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1
Hrushko, Svitlana. "LANGUAGE CODE OF PERCEPTION OF SCIENTIFIC TEXT IN THE COMMUNICATIVE ACT OF THE AUTHOR AND RECIPIENT." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-7.
Анотація:
The article discusses the features of the activities of an author and recipient at different stages of the communication process in the perception of a scientific text. Studies of the peculiar influence of the language code on the perception of information in the context of the communicative act of the author of the message and the recipient in the modern information society are among the most relevant nowadays. Creation of a scientific and technical message and its publication are aimed at effective perception of information and achieving a certain linguistic influence of the author of the message on the consciousness of the recipient through the display of the peculiarities of the author's way of thinking. The beginning of scientific communication is the need for certain information of recipients. The response to this need is the proposal of necessary information by the author. The information needs of the recipients form the subject matter and content of scientific and technical communication. The author of the scientific message chooses the most convenient way and channel for the transfer of information to the recipient, and the recipient searches for the necessary information in the most optimal way and channel. The coding of the message usually corresponds to the coding of the informational need of the recipient. The context of the informational message for the author includes the main purpose of creating the message, and for the recipient, the satisfaction of the informational need. For the author, the text is a way of transmitting the message, and for the recipient, it is a source of information. The linguistic activity of the author is focused on the effective satisfaction of consumers’ information needs and on achieving a certain influence on the consciousness of the recipient. The main means of communication is the language of the message of scientific and technical orientation, which expresses its main content, semantic content, logical structure of the information component, which facilitates the process of decoding and assimilation of the message. The structure of a scientific and technical text depends on the genre and target audience. The genre can be viewed as a way of influencing the recipient's consciousness.
2
Filippova, Irina Nikolaevna. "RECIPIENT FACTOR IN POETIC TRANSLATION DIACHRONY." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-435-450.
Анотація:
The paper's aim is to analyze transchronical interlingual and intercultural poetic communication. Special attention is paid to the recipient, his significance in diachronic translation is investigated. Linguistic and cultural aspects of poetic communication are analyzed: realities, historicisms, archaisms, phraseological units, allusions. The recipient factor is actively studied in pragmalinguistics, which finds common ground with translation studies and the theory of intercultural communication. The research is based on the integrative method: descriptive, contextual, comparative and discursive analysis are used. The paper reveals the synergetic nature of the recipient, unique on age, gender, worldview, political and cultural characteristics; cognitive dissonance of the author and the recipient in monolingual and in interlanguage communication are revealed. The actual basis is the novel in verse Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, written almost 200 years ago and numerous translations made at different times (1840-2008). The studied empirical material leads to the following conclusions. The translation multiplicity in transchronical transfer of cultural heritage to foreign languages is natural and unavoidable. The search for adequate means of intercultural translation of poetry is transcendental in nature. The syncretic nature of the poetic sign in diachrony strengthens the discrepancy between the recipient's and the author's conceptual and thematic knowledge content. This is particularly evident in terms of the transf chronic communication when the author and recipient are separated by a significant time interval. The source language recipients and the target language recipients have objective sociocultural differences which are more evident in transtemporal interlingual communication. The above-mentioned factors interact in the complex synergistic system that is impossible to cognize and to describe in a reductive linguistic theory of translation. On the basis of insufficiency of the reductionism of the linguistic translation, can be expected the transition to the methodology of holism translation. Holism as a methodological principle and philosophy of knowledge has found effective application in the Humanities. Its use in translation in cross-cultural, cross-language and TRANS chronic communication appear to be objectively necessary. The need for pragmatic adaptation and the borders of its approximate values is to be verified in further studies, combining pragmalinguistics, cognitive linguistics, translation studies, functional stylistics, discourse analysis and linguocognitive translation.
