include a questionnaire survey of 420 respondents, a secondary examination of built environment programmes, interviews with construction professionals and 45 in-depth interviews with placement students and other undergraduates. The results reveal that the existing built environment education inhibits students' EI development, but that EI is shown to increase during industrial placements. The results also reveal that EI development differs by the types of programme taken, with students studying on Civil Engineering and Architectural Engineering & Design Management programmes showing a propensity for higher EI scores in comparison with those studying on a Commercial Management & Quantity Surveying programme. An analysis of the modular content of programmes, together with the mode of teaching, learning and assessment used, reveals the types of pedagogic intervention which can enhance EI development. Group work and student-centred learning in particular were found to have a positive effect on EI development. These findings form the basis of recommendations for how current built environment education can be enhanced in a way to develop students' EI. It is suggested that a better understanding of students' EI levels and the ability of such programmes to influence students' EI may help to produce graduates better able to meet the future requirements of the construction industry.
21
Briki, Aroua. "Une nouvelle approche de placement de données en mémoire : application à la conception d'architectures d'entrelaceurs parallèles." Lorient, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931009.
22
Hugot-Piron, Nathalie. "L'invention des « cadres de plus de 45 ans » : approche socio-historique d'une construction sociale (1920-1974)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0012.
Анотація:
L'expression actuelle des « cadres de plus de 45 ans » n'est pas une simple formule commode pour désigner un phénomène conjoncturel. Au contraire, elle constitue un objet sociologique extrêmement complexe, l'épiphénomène d'une longue mobilisation syndicale dont les origines remontent au XIXe siècle quand les premières formes de solidarité corporative sont apparues sous les traits des « camarades âgés ». Cette production langagière s'est organisée au cours de plusieurs cycles discursifs évolutifs « camarades âgés » / « ingénieurs âgés » / cadres âgés») qui ont eu pour visée de protéger les membres du groupe au cours de leur carrière. Mais aujourd'hui l'histoire de ce passé n'est plus très apparente ; elle s'est peu à peu effacée et ne se manifeste plus guère qu'à travers l'émotion contenue dans la formule contemporaine. Tel est l'enjeu de cette thèse socio-historique que de faire resurgir le passé d'un groupe professionnel à travers sa mémoire collective pour mieux en comprendre son présentThe current expression of "frames over 45 years" is not just a convenient formula to describe a cyclical phenomenon. Instead, it is an extremely complex sociological object, the epiphenomenon of a long union mobilization whose origins date back to the nineteenth century when the first forms of corporate solidarity emerged in the guise of "old comrades". This language production was organized in several evolutionary cycles discursive ("old comrades" / "senior engineers" / older managers ") that had the aim of protecting members of the group during their careers. But today the story of the past is very apparent, and it gradually cleared and no longer manifests itself not only through the emotion contained in the contemporary form. This is the issue of socio-historical thesis that make the past come back to a professional group through its collective memory to better understand its present
23
Chaïeb, Sarra. "A l'épreuve du placement : renégociations identitaires de personnes issues de familles immigrées ayant été accueillies en protection de l'enfance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG026.
Анотація:
Cette thèse s’intéresse aux expériences biographiques de personnes anciennement placées au prisme des questions migratoire et religieuse. Elle cherche à comprendre la manière dont se sont construits les processus d’identification de descendants d’immigrés placés dans leur enfance dans deux associations de protection de l’enfance historiquement imprégnées par le religieux : la première par le judaïsme (l’œuvre de Secours aux Enfants), la seconde par le catholicisme (les Apprentis d’Auteuil). Les analyses ont été menées à partir d’une approche qualitative fondée sur le recueil des récits de vie des personnes et les entretiens réalisés avec des professionnels de ces deux associations. Il ressort de ce travail que les individus s’identifient tantôt au lieu de placement, tantôt à leur famille, tantôt réinventent de manière originale des auto-identifications. Les liens familiaux peuvent devenir des liens distants alors que les liens tissés au quotidien peuvent prendre la forme de liens d’affection devenant supports d’identification. La religion a été une catégorie d’analyse féconde pour comprendre ces processusThis thesis focuses on the biographical experiences of individuals previously placed through both migration and religious questions. It aims at an understanding on how identification processes of descendants of immigrants placed during their childhood were built. This research was conducted in two child welfare associations historically marked by the religious: the first one by judaism (l’œuvre de Secours aux Enfants), the second one by catholicism (les Apprentis d’Auteuil). Data were analysed through a qualitative approach based on a collection of life stories and interviews with professionals of both associations. From the analyses, it stands out that individuals identify themselves sometimes with the placement, sometimes with their family, and sometimes reinvent themselves in an original way of self-identification. Family bonds can become distant bonds whereas bonds established on a daily basis can take shape as affection bonds becoming then supports of identification. The religious category was a relevant one to understand these processes
24
Noel, Laurent. "Emergence, construction et dynamique du marché de l'art : le cas du marché du mobilier Art Déco." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131003.
Анотація:
L’art est un bien complexe dont les différentes dimensions de la qualité sont difficiles à appréhender. Son marché est une construction sociale. Il est segmenté, en général, par écoles artistiques. Pour permettre son fonctionnement, ses acteurs visent à réduire les incertitudes. Les collections, privées et publiques, exercent une forte influence sur les prix, voire sur l’offre d’une école artistique, par la raréfaction des œuvres. Le marché étudié, celui du mobilier Art Déco de 1959 à 2004, et la méthodologie utilisée, l’étude économétrique de la formation des prix, permettent la mise à l’épreuve empirique des problématiques et des évolutions du marché. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de montrer l’étroitesse des relations entre les différents acteurs du marché, en particulier entre les maisons de ventes et les galeries, et d’identifier des facteurs explicatifs des prix. D’autre part, il est démontré qu’un marché de l’art s’implante là où sa régulation est la plus efficace et sécurisante pour les acheteurs. Le marché international du mobilier Art Déco est ainsi dominé par Paris. Les outils de la régulation sont moins les prix, signaux ambigus, que les quantités et la qualité des biens offerts. Ce marché spécifique subit l’influence de la conjoncture économique et financière, mais les œuvres de qualité haute y sont peu sensibles. Enfin, le marché du mobilier Art Déco offre un rendement comparable à ceux des placements financiers, bien que plus risqué, mais l’impossibilité de prendre en compte les coûts de transactions et les bénéfices psychologiques retirés de la propriété des biens artistiques, rend les comparaisons difficilesThe different factors that determine quality in art are difficult to comprehend and make art a complex asset. The art market is a social construction, in general segmented by movements. Participants aim to reduce uncertainty to allow for the functioning of the market. Public and private collections, by the rarefaction of art works, have a strong influence on the price and even the demand for works of a particular movement. The market studied, Art Deco furniture from 1959 to 2004, and the methodology used, the econometric study of the formulation of prices, provide an empirical review of the pertinent issues and the market's evolution. The results demonstrate the closeness of the relationships between the different market participants, in particular between auction houses and galleries, and identify elements that explain prices. The study also shows that the establishment of a market occurs where there is the most efficient regulation, providing the greatest reassurance for buyers. Paris thus dominates the international market in Art Deco furniture. It is the quality and the quantity, rather than the price, an ambiguous indicator, of the works on offer which constitute the regulation. While the market is impacted by the economic and financial climate, exceptional works are relatively unaffected. Finally, while the market in Art Deco furniture offers a return comparable to investment in the financial markets albeit with a greater risk, the impossibility of evaluating transaction costs and the psychological value of owning an asset in the form of an artwork, makes comparisons difficult
25
Jaradat, Ward. "On the construction of decentralised service-oriented orchestration systems." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8036.
