Статті в журналах з теми "Polysaccharides used in cosmetics"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Polysaccharides used in cosmetics.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Polysaccharides used in cosmetics".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Johnson, Wilbur, Bart Heldreth, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel C. Liebler, et al. "Safety Assessment of Galactomannans as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 34, no. 1_suppl (July 2015): 35S—65S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581815586798.
Анотація:
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 16 galactomannans as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are legume polysaccharides that function mostly as hair/skin-conditioning agents and viscosity-increasing agents in cosmetic products. Their substantial molecular sizes suggest that skin penetration of these ingredients would be unlikely. The Panel concluded that these galactomannans are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
2
Fiume, Monice M., Bart Heldreth, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel C. Liebler, et al. "Safety Assessment of Microbial Polysaccharide Gums as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 35, no. 1_suppl (July 2016): 5S—49S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581816651606.
Анотація:
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of 34 microbial polysaccharide gums for use in cosmetics, finding that these ingredients are safe in cosmetic formulations in the present practices of use and concentration. The microbial polysaccharide gums named in this report have a variety of reported functions in cosmetics, including emulsion stabilizer, film former, binder, viscosity-increasing agent, and skin-conditioning agent. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data in making its determination of safety.
3
Lee, Meng-Chou, Han-Yang Yeh, and Wen-Ling Shih. "Extraction Procedure, Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090524.
Анотація:
The green alga Caulerpa microphysa, which is native to Taiwan, has a relatively high economic value and a well-developed culture technique, and is used mainly as a foodstuff. Its extract has been shown to exhibit antitumor properties, but the polysaccharide content of the extract and its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and moisture-absorption and -retention capacity remain unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the polysaccharides in C. microphysa extract (CME) for use in cosmetics. The overall polysaccharide yield from the CME was 73.93% w/w, with four molecular weight fractions. The polysaccharides comprised 59.36 mol% mannose, 27.16 mol% glucose, and 13.48 mol% galactose. In addition, the CME exhibited strong antiallergic, wound-healing, transdermal-delivery, and moisture-absorption and -retention effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that CME potentially has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and a good moisture capacity, which can be used in cosmetic applications.
4
Arora, Saroj, Davinder Singh, Ankita Rajput, Astha Bhatia, Avinash Kumar, Harneetpal Kaur, Palvi Sharma, et al. "Plant-Based Polysaccharides and their Health Functions." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v11i4.773.
Анотація:
Plants are valuable source of polysaccharides that make a large portion of our daily diet. These are natural polymers that are essential to sustain life. They provide high-value nutrition and positively help the immune system and improve the digestive properties. They also help in the elimination of toxic by-products from the human body. Polysaccharides and human health are inextricably linked and intertwined. These are also important components of the cell wall that provides its strength and integrity. Due to their indispensable role in human health, it is very important to know the different modifications and loss of nutritional value during the processing of plant material. Nowadays, these plant-based polysaccharides are used for diverse applications including wound dressing, drug delivery, laxative, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. As an emerging area of plant-based medicines to reduce the side effects of synthetic sources, these polysaccharides are used to enhance the immunogenic response against a specific antigen. This review envisages some important polysaccharides (e.g. mucilages and gums, glycosamine glycans and chitin/chitosan) and their medical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications, with emphasis on the relationship between their structure and function.Keywords: Polysaccharides; Nutrition; Health Functions; Cosmetics; Vaccine; Nutraceuticals
5
Ferreira, Marta Salvador, Diana I. S. P. Resende, José M. Sousa Lobo, Emília Sousa, and Isabel F. Almeida. "Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview." Marine Drugs 19, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19080464.
Анотація:
Marine ingredients are a source of new chemical entities with biological action, which is the reason why they have gained relevance in the cosmetic industry. The facial care category is the most relevant in this industry, and within it, the sensitive skin segment occupies a prominent position. This work analyzed the use of marine ingredients in 88 facial cosmetics for sensitive skin from multinational brands, as well as their composition and the scientific evidence that supports their efficacy. Marine ingredients were used in 27% of the cosmetic products for sensitive skin and included the species Laminaria ochroleuca, Ascophyllum nodosum (brown macroalgae), Asparagopsis armata (red macroalgae), and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae). Carotenoids, polysaccharides, and lipids are the chemical classes highlighted in these preparations. Two ingredients, namely the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and Asparagopsis armata extracts, present clinical evidence supporting their use for sensitive skin. Overall, marine ingredients used in cosmetics for sensitive skin are proposed to reduce skin inflammation and improve the barrier function. Marine-derived preparations constitute promising active ingredients for sensitive skin cosmetic products. Their in-depth study, focusing on the extracted metabolites, randomized placebo-controlled studies including volunteers with sensitive skin, and the use of extraction methods that are more profitable may provide a great opportunity for the cosmetic industry.
6
Dalmoro, Annalisa, Sara Cascone, Gaetano Lamberti, and Anna Angela Barba. "Encapsulation of Active Molecules in Microparticles Based on Natural Polysaccharides." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 6 (June 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200608.
Анотація:
This mini-review is focused on an engineering approach to produce polysaccharides-based microparticles for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes. A brief introduction about the fundamental properties of polysaccharides and their use as microsystems in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, and a summary of the most important methods of preparation are described. Then, a novel method based on the ultrasonic atomization of solutions of the two most used polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, followed by ionotropic gelation to produce enteric microsystems for oral administration and, in particular, the basic mechanisms of the encapsulation of molecules with different size and hydrophilicity, are investigated. This mini-review will show therefore the pathway to correctly design a polysaccharide microcarrier for the encapsulation of active molecules with different properties: from the choice of materials features, to the selection and the optimization of production methods with the aim to reduce costs and energy (ionotropic gelation coupled to ultrasonic atomization), to the control of the final carrier size (by purposely developed predictive models), at last to the optimization of encapsulation properties (predicting by model the drug leakage and providing different solutions to avoid it).
7
Raschip, Irina Elena, Cornelia Vasile, Diana Ciolacu, and Georgeta Cazacu. "Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks Containing Polysaccharides. I Xanthan/Lignin Networks." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (October 2007): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008307081202.
Анотація:
The polysaccharides are important materials in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and related biomedical applications. Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial significance. It is well known as one of the best thickening polymers due to its high intrinsic stiffness related to the helical conformation stabilized in the presence of excess salt. It is used in a wide variety of foods for a number of important reasons, including emulsion stabilization, temperature stability, compatibility with food ingredients, and its pseudoplastic rheological properties. Due to its properties in thickening aqueous solutions, as a dispersing agent, and stabilizer of emulsions and suspensions, xanthan gum is used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and agricultural products, as well as in textile printing pastes, ceramic glazes, slurry explosive formulations, and rust removers. In this work the crosslinking of a mixture of xanthan and lignins in the presence of the epichlorohydrin, leading to superabsorbant hydrogels with high swelling rate in aqueous mediums, was studied. The swelling properties of these composite hydrogels were investigated. Three different types of lignin have been used namely: aspen wood lignin (L), annual fiber crop lignin (GL) and lignin epoxy-modified resin (LER). Semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels in various ratios were prepared. The influence of gravimetric ratio between components of the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, as well as the kinetics of water sorption will be discussed. The maximum swelling degree of the hydrogels and the swelling rate constant were determined as a function of the hydrogel's composition. It has been established that the nature of lignin significantly influences swelling process, the chemical modified lignin having a particular behavior.