3
Chirawattanakij, Suphong, and Vichita Vathanophas Ractham. "Enhancing knowledge adoption with recipients’ characteristics." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2014-0155.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to envisage human characteristics and resources as critical factors in the adoption process. While an individual’s intention to adopt knowledge is considered as the primary motivator in the adoption process, these characteristics, in the appropriate amount, can accelerate the recipients’ knowledge adoption behavior. In this study four personal characteristics, comprising shared language between a knowledge sender and a recipient, the recipient’s prior knowledge, the recipient’s enjoyment in adopting knowledge, and the recipient’s self-confidence have been chosen. Methodology – This research uses four human characteristics, consisting of shared language between knowledge senders and recipients, recipients’ prior knowledge, recipients’ enjoyment in knowledge adoption, and recipients’ self-confidence, to identify their optimal roles in the adoption process. Along with the intention to adopt new knowledge, each of these characteristics was tested in both forms. A survey was conducted with white collar workers. Nine models were designed and regression technique was used for analyzing data and interpreting outcomes of these models. Findings – This study reveals that shared language between a knowledge sender and a recipient as well as a recipient’s self-confidence to adopt new knowledge directly enhances the individual’s likelihood to start learning. Shared language and self-confidence perform better as mutual predictors, while prior knowledge and enjoyment are the moderators. Originality value – The research outcome is beneficial in the designing of organizational business strategies. Shared language between an instructor and a learner increases likelihood to adopt knowledge, thus it is advantageous to arrange prerequisite mandatory courses in order to enhance a learner’s language proficiencies. Organizations can leverage their employees’ prior knowledge if it is perceived to be low. To do so, supervisors should link eagerness in learning and augmenting competencies to career advancement. Advice from, and rapport with a supervisor is essential. Effective strategies can improve the knowledge sharing goals, and in turn achieve business objectives as a whole.
4
Harjunpää, Katariina. "Recipiency and peripheral participation in language brokering." Calidoscópio 19, no. 2 (September 3, 2021): 152–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/cld.2021.192.01.
Анотація:
In a multilingual situation where some participants do not speak or understand one of the used languages, the participants need to balance between the language choice and the restrictions it creates for opportunities to participate. In this conversation analytic study, I examine how participants manage differentiated possibilities of participation in asymmetrically multilingual interactions in instances of language brokering and to what extent does brokering draw the recipient into the conversation. The paper concludes, first, that participants’ embodied displays of recipiency toward a main speaker, whose talk they cannot (fully) understand, as well as embodied displays of disengagement from the conversation, can serve to “recruit” linguistic assistance from others. Second, the broker’s orientations to the recipient’s participation status are reflected in the content of the brokering turns. The study thereby demonstrates how participants multimodally negotiate forms of peripheral participation and their accountability. The study argues that, although language brokering is done only occasionally and includes great variation in terms of how prior talk is translated, these practices are not random but result from a systematic interactional organization of action and participation.
5
Seifart, Frank. "Does Structural-Typological Similarity Affect Borrowability?" Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 1 (2015): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501004.
Анотація:
This study addresses the question whether the borrowability of linguistic forms, in particular affixes, is constrained by structural properties of the donor and recipient languages involved. According to some claims, structural similarity favors affix borrowing. On some accounts, structural compatibility of a certain kind is even a precondition for affix borrowing. This study tests these claims using data from a set of 78 languages that borrowed between one and 50 affixes, taken from the AfBo database (Seifart, 2013a). The extent of affix borrowing in this set of languages is compared with structural similarity scores for the donor and recipient languages involved, obtained from morphosyntactic features provided in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer and Haspelmath, 2011). Results suggest that structural similarity between a (potential) donor and recipient language plays at best a minor role in determining the extent of affix borrowing. This supports the view that bilingual speakers are not—at least not strongly—constrained by structural factors of the languages they speak when creating mixed varieties of these languages, resulting in contact-induced language change.
6
Lastovka, Elena Yu. "VISUAL COMPARISON IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE POLITICAL ADVERTISING." PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, no. 2 (2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-2-168-177.
Анотація:
The article carries a review of research works on visual stylistic means in advertising. Researchers see them as the means of manipulation that evoke specific associations and assessments in recipients. The main aim of the article is to prove the validity of identification of visual comparison as visual stylistic means. Visual comparisonin political advertising is regarded as an ideological means of influence on a global recipient. Visual comparison is in the nature of correlation or opposition and is effectively used in political advertising compared to other visual stylistic means.The correlation includes two images that are used to draw the attention of the addressee to certain socio-political problems, to form a positive image of the candidate and his program. The mean of opposition is based on a comparison of two antagonistic images, which forces the recipient to make a choice in favor of one of them. The obtained results can be used for further development of the theory of visual textual stylistics and for the creation of texts of politicalInternet advertising.