Анотація:
Modern science relies on workflow technology to capture, process, and analyse data obtained from scientific instruments. Scientific workflows are precise descriptions of experiments in which multiple computational tasks are coordinated based on the dataflows between them. Orchestrating scientific workflows presents a significant research challenge: they are typically executed in a manner such that all data pass through a centralised computer server known as the engine, which causes unnecessary network traffic that leads to a performance bottleneck. These workflows are commonly composed of services that perform computation over geographically distributed resources, and involve the management of dataflows between them. Centralised orchestration is clearly not a scalable approach for coordinating services dispersed across distant geographical locations. This thesis presents a scalable decentralised service-oriented orchestration system that relies on a high-level data coordination language for the specification and execution of workflows. This system's architecture consists of distributed engines, each of which is responsible for executing part of the overall workflow. It exploits parallelism in the workflow by decomposing it into smaller sub-workflows, and determines the most appropriate engines to execute them using computation placement analysis. This permits the workflow logic to be distributed closer to the services providing the data for execution, which reduces the overall data transfer in the workflow and improves its execution time. This thesis provides an evaluation of the presented system which concludes that decentralised orchestration provides scalability benefits over centralised orchestration, and improves the overall performance of executing a service-oriented workflow.
26
BOUHACEIN, SMAIL. "Realisation d'un onduleur triphase alimentant en courant une machine asynchrone. Indientification de l'ensemble onduleur-moteur. Regulation du courant avec une commande et un filtrage dans l'espace d'etat." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN2012.
Анотація:
L'etude des onduleurs triphases, orientes vers la realisation de moteurs asynchrones a vitesse variable, montre en particulier que les pointes de courant doivent etre limitees par la mise en serie d'une resistance avec chaque condensateur de blocage. La machine asynchrone doit fonctionner avec flux statorique et une frequence des courants rotoriques constants. L'ensemble onduleur-machine asynchrone peut etre modelise mathematiquement sous certaines hypotheses, et son comportement est ainsi previsible theoriquement. Une identification pratique de l'ensemble considere peut etre envisagee si la modelisation theorique n'est pas satisfaisante. Le modele retenu permettra la mise en place de differentes techniques de commande: placement de poles, commande optimale avec (ou sans) integrateur, commande optimale avec filtre de kalman
27
Jin, Jacky, and Artur Matskin. "Hållbara ytbeläggningar i parkeringshus : En undersökning av olika beläggningssystem efter 5 till 10 års drift." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255275.
Анотація:
Parkeringsanläggningar utsätts ständigt av belastningar från körande fordon och kloridangrepp under vinterperioden. Påföljden av det blir kostsamma skador på betongkonstruktionen, främst vid uppkomna sprickor. Kloridinträngning medför att armeringsjärnen korroderar och försvagar underliggande betongkonstruktionen. Ersättning av de korroderade armeringsjärnen samt betonglagningar är kostsamt för Stockholm Parkering. Lösningen är att förbehandla den oskyddade betongen och applicera en ytbeläggning ovanför. De vanligaste som finns i Sverige är cementbaserade, bitumenbaserade och härdplastbaserade ytbeläggningar. Det finns inga direktiv för val när det gäller ytbeläggningar. Eftersom alla ytbeläggningar har olika egenskaper är det för- och nackdelar som beställaren ska värdera beroende på parkeringshusets förutsättningar som utformningen, trafikbelastningen och om det är grundplattan eller mellanbjälklaget som ytbeläggningen appliceras på. Förutom materialet är utförandet också viktigt. En väl utförd förbehandling av betongunderlaget och noggrann utläggning av ytbeläggningen minskar risken för uppkomst av skador i framtiden och därmed reparationskostnaderna. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka olika ytbeläggningar som har varit i drift 5 till 10 år för att sedan identifiera och kartlägga skador som har uppkommit på dem. I denna rapport har fem parkeringsanläggningar valts ut som fallstudier för att undersöka de vanligaste ytbeläggningarna som används idag i Stockholm Parkerings parkeringsanläggningar. Utifrån litteraturstudier, intervjuer med olika parter i respektive projekt, observationer som utfördes under studiebesöken och jämförelse mellan fallstudier dras slutsatser för att hitta den hållbaraste ytbeläggningen. Slutligen skapas en lathund för att förenkla valet av ytbeläggningar för parkeringsanläggningar med olika förutsättningar.Parking facilities are constantly exposed to traffic loads from driving vehicles and chloride attacks during the winter period. The consequence of this is costly damage to the concrete structure, especially in the event of cracks. Chloride penetration causes the reinforcement bars to corrode and weaken the underlying concrete structure. Replacement of the corroded reinforcement bars and concrete repairs are costly for Stockholm Parking. The solution is to pretreat the unprotected concrete and apply a coating above it. The most common coatings found in Sweden are cement-based, bitumen-based and thermoset-based coatings. There is no clear choice when it comes to coatings since they all have different properties. The advantages and disadvantages of different coatings that the customer must value depend on such conditions of the parking garage as the shaping, the traffic load and whether it is the base plate or the intermediate floor. Besides the material, the execution is also important. A well done pretreatment of the concrete substrate and meticulous laying of the coating reduces the possibility of the occurrence of damage in the future and thereby the repair costs. The purpose of the thesis project was investigation of various coatings systems that have been in operation for 5 to 10 years and identification and mapping damages that occur to them. In this report, five parking facilities have been selected as case studies to investigate the most common coatings used today in Stockholm Parkering parking facilities. Based on literature studies, interviews with various parties in each project, observations made on study visits and comparison between case studies conclusions were drawn about the most sustainable surface coating systems. Finally, a guidance is created to simplify the choice of coating systems for parking facilities with different conditions.
28
Luong, David, and Ibrahim Salloum. "Investigation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of low-voltage (<60V) DC electric motors in construction machinery application." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162160.
Анотація:
The brushed DC motor is a source of electromagnetic emission that may cause interference. The main issues with brushed DC motor are arcing, which occurs between the brushes and commutator, and inrush current. It is possible to decrease the electromagnetic emissions by addressing the source (brushed dc motor) and the installation. The source may be addressed by using filters in the form of X2Y-capacitors on the terminals or ferrites on the cables. The installation does not produce any emission, but it is possible to lower its contribution. This is done by altering the installation like changing the placement of cables and provide good coupling. An effective way of decreasing inrush currents is by using negative-thermal-coefficient (NTC) thermistors. Another measure to improve the EMC properties of the brushed DC motor is to design the motor so that it can trap EM emissions. Some of these parameters are motor house material, end-cap material, vent holes or slots on motor housing, placement of power terminals, crimping tabs and motor enclosure.
29
Martins, Teresa Helena Buscato. "Análise e validação de um teste de classificação em inglês: um estudo de caso em cursos superiores em tecnologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-28062013-162731/.
