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1
Harrington, Brooke. "Turning vice into virtue: Institutional work and professional misconduct." Human Relations 72, no. 9 (October 30, 2018): 1464–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718793930.
Анотація:
Why do professionals engage in or aid misconduct, rather than rejecting it as a threat to their legitimacy and labor market survival? This article contributes to the scholarly agenda by drawing on an ethnographic study of professionals who facilitate offshore tax avoidance for the ultra-wealthy. This form of expert advisory work has become highly controversial, and is increasingly classified as a form of professional wrongdoing. Building on theories of institutional work and categorization, the study theorizes practitioners’ responses to field-level legitimacy threats. Specifically, the article models a process in which misconduct is recategorized in terms of the core norms that underpin professional legitimacy. Through this process, practitioners create institutional change by altering the way they see themselves and their work, transforming the ‘vice’ of tax avoidance into the professional ‘virtues’ of public service and expert neutrality. This model advances knowledge compared to previous research on professional misconduct, which was situated primarily at the organization level, and responds to calls for analysis of ‘agentic self-categorization’ processes in creating the micro-foundations for legitimacy in the professions.
2
Beaulieu, Suzanne, and Jean Pasquero. "Conceptualizing Legitimacy in a Professional Context." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 10 (1999): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc19991029.
3
Gonzales, Leslie D., and Aimee Lapointe Terosky. "From the Faculty Perspective: Defining, Earning, and Maintaining Legitimacy across Academia." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 7 (July 2016): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800704.
Анотація:
Background Research shows that the academic profession is largely held together by cultural rules and norms imparted through various socialization processes, all of which are viewed as sensible ways to orient rising professionals. In this paper, a critical perspective is assumed, as we utilized the concept legitimacy and legitimation to better understand the implications of various socialization tactics within academia. Purpose Specifically, the purpose of this paper was to study how faculty members, employed across different types of institutions, defined legitimacy and what it takes to be deemed legitimate in the context of the academic profession. Research Design A critical qualitative research design guided this study. Specifically, we collected fifty in-depth, semistructured, conceptual interviews from faculty members employed across two community colleges, two regional comprehensive universities, one liberal arts college, and one high activity research university. Data Analysis Our analysis of interview transcripts was largely guided by Saldaña's suggestions for affective, pattern, and elaborative coding. Findings We found that all faculty members, regardless of institution type, discipline, or tenure status, held ideas as to what constitutes legitimate work/legitimacy within academia. We interrogated these findings further through the lens of New Institutionalism and determined that professors spent most of their time describing professional legitimacy. Professional legitimacy seemed to be contingent on (1) research and (2) institutional type. However, faculty also described what can be understood as normative legitimacy, which is an endorsement granted when one conforms to implicit cultural rules and ideals held by any community of relevance (e.g., governmental leaders, administrators, tax payers/public). Normative legitimacy seemed to be granted to professors who presented themselves as selfless, ideal workers who could account for and maximize their productivity. Conclusions/Recommendations A number of specific policy and practice related recommendations are gleaned from this work. In terms of faculty preparation and socialization, it is imperative that faculty members acknowledge that both processes are steeped in relations of power, as they engender notions of who and what fits into academia. Several specific questions and small adjustments in terms of practice are noted in the paper. Also, in terms of faculty evaluation, a return to Boyer's work and newer iterations of Boyer's work by Henderson (2013) could be helpful.
4
Garcia, Mattea A., and Joshua B. Barbour. "“Ask a Professional—Ask a Librarian”: Librarianship and the Chronic Struggle for Professional Status." Management Communication Quarterly 32, no. 4 (June 24, 2018): 565–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318918776798.
Анотація:
Professionalizing occupations strive to convince the public, policy makers, and each other of their distinctiveness and legitimacy. Efforts to maintain professional status are a key facet of professional identity negotiation, which is complicated by technological, political, and economic threats. This study investigated librarians’ struggle to defend the legitimacy of their profession while facing threats to their status and values. Drawing on interviews ( N = 32) and observations of librarians from multiple work sites, this study provides evidence for conceptualizing professionalization as an ongoing, macrosocial, communicative process through which individuals attempt to define and defend the profession. The findings contribute to institutional and communication theory of professional identity negotiation, offering the insight that the discursive resources provided by the profession shape professionals’ efforts to resist stigma facing the profession, and yet, those same professional discursive resources can make their navigation of material and discursive threats to the profession more difficult.
5
McKenzie, Kevin. "Formulating professional identity." Pragmatics and Society 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.3.1.02mck.
Анотація:
Recent scholarly and practitioner research on the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has been concerned with questions about the moral legitimacy of humanitarian aid in settings of armed conflict. At issue is the extent to which NGO activities are said to affect the conduct and outcome of warfare, thereby potentially implicating humanitarian aid in the partisan interests which it has traditionally eschewed as a condition of its legitimacy. This paper explores how such issues are taken up in the explanations offered by humanitarian aid operatives in descriptions of the work they carry out in settings of armed conflict. Drawing on a corpus of conversational material recorded in open-ended interviews with representatives of various NGOs that operate in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), I examine how speakers work to make themselves accountable to demands for sympathetic affiliation with the losing (or vanquished) parties in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict while maintaining a non-aligned stance relative to the partisan considerations that animate that conflict’s conduct. Both in first-hand narrative accounts of personal transformation and in descriptions of contrastive examples where professional colleagues are said to maintain a too-sympathetic affiliation with the partisan concerns of the Palestinian population whose needs they service, speakers work to provide for the legitimacy of their professional activities in the context of otherwise conflicting demands for moral accountability.
6
Larsson, Bengt, Ylva Ulfsdotter Eriksson, and Petra Adolfsson. "The Legitimacy of Performance-Related Pay in Swedish Public Sector Organisations." Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v26i1.7039.
