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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Cassano, John J., Alice DuVivier, Andrew Roberts, Mimi Hughes, Mark Seefeldt, Michael Brunke, Anthony Craig, et al. "Development of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM): Near-Surface Atmospheric Climate Sensitivity." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (August 2017): 5729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0775.1.

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The near-surface climate, including the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land state and fluxes, in the initial version of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) are presented. The sensitivity of the RASM near-surface climate to changes in atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice parameters and physics is evaluated in four simulations. The near-surface atmospheric circulation is well simulated in all four RASM simulations but biases in surface temperature are caused by biases in downward surface radiative fluxes. Errors in radiative fluxes are due to biases in simulated clouds with different versions of RASM simulating either too much or too little cloud radiative impact over open ocean regions and all versions simulating too little cloud radiative impact over land areas. Cold surface temperature biases in the central Arctic in winter are likely due to too few or too radiatively thin clouds. The precipitation simulated by RASM is sensitive to changes in evaporation that were linked to sea surface temperature biases. Future work will explore changes in model microphysics aimed at minimizing the cloud and radiation biases identified in this work.

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Simon, Helge, Tim Sinsel, and Michael Bruse. "Advances in Simulating Radiative Transfer in Complex Environments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 5449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125449.

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Accurate simulation of radiative transfer is a very important aspect in climate modeling. For microclimate models in particular, it is not only important to simulate primary but also secondary radiative fluxes in great detail, i.e., emitted longwave and reflected shortwave radiation. As there are always limitations regarding computational effort and memory, these radiative fluxes are commonly implemented using simplified approaches. To overcome these simplifications and, thus, increase modeling accuracy, a new radiation scheme called indexed view sphere was introduced into the microclimate model ENVI-met. This new scheme actually accounts for radiative contributions of objects that are seen by each grid cell. In order to evaluate the advantages of the new scheme, it is compared against the formerly used averaged view factor scheme. The comparison in a complex realistic urban environment demonstrated that the indexed view sphere scheme improved the accuracy and plausibility of modeling radiative fluxes. It, however, yields an increased demand of memory to store the view facets for each cell. The higher accuracy in simulating secondary radiative fluxes should, however, overturn this shortcoming for most studies, as more detailed knowledge of local microclimatic conditions in general and eventually thermal comfort can be gained.

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Ma, Yingtao, Rachel T. Pinker, Margaret M. Wonsick, Chuan Li, and Laura M. Hinkelman. "Shortwave Radiative Fluxes on Slopes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 7 (July 2016): 1513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0178.1.

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AbstractSnow-covered mountain ranges are a major source of water supply for runoff and groundwater recharge. Snowmelt supplies as much as 75% of the surface water in basins of the western United States. Net radiative fluxes make up about 80% of the energy balance over snow-covered surfaces. Because of the large extent of snow cover and the scarcity of ground observations, use of remotely sensed data is an attractive option for estimating radiative fluxes. Most of the available methods have been applied to low-spatial-resolution satellite observations that do not capture the spatial variability of snow cover, clouds, or aerosols, all of which need to be accounted for to achieve accurate estimates of surface radiative fluxes. The objective of this study is to use high-spatial-resolution observations that are available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to derive surface shortwave (0.2–4.0 μm) downward radiative fluxes in complex terrain, with attention on the effect of topography (e.g., shadowing or limited sky view) on the amount of radiation received. The developed method has been applied to several typical melt seasons (January–July during 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2009) over the western part of the United States, and the available information was used to derive metrics on spatial and temporal variability of shortwave fluxes. Issues of scale in both the satellite and ground observations are also addressed to illuminate difficulties in the validation process of satellite-derived quantities. It is planned to apply the findings from this study to test improvements in estimation of snow water equivalent.

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JHA, T. N. "Characteristics of radiative and non-radiative energy fluxes over monsoon trough zone." MAUSAM 52, no. 3 (January 11, 2022): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v52i3.1729.

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In order to describe behaviour of radiative and non-radiative erergy fluxes in the surface layer, computation of net radiation, sensible, latent and heat soil flux has been done using hourly global radiation, slow response data of MONTBLEX-90 and surface observation of Varanasi and Jodhpur during rainy and non-rainy days in July 1990. Daily and hourly ground temperature is calculated solving one dimensional heat conduction equation and soil heat flux is computed using force restored method .Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is calculated by Stefan-Boltzrnann law of radiation and the largest diurnal variability was found over dry convective zone. Results show that OLR from the ground lies in the range 473.0-537.6 Wm-2 at Jodhpur and 497.4 -548.4 Wm-2 at Varanasi during generally cloudy day. The dip in OLR is increascd by 10% with increase of relative humidity and cloudiness. Daily mean of the largest downward soil heat flux are found as 206.4 and 269.4 Wm-2 at Varanasi and Jodhpur respectively during cloudy day. About 40-50% of net radiation is imparted to soil heat flux at Varanasi and Jodhpur. Sum of the hourly non- radiative energy fluxes has not been balanced by net radiation while daily cumulative value of the fluxes balances the net radiation during non-rainy day.