8
Tafuro, Giovanni, Alessia Costantini, Giovanni Baratto, Stefano Francescato, Laura Busata, and Alessandra Semenzato. "Characterization of Polysaccharidic Associations for Cosmetic Use: Rheology and Texture Analysis." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (June 26, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030062.
Анотація:
As public attention on sustainability is increasing, the use of polysaccharides as rheological modifiers in skin-care products is becoming the first choice. Polysaccharide associations can be used to increase the spreading properties of products and to optimize their sensorial profile. Since the choice of natural raw materials for cosmetics is wide, instrumental methodologies are useful for formulators to easily characterize the materials and to create mixtures with specific applicative properties. In this work, we performed rheological and texture analyses on samples formulated with binary and ternary associations of polysaccharides to investigate their structural and mechanical features as a function of the concentration ratios. The rheological measurements were conducted under continuous and oscillatory flow conditions using a rotational rheometer. An immersion/de-immersion test conducted with a texture analyzer allowed us to measure some textural parameters. Sclerotium gum and iota-carrageenan imparted high viscosity, elasticity, and firmness in the system; carob gum and pectin influenced the viscoelastic properties and determined high adhesiveness and cohesiveness. The results indicated that these natural polymers combined in appropriate ratios can provide a wide range of different textures and that the use of these two complementary techniques represents a valid pre-screening tool for the formulation of green products.
9
Almeida, Tânia, Armando J. D. Silvestre, Carla Vilela, and Carmen S. R. Freire. "Bacterial Nanocellulose toward Green Cosmetics: Recent Progresses and Challenges." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062836.
Анотація:
In the skin care field, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a versatile polysaccharide produced by non-pathogenic acetic acid bacteria, has received increased attention as a promising candidate to replace synthetic polymers (e.g., nylon, polyethylene, polyacrylamides) commonly used in cosmetics. The applicability of BNC in cosmetics has been mainly investigated as a carrier of active ingredients or as a structuring agent of cosmetic formulations. However, with the sustainability issues that are underway in the highly innovative cosmetic industry and with the growth prospects for the market of bio-based products, a much more prominent role is envisioned for BNC in this field. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent (last 5 years) and relevant developments and challenges in the research of BNC applied to cosmetic, aiming at inspiring future research to go beyond in the applicability of this exceptional biotechnological material in such a promising area.
10
Raposo, Maria, Rui De Morais, and Alcina Bernardo de Morais. "Bioactivity and Applications of Sulphated Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae." Marine Drugs 11, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11010233.
Анотація:
Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans, such as Arthrospira (formerly, Spirulina), and for animals in aquaculture. The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits. The present review puts up-to-date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides, active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae, which are, most of the times, released into the surrounding medium (exo- or extracellular polysaccharides, EPS). It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides (sPS) or their derivatives, but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic, or as biolubricant agents and drag-reducers. Therefore, the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals, therapeutic agents, cosmetics, or in other areas, such as engineering, are approached in this review.
11
Lakshmi, D. Shanthana, Sivashunmugam Sankaranarayanan, Tejal K. Gajaria, Guoqiang Li, Wojciech Kujawski, Joanna Kujawa, and Rodrigo Navia. "A Short Review on the Valorization of Green Seaweeds and Ulvan: FEEDSTOCK for Chemicals and Biomaterials." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10070991.
Анотація:
This short review analyzed the recent trend towards, progresses towards the preparation of chemicals of, and value-added biomaterials from marine macroalgae resources, especially green seaweeds and their derived ulvan polysaccharides for various applications. In recent years, ulvan both in pristine and modified forms has gained a large amount of attention for its effective utilization in various areas due to its unique physiochemical properties, lack of exploration, and higher green seaweed production. The pristine form of ulvan (sulfated polysaccharides) is used as a bio-component; food ingredient; or a raw material for the production of numerous chemicals such as fuels, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, whereas its modified form is used in the sector of composites, membranes, and scaffolds, among others, because of its physicochemical properties. This review highlights the utilization of green seaweed and its derived ulvan polysaccharides for the preparation of numerous chemicals (e.g., solvents, fuel, and gas) and also value-added biomaterials with various morphologies (e.g., gels, fibers, films, scaffolds, nanomaterials, and composites).
12
Tuaputty, Hasan. "Yeast Concentration, pH, and Fermentation Time on the Production and Concentration of Bioethanol Made from Sargassum crassifolium as a Renewable Energy Source." Biosel: Biology Science and Education 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/bs.v9i1.1317.
Анотація:
Sargassum crassifolium is one type of brown algae which has many benefits and has a high economic value. It has a relatively short harvest age. It is widespread in Indonesia's marine waters with high production potential, but the production is still largely from the harvest of natural supplies. Sargassum contains a lot of alginate polysaccharides that are used for food-beverage, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, it also contains other types of polysaccharides namely cellulose (part of the cell wall), manithol (as stored carbohydrates) and fucoidan. The cellulose content in Sargassum ranges from 23.97 to 35.22%. Thus, it can be processed into a raw material in the production of bioethanol. The results of the research showed that the yeast concentration 3%, the medium pH 7, and fermentation time 72 hours gave the best results in increasing the production and content of bioethanol made from Sargassum crasifolium.
13
Szwarc, Dawid, and Marcin Zieliński. "Effect of Lighting on the Intensification of Phycocyanin Production in a Culture of Arthrospira platensis." Proceedings 2, no. 20 (October 22, 2018): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201305.
Анотація:
The global market shows high demand for products of natural origin to reduce the use of synthetic substances in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. One of the opportunities for acquiring natural compounds of industrial value is the use of cyanobacteria biomass. In terms of biomass composition, cyanobacteria of the species Arthrospira platensis deserve particular attention. They are characterised by high contents of protein, γ-linolenic acid, polysaccharides, β-carotene, chlorophyll and phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex widely used in the food and cosmetics industry. It is also used as fluorescent probes in histochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and fluorescence immunoassay. Due to the extensive use of phycocyanin in various industries, a high demand for this pigment is generated, which determines the search for methods of intensifying phycocyanin production by the cells of A. platensis. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of light of different wavelengths on phycocyanin productivity by cyanobacteria of the species Arthrospira platensis. The highest biomass concentration and phycocyanin concentration were obtained in a culture using Red LED lighting.
14
Casadidio, Cristina, Dolores Vargas Peregrina, Maria Rosa Gigliobianco, Siyuan Deng, Roberta Censi, and Piera Di Martino. "Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science." Marine Drugs 17, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060369.
Анотація:
Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood companies. Presently, politicians, environmentalists, and industrialists encourage the use of these marine polysaccharides as a renewable source developed by alternative eco-friendly processes, especially in the production of regular cosmetics. The aim of this review is to outline the physicochemical and biological properties and the different bioextraction methods of chitin and chitosan sources, focusing on enzymatic deproteinization, bacteria fermentation, and enzymatic deacetylation methods. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, the applications of these marine polymers are widely used in the contemporary manufacturing of biomedical and pharmaceutical products. In the end, advanced cosmetics based on chitin and chitosans are presented, analyzing different therapeutic aspects regarding skin, hair, nail, and oral care. The innovative formulations described can be considered excellent candidates for the prevention and treatment of several diseases associated with different body anatomical sectors.