Анотація:
This study analyses the legitimacy of different pay determination principles in Swedish public sector organisations. The aim is to explore what dimensions of worth exist in pay determination and to analyse the extent to which differences in legitimacy can be explained by organisational position, professional identity and organisational context. Theoretically, the article is influenced by “valuation studies” and the “institutional logics” and “orders of worth” approaches in analysing the existence of multiple dimensions of pay determination. Empirically, the study is based on surveys to employees and managers. The main results are that individual performance is the most legitimate dimension of worth, although job requirements and employee behaviour also have a high level of legitimacy. Formal individual competence and market value have a somewhat lower level of legitimacy, while organisational results is the dimension that has least legitimacy. In addition, the perceptions of legitimacy are shown to vary somewhat with position, profession and organisational context.
7
Jones, Marjaana, and Ilkka Pietilä. "Alignments and differentiations: People with illness experiences seeking legitimate positions as health service developers and producers." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318800154.
Анотація:
Health policies and strategies promote the involvement of people with illness experiences in service development and production, integrating them into settings that have traditionally been domains of health professionals. In this study, we focus on the perspectives of people with personal illness experiences and explore how they justify involvement, position themselves as legitimate actors and forge collaborative relationships with health professionals. We have used discourse analysis in analysing individual interviews conducted with peer support workers and experts by experience (n = 17) who currently work in Finnish health services. The interviewees utilised discourses of empowerment, efficiency and patient-centeredness, aligning themselves with the justifications constructed by patient movements additionally to those found in current health policies. Both groups wanted to retain critical distance from professionals in order to voice criticisms of current care practices, yet they also frequently aligned themselves with professionals in order to gain legitimacy for their involvement. They adopted professional traits that moved them further from being lay participants sharing personal experiences and adopted an expert position. Although national-level policies provided backing and legitimacy for involvement, the lack of local-level guidance could hinder the practical implementation and make involvement largely dependent of professionals’ discretion.
8
Blalock, Emiko. "The role of accreditation in establishing academic legitimacy in graduate level non-profit management education." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 11, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-04-2019-0044.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the tension that a graduate education field called non-profit management education (NME) faces as it decides whether or not to adopt accreditation. The tension at hand is the politically wrought process of accreditation and the challenge many professional graduate education programs face in maintaining distinctive characteristics of their programs while conforming to the perceived legitimate norms within the larger field of higher education. Design/methodology/approach This case study is focused on a multi-day Summit, collecting data from participant presentations and discussions, observations and field notes and documents. Inductive coding and deductive coding are used to analyze data, framed under the theoretical framework of organizational legitimacy, strategy and homogeneity. Findings Three major themes are identified that illuminate the inherent tension between the ambiguous nature of legitimacy and the structured character of accreditation: arguing the field is unique, establishing threats to innovation and drawing boundaries. Originality/value This study offers unique insights into the political nature of accreditation and its ties to legitimacy for professional graduate education programs. With the expansion of graduate education into more applied fields and the increased pressure to provide programs that are directly related to professional and career advancement, many programs may benefit from accreditation standards while garnering legitimacy. However, it is imperative that those seeking accreditation understand they may risk losing the very elements that make their programs distinct.
9
O'Meara, Kerryann, Lindsey Templeton, and Gudrun Nyunt. "Earning Professional Legitimacy: Challenges Faced by Women, Underrepresented Minority, and Non-Tenure-Track Faculty." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 12 (December 2018): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812001203.
Анотація:
Background and Context Little research has focused on how legitimacy is understood and conveyed through interactions between faculty colleagues, despite its importance to faculty careers. Not all faculty experience an even playing field in trying to access professional legitimacy. This is especially true for women, underrepresented minority (URM), and nontenure-track (NTT) faculty. These groups experience common dilemmas in their pursuit of professional legitimacy in research university environments, though each group also faces distinct challenges of its own. An ideal place to understand experiences of faculty trying to earn professional legitimacy are faculty learning communities. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze how women, URM, and NTT faculty understand and describe professional legitimacy in one research university. We sought to understand the challenges these groups experienced in trying to obtain legitimacy from colleagues that they attributed to their gender, race, or appointment type. Through this study, we hope to provide an understanding of and recommendations for creating inclusive academic work environments for all three groups. Setting The study took place at Land Grant University (LGU), a research-intensive institution. LGU received a National Science Foundation ADVANCE grant to focus on issues of equity in the retention and advancement of women and URM faculty. Out of recognition that the institution faced challenges in retaining and/or advancing women, URM, and NTT faculty, LGU's ADVANCE program created faculty learning communities. Research Design A qualitative case study approach was used to understand how women, URM, and NTT faculty interpreted institutional scripts of legitimacy within their academic departments. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected using semistructured participant observations of five faculty learning communities, which were formed to support the retention and advancement of women, URM, and NTT faculty over five years. Findings/Results Women, URM, and NTT faculty participating in faculty learning communities understood professional legitimacy as associated with belonging, merit, autonomy, and voice in decision making. Participants described multiple ways in which they felt their gender, race, and/or appointment type constrained their ability to achieve legitimacy. Conclusions and Recommendations In this study, we used our findings to “mark” how inequality is maintained through professional interactions with colleagues. Implicit bias influenced several of the inequalities and barriers to earning legitimacy noted in the study. One recommendation, therefore, is to raise awareness of implicit bias and provide department-wide trainings on how to address it. This study also supports the use of faculty learning communities as a place of restoration for faculty seeking professional legitimacy and as a tool to create inclusive academic environments.
10
Mortensen, Tara M., and Peter J. Gade. "Does Photojournalism Matter? News Image Content and Presentation in the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record Before and After Layoffs of the Photojournalism Staff." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 990–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699018760771.
Анотація:
This study explored the photojournalism and news presentation of the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record before and after the newspaper laid off its entire photography staff. Differences between professional and non-professional photographs were compared. Following the layoff, the paper published fewer images, and presented less prominently. Professional images captured significantly more elements of photojournalism than non-professionals, including emotion, action, conflict, and graphic appeal. Professional images were presented larger and more prominently. Results of this case study provide evidence that—despite clear differences in image content—photojournalists are struggling to assert their professional legitimacy in the digital age.
11
McEnnis, Simon. "Toy department within the toy department? Online sports journalists and professional legitimacy." Journalism 21, no. 10 (September 3, 2018): 1415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918797613.