7
Polok, Krzysztof. "The “hamburger” story; or on Anglicisms in Polish." Topics in Linguistics 18, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/topling-2017-0001.
Анотація:
Abstract The paper makes an attempt to analyse the forms of co-functioning of world languages, taking into account the fact that popular prestigious languages exert influence upon a number of less popular ones, thereby dictating the forms of their further development. Thus, the thesis that media-favoured languages used by politically salient super-powers effectively influence the expressions accepted in a number of “less successful” languages is identified, evidenced and diagnosed. Furthermore, the latter part of the paper stresses the issues concerning the observation that English, recognized as the most prominent donor language, creates many forms of description generally used in many other languages to denote and define similar forms of experiences. Research aimed at discovering the ways in which English influences recipient languages, in this case Polish, was carried out. Our principal assumption was that there exist at least two types of numerous contacts between a donor and recipient language: ones that can be called external (when the donor language mostly influences the recipient one) and ones possibly labelled as internal (when various, normally observed forms of co-operation between the two languages can be traced). As in both cases some semantic bonds can be found, the subsequent research describes said bonds, naming them and uncovering the nature of such co-existence. The results of the research indicate clear forms of semantic co-existence showing that numerous borrowings and loanwords found in the recipient language are widely verbalized and deeply ingrained in the cultural linguistic interdependencies.
8
Luka, Ineta. "Summative evaluation of online language learning course efficiency for students studying tourism and hospitality management." Quality Assurance in Education 26, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-04-2018-0051.
Анотація:
Purpose The paper aims to analyse the application of a pedagogy-based approach to designing online language learning courses. It aims to evaluate course efficiency from three perspectives – provider, recipient and wider community perspective and define the extent to which the target course could be applied for developing tourism and hospitality industry students’ and employees’ language competences in Europe. Design/methodology/approach In line with pragmatism paradigm, a summative/outcome evaluation research in provider, recipient and wider community perspective was conducted in Latvia, Croatia, Slovenia, Romania and Italy. It comprised a focus group interview of 8 language teachers (the provider perspective), a survey of 505 students (the recipient perspective) and a survey of 106 language teachers and 161 industry representatives and 10 expert interviews (the wider community perspective). Findings The results highlight the main strengths of online learning environments and emphasise the efficiency of the pedagogy-based approach applied in designing an online course. The created courses are beneficial and may be used to foster the development of tourism and hospitality industry students’ and employees’ language competences. Research limitations/implications The research sample is composed of language learners from five countries, but it is not proportionally distributed. Another limitation refers to the languages piloted. Further in-depth study concerning less widely used languages is required. Practical implications The research results enable understanding certain aspects of designing online language learning courses, provide evaluators’ feedback, suggest the course application for language learning and reveal the European value added. Originality/value The research explores the specifics for designing online language learning courses for Languages for Special Purposes for the application in tourism and hospitality industry. The course efficiency and quality are evaluated from provider, recipient and wider community perspective.
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Mauk, Vincentius, and Nadya Afdholy. "Seller and Buyer Integrated Forms of Indonesian and Tetun Language in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka, Malaka Province." ENLIT Journal 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33654/enlit.v1i1.1261.
Анотація:
The ability of the Tetun community to use two languages or bilingual will give birth to the transfer or transition of languages. In the transition or transfer of language, two very important things will emerge, namely positive and negative transfers. Negative transfers will cause interference and positive transfers will lead to integration. Integration arises from positive transfer because it benefits both languages from the donor language into the recipient language or the absorbing language. The recipient's language is Tetun and the granting language is Indonesian. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of language integration Indonesian into Tetun in the conversation of traders and buyers in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka Sub-District, Malaka District. The researcher focused on the integration of Indonesian into Tetun. This type of research is qualitative research, the technique used in collecting data is the technique of record, see and interview. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the Indonesian language into Tetun is in the form of basic words, affixation, reduplication, composite and abreviation (shortening of words).