15
Khusainov, I. A., E. R. Yakubov, Z. A. Kanarskaya, A. V. Kanarskiy, I. A. Maximova, and A. V. Kachalkin. "Efficiency of synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides strains of Lipomyces yeast." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-269-277.
Анотація:
The formation of extracellular polysaccharides is a fairly well-studied property of bacteria that is used for the industrial production of such extracellular bacterial as xanthan, dextran, gellan, hyaluronan, etc.. Polysaccharides synthesized by fungi are also widely used, such as schizophillan and scleroglucan. However, polysaccharides synthesized by yeast and yeast-like fungi have not yet found wide industrial application, with the exception of pullulan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans yeast, although there are a number of promising developments in the use of yeast polysaccharides in medicine. Yeast synthesizes polymers that contain mannans, glucans, phosphomannans, galactomannans, and glucuronoxylmannans. Polysaccharides produced by different species, and sometimes even by different strains of the same species, may differ in chemical composition and structure. Such a variety of composition and properties opens up great prospects for their use in various fields: medicine, chemical, food and cosmetic industries, as well as feed additives. In this regard, the search for new producers of polysaccharides is very relevant. Yeast of the genus Lipomyces is found in the soils of the southern and northern hemispheres of the Earth, except in the high-mountainous regions and tundra soils, where soil formation processes are in early stages of development, but the soils are rich in steppe and forest zones. As a result of the research, it turns out that from the point of view of biomass growth on the presented nutrient medium at the temperatures studied, the strains of the Lipomyces lipofer yeast КБП Y-6267 and КБП Y-6265 attract the most attention, especially at low temperatures. With an increase in temperature, the increase in biomass in these yeasts decreases markedly. As producers of extracellular polysaccharide, it is worth noting the КБП Y-6267 and КБП Y-6264 strains at 20 °C and the КБП Y-6268 strains and the КБП Y-6234 at 30 °C, which indicates the possibility of using for these purposes different species of the genus Lipomyces. At 30 °C, Lipomyces lipofer strains of the КБП Y-6268 and Lipomyces kononenkoae КБП Y-6234 had the highest enzyme activities, however, there was no relationship between enzyme activities, biomass gains and polysaccharide yields at low temperatures.
16
Wang, Bulei, Yan Xu, Lijun Chen, Guangming Zhao, Zeyuan Mi, Dinghao Lv, and Junfeng Niu. "Optimizing the Extraction of Polysaccharides from Bletilla ochracea Schltr. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Evaluating their Antioxidant Activity." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030341.
Анотація:
Bletilla ochracea Schltr. polysaccharides (BOP) have a similar structure to Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (Orchidaceae) polysaccharides (BSP). Therefore, BOP can be considered as a substitute for BSP in the food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics fields. To the best of our knowledge, little information is available regarding the optimization of extraction and antioxidant activity of BOP. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was firstly used for optimizing the extraction parameters of BOP. The results suggested that the optimal conditions included a temperature of 82 °C, a duration of 85 min and a liquid/material ratio of 30 mL/g. In these conditions, we received 26.45% ± 0.18% as the experimental yield. In addition, BOP exhibited strong concentration-dependent antioxidant abilities in vitro. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of BOP against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+·), hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion (·O2−) radicals and ferrous ions (Fe2+) were determined as 692.16, 224.09, 542.22, 600.53 and 515.70 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that BOP can be a potential natural antioxidant, deserving further investigation.
17
Milenkovic, Ivana, Ksenija Radotic, Branko Matovic, Marija Prekajski, Ljiljana Zivkovic, Dragica Jakovljevic, Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic, and Vladimir Beskoski. "Improving stability of cerium oxide nanoparticles by microbial polysaccharides coating." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 83, no. 6 (2018): 745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc171205031m.
Анотація:
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CONPs) are interesting biomaterials with various applications in biomedicine, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry, but with limited practical application because of their low stability in aqueous media. The aim of this study was to obtain CONPs with increased stability by coating the particles. Microbial exopolysaccharides (levan, pullulan) and glucose were used to prepare CONPs under different synthesis conditions. Coating was attempted by adding the carbohydrates during (direct coating) or after (subsequent coating) the synthesis of CONPs. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The suspension stability of the uncoated and coated CONPs in aqueous media was evaluated by measuring the hydrodynamic size, zeta potential and turbidity. The FT-IR spectra revealed the differences between coated CONPs and showed the success of subsequent coating with carbohydrates. Coating with carbohydrates improved the stability the CONP suspension by decreasing the size of aggregated particles. The suspensions of levan- and glucose-coated CONPs had the best stability. In this study, CONPs were prepared using non-toxic materials, which were completely environmentally friendly. The obtained results open new horizons for CONP synthesis, improving their biological applications.
18
Bokov, D. O., M. S. Sokurenko, A. D. Malinkin, E. P. Khromchenkova, L. V. Shevyakova, and V. V. Bessonov. "Physiochemical Features, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Present Status and Application Prospects of Polysaccharide Gums." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance 11, no. 01 (January 25, 2013): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.1.24.
Анотація:
Gums, generally plant-derived polysaccharides, have been widely used in various fields of the pharmaceutical and food industries in recent years. Natural gums are formed as a result of a protective reaction to plant damage or due to negative conditions (drought), as a result of the destruction of cell walls (gummosis); also bacteria cultures, seaweeds can serve as gum sources. Gums are of great interest due to the wide application spectrum; it is based both on their physicotechnological (structure-forming agents) and the biological properties (inertness). This is an important factor in the development of food products and drugs. They also find applications in cosmetics, inks, paper, and textiles. The article aims to summarize the numerous obtained data and to establish current and prospects for gum quality control and application.
19
Pati, Mitali Priyadarsini, Satyabrata Das Sharma, Lakshman Nayak, and Chita Ranjan Panda. "USES OF SEAWEED AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN WELFARE: A REVIEW." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 10 (August 12, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.12740.
Анотація:
<p>Seaweed research has been carried out for more than seven decades by many research workers. Research has been done separately in different aspects accordingly to our need. The main objective of the present review is to gather information relating to nutritional, pharmacological, clinical, biochemical, industrial uses and its application to human welfare. Seaweeds have a high concentration of essential vitamins, trace elements, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, enzymes, and minerals as compared to terrestrial foodstuffs. These plants have been a source of food, fodder, medicine, cosmetics, energy, fertilizer and are used for industrial production of agar and alginate. Their recent utilization increases in poultry due to their nutritive value. In the present scenario, it is being used for wastewater treatment such as treatment of wastewater to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus containing compounds. This review work is an attempt to highlights all the relevant application and uses of seaweeds and its products. Finally, this paper would be helpful to a common man to know and aware about such a great living resources which is present in and around us.<strong></strong></p>
20
Siregar, Rizki Febriansyah, Joko Santoso, and Uju Uju. "Physico Chemical Characteristic of Kappa Carrageenan Degraded Using Hydrogen Peroxide." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, no. 3 (December 26, 2016): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.14532.
Анотація:
Kappa carrageenan is polysaccharide that widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and printing industries as coagulate agent, stabilizer and gelling agent. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is strong oxidator to degrade polysaccharide. Hydrogen peroxide has some advantades such as cheap, easy to get and savety environment. Degradation method using hydrogen peroxide is a technology based on establishment radical hydoxile reactive that attack the glycosidic of polysaccharides as a result reducing in molecular weight of polysaccharide. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time to molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan. Structural changes on kappa carrageenan degradation were characterized by viscometer, SEM and FTIR. Hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time were significantly reducing molecular weight and changes in the structural function of refined kappa carrageenan. The lowest molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan degraded was obtained from the treatment 3% of hydrogen peroxide at temperature 80°C and degradation time for 4 hours.