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Rodriguez-Puebla, C., R. T. Pinker, and S. Nigam. "Relationship between downwelling surface shortwave radiative fluxes and sea surface temperature over the tropical Pacific: AMIP II models versus satellite estimates." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 4 (May 13, 2008): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-785-2008.

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Abstract. Incident shortwave radiation at the Earth's surface is the driving force of the climate system. Understanding the relationship between this forcing and the sea surface temperature, in particular, over the tropical Pacific Ocean is a topic of great interest because of possible climatic implications. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between downwelling shortwave radiative fluxes and sea surface temperature by using available data on radiative fluxes. We assess first the shortwave radiation from three General Circulation Models that participated in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) against estimates of such fluxes from satellites. The shortwave radiation estimated from the satellite is based on observations from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project D1 data and the University of Maryland Shortwave Radiation Budget model (UMD/SRB). Model and satellite estimates of surface radiative fluxes are found to be in best agreement in the central equatorial Pacific, according to mean climatology and spatial correlations. We apply a Canonical Correlation Analysis to determine the interrelated areas where shortwave fluxes and sea surface temperature are most sensitive to climate forcing. Model simulations and satellite estimates of shortwave fluxes both capture well the interannual signal of El Niño-like variability. The tendency for an increase in shortwave radiation from the UMD/SRB model is not captured by the AMIP II models.

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Remy, S., A. Benedetti, T. Haiden, L. Jones, M. Razinger, J. Flemming, R. J. Engelen, V. H. Peuch, and J. N. Thepaut. "Positive feedback of dust aerosol via its impact on atmospheric stability during dust storms in the Eastern Mediterranean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 20 (November 13, 2014): 28147–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-28147-2014.

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Abstract. Aerosols affect the atmosphere through the aerosol-radiation and the aerosol-clouds interactions. In this paper we report on a new mechanism whereby the radiative effect of dust aerosol on surface fluxes acts to increase the dust loading of the atmosphere via modification of boundary-layer stability, thereby acting to enhance the radiative aerosol effect. This positive feedback between dust aerosol and boundary layer stability occurred during a series of dust storms in the Sahara and the Eastern Mediterranean in April 2012, which were studied using the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate – Interim Implementation (MACC-II) system. The radiative fluxes in the shortwave and long-wave spectra were both significantly affected by the prognostic aerosols-radiation interation, which strongly influenced the meteorological simulation. Reduced incoming solar radiation below the aerosol layers caused a decrease in maximum surface temperatures, and consequently a more stable thermal stratification of the lower atmosphere. The increased thermal stability led to decreased surface wind speeds and therefore to smaller amounts of dust aerosol emissions. Larger downwelling long-wave fluxes were associated with the opposite processes: less stable thermal stratification at night, brought mainly by higher minimum temperatures at the surface, caused stronger surface winds. Overall, the impact by the long-wave radiative forcing was more important than the short-wave contribution. This feedback was amplified when taken into account in the aerosol analysis of the MACC-II global system. It lead to a notable improvement in short term forecast of short and long-wave radiative fluxes, of surface temperature but also of the aerosol burden itself. Forecasts of radiative fluxes in the shortwave and long-wave spectrum were also improved. At a longer range the improvement were less important as the forecast error of the aerosol load increased, thereby highlighting the importance of accurate aerosol representation in the study of aerosol-radiation interaction.

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McFarlane, Sally A., and K. Franklin Evans. "Clouds and Shortwave Fluxes at Nauru. Part II: Shortwave Flux Closure." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 21 (November 1, 2004): 2602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3299.1.

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Abstract The datasets currently being collected by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program on the islands of Nauru and Manus represent the longest time series of ground-based cloud measurements in the tropical western Pacific region. In this series of papers, a shortwave flux closure study is presented using observations collected at the Nauru site between June 1999 and May 2000. The first paper presented frequency of occurrence of nonprecipitating clouds detected by the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) at Nauru and statistics of their retrieved microphysical properties. This paper presents estimates of the cloud radiative effect over the study period and results from a closure study in which retrieved cloud properties are input to a radiative transfer model and the modeled surface fluxes are compared to observations. The average surface shortwave cloud radiative forcing is 48.2 W m−2, which is significantly smaller than the cloud radiative forcing estimates found during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) field project. The difference in the estimates during the two periods is due to the variability in cloud amount over Nauru during different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the closure study, modeled and observed surface fluxes show large differences at short time scales, due to the temporal and spatial variability of the clouds observed at Nauru. Averaging over 60 min reduces the average root-mean-square difference in total flux to 10% of the observed flux. Modeled total downwelling fluxes are unbiased with respect to the observed fluxes while direct fluxes are underestimated and diffuse fluxes are overestimated. Examination of the differences indicates that cloud amount derived from the ground-based measurements is an overestimate of the radiatively important cloud amount due to the anisotropy of the cloud field at Nauru, interpolation of the radar data, uncertainty in the microwave brightness temperature measurements for thin clouds, and the uncertainty in relating the sixth moment of the droplet size distribution observed by the radar to the more radiatively important moments.