Анотація:
This study explores the professional legitimacy of online sports journalists as an emergent group within the occupation in the United Kingdom. Two typologies of sports journalists working for national news organisations are identified (traditional and online) and semi-structured interviews conducted with both groups. Drawing on concepts from the sociology of professions, the study applies three sub-definitions of professionalism – normative, cognitive and evaluative – to online sports journalism. The findings indicate that online sports journalists both see themselves and are seen as professionally illegitimate in all three sub-definitions despite a reputation for digital innovation. Sports journalists consider their professional jurisdiction to be defined by traditional norms, values and practices while refusing to accommodate newer, digitally native approaches. Traditional sports journalists enhance their legitimacy by positioning online colleagues as a ‘toy department within a toy department’, similar to how news journalists disparage the sports desk to elevate their own professional claims.
12
Thompson and Payne. "Towards Professionalism and Police Legitimacy? An Examination of the Education and Training Reforms of the Police in the Republic of Ireland." Education Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030241.
Анотація:
In this paper, we present a thought piece examining recent core policing reforms introduced in the Republic of Ireland (ROI), responding to a perceived crisis of legitimacy, for An Garda Síochána (AGS) (translated: ‘The Guardian of the Peace’). Central to this process is the critical reform of the education and training of police and their relationship to the professionalisation and legitimacy of policing. In this paper, we put forward an explorative analysis of the potential link between the professional education of police and their perceived legitimacy. A literature review was carried out on the reform process, including the related elements of police education, training, professionalisation, community policing, police legitimacy, code of ethics (CoE) and police culture. We consider the espoused ambition to professionalise policing via processes including the provision of professional learning in universities and how this might be deemed to contribute (or not) to legitimacy. While no empirical research to date has been carried out on these specific reforms in the ROI, the reform recommendations had several resonances with broader examination of the themes and challenges (in particular police ethics and culture) associated with reform of democratic policing in other jurisdictions, particularly with respect to increasing professional learning and perceived police legitimacy.
13
Suddaby, Roy, Frans Bévort, and Jesper Strandgaard Pedersen. "Professional judgment and legitimacy work in an organizationally embedded profession." Journal of Professions and Organization 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joz007.
Анотація:
AbstractProfessions have been traditionally understood as an alternative way of organizing work that stands in opposition to the corporate or bureaucratic organizational form. Increasingly, however, corporations are seen to be the source of new forms of expert knowledge and occupational categories. Yet we have little understanding of how expert judgement forms and is legitimated inside a large organization. In this study, we examine the emergence of standards of professional judgement in a government organization. Using archival and interview data between 2000 and 2012 we examine how experts in the Danish Film Institute generated professional standards of decision making against the backdrop of intense bureaucratic control. Our analysis demonstrates that norms of professional judgement emerge in a process that is inextricably linked to the emergence of professional role identities. Our core theoretical contribution is the discovery that the legitimacy work of managerial professions operates in two spheres; by first grounding claims of professional legitimacy in broad societal norms, and second, by grounding claims of professional identity in localized but increasingly abstract expressions of professional expertise.
14
JONGE, DESLEIGH, and FRANK VANCLAY. "Professional Identity, Legitimacy and the Teaching of Treatment Media." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 36, no. 4 (August 27, 2010): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1989.tb01658.x.
15
Honorio, Filippi Mickael Martini, Elvis Joel Rodrigues da Silva, Silvana Anita Walter, and Sidnei Celerino da Silva. "Public perception of the accounting professional through the movie “The Accountant”." Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 21 (February 11, 2022): e3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202232252.
Анотація:
With the goal of understanding how the image of accountants is portrayed by the media, we analyzed elements of legitimacy proposed by Suchman (1995) and stereotypes linked to the image of the accountant found in the movie “The Accountant” (2016). The research is documentary, descriptive and qualitative. To analyze and interpret data, we used the Categorical Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2010), and the categories were determined beforehand. It was found that the elements of legitimacy were present regarding pragmatic legitimacy in the way the accountant dresses, his involvement in criminal activities, the demonstrating of his technical capacity. Regarding moral legitimacy, there are conflicting ethical dilemmas in the actions of the accountant, a specialist in dirty money. Regarding cognitive legitimacy, he is seen as someone who pleases his clients and does not always choose the profession by affinity. Regarding stereotypes, there was a discrepancy between genders, relationship difficulty, lack of sense of humor and that the accounting professional presents accurate logical and mathematical reasoning and competence in their functions. As research contributions, therefore, we can highlight the elucidation of distortions found involving the image of accountants in empirical studies, in relation to what is portrayed by the media, by the movie under analysis, seeking to combat negative images of the profession by identifying how they arise. The accounting field benefits from this with a possible shift in the popular perception of the importance of accountants for companies, by understanding that the criminal professional, exposed in the current media, are different from the professional required by the job market.
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Abu-Rabia-Queder, Sarab. "The Paradox of Professional Marginality among Arab-Bedouin Women." Sociology 51, no. 5 (April 25, 2016): 1084–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516641621.
Анотація:
This study examines the mechanisms that create a paradox of marginality among middle-class Arab-Bedouin professional women in Israel by applying an intersectional analysis of their everyday professional life. It shows that the paradox of their marginality – despite their possessing high educational capital in their society, comparable to that of highly educated professional Jewish (men and women) and Arab-Bedouin male colleagues – is reproduced through the differential validation of embodied cultural capital based on women’s cultural roles solely as a symbol of their professional inferiority. The study indicates that when their professional capital intersects with other power axes within the public sphere – for example, ethnicity/racism, gender, religious norms and tribalism – it is not accorded recognition or legitimacy by male Arab-Bedouin professionals or by Jewish professionals, colleagues and clients, thus giving rise to representational intersectionality.
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Chen, Tingming, and Yichun Weng. "On Legitimacy of WISEs." China Nonprofit Review 9, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 310–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341335.