10
ZYMOVETS, H. V. "FACTORS UNDERLYING ADAPTATION OF LOANWORDS INTO SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE." Movoznavstvo 321, no. 6 (December 7, 2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-321-2021-6-002.
Анотація:
The article elaborates on ways of English loanwords integration into Ukrainian, with comparison to the situation in German and Serbian. The subject matter of research includes processes of adaptation in phonetics and grammar of the above-mentioned languages. The main intralinguistic factor that influences adaptation process is disparity of phonetic and grammar level configuration of languages in contacts. English has an affluent system of vowels that causes necessity of simplification of a phonetic form of English borrowings in other languages. The major factor of phonetic adaptation is an existing tradition of conveying sounds in loanwords in a certain way. However, nowadays transcription also plays a significant role in phonetic adaptation, i.e. integration of loanwords is based on their pronunciation rather than spelling. Uncertainty of patterns for conveying sounds of foreign languages in loanwords leads to variability of phonetic form of English loanwords at the initial stage of their functioning in the recipient language. Grammar adaptation involves adjusting of loanwords to the recipient language. Its course depends on morphological type of language and affinity. The research has revealed main patterns how English loanwords obtain the category of gender, which is absent in English. These patterns are based on both formal and semantic factors. Moreover, the author considers the ways of pluralia tantum nouns integration into the system of the recipient language. The analysis has shown that there is a typological difference between borrowing process on the one hand in Slavic languages and on the other hand in German, i.e. Slavic languages, unlike German, have obligatory derivational stage for verbs and adjective adaptation, which makes process of borrowing more complicated in Slavic languages.
11
Zúñiga, Fernando. "Benefaction proper and surrogation." Advances in research on semantic roles 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 543–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.3.05zun.
Анотація:
The semantic role of beneficiary is usually conceptualized in very general terms, typically without an intensive definition of what can constitute a benefit in the particular construction under study. Among those accounts that have proposed to discuss benefaction as related to the notion(s) of surrogation, substituting, and/or deputing, Kittilä (2005) proposes a distinction between recipients, beneficiaries, and recipient-beneficiaries based on the binary features [reception] and [substitutive benefaction]; the recipient includes only reception (and the beneficiary only substitutive benefaction), whereas both features are relevant with recipient-beneficiaries. This paper proposes an alternative account (i) by defining benefaction proper in terms of a prototype related to possession (and thereby to reception) and a periphery, and (ii) by defining surrogation as a separate notion that can, but need not, coalesce with benefaction proper. Thus, the beneficiaries’ condition improves because they are relieved from having to carry out a given action themselves.
12
Salanki, Zsuzsanna, and Natalia Vladimirovna Kondratieva. "MORPHOSYNTACTIC INTERFERENCE IN THE UDMURT-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-3-380-389.
Анотація:
The article deals with the morphosyntactic interference in the Udmurt-Russian bilingualism, which is the result of interaction between structures and structural elements of these languages throughout centuries long contacts. On the one hand, interference increases the number of the communicative functions of Udmurt; on the other hand, it narrows the distributive properties of certain linguistic phenomena with different degrees of interference in different levels as a result of interaction and mutual influence. Like in other languages, in the Udmurt-Russian bilingualism there is more interference in lexis whereas interference in grammar (morphology and syntax) is less. The article focuses on the adaptation of the bases of notional parts of speech (verbs, nouns, adjectives, numerals) to the grammar of Udmurt and zero transmorphologization in the speech of Udmurt. In terms of syntactic interference, the following transformations are singled out: 1) minus-segmentation, i. e. the number of elements in the recipient language reduces due to the influence of corresponding models in the donor language; 2) plus-segmentation, i.e. the number of elements in the recipient language increases due to the influence of the distributive rules of the donor language; 3) replacing, i.e. the elements of the recipient language are rearranged under the influence of the rules of the donor language.
13
Samanta, Swadesh Kumar, John Woods, and Mohammed Ghanbari. "Automatic Language Translation." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 7, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010101.