Анотація:
Este trabalho tem por objetivo coletar e analisar evidências relacionadas a um teste de classificação em Inglês, mediado por computador, aplicado em uma Faculdade de Tecnologia Pública que está localizada a 60 km da capital de São Paulo. Os dados obtidos foram coletados nos testes de classificação aplicados a alunos ingressantes dos cursos de Eventos, Logística (manhã e noite) e de Gestão da Tecnologia da Informação, no período compreendido entre o 2º semestre de 2010 ao 2º semestre de 2012. Outros dados complementares foram obtidos em dois questionários de apreciação da prova, um deles respondido por 141 (cento e quarenta e um) ingressantes no 1º semestre de 2012 e o outro por dois professores de inglês da instituição, que serviram de base para o estudo da validação do teste. O propósito da pesquisa foi o de avaliar a pertinência e qualidade dos itens que compõem cada nível dos testes de classificação, em comparação com o que está previsto como conteúdo programático de língua inglesa nos cursos, apresentado nas ementas das disciplinas Inglês I a VI. A pesquisa foi tratada como um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, considerando para análise dados quantitativos e qualitativos, com o objetivo de verificar e discutir a validade de construto, de conteúdo e de face nos testes de classificação, consideradas como aspectos substanciais para o processo de sua validação. Os resultados da análise comparativa revelaram que o teste necessita de modificações, uma vez que o construto que permeia as ementas dos cursos não está nitidamente definido no teste, especialmente no que se refere à ausência do componente oral em alguns dos seus níveis. Entretanto, quanto à validade de conteúdo, observou-se que a maioria dos itens contempla o que está previsto nas ementas. Em relação à validade de face, os resultados apontarem que os examinandos e professores que participaram da pesquisa consideraram o teste adequado. A análise do desempenho dos examinandos e a avaliação dos itens do teste permitiram diagnosticar aspectos das práticas avaliativas da instituição e sua relevância para o processo ensino/aprendizagem de língua estrangeira. Nesse sentido, espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para futuras pesquisas sobre elaboração, processamento e validação de instrumentos avaliativos em língua estrangeira.The objective of this study is to collect and analyze evidences related to an online English placement test which is being administered in a public technological college located 60 km from the capital of São Paulo. Data were collected on this test administered to freshmen students of Events, Logistics (morning and evening) and Management Information Technology courses in the period between the second half of 2010 to the second half of 2012. Other complementary data were obtained by two questionnaires, one of them answered by 141 freshmen in the first half of 2012 and the other answered by two English teachers of the college, which formed the basis for the study of the validation of the test. The purpose of the research was to assess the relevance and quality of the test items that make up each level of the placement test in comparison to what is foreseen as syllabus for English language courses I through VI. The research was treated as a case study, with a descriptive and explanatory character considering quantitative and qualitative data analysis in order to verify and discuss the construct validity, content validity and face validity of the online placement test considered as substantial aspects for process validation. The results of the comparative analysis revealed that the online placement test requires modifications, since the construct that permeates the syllabus of the courses is not clearly defined in the test, particularly there is an oral missing evaluation in some levels. However, as to content validity, it was observed that most of the items that are part of the test include what is referred to on the syllabus. Regarding face validity the results suggest that most of the examinees and teachers who participated in the survey considered the test appropriate. The performance analysis and evaluation of the examinees and the way the test was constructed helped diagnosing aspects of evaluation practices in the institution and its relevance to the teaching / learning of a foreign language. We intend through this study to contribute to the current research on development, implementation and validation of evaluation instruments in a foreign language.
30
Bunk, Oliver. ""Aber immer alle sagen das" The Status of V3 in German: Use, Processing, and Syntactic Representation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22085.
Анотація:
Für das Deutsche wird gemeinhin eine strikte V2-Beschränkung angenommen, die für deklarative Hauptsätze besagt, dass sich vor dem finiten Verb genau eine Konstituente befinden muss. In der Literatur werden häufig Beispiele angeführt, in denen sich zwei Konstituenten vor dem finiten Verb befinden und die somit gegen die V2-Beschränkung verstoßen. Diese syntaktische Konfiguration, so das Argument, führt zu Ungrammatikalität:
(1) *Gestern Johann hat getanzt. (Roberts & Roussou 2002:137)
Die Bewertung in (1) fußt jedoch nicht auf empirischer Evidenz, sondern spiegelt ein introspektives Urteil der Autor*innen wider. Daten zum tatsächlichen Sprachgebrauch zeigen, dass Sätze wie in (2) im Deutschen durchaus verwendet werden:
(2) Aber immer alle sagen das. [BSa-OB, #16]
Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Status dieser V3-Deklarativsätze im Deutschen. Der Status wird aus drei einander ergänzenden Perspektiven auf Sprache untersucht: Sprachverwendung, Akzeptabilität und Verarbeitung. Hierzu werden Daten, die in einer Korpus-, einer Akzeptabilitäts- und einer Lesezeitstudie erhoben wurden, ausgewertet. Basierend auf den empirischen Befunden diskutiere ich V3-Modellierungen aus generativer Sicht und entwickle einen Modellierungsvorschlag aus konstruktionsgrammatischer Sicht.
Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die Einbeziehung von nicht-standardsprachlichen Mustern wichtige Einblicke in die sprachliche Architektur gibt. Insbesondere psycholinguistisch gewonnene Daten als empirische Basis sind essenziell, um mentale sprachliche Prozesse zu verstehen und abbilden zu können. Die Analyse von V3 zeigt, dass solche Ansätze möglich und nötig sind, um Grammatikmodelle zu prüfen und weiterzuentwickeln. Untersuchungen dieser Art stellen Grammatikmodelle in Frage, die oft einer standardsprachlichen Tradition heraus erwachsen sind und nur einen Ausschnitt der sprachlichen Realität erfassen. V3-Sätze entpuppen sich nach dieser Analyse als Strukturen, die fester Bestandteil der Grammatik sind.German is usually considered to follow a strict V2-constraint. This means that exactly one constituent must precede the finite verb in declarative main clauses. There are many examples for sentences that exhibit two preverbal constituents in the literature, illustrating a violation of the V2-constraint. According to the literature, these configurations lead to ungrammatical structures. (1) *Gestern Johann hat getanzt. (Roberts & Roussou 2002:137) However, the evaluation in (1) is not based on empirical evidence but is introspective and thus might not reflect the linguistic reality. Empirical data from actual language use show that German speakers indeed use these kinds of sentences. (2) Aber immer alle sagen das. [BSa-OB, #16] The dissertation explores the status of these V3 declaratives in German, with ‘status’ comprising three complementary perspectives on language: language use, acceptability, and processing. To this end, I analyze data from three studies: a corpus study, an acceptability judgment study, and a reading time study. Based on the empirical evidence, I discuss existing analyses of V3 and V3-modeling from the generative perspective and develop an analysis taking a construction-based approach. The dissertation shows that including patterns from non-standard language allows for valuable insights into the architecture of language. In particular, psycholinguistic data as an empirical basis are essential to understand and model mental linguistic processes. The analyses presented in the dissertation show that it is possible to follow such an approach in the field of syntactic variation, and it is indeed necessary in order to challenge and further develop existing grammatical theories and our understanding of grammar. Most grammatical models strongly rely on standard language, which is why they only capture a snippet of the linguistic reality. Taking empirical evidence into account, however, V3 sentences turn out to form an integral part of the German grammar.
31
Leroy, Aude. "Patientez en prison. La construction des itinéraires carcéraux en centre de détention." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN061/document.