Анотація:
AbstractAmid the increasing diversification of social development, the services provided by the government hardly satisfy all sorts of needs. The establishment of non-profit organizations (npos) timely addresses the government’s deficiency in handling public affairs. As a result, thenpos almost turn into private enterprises and social enterprises aim to deliver public benefits, which has aroused disputes and doubts like “mission drift” and “for-profits in disguise.” This article adopts Suchman’s pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy analysis to reexamine the work integration social enterprises (WISEs) which enable the disadvantaged or those with disabilities to join in the labor market after training, coaching and professional practice. Based on literature review and in-depth interview, this article makes a case study of CANYOU, an exemplary social enterprise set by persons with disabilities by leveraging advanced technologies.
18
Dahl, Kari Kragh Blume. "Collaborating alone? Teachers’ and pedagogues’ unequal cross-professional collaboration and what it means for their professional learning in Danish schools." Power and Education 12, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757743820943226.
Анотація:
Cross-professional collaboration in schools is a prerequisite for professional teaching practice and thus for professional development in many post-industrialized societies, yet little is known about how teachers with different professional backgrounds make meaning of and internalize cross-professional collaboration and how inequities in legitimacy and power in cross-professional collaboration affect professional learning. This article examines cross-professional collaboration and the professional learning it initiates between teachers and pedagogues (Danish term for childcare professionals) in Danish schools. Drawing on situated learning theory, critical psychology and Pierre Bourdieu, it explores teachers’ and pedagogues’ professional learning in conflictual cross-professional collaborations. The findings of the study document that cross-professional collaborations are spaces for negotiating and drawing professional boundaries and for producing hierarchies of different forms of professional capital, thereby re/producing dominant understandings of what constitutes teaching professionalism for teachers and pedagogues. The article concludes that cross-professional collaboratory practices may position and draw boundaries between the different professional groups, thus limiting productive learning.
19
Gregory, Anne. "Chartered status and public relations' struggle for legitimacy." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (July 24, 2020): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-11-2019-0130.
Анотація:
PurposeTo appraise progress towards “the professional project” for the public relations profession in the UK using the Royal Charter application as a pivotal assessment point in the journey.Design/methodology/approachPrimary and secondary, qualitative research, with participant observation and chronological and thematic analysis of archival documents at the time of the Charter process: 2003 to 2005. Two expert interviews were also conducted for a view on progress. The study is contextualised within the professions literature and the 2019 State of the Profession study undertaken by the Chartered Institute of Public Relations.FindingsThe Institute faced significant challenges during the Charter application raised by Institutions such as the Government Department for Education and Skills, including the diversity of the profession, standards of education and training, practitioner standards, including ethical, as indicated by their levels of membership and commitment to ongoing professional development. These challenges remain.Research limitations/implicationsDiversity, social acceptance, qualifications and professional progress provide an important, ongoing research agenda.Practical implicationsSocial acceptance, qualifications and professional progress remain elusive for the practice and more radical action is required to achieve progress.Social implicationsThe profession is making limited progress towards legitimacy. Continued press ambivalence, recent scandals, such as the Bell Pottinger affair in South Africa and jurisdictional infringement by other professions continue to threaten its attempts to move towards social closure.Originality/valueThis is the first academic article to chronicle the charter journey using the original documentation as source materials and the first to review progress towards the goals that chartered status signified for public relations.
20
Roberts, Diane H. "CHANGING LEGITIMACY NARRATIVES ABOUT PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND INDEPENDENCE IN THE 1930'S JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTANCY." Accounting Historians Journal 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.37.2.95.
Анотація:
The 1930s in the U.S. were marked by an economic crisis, governmental regulatory response, and a significant audit failure. This paper examines the profession's struggle for legitimacy during these times through its choice of narratives regarding professional ethics and independence as revealed in the national professional organization's monthly, the Journal of Accountancy. Initially “ethics is a state-of-mind” or narrative of character was used but transitioned to a more objectively determinable narrative of technique as the decade progressed. To counter governmental regulation, the profession attempted to shift the independence discourse away from regulation of accountants to regulation of client companies.
21
Payette, Jay. "Resolving Legitimacy Deficits in Technology Startups through Professional Services Practices." Technology Innovation Management Review 4, no. 6 (June 23, 2014): 22–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/801.
22
Payette, Jay. "Resolving Legitimacy Deficits in Technology Startups through Professional Services Practices." Technology Innovation Management Review 4, no. 6 (June 23, 2014): 22–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview801.
23
Andersen, B. A. S. "Specialties in physical therapy, ensuring the professional legitimacy in Denmark." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e74-e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.201.
24
Arslan, Ahmad, Ismail Golgeci, Lauri Haapanen, Shlomo Tarba, Cary Cooper, and William Y. Degbey. "Cause-related marketing, legitimacy and internationalization of professional service firms." International Marketing Review 37, no. 5 (January 24, 2020): 885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2019-0143.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the role of legitimacy in internationalization to Africa of a Finnish professional service microfirm, which uses cause-related marketing (CRM) as the business model. Design/methodology/approach The paper consists of a single case study of a microfirm (two employees) originating from Finland, which has successfully internationalized to many African countries. Due to the uniqueness of the context, the authors use semi-structured interviews to collect founders’ insights to the issue being addressed. Moreover, along with interviews, secondary sources related to football talent scouting in Africa are also utilized in the paper. Findings The authors found that the case company was established with the aim of helping and uplifting poor African footballers, so the business model is CRM. It has scouted many of them for professional football clubs in Europe. The authors further found that sociopolitical legitimacy plays a major role in dealing with African footballers and local stakeholders, while cognitive legitimacy helped the case firm gain the trust of European football clubs. Originality/value Internationalization of microfirms operating in the service sector is a rather under-researched area compared to the internationalization of SMEs and large MNEs. The paper is one of the first to study internationalization of a professional service microfirm involved in scouting football talent in Africa and matchmaking them with European football clubs. It contributes to extant CRM and internationalization literature by being one of the first to analyze a firm whose business model revolves around CRM and discussing specific roles of different kinds of legitimacies needed for internationalization to Africa in this specific service sector.