21
Dong, Mingshuang, Yanhui Jiang, Chun Wang, Qian Yang, Xiaolu Jiang, and Changliang Zhu. "Determination of the Extraction, Physicochemical Characterization, and Digestibility of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Seaweed—Porphyra haitanensis." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110539.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to extract Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) using the water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods and explore their antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties. The single-factor and Box-Behnken response surface methodologies were used to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis. Our results showed that the polysaccharide yield was as high as 20.48% with a raw material to water ratio of 0.04, and extraction time of 3 h at 80 °C. The extraction rate observed was similar to the actual extraction rate, thus proving the reliability of the optimization model. The extracted polysaccharides primarily consisted of galactose, glucose, and fucose in the molar ratio 76.2:2.1:1, respectively. The high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) results showed that the molecular weight of the PHPs obtained was 6.3 × 105 Da, and the sulfate content was 2.7 mg/mL. Fourier infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the functional groups and structures of the polysaccharides. The effect of concentration, temperature, and pH on the apparent viscosity of the PHPs solution were studied using rheology experiments, which revealed that PHPs were a “non-Newtonian fluid” with shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of the PHPs gradually increased with increasing sugar concentration, and decreased with increasing temperature, acidity, and alkalinity. Detection of the antioxidant activity of OH*, DPPH*, and ABTS* revealed that the scavenging activity of ABTS* was higher than that of OH* and DPPH* in the concentration range of 1–5 mg/mL. In the experiments of simulating gastric juice and alpha amylase in vitro, it was found that PHPs can better resist digestion of alpha amylase, and have better resistance than fructooligosaccharide (FOS), so PHPs have potential prebiotic activity. These findings demonstrate the potential of PHPs for use in the food and cosmetic industries.
22
Yu, Hyo Gyeong, Hong Geun Ji, Ju Duck Kim, and Hye In Jang. "New Anti-Aging and Anti-Wrinkle Material: Properties and Activities of Nanoparticle Containing Poly(Aspartic Acid) Derivatives." Journal of Nano Research 59 (August 2019): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.59.57.
Анотація:
Polymers such as sodium polyacrylate; polysaccharides in starch; polyamino acids, which are the products of alpha-amino acid condensation; and polypeptides are widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. They are used as viscosity agent, emulsifying agent, and carriers for drug delivery. However, we studied the function of polymers as activity agent, especially that of synthesized poly(aspartic acid). Poly(aspartic acid) is a biocompatible synthetic polymer. It is a water-soluble polyamide containing carboxylic pendants prepared from polysuccinimide, the polycondensate of aspartic acid monomer, by hydrolysis. In this study, we prepared poly(aspartic acid) derivatives conjugated with L-lysine or L-lysine and other materials. The chemical structure of these polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, these novel poly(aspartic acid) derivatives stimulated typeⅠcollagen biosynthesis and inhibited MMP-1(collagenase) activity. We could conclude that the microfludization process improved skin permeability and confirmed better permeability than that achieved with existing nano emulsions.
23
Golak-Siwulska, Iwona, Alina Kałużewicz, Tomasz Spiżewski, Marek Siwulski, and Krzysztof Sobieralski. "Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.)." Folia Horticulturae 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2018-0012.
Анотація:
Abstract There are about 40 species in the Pleurotus genus, including those with high economic significance, i.e. P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms are of high nutritional and health-promoting value. In addition, many species belonging to the Pleurotus genus have been used as sources of substances with documented medicinal properties, such as high-molecular weight bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, peptides and proteins) and low-molecular weight compounds (terpenoids, fatty acid esters and polyphenols). The bioactive substances contained in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus species exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidative properties. Their multidirectional positive influence on the human organism is the result of interaction of bioactive substances. Extracts from individual Pleurotus species can be used for the production of dietary supplements increasing the organism’s immunity. They are also used for the production of cosmetics. They can be added to functional foods as probiotics, or used as natural preservatives or ingredients of special foodstuffs for patients with specific diseases.
24
Siregar, Rizky Febriansyah, Joko Santoso, and Uju Uju. "Physico Chemical Characteristic of Kappa Carrageenan Degraded Using Hydrogen Peroxide." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.15085.
Анотація:
<p>Abstract<br />Kappa carrageenan is polysaccharide that widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and printing industries as coagulate agent, stabilizer and gelling agent. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is strong oxidator to degrade polysaccharide. Hydrogen peroxide has some advantades such as cheap, easy to get and savety environment. Degradation method using hydrogen peroxide is a technology based on establishment radical hydoxile reactive that attack the glycosidic of polysaccharides as a result reducing in molecular weight of polysaccharide. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time to molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan. Structural changes on kappa carrageenan degradation were characterized by viscometer, SEM and FTIR. Hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and degradation time were significantly reducing molecular weight and changes in the structural function of refined kappa carrageenan. The lowest molecular weight of refined kappa carrageenan degraded was obtained from the treatment 3% of hydrogen peroxide at temperature 80°C and degradation time for 4 hours.<br /><br /></p>
25
Potocki, Leszek, Bernadetta Oklejewicz, Ewelina Kuna, Ewa Szpyrka, Magdalena Duda, and Janusz Zuczek. "Application of Green Algal Planktochlorella nurekis Biomasses to Modulate Growth of Selected Microbial Species." Molecules 26, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134038.
Анотація:
As microalgae are producers of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins and unique secondary metabolites, microalgal biotechnology has gained attention in recent decades. Microalgae can be used for biomass production and to obtain biotechnologically important products. Here, we present the application of a method of producing a natural, biologically active composite obtained from unicellular microalgae of the genus Planktochlorella sp. as a modulator of the growth of microorganisms that can be used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries by exploiting the phenomenon of photo-reprogramming of metabolism. The combination of red and blue light allows the collection of biomass with unique biochemical profiles, especially fatty acid composition (Patent Application P.429620). The ethanolic and water extracts of algae biomass inhibited the growth of a number of pathogenic bacteria, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus PCM 458, Streptococcus pyogenes PCM 2318, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli PCM 2209 and Candida albicans ATCC 14053. The algal biocomposite obtained according to our procedure can be used also as a prebiotic supplement. The presented technology may allow the limitation of the use of antibiotics and environmentally harmful chemicals commonly used in preparations against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli or Candida spp.
26
Drouillard, Sophie, Rémi Chambon, Isabelle Jeacomine, Laurine Buon, Claire Boisset, Anthony Courtois, Bertrand Thollas, Pierre-Yves Morvan, Romuald Vallée, and William Helbert. "Structure of the Polysaccharide Secreted by Vibrio alginolyticus CNCM I-5035 (Epidermist 4.0TM)." Marine Drugs 18, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18100509.