Анотація:
In this paper, the authors demonstrate that language diversity imposes a significant barrier in message communication like Short Messaging Service (SMS). SMS and other messaging services, including Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and e-mail, are widely used for person-to-person and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) communications due to their reach, simplicity and reliability of delivery. Reach and service delivery can be further enhanced if the message is delivered in the recipient’s preferred language. Using language translation software and a database server, the authors show that the messages can be delivered as per language preference of the recipient irrespective of the language of the original message. They demonstrate the proposed mechanism can deliver a large number of services, such as education, health care management, notification in emergency situations, news and weather reports, to those who are currently not able to access them due to language barrier.
14
STAMMERS, JONATHAN R., and MARGARET DEUCHAR. "Testing the nonce borrowing hypothesis: Counter-evidence from English-origin verbs in Welsh." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 3 (December 15, 2011): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000381.
Анотація:
According to the nonce borrowing hypothesis (NBH), “[n]once borrowings pattern exactly like their native counterparts in the (unmixed) recipient language” (Poplack & Meechan, 1998a, p. 137). Nonce borrowings (Sankoff, Poplack & Vanniarajan, 1990, p. 74) are “lone other-language items” which differ from established borrowings in terms of frequency of use and recognition. Lone other-language items are singly occurring words from the “donor” language which are preceded and followed by words or phrases from the “recipient” language. Whether such other-language words belong only to the donor language (and are classed as codeswitches) or to both the donor and the recipient language (and are classed as borrowings) is both a theoretical and a practical issue. Poplack & Meechan (1998a) suggest that this question can be settled by measuring the linguistic integration of donor-language words, so that infrequent donor-language words which behave like their recipient-language counterparts are categorised as (nonce) borrowings. This suggests that frequency of use need play no role in the extent to which other-language items are linguistically integrated into the recipient language. We challenge this hypothesis with an analysis of soft mutation on English-origin verbs in Welsh, which shows that integration is related to frequency.
15
Kim, Ariel, and Lucien Brown. "Agency and impoliteness in Korean online interactions." Internet Pragmatics 2, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ip.00036.kim.
Анотація:
Abstract (Im)politeness research has often focused either on the importance of social norms or on the intentions of the speaker, with the active role of the listener in assigning social meanings overlooked. This limitation particularly applies to so-called “discernment languages” such as Korean and Japanese. The current paper addresses this gap by offering a small-scale qualitative study of recipient agency in Korean naturally occurring computer-mediated communication (CMC). The data analyzed includes 14 text messages between the recipient (the proprietor of an online food business) and his customer, which were posted on a blog that he owned and operated. We focus on how the recipient agentively evaluates the language usage of the customer, including inconsistent evaluations of her use of non-honorific language, or panmal. The results suggest that the instability of (im)politeness interpretations cannot be explained solely by social norms or intentions but should also include the socially-mediated agency of the recipient.
16
Müller, Natascha, and Aafke Hulk. "Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4, no. 1 (April 2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728901000116.
Анотація:
In this paper we want to compare the results from monolingual children with object omissions in bilingual children who have acquired two languages simultaneously. Our longitudinal studies of bilingual Dutch–French, German–French, and German–Italian children show that the bilingual children behave like monolingual children regarding the type of object omissions in the Romance languages. They differ from monolingual children with respect to the extent to which object drop is used. At the same time, the children differentiate the two systems they are using. We want to claim that the difference between monolingual and bilingual children concerning object omissions in the Romance languages is due to crosslinguistic influence in bilingual children: the Germanic language influences the Romance language. Crosslinguistic influence occurs once a syntactic construction in language A allows for more than one grammatical analysis from the perspective of child grammar and language B contains positive evidence for one of these possible analyses. The bilingual child is not able to map the universal strategies onto language-specific rules as quickly as the monolinguals, since s/he is confronted with a much wider range of language-specific syntactic possibilities. One of the possibilities seems to be compatible with a universal strategy. We would like to argue for the existence of crosslinguistic influence, induced by the mapping of universal principles onto language-specific principles – in particular, pragmatic onto syntactic principles. This influence will be defined as mapping induced influence. We will account for the object omissions by postulating an empty discourse-connected PRO in pre-S position (Müller, Crysmann, and Kaiser, 1996; Hulk, 1997). Like monolingual children, bilingual children use this possibility until they show evidence of the C-system (the full clause) in its target form.