25
������������, V. Krasnoperova, �������, R. Moshnina, ��������, Svetlana Batyreva, �������, and T. Khilenko. "Theoretical Bases and Technologies of Educational Standards Development." Standards and Monitoring in Education 3, no. 6 (December 17, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17276.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the problem of continuous education and free promotion specialist in professional activities on the basis of ensuring maximum fl exibility and diversity of forms of additional professional education. The proposed model is universal and can be used during the implementation of distance learning courses on various subjects for various categories of teachers. This article is important due to the relevance and legitimacy of the distance form of advanced training, where students get professionally-relevant skills together with training to test and apply in practice.
26
Suddaby, Roy, and Thierry Viale. "Professionals and field-level change: Institutional work and the professional project." Current Sociology 59, no. 4 (June 29, 2011): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392111402586.
Анотація:
This article explicates the causal connections between changes in professional jurisdictions and changes in organizational fields. The authors argue that professional projects carry within them projects of institutionalization. They focus attention on the critical but often invisible role that professionals play in institutional work, or the creation, maintenance and transformation of institutions. The key contribution of this article is to explicate the professional project as an endogenous mechanism of institutional change. Based on a review of prior research on institutional change in which professionals play a central role, the authors observe four essential dynamics through which professionals reconfigure institutions and organizational fields. First, professionals use their expertise and legitimacy to challenge the incumbent order and to define a new, open and uncontested space. Second, professionals use their inherent social capital and skill to populate the field with new actors and new identities. Third, professionals introduce nascent new rules and standards that recreate the boundaries of the field. Fourth, professionals manage the use and reproduction of social capital within a field thereby conferring a new status hierarchy or social order within the field.
27
Albasoos, Hani. "Crisis of Legitimacy in Palestine." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2016): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v5i3.246.
Анотація:
Palestinian society is geographically separated and politically fragmented. This is attributed to partisan affiliation and alignment, absence of conceptual and professional framework of civil society, unethical approach of Palestinian political leaders, and unconstitutional political institutions. Such polarization and division have created political antagonism within elites and between factions. The broad objective of this research is to investigate the legitimacy crisis in Palestine, the current political dilemma in the Palestinian Authority, and the public response to the situation. The research introduces direct and thorough understanding of the developing political context surrounding these issues; taking into consideration that growing deficit in legitimacy could create potentially dire consequences, particularly if present trends on the ground continue. The research promotes an analytical perspective based on legitimacy theory and exploring recent public opinion polls.
28
Drori, Israel, and Benson Honig. "A Process Model of Internal and External Legitimacy." Organization Studies 34, no. 3 (March 2013): 345–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840612467153.
Анотація:
We report the results of a longitudinal case study depicting the relationship between internal and external legitimacy at Orion, an emergent creative professional firm. We address the following questions: How do different types of legitimacy emerge, and how do they interact to shape organizational evolution? Introducing a staged process model, we demonstrate that organizational legitimacy is a product of action, which is continually reproduced and reconstructed by members of an organization in concert with external legitimation activities. Internal and external legitimacy evolve through a process of emergence, validation, diffusion and consensus, sometimes recursively repeating the cycle when imbalances result in conflict and friction.
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Smith, Sara, Uttara Karnik, Karen Kendall, Abigail Pugh, Kelvin Robson, Nabeel Salmons, and Martin Khechara. "Supporting the development of skills for extended practice in biomedical science." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 9, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-02-2019-0029.
Анотація:
Purpose Continual professional development is essential to foster and enhance professionals’ abilities. A wide variety of methods have been adopted to support professional learning for healthcare professions but many still focus upon a need to update knowledge and the learning of isolated competencies for practice. The purpose of this paper is to report upon a collaborative partnership that enabled the reframing of a professional development course away from this objectivist epistemology to foster pedagogically appropriate approaches nurturing the development of the knowledge and skills required for extended practice in specimen dissection. Design/methodology/approach An action research approach informed this study which drew upon aspects of simulated learning, “creative play” and “hands-on” practice to nurture development of the knowledge and mastery of essential skills required for extended practice in dissection. A questionnaire allowed the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data from delegates. Open coding of delegate free-text responses enabled thematic analysis of the data. Findings Delegates reported upon a positive learning and teaching experience providing them with a unique opportunity to develop the essential skills and knowledge required to enhance their extended practice. Four key themes were identified from delegate feedback: legitimacy of learning experience; safe-space for learning; confidence as a practitioner; and professional and social interactions. Originality/value Research into skill development in this field is currently lacking. Findings highlight the value of a creative approach to professional development which enables individuals to master the skills required for practice. It also underlines the importance and value of collaborative partnerships. As allied health professionals advance and extend their roles professional development must move away from the didactic delivery of isolated topics and ensure that it offers legitimate learning experiences allowing skill development and technique mastery alongside knowledge enhancement.
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Moura, David P., and Hugh T. Miller. "On Legitimacy: Is Public Administration Stigmatized?" Administration & Society 51, no. 5 (October 3, 2016): 770–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716670934.
Анотація:
Public administration scholarship has a long-standing tradition of examining the legitimacy of public administration. One of the motives behind this literature is the necessity to defend against constant criticisms directed toward public administration research, theory, and practice. In this article, we shift the focus from defending public administration by conceptualizing and accepting it as an illegitimate and stigmatized institution—one that cannot and should not rid itself of this label. Accepting and presupposing this label of illegitimacy, independent from any particular definition of legitimacy, allows scholars and practitioners to focus on creating new knowledge and performing professional responsibilities.
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Elms, Heather, and Robert A. Phillips. "Private Security Companies and Institutional Legitimacy: Corporate and Stakeholder Responsibility." Business Ethics Quarterly 19, no. 3 (July 2009): 403–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200919323.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThe private provision of security services has attracted a great deal of recent attention, both professional and popular. Much of that attention suggests the questioned moral legitimacy of the private vs. public provision of security. Linking the literature on moral legitimacy and responsibility from new institutional and stakeholder theories, we examine the relationship between moral legitimacy and responsible behavior by both private security companies (PSCs) and their stakeholders. We ask what the moral-legitimacy-enhancing responsibilities of both might be, and contribute to both literatures and their managerial implications by detailing the content of those responsibilities, emphasizing the reciprocal nature of moral obligations. We suggest that the moral legitimacy of the industry depends upon responsible behavior by both PSCsandtheir stakeholders.