Анотація:
Selon le droit de l'exécution des peines, un éventail de mesures judiciaires permet de déplacer un détenu vers l’extérieur des murs, de manière temporaire ou pérenne. Il s’agit d’un ensemble assez flou, appelé aménagements de peine. Un paradigme dominant des politiques publiques enjoint à favoriser les demandes de ces mesures de la part des détenus condamnés. L’idée est d’organiser des voies progressives de sortie. Les acteurs professionnels de la prison et de la justice s’accordent à considérer qu’il s’agit de la meilleure transition entre le dedans et le dehors. Pourtant, l’obtention d’une mesure telle que la libération conditionnelle ou la semi-liberté relève d’un processus très sélectif. Les professionnels enrôlés dans ces activités décisionnelles tiennent compte d’ordres de considérations contradictoires polarisées par, d’un côté, l’idéal de la réhabilitation du condamné, et, d’un autre côté, les préoccupations concernant la récidive. Il en résulte des dilemmes, et un chemin exigeant pour le condamné. Ces exigences, les professionnels leur donnent un sens, ils les transforment en épreuve traversée par un détenu singulier. Cette thèse prend pour objet la manière dont le justiciable, candidat à un aménagement de peine, se voit engagé à suivre un programme institutionnel, un curriculum de la réinsertion. Au cours de cette épreuve, le détenu est conduit à se rapprocher des attentes qui s’expriment à son égard, d’un schéma du bon candidat à ’aménagement de peine. Les gages qu’il doit présenter « enveloppent » tout ce qui fait une personne : gages d’insertion socio-économique, mais aussi gages d’une amélioration de son for intérieur, de son intimité psychique. Ces critères sont objectivés, notamment, par les expertises psychiatriques. Or, d’une manière ou d’une autre, l’ensemble des acteurs professionnels en prison, et même les bénévoles, sont mis à contribution dans ce projet institutionnel, qui prétend considérer comment le détenu a “évolué” en tant que personne. La thèse décrit cette économie morale : les relations de travail sous-tendues, en prison, par une politique pénale qui tend à gouverner les détenus en les enrôlant dans un programme dont on considère qu’il doit être voulu par le justiciableAccording to the law, a range of judicial measures allows to move a prisoner towards the outside of walls, in a temporary or long-lasting way. It is called sentencing reductions. One paradigm dominating public policies orders to favor the requests of these measures on behalf of the condemned prisoners. The idea is to organize progressive ways of release. The professional actors of the prison and the justice agree to consider that it is about the best transition between inside and the outside. Nevertheless, the obtaining of a measure such as the release on parole or the relative freedom is a matter of a very selective process. The professionals enlisted in these decision-making activities take into account orders of contradictory considerations polarized by, on one side, the ideal of the rehabilitation of the condemned person, and, on the other hand, the concerns concerning the recidivism. It results from it dilemmae, and demanding path for the condemned person. These requirements, the professionals give them a sense. They transform them into an meaningfull experience crossed by a singular prisoner. This dissertation takes for object the way the citizen, who applies to a sentencing reduction, get committed to follow an institutional program, a curriculum of the reintegration. During these hardships, the prisoner is driven to get closer to expectations which express themselves towards him/her. He is led into a plan of the good candidate for the sentencing reduction. The wages which he has to present "wrap" all which makes a person: wages of socioeconomic insertion, but also wages of an improvement of its heart of hearts, its psychic intimacy. These criteria are objectified, in particular, by psychiatric examinations. Yet, somehow or other, all the professional actors in prison, and even the volunteers, are put in contribution in this institutional project, which claims to consider how the prisoner "evolved". The dissertation describes this moral economy: the tend to govern the prisoners by enlisting them in a program of which we consider that they must desire to get hired into the programm
32
Baskaya, Ismail Faik. "Physical design automation for large scale field programmable analog arrays." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31810.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: David V Anderson; Committee Co-Chair: Sung Kyu Lim; Committee Member: Aaron Lanterman; Committee Member: Abhijit Chatterjee; Committee Member: Daniel Foty; Committee Member: Paul Hasler. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
33
Copeland, Andrew Michael. "Optimising the placement of classified tailings backfill slurries." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9339.
34
Ren, Haoxing. "Incremental placement for modern VLSI design closure." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2626.
35
Cho, Cheng-ta, and 卓政達. "A Constructive Algorithm for Legalization in Standard Cell Placement." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55129236932215091449.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
電機工程學系
97
Placement is a very importing design step in VLSI physical design. In general, placement can be divided into three steps including global placement, legalization and detailed placement. During legalization step, all cell overlaps have to be removed and a legal placement with minimum perturbation will be produced. In this paper, a constructive algorithm will be proposed to solve the problem of legalization. The proposed algorithm has three steps including row enumeration, cell assignment and position adjustment. The problem objective is to derive a legalization solution with total displacement as few as possible. The experimental result shows that the proposed constructive algorithm has good performance even on very large testbenchs.
36
Chen, Chien-Yin, and 陳建尹. "Study of the Placement and Construction Method of Cellular Concrete." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10191627520127265184.
Анотація:
碩士國立海洋大學
河海工程學系碩士在職專班
90
The study is to investigate the placement and construction method of cellular concrete. The air content and cementitious materials varied in cellular concrete, which influences the unit weight , compressive strength, and placement procedure. Test results indicate that the unit weight of cellular concrete was about 1/3~2/3 of that of normal concrete. When the air content is below 60%, the average void diameter is between 0.02 cm~0.03 cm, and the voids are distributed individually in concrete. The slump of celluar concrete can reach up to 27.5~28.8 cm with a slump flow up to 64~92 cm. After 45 minutes, there is almost no slump loss or slump flow loss. The pouring height of cellular concrete significantly affects the unit weight , air content and compressive strength. When the pouring height increases, the air content in the bottom part will lose to 11~12%. For controlling the uniformity of cellular concrete, it is suggested to keep the pouring height below 0.5m or at most not greater than 1.0m.
37
Zeng, Hui min. "Efficient placement schemes to fully utilize peer upstream bandwidth." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20562.
38
"An incremental alternation placement algorithm for macrocell array design." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886910.