Анотація:
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-5035) secretes an exopolysaccharide used as ingredient in cosmetic industry under the trademark Epidermist 4.0TM. It is appreciated for its ability to improve the physical and chemical barrier functions of the skin by notably increasing the keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal renewal. Composition analyses and in depth characterization of the polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolyses revealed that it was composed of a repetition unit of three residues: d-galactose (d-Gal), d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and l-N-acetylguluronic acid, of which 30% (M/M) was acetylated in position 3. The complete structure of the polysaccharide was resolved giving the repetition unit: [→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→4)-α-l-GulNAcA/α-l-3OAc-GulNAcA-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→].
27
Ozdal, Murat, and Esabi Başaran Kurbanoglu. "Use of Chicken Feather Peptone and Sugar Beet Molasses as Low Cost Substrates for Xanthan Production by Xanthomonas campestris MO-03." Fermentation 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010009.
Анотація:
Xanthan gum is one of the polysaccharides most commonly used in a broad range of industries (food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, etc.). Agro-industrial by-products are being explored as alternative low-cost nutrients to produce xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris. In this study, for the production of xanthan gum, sugar beet molasses and chicken feather peptone (CFP) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. X. campestris produced the highest level of xanthan gum (20.5 g/L) at 60 h of cultivation using sugar beet molasses (40 g/L total sugar) supplemented with CFP (4 g/L) at pH 7, 200 rpm, and 30 °C. The pyruvic acid content of the xanthan gums increased with increasing CFP concentration. Compared with commercial organic nitrogen sources (tryptone, bacto peptone, and yeast extract), the highest production of xanthan gum was obtained with CFP. Moreover, among the tested peptones, the highest pyruvic acid (3.2%, w/w) content was obtained from CFP. The usage of sugar beet molasses and CFP as substrates in industries would enable a cost-efficient commercial production. These results suggest that sugar beet molasses and CFP can be used as available low-cost substrates for xanthan gum production by X. campestris.
28
Shen, Shi-gang, Ya-hui Lin, Dong-xue Zhao, Yi-kai Wu, Rong-rong Yan, Hua-bing Zhao, Zhi-lei Tan, Shi-ru Jia, and Pei-pei Han. "Comparisons of Functional Properties of Polysaccharides from Nostoc flagelliforme under Three Culture Conditions." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020263.
Анотація:
Nostoc flagelliforme is an edible cyanobacterium with excellent food and herbal values. It has been used as food in China for more than 2000 years. Many studies have been focused on improving the yield and bioactivity of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides although these have ignored the functional properties. In this study, we extracted and purified three polysaccharides (WL-CPS, NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS) from Nostoc flagelliforme under normal, salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions, respectively, in order to change the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides with the aim of obtaining better functional properties. Both salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions increased the specific yield of polysaccharides. Their functional properties were comparatively investigated and the results showed that NaCl-CPS exhibited the highest emulsification activity and flocculation capability, which was also higher than that of some commercial products. In contrast, Glu-CPS exhibited the highest water and oil holding capacities, foaming property, intrinsic viscosity and bile acids binding capacity. Our results indicated that both NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS could be considered to be functional polysaccharides according to their respective characteristics, which have great potential in numerous applications, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and mineral industries. These findings also demonstrated the potential application of the proper regulation of culture conditions in the development of polysaccharides with desired functional properties.
29
Rigano, Luigi, Miriam Deola, Francesca Zaccariotto, Thomas Colleoni, and Nicola Lionetti. "A New Gelling Agent and Rheology Modifier in Cosmetics: Caesalpinia spinosa Gum." Cosmetics 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020034.
Анотація:
Caesalpinia spinosa gum is a vegetal polysaccharide obtained by grinding the endosperm of Caesalpinia spinosa seeds. It is commonly used as a rheology modifier in food industry. Its rheological behavior, compatibility with common cosmetic ingredients, and application as a thickener in different types of cosmetic formulations were investigated in this article. At low concentrations (0.1–0.2%) the behavior is Newtonian; at higher percentages (0.5–2.0%) it is pseudoplastic without thixotropy. The gum was tested in combination with salts, chelating agents, humectants, thickeners, pigments, nano UV filters, surfactants, conditioners, and ethanol, as well as in acidic/alkaline conditions. The wide compatibility and the interesting sensory profile, even in association with other thickeners, make the Caesalpinia spinosa gum a very promising ingredient for the thickening of various cosmetic products.
30
Bustamante-Brito, Rafael, Arturo Vera-Ponce de León, Mónica Rosenblueth, Julio Martínez-Romero, and Esperanza Martínez-Romero. "Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Bacterial Symbiont Dactylopiibacterium carminicum from the Carmine Cochineal Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae)." Life 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010004.
Анотація:
The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces high amounts of carminic acid, which has historically been used as a pigment by pre-Hispanic American cultures. Nowadays carmine is found in food, cosmetics, and textiles. Metagenomic approaches revealed that Dactylopius spp. cochineals contain two Wolbachia strains, a betaproteobacterium named Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum and Spiroplasma, in addition to different fungi. We describe here a transcriptomic analysis indicating that Dactylopiibacterium is metabolically active inside the insect host, and estimate that there are over twice as many Dactylopiibacterium cells in the hemolymph than in the gut, with even fewer in the ovary. Albeit scarce, the transcripts in the ovaries support the presence of Dactylopiibacterium in this tissue and a vertical mode of transmission. In the cochineal, Dactylopiibacterium may catabolize plant polysaccharides, and be active in carbon and nitrogen provisioning through its degradative activity and by fixing nitrogen. In most insects, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in the gut, but in this study they are shown to occur in the hemolymph, probably delivering essential amino acids and riboflavin to the host from nitrogen substrates derived from nitrogen fixation.
31
Cimino, Rita, Sukhvir Kaur Bhangu, Anshul Baral, Muthupandian Ashokkumar, and Francesca Cavalieri. "Ultrasound-Assisted Microencapsulation of Soybean Oil and Vitamin D Using Bare Glycogen Nanoparticles." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 5157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175157.
Анотація:
Ultrasonically synthesized core-shell microcapsules can be made of synthetic polymers or natural biopolymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and have found applications in food, drug delivery and cosmetics. This study reports on the ultrasonic synthesis of microcapsules using unmodified (natural) and biodegradable glycogen nanoparticles derived from various sources, such as rabbit and bovine liver, oyster and sweet corn, for the encapsulation of soybean oil and vitamin D. Depending on their source, glycogen nanoparticles exhibited differences in size and ‘bound’ proteins. We optimized various synthetic parameters, such as ultrasonic power, time and concentration of glycogens and the oil phase to obtain stable core-shell microcapsules. Particularly, under ultrasound-induced emulsification conditions (sonication time 45 s and sonication power 160 W), native glycogens formed microcapsules with diameter between 0.3 μm and 8 μm. It was found that the size of glycogen as well as the protein component play an important role in stabilizing the Pickering emulsion and the microcapsules shell. This study highlights that native glycogen nanoparticles without any further tedious chemical modification steps can be successfully used for the encapsulation of nutrients.
32
Orejuela-Escobar, Lourdes, Arleth Gualle, Valeria Ochoa-Herrera, and George P. Philippidis. "Prospects of Microalgae for Biomaterial Production and Environmental Applications at Biorefineries." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 3063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063063.