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Walsh, John E., William L. Chapman, and Diane H. Portis. "Arctic Cloud Fraction and Radiative Fluxes in Atmospheric Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2009): 2316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2213.1.

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Abstract Arctic radiative fluxes, cloud fraction, and cloud radiative forcing are evaluated from four currently available reanalysis models using data from the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Barrow site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). A primary objective of the ARM–NSA program is to provide a high-resolution dataset of direct measurements of Arctic clouds and radiation so that global climate models can better parameterize high-latitude cloud radiative processes. The four reanalysis models used in this study are the 1) NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis, 2) 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), 3) NCEP–NCAR North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and 4) Japan Meteorological Agency and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA25). The reanalysis models simulate the radiative fluxes well if/when the cloud fraction is simulated correctly. However, the systematic errors of climatological reanalysis cloud fractions are substantial. Cloud fraction and radiation biases show considerable scatter, both in the annual mean and over a seasonal cycle, when compared to those observed at the ARM–NSA. Large seasonal cloud fraction biases have significant impacts on the surface energy budget. Detailed comparisons of ARM and reanalysis products reveal that the persistent low-level cloud fraction in summer is particularly difficult for the reanalysis models to capture creating biases in the shortwave radiation flux that can exceed 160 W m−2. ERA-40 is the best performer in both shortwave and longwave flux seasonal representations at Barrow, largely because its simulation of the cloud coverage is the most realistic of the four reanalyses. Only two reanalyses (ERA-40 and NARR) capture the observed transition from positive to negative surface net cloud radiative forcing during a 2–3-month period in summer, while the remaining reanalyses indicate a net warming impact of Arctic clouds on the surface energy budget throughout the entire year. The authors present a variable cloud radiative forcing metric to diagnose the erroneous impact of reanalysis cloud fraction on the surface energy balance. The misrepresentations of cloud radiative forcing in some of the reanalyses are attributable to errors in both simulated cloud amounts and the models’ radiative response to partly cloudy conditions.

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Chervet, P., H. Isaka, and T. Nakajima. "Influence of crystal shapes on radiative fluxes in visible wavelength: ice crystals randomly oriented in space." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 8 (August 31, 1996): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0837-5.

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Abstract. Radiative properties of cirrus clouds are one of the major unsolved problems in climate studies and global radiation budget. These clouds are generally composed of various ice-crystal shapes, so we tried to evaluate effects of the ice-crystal shape on radiative fluxes. We calculated radiative fluxes of cirrus clouds with a constant geometrical depth, composed of ice crystals with different shapes (hexagonal columns, bullets, bullet-rosettes), sizes and various concentrations. We considered ice particles randomly oriented in space (3D case) and their scattering phase functions were calculated by a ray-tracing method. We calculated radiative fluxes for cirrus layers for different microphysical characteristics by using a discrete-ordinate radiative code. Results showed that the foremost effect of the ice-crystal shape on radiative properties of cirrus clouds was that on the optical thickness, while the variation of the scattering phase function with the ice shape remained less than 3% for our computations. The ice-water content may be a better choice to parameterize the optical properties of cirrus, but the shape effect must be included.

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Wang, H., R. T. Pinker, P. Minnis, and M. M. Khaiyer. "Experiments with Cloud Properties: Impact on Surface Radiative Fluxes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecho546.1.

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Abstract Solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface provides the primary forcing of the climate system, and thus, information on this parameter is needed at a global scale. Several satellite-based estimates of surface radiative fluxes are available, but they differ from each other in many aspects. The focus of this study is to highlight one aspect of such differences, namely, the way satellite-observed radiances are used to derive information on cloud optical properties and the impact this has on derived parameters such as surface radiative fluxes. Frequently, satellite visible radiance in a single channel is used to infer cloud transmission; at times, several spectral channels are utilized to derive cloud optical properties and use these to infer cloud transmission. In this study, an evaluation of these two approaches will be performed in terms of impact on the accuracy in surface radiative fluxes. The University of Maryland Satellite Radiation Budget (UMD/SRB) model is used as a tool to perform such an evaluation over the central United States. The estimated shortwave fluxes are evaluated against ground observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Central Facility and at four ARM extended sites. It is shown that the largest differences between these two approaches occur during the winter season when snow is on the ground.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Wang, Hengmao. "Inferring radiative fluxes from new generation of satellites model updates /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7356.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Sopkin, Kristin L. "Heat fluxes in Tampa Bay, Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002398.