Анотація:
by Tsz Shing Cheung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter Section 1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter 1.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Floorplan of Macrocell Array --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Chip Model --- p.4
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Location Representation --- p.4
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Interconnection Length Estimation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5 --- Cost Function Evaluation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Net-length Calculation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Net-length Estimated by Half of the Perimeter of Bounding Box --- p.7
Chapter 1.6 --- Thesis Layout --- p.8
Chapter Section 2 --- Reviews of Partitioning and Placement Methods --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Partitioning Methods --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Direct Method --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Group Migration Method --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Metric Allocation Methods --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Simulated Annealing --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Placement Methods --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Min-cut Methods --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Affinity Clustering Methods --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Other Placement Methods --- p.16
Chapter Section 3 --- Algorithm --- p.17
Chapter 3.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.18
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Construction of Connection Lists --- p.18
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Primary Grouping --- p.21
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Element Appendage to Existing Groups --- p.23
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Loose Appendage of Ungrouped Elements --- p.25
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Single Element Groups Formation --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.27
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Element Assignment to a Group --- p.29
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Empty Space Searching --- p.30
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determination of Direction of Element Allocation --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Cross-cut Direction of Allocation --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Dynamic Determination of Path Based on Size Functions --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.3.2.1 --- Segmentation of Cross-cut --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.3.2.2 --- Partial Optimization of Segments --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.3.2.3 --- Dynamic Linking of Segments --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Element Allocation --- p.39
Chapter Section 4 --- Implementation --- p.41
Chapter 4.1 --- The System Row --- p.41
Chapter 4.1.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.43
Chapter 4.1.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.44
Chapter 4.2 --- Data Structures --- p.47
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Insertion of Elements to a Linked List --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Dynamic Linking of Segments --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Advantages of the Dynamic Data Structure --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Data Manipulation and File Management --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.1 --- The Connection Lists and the Group List --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Description on Programs and Data Files --- p.62
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.63
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.64
Chapter Section 5 --- Results --- p.70
Chapter 5.1 --- Results on Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.84
Chapter 5.2 --- Details of Affinity Clustering Procedure on Ckt. 2 and Ckt. 5 --- p.92
Chapter 5.3 --- Results on Alteration Phase --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Details of Alteration Procedure on Ckt. 2 and Ckt. 5 --- p.101
Chapter Section 6 --- Discussion --- p.107
Chapter 6.1 --- Computation Time of the Algorithm --- p.107
Chapter 6.2 --- Alternative Methods on the Determination of Propagation Path --- p.110
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Method 1 --- p.110
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Method 2 --- p.111
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Method 3 --- p.114
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Comparison on Execution Time of the Four Methods --- p.117
Chapter 6.3 --- Wiring Optimization --- p.118
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Data Structure --- p.119
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Overlapping and Separate Bounding Boxes --- p.120
Chapter 6.4 --- Generalization of the Data Structure --- p.122
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Cell Types --- p.123
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Adhesive Attributes --- p.124
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Blocks Representation --- p.124
Chapter 6.4.4 --- Critical Path Adjustment --- p.125
Chapter 6.4.5 --- Total Interconnection Length Estimation --- p.129
Chapter 6.5 --- A New Placement Algorithm --- p.130
Chapter 6.6 --- An Alternative Method on Element Allocation --- p.132
Chapter Section 7 --- Conclusion --- p.136
Chapter Section 8 --- References --- p.138
Chapter Section 9 --- Appendix I --- p.142
Chapter 9.1 --- Definition of the Problem --- p.142
Chapter 9.2 --- The Simulated Annealing Algorithm --- p.142
Chapter 9.3 --- Example Circuit --- p.143
Chapter 9.4 --- Performance Indices and Energy Value --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.1 --- Total Interconnection Length --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.2 --- Delay on Critical Paths --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.3 --- Skew in Input-to-Output Delays --- p.146
Chapter 9.4.4 --- Energy Value --- p.146
Chapter 9.5 --- The Simulation Program --- p.146
Chapter 9.5.1 --- "The ""function"" Subroutines" --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.1 --- alise --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.2 --- max delay --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.3 --- replace --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.4 --- total length --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.2 --- "The ""procedure"" Subroutines" --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.1 --- init_weight --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.2 --- inverse --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.3 --- initial --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.4 --- shuffle --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.3 --- The Main Program --- p.148
Chapter 9.6 --- Results and Discussion --- p.149
Chapter 9.7 --- Summary --- p.156
Chapter 9.8 --- References --- p.156
Chapter Section 10 --- Appendix II --- p.157
39
Luo, Tao Ph D. "Nanometer VLSI placement and optimization for multi-objective design closure." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3688.
40
Petruzzi, Brian James. "Stabilizing techniques for curved steel I-girders during construction." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1364.
Анотація:
There are many issues and challenges to deal with when designing a curved I-girder bridge. These challenges primarily deal with the many performance stages that curved I-girder bridges have such as the erection, construction, and in-service stages. When design engineers assess the stability of a bridge system, they typically evaluate the system in its final configuration with all cross frames attached and the hardened concrete deck placed. The evaluation of girder stability during erection and early stages of construction stages is difficult because of the limited presence of bracing in the system. Due to a lack of readily available analytical tools, many contractors do not conduct detailed analytical evaluations of the bridge behavior during early stages of the construction when stability is often critical. Instead, many contractors use rules of thumb and experience to ensure stability during erection. Erection and construction practices typically vary among contractors and consistent erection methods are a rarity. Although some rules of thumb may be quite conservative, others are much less so. Therefore, coming up with design guidelines based on parametric studies rather than rules of thumb are desirable to help allow the contractor and the designer to work together to prevent issues that may occur due to the lack of communication between the two professions.
Lastly, many challenges arise due to the complex geometry of curved I-girders. To prevent excessive rotation in erected girders, three points of vertical support are often provided. Two of these points usually consist of permanent supports in the form of bridge piers or abutments. The third point of support may consist of a temporary support in the form of a shore tower or holding crane. Cases where a holding crane may be satisfactory over a shore tower are also not well understood.
To improve the understanding of lifting practices and temporary support requirements, parametric studies were conducted using the finite element program ANSYS. Field data consisting of displacement, stress, and girder rotations gathered from two tests were used to validate both the linear and geometric non-linear three-dimensional FEA models. Upon validation, the finite element model was used to conduct linear and geometric non-linear analyses to determine critical factors in curved I-girder bridges during construction. Specifically, serviceability limit states were studied for the lifting of curved girders. For partially constructed states, parametric studies were conducted to determine optimal locations to place temporary supports as well as to investigate stability differences between using a shore tower and a holding crane. Recommendations are presented to provide guidance for the lifting of curved I-girders as well as to maximize stability of partially constructed bridges.text
41
"Retiming with wire delay and post-retiming register placement." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892145.
Анотація:
Tong Ka Yau Dennis.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivations --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Progress on the Problem --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Our Contributions --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Background on Retiming --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.5
Chapter 2.2 --- Preliminaries --- p.7
Chapter 2.3 --- Retiming Problem --- p.9
Chapter 3 --- Literature Review on Retiming --- p.10
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.10
Chapter 3.2 --- The First Retiming Paper --- p.11
Chapter 3.2.1 --- """Retiming Synchronous Circuitry""" --- p.11
Chapter 3.3 --- Important Extensions of the Basic Retiming Algorithm --- p.14
Chapter 3.3.1 --- """A Fresh Look at Retiming via Clock Skew Optimization""" --- p.14
Chapter 3.3.2 --- """An Improved Algorithm for Minimum-Area Retiming""" --- p.16
Chapter 3.3.3 --- """Efficient Implementation of Retiming""" --- p.17
Chapter 3.4 --- Retiming in Physical Design Stages --- p.19
Chapter 3.4.1 --- """Physical Planning with Retiming""" --- p.19
Chapter 3.4.2 --- """Simultaneous Circuit Partitioning/Clustering with Re- timing for Performance Optimization" --- p.20
Chapter 3.4.3 --- """Performance Driven Multi-level and Multiway Parti- tioning with Retiming" --- p.22
Chapter 3.5 --- Retiming with More Sophisticated Timing Models --- p.23
Chapter 3.5.1 --- """Retiming with Non-zero Clock Skew, Variable Register, and Interconnect Delay""" --- p.23
Chapter 3.5.2 --- """Placement Driven Retiming with a Coupled Edge Tim- ing Model""" --- p.24
Chapter 3.6 --- Post-Retiming Register Placement --- p.26
Chapter 3.6.1 --- """Layout Driven Retiming Using the Coupled Edge Tim- ing Model""" --- p.26
Chapter 3.6.2 --- """Integrating Logic Retiming and Register Placement""" --- p.27
Chapter 4 --- Retiming with Gate and Wire Delay [2] --- p.29
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.29
Chapter 4.2 --- Problem Formulation --- p.30
Chapter 4.3 --- Optimal Approach [2] --- p.31
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Original Mathematical Framework for Retiming --- p.31
Chapter 4.3.2 --- A Modified Optimal Approach --- p.33
Chapter 4.4 --- Near-Optimal Fast Approach [2] --- p.37
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Considering Wire Delay Only --- p.38
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Considering Both Gate and Wire Delay --- p.42
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Computational Complexity --- p.43
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.44
Chapter 4.5 --- Lin's Optimal Approach [23] --- p.47
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Theoretical Results --- p.47
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Algorithm Description --- p.51
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Computational Complexity --- p.52
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.52
Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.54
Chapter 5 --- Register Insertion in Placement [36] --- p.55
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 5.2 --- Problem Formulation --- p.57
Chapter 5.3 --- Placement of Registers After Retiming --- p.60
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Topology Finding --- p.60
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Register Placement --- p.69
Chapter 5.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.71
Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.74
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.75
Bibliography --- p.77
42
Hardas, Chinmaya S. "Component placement sequence optimization in printed circuit board assembly using genetic algorithms." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30048.