Анотація:
Microalgae are increasingly viewed as renewable biological resources for a wide range of chemical compounds that can be used as or transformed into biomaterials through biorefining to foster the bioeconomy of the future. Besides the well-established biofuel potential of microalgae, key microalgal bioactive compounds, such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, and polyphenols, possess a wide range of biomedical and nutritional attributes. Hence, microalgae can find value-added applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, personal care, animal food, and agricultural industries. Microalgal biomass can be processed into biomaterials for use in dyes, paints, bioplastics, biopolymers, and nanoparticles, or as hydrochar and biochar in solid fuel cells and soil amendments. Equally important is the use of microalgae in environmental applications, where they can serve in heavy metal bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and carbon sequestration thanks to their nutrient uptake and adsorptive properties. The present article provides a comprehensive review of microalgae specifically focused on biomaterial production and environmental applications in an effort to assess their current status and spur further deployment into the commercial arena.
33
Necas, J., and L. Bartosikova. "Carrageenan: a review." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 4 (May 7, 2013): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6758-vetmed.
Анотація:
Carrageenan is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. The name Carrageenan is derived from the Chondrus crispus species of seaweed known as Carrageen Moss or Irish Moss in England, and Carraigin in Ireland. Carraigin has been used in Ireland since 400 AD as a gelatin and as a home remedy to cure coughs and colds. It grows along the coasts of North America and Europe. Carrageenans are used in a variety of commercial applications as gelling, thickening, and stabilising agents, especially in food products and sauces. Aside from these functions, carrageenans are used in experimental medicine, pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and industrial applications.
34
Ebrahimi, Behzad, Aziz H. Rad, and Babak Ghanbarzadeh. "Gums from Indigenous Plants of Iran: A Review on Physicochemical, Rheological and Functional Properties." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 8 (September 10, 2020): 1209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316666200217121159.
Анотація:
Background: Recently, public interests have increased to study novel and vernacular polysaccharides due to their various uses, especially in food formulations as well as pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines. Plant-based gums are commercially produced from a large number of plants that include complex polysaccharides. Scope and Approach: he present study has summarized physicochemical, rheological and functional properties of tragacanth, basil seed and balangu gums from indigenous plants of Iran. Conclusion: The results of this review study demonstrate that the highlighted gums are commonly used as dietary fibers, thickening agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers and drug delivery agents. The general appearance of gums varies from dark-brown to whitish in color. At various concentrations, pH and ionic strengths, aqueous dispersions show great variations in their rheological behavior. In conclusion, industrial applications of these gums are possible as a result of their strong thickening properties. Additionally, significant surface activity and emulsification capacity enable their application in the food, pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic industries.
35
Pereira, Leonel. "Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Substances and Skin Care Therapy—Cosmeceuticals, Algotheraphy, and Thalassotherapy." Cosmetics 5, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040068.
Анотація:
Riverine, estuarine, and coastal populations have always used algae in the development of home remedies that were then used to treat diverse health problems. The empirical knowledge of various generations originated these applications, and their mechanism of action is, in most cases, unknown, that is, few more scientific studies would have been described beyond simple collection and ethnographic recording. Nevertheless, recent investigations, carried out with the purpose of analyzing the components and causes that alter the functioning and the balance of our organism, are already giving their first results. Water, and especially sea water is considered as essential to life on our planet. It sings all the substances necessary and conducive to the development of the living being (minerals, catalysts, vitamins, amino acids, etc.). Oceans cover over 70% of Earth, being home to up to 90% of the organisms in the planet. Many rich resources and unique environments are provided by the ocean. Additionally, bioactive compounds that multiple marine organisms have a great potential to produce can be used as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Both primary and secondary metabolites are produced by algae. The first ones are directly implicated in development, normal growth, or reproduction conditions to perform physiological functions. Stress conditions, like temperature changes, salinity, environmental pollutants, or UV radiation exposure cause the performance of secondary metabolites. In algae, proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and amino acids are primary metabolites and phenolic compounds, pigments, vitamins, sterols, and other bioactive agents, all produced in algae tissues, are secondary metabolites. These algal active constituents have direct relevance in cosmetics.
36
Nege, Aondohemba Samuel, Endang Dewi Masithah, and Junaidi Khotib. "Trends in the Uses of Spirulina Microalga: A mini-review." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i1.17506.
Анотація:
HighlightsTrends in the uses of Spirulina over different decades were critically examinedFindings from surveyed literature indicated that Spirulina utilization was mainly focused on its food and feed potential before the last 20-30 yearsThe review observed that research focused on the health and pharmaceutical uses, biofertilizer, bioplastic, cosmetic, bioenergy and pollution control applications of Spirulina are trends that sprouted out within the last 20-25 years.The review has successfully compiled numerous uses of Spirulina microalga for easy readership by readers since many studies have been performed on the uses Spirulina but reviews of this type spanning through different beneficial aspects of Spirulina are still scarce. Hence, this review fills such gap. AbstractThere is a need to have a single document that summarises the present day uses of Spirulina. In this review, the research trend on the health and other applications of Spirulina microalga was critically evaluated. In terms of the health uses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunostimulant effects of Spirulina were emphasized. Other uses of the microalga discussed include the use of Spirulina for human and animal food, bioenergy, pollution and ecotoxicology control, cosmetics, bioplastics and biofertilizers. Literature search revealed that Spirulina polysaccharides, phycocyanin size and content play a role in antioxidant activity and DNA repair. The double bonds and positions of –COOH and –OH in Spirulina phenol content and γ-linolenic fatty acids (γ-LFA) have antimicrobial activity. Some compounds in Spirulina improve immune, increase survival rate and enhance distribution of proteins like hepcidin and TNF-α in animal models. High protein, vitamins, fatty acids (FAs) and glycoproteins in Spirulina are easily digestible due to its lack of cellulose and can improve human and livestock growth. Spirulina produces biodegradable and non-toxic biodiesel and useful co-products. Absorption of heavy metals by chemisorption occurs in Spirulina. Phycocyanin and β-carotene of Spirulina increase skin health, Spirulina also cause high cell proliferation and aids wound healing. Bioplastics produced from Spirulina are biodegradable, non-toxic with high blends. Biofertilizers from Spirulina have little or no residual risks, adds soil Nitrogen through Spirulina Nitrogen fixation ability. In addition, the survey of published works on Spirulina for the past two decades indicates that more research is been carried out in recent years using Spirulina, especially studies involving its health potentials and those concerned with molecular analysis. In conclusion, Spirulina is an exceptional commodity with numerous applications, and probably, some of its compounds causing those effects are yet to be isolated and that is one area for further research.
37
Ansari, Siddique Akber, Pietro Matricardi, Claudia Cencetti, Chiara Di Meo, Maria Carafa, Claudia Mazzuca, Antonio Palleschi, Donatella Capitani, Franco Alhaique, and Tommasina Coviello. "Sonication-Based Improvement of the Physicochemical Properties of Guar Gum as a Potential Substrate for Modified Drug Delivery Systems." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/985259.
Анотація:
Guar Gum is a natural polysaccharide that, due to its physicochemical properties, is extensively investigated for biomedical applications as a matrix for modified drug delivery, but it is also used in the food industry as well as in cosmetics. A commercial sample of Guar Gum was sonicated for different periods of time, and the reduction in the average molecular weight was monitored by means of viscometric measurements. At the same time, the rheological behaviour was also followed, in terms of viscoelasticity range, flow curves, and mechanical spectra. Sonicated samples were used for the preparation of gels in the presence of borate ions. The effect of borax on the new samples was investigated by recording mechanical spectra, flow curves, and visible absorption spectra of complexes with Congo Red. The anisotropic elongation, observed in previous studies with tablets of Guar Gum and borax, was remarkably reduced when the sonicated samples were used for the preparation of the gels.