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Tornow, Florian [Verfasser]. "Contributions to Estimating Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Fluxes using EarthCARE’s Broadband Radiometer / Florian Tornow." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176633597/34.

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Guilbert, Simonne. "Comparaisons des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL et CERES / Aqua : amélioration des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR027.

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Dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique, il est essentiel de bien caractériser et de pouvoir suivre dans le temps le bilan d'énergie radiative terrestre au sommet de l'atmosphère et à la surface. Du point de vue de la mesure, obtenir une estimation correcte du bilan radiatif passe par la détermination précise des flux radiatifs solaire et infra-rouge. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les flux radiatifs solaires obtenus à partir du radiomètre français POLDER embarqué sur le microsatellite PARASOL du CNES. Une première partie des travaux de thèse présentés consiste à comparer les produits opérationnels actuels de POLDER avec les flux de référence obtenus par les radiomètres à large bande spectrale CERES sur les plates-formes spatiales américaines Aqua et Terra. La comparaison est faite sur deux périodes, la première pour laquelle nous disposons de mesures coïncidentes (2005-2009), et la seconde qui correspond à une période de dérive du satellite PARASOL (2010-2013). Nous montrons que cette dérive a eu un impact direct sur les observations, avec des répercussions sur les flux calculés. En effet, sur la période de coïncidence des mesures les flux POLDER sont très proches des flux CERES pour deux des produits étudiés (SSF1deg, SYN1deg) avec des différences relatives inférieures à 2% jusqu'en décembre 2009. Après cette date, la différence relative augmente. Un effet de compensation terres/océans est par ailleurs mis en évidence. Les résultats obtenus suite à cette comparaison nous ont menés à étudier plus particulièrement la composante de l'algorithme qui permet d'obtenir les moyennes mensuelles des flux POLDER. Celle-ci concerne l'extrapolation diurne, utilisée pour obtenir des estimations de l'albédo à toutes les heures de la journée à partir d'une seule observation en utilisant des modèles qui dépendent de la scène observée. Les modèles utilisés actuellement sont issus de quatre mois d'observations POLDER-1 (1996-1997) et nous avons décidé de mettre à profit les données obtenues sur l'ensemble de la mission PARASOL pour améliorer ces modèles. Les flux solaires obtenus avec les nouveaux modèles présentent moins de dépendance à la dérive au-dessus des océans mais une tendance encore visible au-dessus des terres. Ces résultats nous ont amenés à proposer plusieurs pistes d'amélioration, principalement en augmentant le nombre de modèles POLDER. Ces travaux, basés sur les mesures de POLDER qui a cessé de fonctionner en décembre 2013 mais dont les données sont disponibles, seront en grande partie réutilisables pour le futur radiomètre multispectral, multi-angulaire et polarisé 3MI, développé par l'ESA et EUMETSAT et qui sera embarqué sur la prochaine mission spatiale opérationnelle EPS-SG d'EUMETSAT à partir de 2024 pour une durée d'environ 20 ans
In the context of climate change, it is essential to estimate precisely and be able to monitor over time the energy balance of the Earth at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface. In terms of measurement, obtaining a correct estimate of the radiative balance requires a precise determination of the shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes. The objective of this thesis is to assess the solar radiative fluxes obtained from the French radiometer POLDER on board the PARASOL microsatellite supported by CNES. A first part of the thesis presents a comparison between the operational products computed from POLDER observations with the reference fluxes obtained through the broadband radiometers CERES on the NASA space platforms Aqua and Terra. The comparisons are made over two periods: first a period with coincident measurements (2005-2009), then a second period which corresponds to the drift of the PARASOL satellite (2010-2013). We show that this drift had an impact on the observations, with strong repercussions on the calculated fluxes. Over the period of coincidence of the measurements, POLDER fluxes are very close to the fluxes from CERES for two of the products studied (CERES SSF1deg and CERES SYN1deg) with relative differences under 2% until December 2009. After 2010, the relative difference increases with the drift. A land/ocean compensation effect is also revealed. The results obtained through these comparisons led us to study in detail the component of the algorithm used to obtain the monthly means of POLDER shortwave fluxes. This part of the algorithm is the diurnal extrapolation, used to estimate a value of albedo at all hours of the day from a single observation using models that are scene-dependent. The models used for the operational products were built using four months of POLDER-1 observations (1996-1997). We decided to take advantage of the data obtained throughout the entire PARASOL mission to improve these models. The shortwave fluxes obtained with the new models show less dependence on the drift over oceans but a drift is still present over lands. These results led to several propositions that could improve POLDER's shortwave fluxes, mainly by increasing the number of POLDER models. This work, based on measurements from POLDER-3, which was shut down in December 2013, but whose data is available, will be largely reusable for the future multispectral, multi-angular and polarized radiometer 3MI, developed by ESA and EUMETSAT and which will fly onboard the EPS-SG mission supported by EUMETSAT from 2024, for approximately 20 years