Анотація:
Over the last two decades, the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCB) has generated
a huge amount of industrial activity. One of the major developments in PCB assembly
was introduction of surface mount technology (SMT). SMT has displaced through-hole
technology as a primary means of assembling PCB over the last decade. It has
also made it easy to automate PCB assembly process.
The component placement machine is probably the most important piece of
manufacturing equipment on a surface mount assembly line. It is used for placing
components reliably and accurately enough to meet the throughput requirements in a
cost-effective manner. Apart from the fact that it is the most expensive equipment on
the PCB manufacturing line, it is also often the bottleneck. There are a quite a few
areas for improvements on the machine, one of them being component placement
sequencing. With the number of components being placed on a PCB ranging in
hundreds, a placement sequence which requires near minimum motion of the
placement head can help optimize the throughput rates.
This research develops an application using genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the
component placement sequencing problem for a single headed placement machine. Six
different methods were employed. The effects of two parameters which are critical to
the execution of a GA were explored at different levels. The results obtained show that
the one of the methods performs significantly better than the others. Also, the
application developed in this research can be modified in accordance to the problems
or machines seen in the industry to optimize the throughput rates.Graduation date: 2004
43
Huang, Cheng-Kai, and 黃鉦凱. "Voltage Area Construction and Voltage Scaling at Post Placement Stage for Low Power IC Design." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k766gt.
Анотація:
碩士中原大學
資訊工程研究所
93
With the improvement in process technology, the number of cell on the ICs increases dramatically. Therefore it is essential to study the mechanism in saving the power consumption of an IC. In this paper, we propose a voltage scaling technique with multiple supply voltages to reduce the power consumption on a chip. In contrast to the current multiple supply voltages design flow, we perform the voltage area construction and voltage scaling at post placement stage in stead of the synthesis stage. It is because after placement the timing may be estimated more accurately. There are two major phases in our algorithm. In the first phase, the slack value of standard cells is utilized to construct a Critical Region Search Tree of smaller slack cells, and then the high voltage region is formed. In the second phase, according to the voltage region of standard cells, we perform voltage scaling and insert level converters. After this phase, if timing violation occurs, we apply gate sizing technique to fix timing violation. Experimental results show that this proposed technique can reduce about 20% power consumption of a chip without any timing violation.
44
Aroonsantidecha, Suradeth, and 吳永證. "Enhanced and Efficient DCT Based Thermal Model Construction and Its Application to Thermal-Aware Placement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89702228288608995662.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
100
In this thesis, we proposed a fast and accurate thermal aware analytical placer. Thermal model is constructed based on Green function with enhanced DCT to generate full chip temperature profile. Unlike other previous thermal aware placers, our thermal model is tightly integrated with a flat force directed placement. A thermal spreading force based on 2D Gaussian model is proposed to reduce maximum on-chip temperature with dynamic hot region size control, optimizing between total half-perimeter wirelength (HPWL) and on-chip temperature distribution. Our thermal model is verified by the most recent commercial tool and has an average deviation within 6.5% with 240x speed up. Our placer can reach the same quality compared to Capo and APlace2 with 3-4x speed up. Experiments are tested using ISPD 2005 benchmark with up to 2 million gate design. The results are further evaluated using GSRC Bookshelf Evaluator for total HPWL, and using ICEPAK for temperature distribution.
45
Stith, Jason Clarence. "Predicting the behavior of horizontally curved I-girders during construction." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1840.
Анотація:
The majority of a bridge designer’s time is spent ensuring strength and serviceability limit states are satisfied for the completed structure under various dead and live loads. Anecdotally, the profession has done an admirable job designing safe bridges, but engineering the construction process by which bridges get built plays a lesser role in the design offices. The result of this oversight is the complete collapse of a few large bridges as well as numerous other serviceability failures during construction. According to the available literature there have been only a few attempts to monitor a full-scale bridge in the field during the entire construction process. Another challenge for engineers is the lack of analysis tools available which predict the behavior of the bridge during the intermediate construction phases. During construction, partial bracing is present and the boundary conditions can vary significantly from the final bridge configuration. The challenge is magnified for complex bridge geometries such as curved bridges or bridges with skewed supports.
To address some of the concerns facing engineers a three span curved steel I-girder bridge was monitored throughout the entire construction process. Field studies collected data on the girder lifting behavior, partially constructed behavior, and concrete deck placement behavior. Additional analytical studies followed using the field measurements to verify the finite element models. Finally, conclusions drawn from the physical and analytical testing were utilized to derive equations that predicted behavior, and analysis tools were developed to provide engineers with solutions to a wide range of construction related problems. This dissertation describes the development of two design tools, UT Lift and UT Bridge. UT Lift is a macro-enabled Excel spreadsheet that predicts the behavior of curved I-girders during lifting. The derivation of the equations necessary to accomplish these calculations and the implementation are described in this dissertation. UT Bridge is a PC-based, user-friendly, 3-D finite element program for I-girder bridges. The basic design philosophy of UT Bridge aims to allow an engineer to take the information readily available in a set of bridge drawings and easily input the necessary information into the program. A straight or curved I-girder bridge with any number of girders or spans can then be analyzed with a robust finite element analysis for either the erection sequence or the concrete deck placement. The development of UT Bridge as well as the necessary element formulations is provided in this dissertation.text
46
Wang, Jimmy, and 王崧名. "A Study of the Construct Validity of the Tunghai English Placement Exam from 2006 to 2011." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91863053091888588833.
Анотація:
碩士東海大學
外國語文學系
101
This study examined the construct validity of the Tunghai English Placement Exam (TEPE) by comparing the test structure of the TEPE as intended by the test designers with the structure stemming from student performance on the test. Conducting research on the construct validity of the TEPE was to show the aptness of the decisions and inferences made by teachers with regards to the students’ performance on the test. A secondary objective was the stability of the factor structure over repeated exam administrations. The study used TEPE test data collected from 18,371 freshmen non-English majors enrolled in Tunghai University from 2006 to 2011. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) through the use of SPSS determined the construct validity of the TEPE. It was hoped that by investigating the construct validity of the TEPE, that more knowledge can be shed about the usefulness of the test with regards to student assessment, if there were any changes of the characteristics of the test-taking population, and about the multidimensionality of English language ability. EFA and CFA results favored a three-factor model, which mirrored the test designers’ intended test structure for the most part. One significant change however, with the model in the study was that one of the grammar sections of the TEPE grouped more closely with the reading factor, instead of the grammar factor as anticipated by the test designers. Nonetheless, the test structure itself remained constant for all years, as indicated by the minor variations in factor loadings and model fit indices. Lastly, the study indicated a conflicting view on the topic of multidimensionality of language, as the results showed that grammar and reading were more interconnected than anticipated. The research demonstrated the factor structure of the TEPE gave support for the construct validity of the exam. However, because of an anomaly with one of the grammar sections, any interpretations of the TEPE scores must be more closely examined when distinguishing between grammar and reading scores.