38
Coltelli, Maria-Beatrice, Serena Danti, Luisa Trombi, Pierfrancesco Morganti, Giovanna Donnarumma, Adone Baroni, Alessandra Fusco, and Andrea Lazzeri. "Preparation of Innovative Skin Compatible Films to Release Polysaccharides for Biobased Beauty Masks." Cosmetics 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040070.
Анотація:
The preparation and selection of biobased materials compatible with skin is essential for producing innovative and highly eco-friendly beauty masks. The use of a commercial elastomeric poly(hydroxyalkanoate) and starch was fundamental to select materials for bioplastic films with the necessary resistance in wet conditions, skin compatibility and capacity for a fast release of polysaccharides and similar active and functional molecules. Micrometric calcium carbonate was also used to control the stickiness of film during moulding. Starch release in water was investigated by gravimetric and infrared analyses. The compatibility with skin was investigated via two different in vitro tests based on human keratinocytes and human mesenchymal stromal cells. The materials were highly cytocompatible with skin, enabled immune modulation by keratinocytes and starch release in water up to 49% by weight in 30 min. These outcomes are a good starting point for boosting the production of biobased and biodegradable beauty masks, thus decreasing the impact onto environment of cosmetic products that are currently still mainly produced using petrol-based substrates.
39
Malviya, Rishabha, Pramod K. Sharma, and Susheel K. Dubey. "Characterization of Neem (Azadirachita indica) Gum Exudates Using Analytical Tools and Pharmaceutical Approaches." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180821150254.
Анотація:
Background: Polysaccharide has been used as excipient in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Objective: Objective of present research was to characterize crude Neem Gum Polysaccharide (NGP) for their possible applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Methods: Purified NGP was characterized in terms of phytochemical screening, organoleptic properties, solubility, micromeritic properties, TLC analysis, ash value, microbial load, molecular confirmation, molecular weight, swelling behaviour, foaming ability, surface morphology, IR spectral analysis, 1H NMR and mass spectra analysis. Suspending properties of NGP was also evaluated using paracetamol as model drug. Results: TLC analysis of NGP shows the presence of polar components in native polysaccharide. Results showed that NGP exhibit pseudoplastic flow with 19.22 x103 kJ kg-1 activation energy and 0.013 Reynold’s number. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. change in enthalpy ΔHv and change in entropy ΔSv was found to be 301.97 KJ/mol and 53.64 JK-1mol-1 respectively. Viscosity average molecular weight of NGP polysaccharide was found to be 94750 D. Foam capacity and foam stability of 1 %w/v solution of NGP was found to be 41 % and 64 % respectively. Mathematical approach also determined coiled conformation of NGP solution. Mass spectra of NGP shows characteristics fragmentation pattern with initial cleavage of glycosidic bond. 1H NMR spectra reveal the presence of 1 alpha – O-C- Methyl Hydrogen (CH3) and tetrahydropyran hydrogen. Conclusion: From the findings of the research it can be concluded that NGP can be used as excipient in cosmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals and attract rheologist for its characteristics rheological behavior.
40
Belkheiri, Anissa, Ali Forouhar, Alina Violeta Ursu, Pascal Dubessay, Guillaume Pierre, Cedric Delattre, Gholamreza Djelveh, Slim Abdelkafi, Nasser Hamdami, and Philippe Michaud. "Extraction, Characterization, and Applications of Pectins from Plant By-Products." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146596.
Анотація:
Currently, pectins are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, mainly as texturizing, emulsifying, stabilizing, and gelling agents. Pectins are polysaccharides composed of a large linear segment of α-(1,4) linked d-galactopyranosyluronic acids interrupted by β-(1,2)-linked l-rhamnoses and ramified by short chains composed of neutral hexoses and pentoses. The characteristics and applications of pectins are strongly influenced by their structures depending on plant species and tissues but also extraction methods. The aim of this review is therefore to highlight the structures of pectins and the various methods used to extract them, including conventional ones but also microwave heating, ultrasonic treatment, and dielectric barrier discharge techniques, assessing physico-chemical parameters which have significant effects on pectin characteristics and applications as techno-functional and bioactive agents.
41
Pacheco-Quito, Edisson-Mauricio, Roberto Ruiz-Caro, and María-Dolores Veiga. "Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110583.
Анотація:
Marine resources are today a renewable source of various compounds, such as polysaccharides, that are used in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and food fields. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on carrageenan-based biomaterials due to their multifunctional qualities, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, in addition to bioactive attributes, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, antihyperlipidemic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulating properties. They have been applied in pharmaceutical formulations as both their bioactive and physicochemical properties make them suitable biomaterials for drug delivery, and recently for the development of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of recent research on the various types of carrageenan-based biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
42
Sandria, Nofri, Uju Uju, and Pipih Suptijah. "The Depolymerization of Kappa Carrageenan Using Peracetic Acid." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 20, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i3.19809.
Анотація:
Kappa carrageenan is a galactose polysaccharide which is easily hydrolyzed on acidic and stable on<br />alkaline solution. Kappa carrageenan is widely used in food industries, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as<br />thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agents. Peracetic acid (PAA) with the empirical formula CH3COOOH<br />is strong oxidizing agent as a selective agent of delignification. The aims of this study were to determine<br />the effect of peracetic acid concentration on the characteristics of depolymerization kappa carrageenan<br />such as, yield, total solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, microstructure, and its functional groups. The<br />result of this research showed that kappa carrageenan depolymerization had yield 32.78-98.11%, total<br />solubility 23.83-96.68%, viscosity 1.01-26.59 cP, and molecular weight 5.89-199.31 kDa. The higher of PAA<br />concentration used, the less yield, the increased solubility, lower viscosity, and smaller molecular weights.<br />Depolymerization treatment using 2% PAA caused changes to the microstructure and the function group<br />kappa carrageenan depolymerization.<br /><br />
43
Gavalás-Olea, Antonio, Antje Siol, Yvonne Sakka, Jan Köser, Nina Nentwig, Thomas Hauser, Juliane Filser, Jorg Thöming, and Imke Lang. "Potential of the Red Alga Dixoniella grisea for the Production of Additives for Lubricants." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091836.
Анотація:
There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. The aim of the present study is to analytically characterize the extra- and intracellular molecular composition from the red microalga Dixoniella grisea and to evaluate its potential for being used in the tribological industry. D. grisea samples, fractionated into extracellular polymers (EPS), cells and medium, were examined for their molecular composition. This alga produces a highly viscous polymer, mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins, being secreted into the culture medium. The EPS and biomass significantly differed in their molecular composition, indicating that they might be used for different bio-additive products. We also show that polysaccharides and proteins were the major chemical compounds in EPS, whereas the content of lipids depended on the separation protocol and the resulting product. Still, they did not represent a major group and were thus classified as a potential valuable side-product. Lyophilized algal fractions obtained from D. grisea were found to be not toxic when EPS were not included. Upon implementation of EPS as a commercial product, further assessment on the environmental toxicity to enchytraeids and other soil organisms is required. Our results provide a possible direction for developing a process to gain an environmentally friendly bio-additive for application in the tribological industry based on a biorefinery approach.