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Olausson, Albin. "Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, no. 5 (August 2020): 440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094220953199.
Анотація:
This article takes the standpoint that, due to high levels of uncertainty, local economic development work suffers from both input- and output-based legitimacy. Nevertheless, local governments are active development agents and try to come up with economic development initiatives. In order to better understand the legitimate basis for uncertain economic development work, this article offers an unconventional analysis of economic development projects. Drawing on scholars of organization theory, legitimacy is defined as congruence in values between the studied projects and the stakeholders in the surrounding environment. The article examines what kinds of values pervade local governments’ economic development projects. The empirical material is based on thick interview and observation data derived from a study of eight local development projects in Sweden. The results show that values of professionalization and deliberation pervade the analysed projects. Taking the two sets of values together, the results indicate that local government administration seeks to legitimize its economic development work as being based on professional directed processes of public deliberation. Both these sets of values challenge the local representative democratic system of government as the prime source of the legitimacy of local governments’ interventions.
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Haryono, Slamet. "ISLAMIC VALUES DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN AKUNTANSI." INFERENSI 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v10i1.69-92.
Анотація:
This research examines the influence of Islamic Values on the accounting judgement. Studies of religiosity are dominated by intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity approach. This study arranges religiosity instrument of Accounting and Auditing Standard for Islamic Financial Institutions. The of Islamic values in this study are derived trustworthiness, religious legitimacy, objectivity, professional competence and diligence, faith driven conduct, professional conduct and technical standards. The respondents were the employees of the Islamic financial institutions who has held accounting duties within the company. Data collection using the survey and used in data analysis total of 75 of 200 questionnaires distributed. The results showed that the religious legitimacy affect the accounting judgement significantly. Professional competence and diligence influence the accounting judgement significantly. Faith driven conductand professional conduct and technical standards affect the accounting judgement significantly. However, found no evidence showed of the influence of trustworthiness and objectivity on the accounting judgement signicantly.
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Detmering, Robert, Samantha McClellan, and Amber Willenborg. "A Seat at the Table: Information Literacy Assessment and Professional Legitimacy." College & Research Libraries 80, no. 5 (July 2019): 720–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.80.5.720.
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Urby, PhD, JD, Heriberto, David A. McEntire, PhD, and Marie Victoria Urby, MEd. "The legitimacy challenge facing Emergency Management: Learning from the public administration experience." Journal of Emergency Management 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0415.
Анотація:
The following article discusses the identity challenge facing Emergency Management, and draws upon the experience of Public Administration to guide future developments in this area. The article undertakes a four-part analysis by discussing: (1) the legitimacy of Public Administration discipline; (2) the legitimacy of the Emergency Management discipline; (3) the legitimacy of the Public Administration profession; and (4) the legitimacy of the Emergency Management profession. The article concludes with a review of the discussion, and argues that Emergency Management has followed or benefited from the same path taken by Public Administration. However, Emergency Management must focus more on a code of ethics, particularly in reference to hiring practices and enforcement of professional values.
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Matheson, Breeanne. "Beginning With Ganesha: The Founding and Early History of the Society for Technical Communication in India." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 50, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047281619873139.
Анотація:
Scholars have given much weight to the question of professional legitimacy in the field of TPC, but much of that focus has been given to practitioners in Euro-Western contexts. However, practitioners in India have also worked to strengthen their own legitimacy in a variety of ways, including by harnessing existing structural mechanisms. This article addresses the founding of the Society for Technical Communication India chapter in 1999 and its subsequent organizational impact as a mechanism toward improving the legitimacy of the field in India. It covers a historical analysis of the founding years of the Society for Technical Communication India chapter and discusses ways that founding members and early participants worked to build their own legitimacy.
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Pluntz, Camille, and Bernard Pras. "“It’s good.” “says who?”: the mediating role of professional legitimacy on the relationship between film-extension performance and changes in directors’ human brand identity." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 745–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-02-2019-2272.
Анотація:
Purpose Building strong human brands inscribed in social and symbolic recognition is a strategic issue for branded individuals. In the context of film director human brands, this study aims to examine the respective influences of the economic and critical performance of films, on the one hand, and the professional legitimacy bestowed by internal stakeholders, on the other, on changes in human brand identity. Contrary to what is generally believed, it shows that the specific legitimacy bestowed by producers and the institutional legitimacy bestowed by elite peers mediate the effects of performance on changes in human brand identity. Brand extension (i.e. new films) incongruence and initial human brand identity moderate the effect of performance on legitimacy. Design/methodology/approach This study is applied to film director human brands and to their extensions through the films they make. Data were collected for 81 films, including information before and after the brand extension occurs, to capture changes in human brand identity and extension effects. Findings The results show that economic performance influences both specific and institutional legitimacy, whereas critical performance only impacts institutional legitimacy. These relationships are moderated by initial human brand identity and congruence. Both types of professional legitimacies also help reinforce human brand identity. Originality/value The study challenges the role of performance on the building of human brand identity and shows that the latter is co-constructed by the branded individual and internal stakeholders. It also enhances the key roles of global incongruence and genre incongruence in the model.
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Mercelis, Joris. "The scientist and the advertisement: Reklamegutachten in imperial Germany." History of Science 58, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 507–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275320916971.
Анотація:
In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Germany, the integration of product-evaluating certificates and reports ( Gutachten) into advertisements triggered repeated condemnations of “advertisement- Gutachten” ( Reklamegutachten), and scientists and science administrators introduced various restrictions to prevent the appearance of such documents. At the same time, the provision of Gutachten to private individuals and firms seemed crucial to the success of many private and public laboratories. Some chemical and other professionals, moreover, argued that the authoring and use of Reklamegutachten could represent a “scientific” and, therefore, ethical practice. By examining the contested history of the advertisement- Gutachten, this article reveals how a previously tolerated knowledge service lost its legitimacy in a particular place and period of time, and highlights the challenges of eliminating this practice or restoring its legitimacy afterward. The article also explores how professional scientists’ approaches to maintaining a reputation for integrity in the face of commercial and competitive pressures related to the better-known efforts of professionals in other fields, particularly the medical. I emphasize that, in determining whether a Gutachten qualified as scientific, the nature and transparency of the underlying research process was only one of the criteria that were considered, and often not the most significant yardstick. At the same time, however, ideas about the personal and professional/institutional integrity of providers of Gutachten were inextricably connected with assessments of the honesty and objectivity of their research.