47
Chen, Yi-Hung, and 陳毅鴻. "Construction and Analysis of a Dynamic Business Model: Case Study of Strategic Placement of Google IOT Platform." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37kqe6.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
管理學院經營管理學程
103
In recent years, the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IOT) is a very hot topic in the global technology industry. Its popularity is not second to the Internet boom in 1900’s. However, what kind of differences exists between emerging industry, IOT, and previous technology industry? How do enterprises design their business models to cope with these discrepancies to remain competitive in the IOT industry? After merging companies and fighting into the IOT industry, how do the enterprises maintain “dynamic” interaction of their business models with merged companies? In addition, how should their relationships be developed? In this research, the issues mentioned above will be analyzed through the study case of Google's emerging Nest Labs to enter the IOT industry. Through this study, expect to give enterprises planning to flight into IOT industry some suggestions. They can examine their placement strategies based on changing world situations to remain and strengthen their competitive advantages.
48
Mabunda, Moises Eugenio. "Nation building in Mozambique : an assessment of the secondary school teachers’ placement scheme, 1975 – 1985." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27897.
Анотація:
This study analyses the practice implemented by the government of Mozambique immediately after independence, from 1975 to 1985, of placing secondary school teachers around the country. Such practice consisted of putting teachers born in the south of the country to teach either in the central, or in the northern region, on the one hand; on the another, those who were born in the centre of the country were being placed to work or in the south, or in the north; and those born in the north were being sent to teach in the central or southern part of the country. The government’s arguments in so doing were to mould a nation. The study explores whether this practices was a deliberate policy. The presupposition that it may have been a formal policy comes from the fact that during the struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, the then movement leading the war, Frelimo, had as its guiding principle to ‘kill the tribe for the nation to be born’; so people from different regions of the country were compelled to work closely together in every activity of the movement. The theoretical framework includes a discussion of the concepts of ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, ‘nationalism’ and ‘nation-state’. Throughout the literature review, the way nations have been historically constituted worldwide, the way African leaders tried to build their nations, the philosophy behind the idea of ‘nation-states’ they developed are discussed at length. Given that education has been considered as a key pillar to achieve this specific end, the contribution of this sector to the processes of building a nation is brought to the fore. The study is a qualitative analysis and exploratory in essence. Fifty persons – including high ranking officials and teachers – who designed and implemented or were involved in the practice, were interviewed as the main foundation of the research. The outcomes of the analysis as well as the analogy itself are multidisciplinary. It concludes that the practice was not a policy in the classical meaning, that is a core of written principles and practices approved by a competent social institution and followed in a certain community, it existed only in speeches. Secondly, that in fact the practice contributed to the nation building process, people involved in it gained awareness of the vastness and ethnic diversity of the country. Finally, it reveals that de facto the policy had unintended interpretations. Given that the majority of the people sent throughout the country were southerners – something which the headmasters of the practice apparently were not aware of –, the unbalance of educated cadres that began during the colonial period were simply perpetuated and not critically addressed. As a result, “Southern dominance” in the administration of the country (in this instance the education system) provided the basis for dissatisfaction in other areas of the country. The study agrees with Connor (1990) that nation-building is a process, and concludes that Mozambique is on the road to nation formation, to which the practice contributed to a considerable degree.Dissertation (M (Social Science in Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Sociology
unrestricted
49
Malhaire, Loïc. "La construction institutionnelle de régimes de travail contraint au Canada : les cas des immigrants permanents et des migrants temporaires : quelles mobilisations possibles?" Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18425.
Анотація:
Dans le contexte de l'effritement de la société salariale (Castel 1995), on constate au Canada une prolifération de statuts d'emplois atypiques, une flexibilisation et une précarisation du travail, ainsi qu'une augmentation du nombre de travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres. Deux formes d’emploi semblent particulièrement illustrer la pauvreté et la précarité en emploi : le travail immigrant en agence de placement temporaire et le travail migrant temporaire. Alors que le travail en agence de placement (TAP) constitue un marché du travail précaire, on y retrouve un grand nombre d’immigrants reçus, de demandeurs d’asile ou de réfugiés, employés dans des emplois sous-qualifiés, malgré des niveaux de scolarité souvent élevés. Par ailleurs, le programme fédéral des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés (PTET-PS), permet aux employeurs canadiens le recrutement d’une main-d’œuvre étrangère pour des postes déclarés non pourvus par une main-d’œuvre locale, établissant des normes spécifiques d'emploi et de migration et constituant un marché du travail transnational et fortement concurrentiel au travail salarié.
La thèse interroge les processus institutionnels de construction des conditions d’accès à l’emploi pour ces deux catégories de travailleurs non natifs du Canada que sont (1) les immigrants reçus et les réfugiés insérés en emploi d’agences de placement dans le secteur de l’entreposage et (2) les travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés travaillant dans un abattoir. Une immersion ethnographique effectuée sur le mode de la participation observante pendant près de deux ans au Centre des travailleuses et travailleurs immigrants (CTI) à Montréal, complétée par une série d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de travailleurs, de personnes ressources et d’intervenants du secteur communautaire, montrent que la construction de ces régimes de travail doit être analysée (1) au croisement des politiques publiques d'immigration, de la régulation du travail, des mesures d’insertion en emploi des immigrants et de l’encadrement du regroupement familial, (2) au regard des pratiques des acteurs du marché du travail (entreprises, agences de placement/recrutement, organisations professionnelles et sectorielles) et (3) en considérant les manières dont les travailleurs intègrent les conditions structurelles de l’emploi immigrant à leurs stratégies de vie personnelles et familiales.
Il ressort que l’association de statuts juridiques d’immigration et de certaines formes d’emploi structure des régimes de travail caractérisés par la captivité en emploi, construits relativement aux enjeux et aux besoins immédiats des secteurs d’activité et légitimés par une législation entravant de façon systémique l’accès des travailleurs aux droits et libertés. On observe ensuite que ces régimes de travail contraint produisent des conditions d’accès à l’emploi définies sur un continuum allant de la qualification des personnes, à leur déqualification professionnelle, à leur disqualification sociale. Alors que les travailleurs rencontrés ont la particularité d’être fixés à leur emploi précaire par des contraintes liées à leur exclusion des emplois valorisés et/ou à leurs statuts juridiques d’immigration, la thèse interroge finalement les formes possibles de mobilisation et de défense collective de leurs intérêts à travers une étude de cas portant sur des actions collectives soutenues par un groupe communautaire en lien avec des syndicats.In the context of the erosion of the “société salariale” (wage-earning society, Castel 1995), in Canada as elsewhere, we are witnessing the proliferation of atypical employment conditions, the flexibilisation and casualization of work, and an increase in the number of working poor. Two forms of employment best illustrate poverty and precariousness in employment: immigrants working in temporary placement agencies (temp agencies) and temporary foreign workers (TFWs). The precarious labour market of temp agency work harnesses a large number of highly educated landed immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers employed in low-skilled jobs. Moreover, the federal program for low-skilled temporary foreign workers (TFWP-LS), allows Canadian employers to recruit foreign workers for positions unfilled by the local workforce. The TFWP-LS establishes specific employment and immigration standards, thereby institutionalizing a transnational labour force competing with domestic wage-earners. This thesis examines the institutional processes that create the terms of access to employment for two categories of foreign-born workers in Canada: (1) landed immigrants and refugees working in warehouses through temporary placement agencies and (2) low-skilled temporary foreign workers in slaughterhouses. A nearly two-year ethnographic immersion at the Immigrant Workers Centre (IWC) in Montreal, based on the “observant participation” method, complemented by a series of semi-structured interviews with workers, key informants and community sector stakeholders, showed that the construction of these work arrangements is complex. An understanding of these categories of work requires an analysis: (1) at the intersection of immigration policies, labour regulations, employment integration measures for immigrants, and regulations related to family reunification; (2) in relation to the practices of labour market actors (companies, placement/recruitment agencies, professional and sectorial organizations); and (3) in consideration of the ways in which workers incorporate the structural conditions of im/migrant employment in their personal and family life strategies and choices. Results show that immigration status has intersected with certain forms of employment to structure work arrangements characterized by forced labour. Those work arrangements are built on the short-term needs of industries and are legitimized by legislation that systemically impedes workers' access to rights and freedoms. These constrained work arrangements lead (im)migrant workers through a deleterious process, starting with their qualification as an (im)migrant to Canada, then professional de-skilling and finally social disqualification. While the workers met in the context of this project are constrained in their precarious jobs due to their exclusion from qualified jobs and/or by their legal immigration status, the thesis concludes by exploring the possible forms of mobilization and collective defense of their interests through a case study of collective action supported by a community group in connection with trade unions.