44
Pereira, Leonel, and Ana Valado. "The Seaweed Diet in Prevention and Treatment of the Neurodegenerative Diseases." Marine Drugs 19, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19030128.
Анотація:
Edible marine algae are rich in bioactive compounds and are, therefore, a source of bioavailable proteins, long chain polysaccharides that behave as low-calorie soluble fibers, metabolically necessary minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. Marine algae were used primarily as gelling agents and thickeners (phycocolloids) in food and pharmaceutical industries in the last century, but recent research has revealed their potential as a source of useful compounds for the pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic industries. The green, red, and brown algae have been shown to have useful therapeutic properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson, Alzheimer’s, and Multiple Sclerosis, and other chronic diseases. In this review are listed and described the main components of a suitable diet for patients with these diseases. In addition, compounds derived from macroalgae and their neurophysiological activities are described.
45
RUSU, Alexandru Vasile, Ann Kristin SCHWARZE, and Berta ALVAREZ PENEDO. "FUNGUSCHAIN EU Project: Extracting Value from the Agricultural Offcuts of Commercial Mushroom Farming." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 77, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2020.0018.
Анотація:
FUNGUSCHAIN project is implementing valorisation concepts of mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) agricultural residues. Therefore, novel cascading approaches will be designed, in order to obtain innovative procedures to receive high value bio-based additives (antioxidants, antimicrobials and proteins), bioplasticizers by lipid conversion as well as biopolymers production from polysaccharides (glucans and fermentable sugars), using the remaining side streams and substrates. Final remaining substrates still being used by composting and/ or biogas synthesis, closing the agricultural cycle accordingly. The demonstration within a new biorefinery, including economical extraction methods, will attempt the industrial viability. At the end of the project, more than 65% of the emerged mushroom by-products/ waste will be valorised into high-value additives. Three key chains within European economy, namely, food, cleaning/cosmetic and plastic market will characterise and further validate the applicability of the obtained products within their production processes under compliance with legal EU and market requirements.
46
Peñalver, Rocío, José M. Lorenzo, Gaspar Ros, Ryszard Amarowicz, Mirian Pateiro, and Gema Nieto. "Seaweeds as a Functional Ingredient for a Healthy Diet." Marine Drugs 18, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18060301.
Анотація:
Seaweeds have been used since ancient times as food, mainly by Asian countries, while in Western countries, their main application has been as gelling agents and colloids for the food, pharmaceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. Seaweeds are a good source of nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Polyphenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as other bioactive molecules, are mainly responsible for the healthy properties associated with seaweed. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties are attributed to these compounds. If seaweeds are compared to terrestrial plants, they have a higher proportion of essential fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids. In addition, there are several secondary metabolites that are synthesized by algae such as terpenoids, oxylipins, phlorotannins, volatile hydrocarbons, and products of mixed biogenetic origin. Therefore, algae can be considered as a natural source of great interest, since they contain compounds with numerous biological activities and can be used as a functional ingredient in many technological applications to obtain functional foods.
47
Liakos, Efstathios V., Maria Lazaridou, Georgia Michailidou, Ioanna Koumentakou, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris, and George Z. Kyzas. "Chitosan Adsorbent Derivatives for Pharmaceuticals Removal from Effluents: A Review." Macromol 1, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1020011.
Анотація:
Chitin is mentioned as the second most abundant and important natural biopolymer in worldwide scale. The main sources for the extraction and exploitation of this natural polysaccharide polymer are crabs and shrimps. Chitosan (poly-β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) is the most important derivative of chitin and can be used in a wide variety of applications including cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, food, etc., giving this substance high value-added applications. Moreover, chitosan has applications in adsorption because it contains amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules, and can thus contribute to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (pharmaceuticals/drugs, metals, phenols, pesticides, etc.). However, it must be noted that one of the most important techniques of decontamination is considered to be adsorption because it is simple, low-cost, and fast. This review emphasizes on recently published research papers (2013–2021) and briefly describes the chemical modifications of chitosan (grafting, cross-linking, etc.), for the adsorption of a variety of emerging contaminants from aqueous solutions, and characterization results. Finally, tables are depicted from selected chitosan synthetic routes and the pH effects are discussed, along with the best-fitting isotherm and kinetic models.
48
Cikoš, Ana-Marija, Stela Jokić, Drago Šubarić, and Igor Jerković. "Overview on the Application of Modern Methods for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Macroalgae." Marine Drugs 16, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16100348.
Анотація:
Marine macroalgae represent a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be implemented in various food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products for health improvement. It has been proven that these bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and ω-3 fatty acids possess bioactivity. For the extraction of these compounds, modern methods (Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)) have been used due to their advantages over the conventional methods. The process parameters of each method must be optimized for obtaining the extracts with the targeted bioactive compounds. In distinction from the existing reviews, the present review provides novelty with respect to: (a) presenting systematically the selected process parameters of SFE (temperature, time, pressure, use of co-solvents), SWE (temperature, time, pressure, solid-solvent ratio), UAE (temperature, time, frequency, power, solid-solvent ratio), and MAE (temperature, time, frequency, power, solvent type) applied for the extractions of marine macroalgae; (b) reporting the major groups or individual compounds extracted with their biological activities (if determined); and, (c) updating available references.
49
Michailidou, Georgia, Ioanna Koumentakou, Efstathios V. Liakos, Maria Lazaridou, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris, and George Z. Kyzas. "Adsorption of Uranium, Mercury, and Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solutions onto Magnetic Chitosan Adsorbents: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183137.
Анотація:
The compound of chitin is the second most important and abundant natural biopolymer in the world. The main extraction and exploitation sources of this natural polysaccharide polymer are mainly crustaceans species, such as shrimps and crabs. Chitosan (CS) (poly-β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) can be derived from chitin and can be mentioned as a compound that has high value-added applications due to its wide variety of uses, including pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetics applications, food etc. Furthermore, chitosan is a biopolymer that can be used for adsorption applications because it contains amino and hydroxyl groups in its chemical structure (molecules), resulting in possible interactions of adsorption between chitosan and pollutants (uranium, mercury, rare earth elements (REEs), phenols, etc.). However, adsorption is a very effective, fast, simple, and low-cost process. This review article places emphasis on recent demonstrated research papers (2014–2020) where the chemical modifications of CS are explained briefly (grafting, cross-linking etc.) for the uptake of uranium, mercury, and REEs in synthesized aqueous solutions. Finally, figures and tables from selected synthetic routes of CS are presented and the effects of pH and the best mathematical fitting of isotherm and kinetic equations are discussed. In addition, the adsorption mechanisms are discussed.
50
Gu, Fang-Li, Xiao-Mei He, and Ren-Shu Huang. "Skin Antiaging Attributes of the Dendrobium Huoshanense Polysaccharides." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 19, no. 2 (September 8, 2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:176-180.
Анотація:
Skin aging is a normal process that can only be slowed down by the use of effective cosmetics. The aging of the skin involves structural and compositional changes in the skin cells as well as darkening. This process largely involves loss of hygroscopicity and moisture and increases in tyrosinase activity that catalyzes melanin synthesis. Herein, we have investigated the effect of the polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense on hygroscopicity, moisturizing, and tyrosinase inhibition activity in in vitro and in vivo models. The results show increase in hygroscopicity, moisturizing effect, and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. In conclusion, the polysaccharides from D. huoshanense may be excellent raw materials for the development of antiaging cosmetics.