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Moreira, Demerval S., Karla M. Longo, Saulo R. Freitas, Marcia A. Yamasoe, Lina M. Mercado, Nilton E. Rosário, Emauel Gloor, et al. "Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region." COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626421.

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Анотація:

Every year, a dense smoke haze covers a large portion of South America originating from fires in the Amazon Basin and central parts of Brazil during the dry biomass burning season between August and October. Over a large portion of South America, the average aerosol optical depth at 550 nm exceeds 1.0 during the fire season, while the background value during the rainy season is below 0.2. Biomass burning aerosol particles increase scattering and absorption of the incident solar radiation. The regional-scale aerosol layer reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, cools the near-surface air, and increases the diffuse radiation fraction over a large disturbed area of the Amazon rainforest. These factors affect the energy and CO2 fluxes at the surface. In this work, we applied a fully integrated at-mospheric model to assess the impact of biomass burning aerosols in CO2 fluxes in the Amazon region during 2010. We address the effects of the attenuation of global solar radiation and the enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation flux inside the vegetation canopy. Our results indicate that biomass burning aerosols led to increases of about 27% in the gross primary productivity of Amazonia and 10% in plant respiration as well as a decline in soil respiration of 3%. Consequently, in our model Amazonia became a net carbon sink; net ecosystem exchange during September 2010 dropped from +101 to -104 TgC when the aerosol effects are considered, mainly due to the aerosol diffuse radiation effect. For the forest biome, our results point to a dominance of the diffuse radiation effect on CO2 fluxes, reaching a balance of 50-50% between the diffuse and direct aerosol effects for high aerosol loads. For C3 grasses and savanna (cerrado), as expected, the contribution of the diffuse radiation effect is much lower, tending to zero with the increase in aerosol load. Taking all biomes together, our model shows the Amazon during the dry season, in the presence of high biomass burning aerosol loads, changing from being a source to being a sink of CO2 to the atmosphere.

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Wonsick, Margaret M. "High-resolution clouds and radiative fluxes from satellites transferability of methods and application to monsoon regions /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9258.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Voogt, James Adrian. "Validation of an urban canyon radiation model for nocturnal long-wave radiative fluxes and the effect of surface geometry on cooling in urban canyons." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27679.

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The urban canyon radiation model of Arnfield (1976, 1982) is validated using measurements of long-wave fluxes taken within a scale urban canyon constructed from concrete building blocks. A custom-designed traversing system allowed miniature radiometers to be automatically moved around the perimeter of a canyon cross-section thereby providing for the validation of individual model grid-points. Measured model input consists of surface temperatures obtained using fine wire themocouples, incident long-wave radiation at the canyon top, and emissivity of canyon materials. Tests were conducted to establish the expected accuracy and precision of the input data. Surface temperature data were filtered to remove a noise component. A probable error analysis of all measured model input and validation data is made. Sensitivity tests of the model to variations in input data are presented. Surface temperature is the dominant control under the conditions tested. Model-calculated view-factors are shown to be in error for adjacent corner points and are replaced with view-factors calculated using equations derived from the Nusselt Unit Sphere method (Steyn, pers. comm.) Validation results for a range of canyon height-to-width ratios, meteorological conditions and model parameters are presented. Excellent agreement between modelled and measured fluxes is obtained for points on the canyon floor and top. The agreement for fluxes at points on the canyon walls is generally good but is shown to suffer from errors in sensor orientation relative to the canyon walls. Use of the Unsworth and Monteith (1975) radiance distribution improves model performance statistics for incident and net long-wave radiation. Four different estimates of surface temperature are used as model input in place of the measured values to investigate the differences in the model output. Surface temperature-based estimates are found to be superior to those based upon air temperature. The use of unmodified screen-level air temperatures measured at Vancouver Airport produces the poorest agreement. The temporal and spatial variation of in-canyon temperatures and radiation are presented for three canyon height-to-width ratios. The canyon geometry is shown to significantly reduce the surface cooling on the canyon floor compared to an open site under ideal radiative cooling conditions. Results are compared to previous results from scale models (Oke, 1981) and field studies (Oke and Maxwell, 1975; Hogstrdm et al., 1978). . Atmospheric controls of incident long-wave radiation, wind speed and direction are also shown to affect the observed cooling.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Gruber, Simon [Verfasser]. "Contrails and Climate Engineering - Process Studies on Natural and Artificial High-Level Clouds and Their Impact on the Radiative Fluxes / Simon Gruber." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186144742/34.