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Julien, Ariane. "Oeuvrer sous la contrainte : le processus décisionnel des intervenantes de la protection de la jeunesse relativement aux décisions de compromission, de retrait et de placement des jeunes Autochtones." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25556.
Анотація:
Au Canada, les enfants autochtones sont surreprésentés dans les services de protection de l’enfance ainsi que dans les différents types de placement. En ce sens, le but de ce projet était de mieux comprendre la pratique des intervenants oeuvrant en centre jeunesse relativement aux décisions de compromission, de retrait du milieu familial et de placement (interethnique ou culturellement jumelé) des jeunes Autochtones. Les objectifs spécifiques qui découlaient de cet objectif général étaient au nombre de trois :
1. explorer, à travers le point de vue des intervenants oeuvrant à l’étape de l’évaluation/orientation, le processus de prise de décision en ce qui a trait à la compromission, ou non, de la sécurité ou du développement des jeunes autochtones;
2. explorer, à travers le point de vue des intervenants oeuvrant à l’étape de l’évaluation/orientation et de l’application des mesures (prise en charge), le processus de prise de décision en lien au retrait des jeunes autochtones de leur milieu familial et à leur orientation vers un placement en ressource de type familial (RTF) interethnique ou culturellement jumelé;
3. comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui influencent la prise de décision des intervenants dans les différentes étapes du processus de signalement et de prise en charge par rapport au placement des jeunes autochtones.
Pour mener à bien ce projet, l’étudiante-chercheure a réalisé une première vague de cueillette de données, soit sept groupes de discussion composés d’intervenantes oeuvrant au sein d’un centre jeunesse situé en zone périphérique des grands centres et desservant plusieurs communautés autochtones. Puis, à partir des éléments ayant émergé de ce matériau, a procédé à une seconde vague, composée cette fois de seize entretiens individuels menés également auprès d’intervenantes oeuvrant à ce même centre jeunesse.
La méthodologie utilisée était la théorisation ancrée, ce qui est cohérent avec le cadre théorique (ou concepts sensibilisateurs) utilisé, qui réfère pour sa part à l’interactionnisme symbolique (Blumer, 1969) de même qu’à la pratique réflexive et la construction des savoirs (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995).
Les résultats obtenus de ces deux phases ont permis de faire ressortir que le processus des intervenantes en ce qui concerne les décisions de compromission, de retrait et de placement des jeunes autochtones est hautement subjectif, dynamique et systémique. Il réfère aux caractéristiques intrinsèques des intervenantes (le Soi et le Savoir), à travers lesquels elles portent en fait un regard sur une multitude de contraintes (l’Autre et le Résultat des processus antérieurs et à venir) et parmi lesquelles on note, entre autres, le contexte de vie particulier des communautés autochtones, les caractéristiques liées aux dossiers des jeunes, les partenaires légaux, etc. Aussi, au fil de leurs interactions avec les contextes, les choses et les différents « autruis » auprès desquels elles oeuvrent ou avec qui elles collaborent (interactionnisme symbolique), de même qu’au gré des savoirs construits (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995) qu’elles développent à mesure qu’elles gagnent en expérience, les intervenantes en sont venues à développer une façon particulière de prendre leurs décisions, façon qui, en fait, découle de pratiques silencieuses qui, ultimement, leur permettent de maintenir un certain équilibre au sein d’un système de protection peu adapté à la clientèle autochtone.
À cet égard, plusieurs recommandations ont été formulées, dont des recommandations pour les centres jeunesse, ceci dans le but de favoriser une pratique qui soit davantage adaptée aux jeunes Autochtones vivant des situations de compromission, de retrait et de placement ainsi qu’à leur famille.In Canada, Aboriginal children are over-represented in child welfare services as well as in different types of substitute care. In this sense, the goal of this project was the better understand the practice of child protection services workers in relation to decisions of compromise, family withdrawal from the family and placement (inter-ethnic or culturally matched) of Aboriginal youth. The specific objectives which flowed from this general objective were three in number: 1. explore, through the point of view of stakeholders working at the assessment/orientation stage, the decision-making process with regard to the compromise, or not, of the security or development of Aboriginal youth; 2. explore, through the point of view of stakeholders working at the assessment/orientation stage and application of measures stage, the decision-making process related to the withdrawal of Aboriginal youth from their family and their orientation towards an inter-ethnic or culturally matched foster family; 3. understand what are the factors which influence the decision-making of the interveners in the different stages of the process of reporting and application of measures in relation to the placement of Aboriginal youth. To carry out this project, the student-researcher carried out a first wave of data collection (seven focus groups made up of woman workers working in a child protection services located on the outskirts of major centres and providing services to several Aboriginal communities). Then, based on the elements that emerged from this material, a second wave proceeded, this time made up of sixteen one-on-one interviews, also carried out with workers working at the same child protection service. The methodology used is grounded theory, which is consistent with the theoretical framework (or sensitizing concepts) used, which refers to symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969) as well as reflective practice and the construction of knowledge (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995). The results obtained from these two phases have shown that the workers’ process has to the decisions concerning the situation of endangerment, withdrawal and placement of Aboriginal youth is highly subjective, dynamic and systemic. It refers to the intrinsic characteristics of the workers (the Self and Knowledge), through which they actually examine a multitude of constraints (the Other and the Result of past and future processes) and among which we note, among other things, the particular life context of Aboriginal communities, characteristics related to youth files, legal partners, etc. Also, throughout their interactions with contexts, things and different “others” with whom they work or with whom they collaborate (symbolic interactionism), as well as the knowledge they build (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995) that they develop as they gain experience, they have come to develop a particular way of making their decisions, a way that, in fact, stems from silent practices that, ultimately, allow them to maintain a certain balance within a protection system that is unsuitable for Aboriginal clients. In this regard, a number of recommendations were made, including recommendations for youth centres, with a view to promoting a practice that is more adapted to Aboriginal youth in endangered situations, withdrawal and placement and to their families.