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Pelling, Mark, Helen Adams, George Adamson, Alejandro Barcena, Sophie Blackburn, Maud Borie, Amy Donovan, Anshu Ogra, Faith Taylor, and Lu Yi. "Building back better from COVID-19: Knowledge, emergence and social contracts." Progress in Human Geography 46, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03091325211059569.
Анотація:
COVID-19 recovery is an opportunity to enhance life chances by Building Back Better, an objective promoted by the UN and deployed politically at national level. To help understand emergent and intentional opportunities to Build Back Better, we propose a research agenda drawing from geographical thinking on social contracts, assemblage theory and the politics of knowledge. This points research towards the ways in which everyday and professional knowledge cocreation constrains vision and action. Whose knowledge is legitimate, how legitimacy is ascribed and the place of science, the media and government in these processes become sites for progressive Building Back Better.
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Paxman, Christina G. "“Everyone thinks I am just lazy”: Legitimacy narratives of Americans suffering from fibromyalgia." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 25, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459319857457.
Анотація:
This qualitative study reflects an analysis of 50 stories told by Americans living with fibromyalgia, a chronic condition marked by widespread physical pain. Stories were randomly collected from The Experience Project, an online public forum, and analyzed using the communication theory of identity as a guiding framework. Thematic analysis was used to examine how the legitimacy narratives of people with fibromyalgia respond to the American discourse of hard work. Three narrative themes emerged from the data: The Personal Experience of Living With Fibromyalgia (personal layer of identity), the Struggle to Complete Everyday and Professional Tasks (enacted layer of identity), and a Limited Ability to Perform Gender Roles (relational layer of identity). Throughout their stories, individuals with FM strive to legitimate their condition and contest the notion that they are lazy. Stories reveal that people suffering from fibromyalgia experience significant personal (e.g. cleaning the house) and professional (e.g. extended sick leave) challenges, as well as serious relational challenges that are often tied to gender roles (e.g. being a good mother). Results provide a variety of implications and directions for future research.
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Hassink, Jan, John Grin, and Willem Hulsink. "Identity formation and strategy development in overlapping institutional fields." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 6 (October 3, 2016): 973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-07-2015-0122.
Анотація:
Purpose Care farming is an underexplored example of agricultural diversification. In their process of diversification, care farmers are newcomers to the healthcare sector, facing high entry barriers and lacking the skills required to build a solid and legitimate presence in this new domain. Changes in the care regime have provided opportunities for new players, like regional organizations of care farmers, to gain access to care budgets. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how strategies designed to establish regional organizations of care farms with similar access to institutional resources unfold and are translated into entrepreneurial behavior, organizational identity and legitimacy, and help provide access to care budgets. Design/methodology/approach Using entrepreneurship, identity formation and legitimacy building as guiding concepts, the authors interviewed stakeholders and analyzed activities and documents to gain a broad perspective with regard to the organizations, skills and activities. Findings The authors identified two types of regional care farm organizations: a cooperative and a corporate type. While the corporate type clearly exhibited entrepreneurial behavior, leading to a trustful and appealing organizational identity, substantial fund-raising and an early manifestation of institutional and innovative legitimacy in the care sector, the cooperative type initially lacked entrepreneurial agency, which in turn led to a lack of legitimacy and a slow development toward a more professional market-oriented organization. Manifesting entrepreneurial behavior and strategically aligning the healthcare and agricultural sectors, and building up both institutional and innovative legitimacy in the care sector proved to be crucial to the successful development of regional organizations of care farms. This study contributes to existing literature by exploring relationships between entrepreneurial and institutional strategies, legitimacy, organizational identity and logics. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by exploring how in times with changes in institutional logics, strategies to establish new organizations unfold. The authors have shown how differences in strategy to establish new organizations with similar access to institutional resources unfold and are translated into diverging organizational identities and degrees of legitimacy. Entrepreneurial behavior is the key to create a trustful and appealing identity and innovative and institutional legitimacy which is important for providing access to an institutionalized sector.
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Seitz, Jonathan. "Clerical Exorcists and the Struggle for Professional Status in Early Modern Venice: Learning, Licensing, and Practice." Renaissance Quarterly 75, no. 3 (2022): 849–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2022.213.
Анотація:
Clerical exorcists occupied an unstable place among healers in early modern Italy. Although recognized by their patients for their skills and knowledge, they were also a potentially disruptive group, given their interactions with malevolent powers and work that transgressed the normal boundaries of clerical activities. Consequently, clerical exorcists had to defend the legitimacy of their activities to skeptical ecclesiastical authorities. The examination of several such defenses by Venetian clerical exorcists reveals how they understood their profession and advocated for its legitimacy using arguments that resonated with discussions in contemporary medicine and natural philosophy.
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Ruiz-Barbadillo, Emiliano, and Jennifer Martínez-Ferrero. "The choice of incumbent financial auditors to provide sustainability assurance and audit services from a legitimacy perspective." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 13, no. 2 (October 25, 2021): 459–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-04-2021-0121.