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Gruber, Simon [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kottmeier. "Contrails and Climate Engineering - Process Studies on Natural and Artificial High-Level Clouds and Their Impact on the Radiative Fluxes / Simon Gruber ; Betreuer: C. Kottmeier." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177147173/34.

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Zheng, Lu. "Examining the impact of wildfire smoke aerosol on clouds, precipitation, and radiative fluxes in Northern America and Russia using a fully coupled meso-scale model WRF-Chem-SMOKE and satellite data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52338.

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We developed a fully-coupled meso-scale model WRF-Chem-SMOKE by incorporating a selection of smoke emission models and improving the representations of aerosol-cloud interactions in the microphysics scheme. We find that the difference in smoke emissions between different datasets, even in one fire cluster, could lead to significant discrepancies in modeled AODs. The integrated smoke emission dataset improves the prediction of modeled AODs. We find that the modeled cloud properties and precipitation are extremely sensitive to the smoke loadings. Higher smoke loadings suppress precipitation initially, because of smoke-induced reduction of the collision-coalescence and riming processes, but ultimately cause an invigoration of precipitation.

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Книги з теми "Radiative fluxes"

White, K. Alan. Ignition of cellulosic paper at low radiant fluxes. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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WMO/ICSU Joint Scientific Committee. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the first session of the JSC Working Group on Radiative Fluxes, Greenbelt, USA, 14-17 December 1987. [Geneva]: World Meteorological Organization, 1988.

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World Climate Research Programme. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the fourth session of the WCRP Working Group on Radiative Fluxes (Palm Springs, U.S.A., 24-27 September 1991). [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1992.

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World Climate Research Programme. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the third session of the WCRP Working Group on Radiative Fluxes (Fort Lauderdale, U.S.A., 12-15, December 1989). [Paris]: International Council of Scientific Unions, 1990.

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Welch, Ronald M. The effects of cloud inhomogeneities upon radiative fluxes, and the supply of a cloud truth validation dataset: Semi-annual progress report, period: January-June 1996. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Kanemasu, Edward T. Measuring surface fluxes in CAPE. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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O'Brien, D. M. Radiation fluxes and cloud amounts predicted by the CSIRO nine level GCM and observed by ERBE and ISCCP. [Melbourne]: CSIRO Australia, 1993.

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Beddini, Robert A. Analysis of turbulent convective and radiative heat transfer in high temperature rocket chamber flows. New York: AIAA, 1987.

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Huston, S. L. Space environment effects: Low-altitude trapped radiation model. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.

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L, Blad Blaine, University of Nebraska--Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Measuring and modeling near-surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site: Final report for period April 15, 1987-May 31, 1990. Lincoln, Neb: Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Pinker, Rachel T. "Surface Radiative Fluxes." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 806–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_199.

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Padmakumari, B., Vijay Kumar Soni, and M. N. Rajeevan. "Trends in Radiative Fluxes Over the Indian Region." In Springer Geology, 145–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2531-0_9.

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de Camargo, D. Q., B. E. J. Bodmann, M. T. Vilhena, and C. F. Segatto. "Analytical Study of Computational Radiative Fluxes in a Heterogeneous Medium." In Integral Methods in Science and Engineering, 91–104. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7828-7_7.

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Susa, Masahiro, Yuta Kono, Rie Endo, and Yoshinao Kobayashi. "Effects of CaF2on the Radiative Heat Transfer in Mould Fluxes for Continuous Steel Casting." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts, 327–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch35.

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Susa, Masahiro, Yuta Kono, Rie Endo, and Yoshinao Kobayashi. "Effects of CaF2 on the Radiative Heat Transfer in Mould Fluxes for Continuous Steel Casting." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016, 327–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_35.

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Saar, Steven H., and C. J. Schrijver. "Empirical relations between magnetic fluxes and atmospheric radiative losses for cool dwarf stars." In Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, 38–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-18653-0_102.

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Wild, M. "Decadal Changes in Surface Radiative Fluxes and Their Role in Global Climate Change." In Climate Variability and Extremes during the Past 100 Years, 155–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_10.

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Liang, Shunlin, Kaicun Wang, Wenhui Wang, Dongdong Wang, Sheng Gui, Xiaotong Zhang, Jeremy Mirmelstein, et al. "Mapping High-Resolution Land Surface Radiative Fluxes from MODIS: Algorithms and Preliminary Validation Results." In Geospatial Technology for Earth Observation, 141–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0050-0_6.

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Shi, Lei. "Derivation of Surface Temperature, Albedo, and Radiative Fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Measurement." In The GeoJournal Library, 363–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5676-9_21.

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Barker, H. W., S. Kato, and T. Wehr. "Computation of Solar Radiative Fluxes by 1D and 3D Methods Using Cloudy Atmospheres Inferred from A-train Satellite Data." In Observing and Modelling Earth's Energy Flows, 325–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4327-4_21.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Lino Da Silva, Mario, and James Beck. "Contribution of CO2 IR Radiation to Martian Entries Radiative Wall Fluxes." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-135.

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Savajano, Romain, Daniel F. Potter, and Pe´ne´lope Leyland. "Numerical Simulations of Heat Fluxes for Atmospheric Re-Entries." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44234.

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During atmospheric (re-)entries, planetary probes encounter huge heat fluxes due to their significant speed (up to 13 km/s for an Earth re-entry). The total heat flux received by the probe can be divided into two main components: a convective one (coming from the conduction and diffusion phenomena occuring in the shock layer) and a radiative one (due to the radiation of certain species). Numerical simulations have been performed for both Titan (Huygens mission) and Earth (Fire II mission) entries. The main parameters influencing the results are the atmosphere composition, the chemical reaction scheme, the transport model and the radiative model. The results obtained gave us information on the flowfield (temperature, pressure, species densities...) and values for the heat fluxes on the wall that are useful for experimental or flight data comparison.

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Evans, Wayne F. J., and Eldon Puckrin. "Remote sensing measurements of greenhouse gas radiative fluxes." In Optical Technologies for Industrial, Environmental, and Biological Sensing, edited by James O. Jensen and Jean-Marc Theriault. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.519191.

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Selc¸uk, Nevin, Isil Ayranci, and Yusuf Gogebakan. "Effect of Recycle on Radiative Heat Transfer in the Freeboard of a Fluidized Bed Combustor." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78069.

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Effect of recycle on radiative heat transfer in the freeboard of a fluidized bed combustor is investigated by applying a previously developed 3-D radiation model to the prediction of incident radiative heat fluxes along the freeboard walls of lignite-fired 0.3 MWt Middle East Technical University (METU) Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor (ABFBC) Test Rig and comparing its predictions with measurements. Freeboard is treated as a rectangular enclosure containing gray, absorbing, emitting and isotropically scattering medium bounded by gray and diffuse walls. Radiative properties of the medium are calculated by using Leckner’s correlations for gas and Mie theory for polydisperse particle cloud. Radiative transfer equation for this system is solved by using Method of Lines (MOL) solution of Discrete Ordinates Method (DOM). Experimental data required for application and validation are generated from two runs in which parameters other than recycle ratio was held as nearly constant as possible. Comparisons between predicted incident radiative heat fluxes and measurements with and without recycle reveal that the agreement is excellent and that the effect of recycle on incident radiative heat fluxes is significant. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the effect of particle load on fluxes. Predictions are found to be relatively insensitive to the particle load but strongly affected by the temperature profile.

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Gomez-Ramirez, David, Srinath V. Ekkad, Brian Y. Lattimer, Hee-Koo Moon, Yong Kim, and Ram Srinivasan. "Separation of Radiative and Convective Wall Heat Fluxes Using Thermal Infrared Measurements Applied to Flame Impingement." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52322.

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Flame impingement is critical for the processing and energy industries. The high heat transfer rates obtained with impinging flames are relevant in metal flame cutting, welding, and brazing; in fire research to understand the effects of flames on the structures of buildings; and in the design of high temperature combustion systems. Most of the studies on flame impingement are limited to surfaces perpendicular to the flame, and measurements are often performed using heat flux sensors (such as Schmidt-Boelter heat flux transducers) at discrete locations along the target surface. The use of in-situ probes provides high accuracy but heavily limits the spatial resolution of the measurement. Moreover, flame radiation effects are often neglected, due to the small contribution in non-luminous flames, and the entire heat flux to the target is assumed to be due to convection. Depending on the character of the flame and the impingement surface, local radiative heat transfer can be significant, and the contribution of radiation effects has not been fully quantified. This study presents a novel non-intrusive method with high spatial resolution to simultaneously determine the convective and radiative heat fluxes at a wall interacting with a flame or other high temperature environment. Two initial proof of concept experiments were conducted to evaluate the viability of the technique: one consisting of a flame impinging normal to a target and another with a flame parallel to the target surface. Application of the methodology to the former case yielded a stagnation convective heat flux in the order of 106kWm−2 that decreased radially away from the stagnation point. The radiation field for the direct impingement case accounted on average for 4.4% of the overall mean heat flux. The latter experiment exemplified a case with low convective heat fluxes, which was correctly predicted by the measurement. The radiative heat fluxes were consistent between the parallel and perpendicular cases.