Анотація:
Purpose Sustainability assurance services are carried out in a competitive market where a wide range of assurance providers operate without the need for any specific professional qualifications, competencies or skills. Assurance providers have heterogeneous professional backgrounds and experiences that lead to substantial diversity in sustainability assurance quality levels. This paper aims to provide an understanding of sustainability assurance quality. From a legitimacy perspective, the authors focus on the choice of assurance providers by exploring why a company voluntarily chooses an incumbent financial auditor to jointly provide audit and sustainability assurance services. The authors argue that to avoid the legitimacy threats undermining stakeholders’ confidence in the sustainability information disclosed, companies should only choose their incumbent financial auditors to provide sustainability assurance services when these auditors possess the professional attributes associated with sustainability assurance quality. Design/methodology/approach This study develops regression models for an international sample for 2007–2016, where the authors analyze why a company voluntarily chooses an incumbent auditor to jointly provide audit and sustainability assurance services from a legitimacy theory perspective. Findings Evidence confirms that the choice of incumbent auditors as assurance providers is more likely when these providers are more specialized in the industry. The authors also find that independence does not play a significant role in this decision. Therefore, an assurance provider’s industry specialization can be understood as an attribute that is associated with sustainability assurance quality and one which limits the legitimacy threats caused by a lack of sufficient sustainability knowledge. Practical implications Given that companies have complete freedom when choosing their assurance providers, the selection of a high-quality incumbent auditor is an indirect measure of social commitment and a mechanism to improve public trust. The results confirm that it is fundamental for firms to understand the situations when choosing an incumbent financial auditor to provide sustainability assurance services is the best way to ensure firm legitimacy while obtaining higher sustainability assurance quality due to the spillover effect. This paper provides useful evidence for firms and managers who can become aware that the legitimacy threat associated with the auditing profession’s questionable competence to conduct efficient sustainability assurance engagements can be reduced if they hire an incumbent financial auditor with greater industry specialization. For assurance providers, the results are especially useful, as they should know that companies will be more likely to choose their incumbent financial auditor when that auditor possesses certain professional attributes, like industry specialization. The ability to assimilate and exploit the knowledge gained through auditing activities can be improved even more by specialization, which enhances sustainability assurance quality. Social implications From a social perspective, stakeholders perceive industry specialization as an indicator of the professional skills necessary to increase both the real and perceived quality of sustainability assurance services, thereby limiting the legitimacy threat arising from a lack of sustainability knowledge. The evidence also provides valuable results for regulatory bodies, as it shows that firms are not able to address the legitimacy gap caused by stakeholders’ perceptions that incumbent financial auditors can easily be controlled by companies. Thus, doubts arise as to whether this joint provision undermines auditor independence. Precisely, these doubts about assurance provider independence can erode public confidence in assurance and devalue the quality of the service. The results of this paper highlight the need to strengthen regulation on sustainability reporting and assurance. The advances and relevance of sustainable development in recent years and in future agendas require a firm commitment to sustainability reporting and assurance of quality, reliability, integrity and confidence. Originality/value First, this study contributes to recent empirical studies that focus on the role of sustainability assurance services in the legitimation process of corporate sustainability reporting. However, while that research analyzes how the legitimacy theory explains the voluntary adoption of sustainability assurance, this paper adds to the literature by presenting evidence about why certain incumbent auditors are appointed to carry out sustainability assurance services. Second, this paper contributes to the sustainability assurance quality literature. Third, unlike previous studies that have regressed various client-specific and institutional factors that influence firms’ decisions to choose assurance providers, this study contributes to the research by providing knowledge about a set of professional features that may explain the decision model of assurance providers selection from a legitimacy perspective.
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Miotto, Giorgia, and Sandra Vilajoana-Alejandre. "Gender equality: a tool for legitimacy in the fast fashion industry." Harvard Deusto Business Research 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/hdbr.244.
Анотація:
Gender equality is an extremely important issue for all businesses, nevertheless the fast fashion industry, which targets mainly the female population, faces major challenges related to women wellbeing and labor rights, employees professional and personal development. The objective of this paper is to analyse how three leading fast fashion companies include gender equality in their sustainability reports as part of their communication strategy and as a tool for legitimations. The main findings show that fast fashion industry focuses the communication based on gender equality issues explaining the improved working conditions and professional development opportunities for the female employees from all around the world along the entire Supply Chain Management.
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Martz, John D., and David J. Myers. "Technological Elites and Political Parties: The Venezuelan Professional Community." Latin American Research Review 29, no. 1 (1994): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100035305.
Анотація:
As Latin America has moved through the second half of the twentieth century, both the public and private sectors have required increasing levels of technological skills and specialized expertise. In the public sector, this necessity has occasioned the rise to prominence of a sector known in Latin America as profesionales y técnicos. This emergent elite has assumed a significant role in shaping and implementing public policy because its members command skills critical to the functioning of modernizing technological society. As a result, participation by professionals and técnicos has become central to bureaucratic efficiency, economic development, and the manipulation of symbols that reinforce political legitimacy. Yet the political role of professionals and técnicos has been little explored, and direct relationships between professional elites and national parties, often central to the democratization of developing nations, have received minimal attention.
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Ogata, Ken. "Stakeholder responses to government austerity: what happens when strong stakeholders fail to react?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315576711.
Анотація:
Using stakeholder theory and a historical case study, I examine how key stakeholders failed to challenge the Alberta provincial government’s fiscal reforms, leading to the emergence of an unlikely champion in the Calgary hospital laundry workers. Notwithstanding that several prominent and powerful professional groups had the opportunity to oppose the government’s reforms, these groups either acquiesced or sought compromise individually with the government. This case calls into question the professions’ ability to protect public institutions under their domain. Points for practitioners In terms of potential implications for public administrators, this case provides an example of professional failure to intercede in the public interest, despite having the power and legitimacy to act according to stakeholder theory. This raises questions as to the circumstances under which professional groups will exercise their advocacy role. Unaddressed are the conditions under which relatively powerless demanding stakeholders can acquire power and legitimacy. Accordingly, administrators ‘relying’ upon established stakeholders as barometers of public opinion may misread public sentiment.
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Stoddard, Ellwyn R. "Legitimacy and survival of a professional organization: The association of borderlands scholars." Journal of Borderlands Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1992): 92–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08865655.1992.9695421.
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Zelinschi, Dragoş. "Legitimacy, expertise and closure in the Romanian accountant’s professional project, 1900—16." Accounting History 14, no. 4 (November 2009): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373209342474.
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Soebbing, Brian P., and Daniel S. Mason. "Managing legitimacy and uncertainty in professional team sport: the NBA's draft lottery." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 15, no. 3/4 (June 12, 2009): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527590910964928.
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Manning, Nick. "Psychiatric diagnosis under conditions of uncertainty: personality disorder, science and professional legitimacy." Sociology of Health and Illness 22, no. 5 (September 2000): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00223.