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Zhuravleva, Tatiana B. "Shortwave radiative fluxes in one-layer (water-droplet) broken clouds." In Fifth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Vladimir E. Zuev and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.337004.

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Clerbaux, Nicolas, Cedric Bertrand, Steven Dewitte, Luis Gonzalez, Alessandro Ipe, and Bogdan Nicula. "Estimation of TOA radiative fluxes from the GERB instrument data." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Marija Strojnik. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.503820.

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Li, Genong, and Michael F. Modest. "Importance of Turbulence-Radiation Interactions in Turbulent Reacting Flows." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33916.

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Traditional modeling of radiative transfer in reacting flows has ignored turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI). Radiative fluxes, flux divergences and radiative properties have been based on mean temperature and concentration fields. However, both experimental and theoretical work have suggested that mean radiative quantities may differ significantly from those predictions based on the mean parameters because of their strongly nonlinear dependence on the temperature and concentration fields. The composition PDF method is able to consider many nonlinear interactions rigorously, and the method is used here to study turbulence-radiation interactions. This paper tries to answer two basic questions: (1) whether turbulence-radiation interactions are important in turbulent flames or not; (2) if they are important, then what correlations need to be considered in the simulation to capture them. After conducting many flame simulations, it was observed that, on average, TRI effects account for about 1/3 of the total drop in flame peak temperature caused by radiative heat losses. In addition, this study shows that consideration of the temperature self correlation alone is not sufficient to capture TRI, but that the complete absorption coefficient–Planck function correlation must be considered.

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Wild, Martin. "Relevance of decadal variations in surface radiative fluxes for climate change." In RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4804873.

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Tremante, Andrés, and Freddy Malpica. "Contribution of Thermal Radiation to the Temperature Profile of Ceramic Composite Materials." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-325.

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The steady energy transfer equation by simultaneous conduction and radiation in an absorbing, emitting and non-scattering gray planar medium is studied theoretically. For extremely high-temperature applications, where radiative transfer plays an important role, ceramic-matrix composites, considered as semitransparent materials, are being explored for potential use in turbine and compressors components, spacecraft structures, engine control systems and nuclear reactors. Exact solution of the above mentioned radiative problems is seldom possible and large-time consuming numerical approximations are then used. A technique combining an accurate physical formulation, the two-flux model, coupled to a fast numerical procedure for the calculation of the temperature and heat fluxes is described.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Radiative fluxes"

Riihimaki, Laura D., K. L. Gaustad, and Charles N. Long. Radiative Flux Analysis (RADFLUXANAL) Value-Added Product: Retrieval of Clear-Sky Broadband Radiative Fluxes and Other Derived Values. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569477.

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Wehr, Tobias, ed. EarthCARE Mission Requirements Document. European Space Agency, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.earthcare-mrd.2006.

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ESA's EarthCARE (Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) mission - scheduled to be launched in 2024 - is the largest and most complex Earth Explorer to date and will advance our understanding of the role that clouds and aerosols play in reflecting incident solar radiation back into space and trapping infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface. The mission is being implemented in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). It carries four scientific instruments. The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID), operating at 355 nm wavelength and equipped with a high-spectral resolution and depolarisation receiver, measures profiles of aerosols and thin clouds. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR, contribution of JAXA), operates at 94 GHz to measure clouds and precipitation, as well as vertical motion through its Doppler functionality. The Multi-Spectral Imager provides across-track information of clouds and aerosols. The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures the outgoing reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation in order to derive broad-band radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere. The Mission Requirement Document defines the scientific mission objectives and observational requirements of EarthCARE. The document has been written by the ESA-JAXA Joint Mission Advisory Group for EarthCARE.

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Grossman, A. S., K. E. Grant, and D. J. Wuebbles. Radiative flux calculations at UV and visible wavelengths. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108002.

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Austin, Philip J., Robert R. Buch, and Takashi Kashiwagi. Gasification of silicone fluids under external thermal radiation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6041.

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Whiteman, C. D., and Sebastian W. Hoch. Role of Radiative Flux Divergence in Stable Boundary Layer Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545624.

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Fiksel, G., J. Frank, and D. Holly. Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the MST Reversed Field Pinch. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138427.

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Ogren, John A., Ellsworth G. Dutton, and Allison C. McComiskey. Development of Aerosol Models for Radiative Flux Calculations at ARM Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/936852.

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Till, Andrew. Discretization Writeup for Grey Flux-Limited Radiation Diffusion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1716739.

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Long, CN. The ARM Southern Great Plains Central Facility Best Estimate Radiative Flux CD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020734.

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