17
Shigemori Bučar, Chikako. "Creative competence in borrowings : words of Japanese origin in Slovene." Linguistica 51, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.51.1.245-262.
Анотація:
Japanese has no category of gender or number. Nouns as well as adjectives have no inflection. The phonological construction of words is syllabic and there is no stress accent but pitch accent. Five vowels have short and long opposition. On the other hand, Slovene has categories of number and gender. Nouns are inflected according to six cases. Phonologically, all nouns carry a stress accent. In this paper, the gender and number assignment to loanwords of Japanese origin in Slovene is discussed on the basis of the morphology and phonology of the source and recipient languages. Assignment rules have certain morphological and semantic foundations. The relative competence of the speakers of the recipient language, Slovene, is particularly noticeable when activating the categories and rules that are specific to their own language. The integration of loanwords may be observed through the additional derivation of adjectives and nouns within the framework of the recipient language.
18
Holmberg, Anders, Michelle Sheehan, and Jenneke van der Wal. "Movement from the Double Object Construction Is Not Fully Symmetrical." Linguistic Inquiry 50, no. 4 (October 2019): 677–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00322.
Анотація:
A movement asymmetry arises in some languages that are otherwise symmetrical for both A- and Ā-movement in the double object construction, including Norwegian, North-West British English, and a range of Bantu languages including Zulu and Lubukusu: a Theme object can be Ā-moved out of a Recipient (Goal) passive, but not vice versa. Our explanation of this asymmetry is based on phase theory— more specifically, a stricter version of the Phase Impenetrability Condition proposed by Chomsky (2001) . The effect is that, in a Theme passive, a Recipient object destined for the C-domain gets trapped within the lower V-related phase by movement of the Theme. The same effect is observed in Italian, a language in which only Theme passives are possible. A similar effect is also found in some Bantu languages in connection with object marking/agreement: object agreement with the Theme in a Recipient passive is possible, but not vice versa. We show that this, too, can be understood within the theory that we articulate.
19
Suitner, Caterina, Anne Maass, Eduardo Navarrete, Magdalena Formanowicz, Boyka Bratanova, Carmen Cervone, Juho Eemeli Hakoköngäs, et al. "Spatial agency bias and word order flexibility: A comparison of 14 European languages." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000831.
Анотація:
AbstractThe spatial agency bias predicts that people whose native language is rightward written will predominantly envisage action along the same direction. Two mechanisms contribute jointly to this asymmetry: (a) an embodied process related to writing/reading; (b) a linguistic regularity according to which sentence subjects (typically the agent) tend to precede objects (typically the recipient). Here we test a novel hypothesis in relation to the second mechanism, namely, that this asymmetry will be most pronounced in languages with rigid word order. A preregistered study on 14 European languages (n = 420) varying in word order flexibility confirmed a rightward bias in drawings of interactions between two people (agent and recipient). This bias was weaker in more flexible languages, confirming that embodied and linguistic features of language interact in producing it.
20
Khanina, Olesya, and Andrey Shluinsky. "Competing ditransitive constructions in Enets." Functions of Language 27, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 247–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17061.kha.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper reports on a corpus study of two ditransitive constructions in Enets (Uralic, Samoyedic): the standard ditransitive construction and the so-called Destinative construction involving a specific destinative nominal morpheme. We suggest that the mutual distribution of the two competing constructions depends on referential properties of theme and information structure of the clause. The Destinative construction is used when a theme is indefinite, the standard ditransitive construction is used when a theme is definite. Most often, definiteness of a theme is also accompanied by specificity of a recipient; the combination of an indefinite theme and a non-specific recipient has not been attested at all. There is also a small number of cases when the standard ditransitive construction is used in clauses with an indefinite theme: in all such cases recipients are non-standard from the information structure point of view, they are either topical, emphatic, or extraposed. We suggest that both contexts of usage of the standard ditransitive construction can be explained if we describe its main discourse function as highlighting the known referents in discourse, be it definite themes or topical, emphatic, or extraposed recipients. The main discourse function of the destinative construction is then introducing new referents in the theme position.
21
Grimm, Nadine. "Color Categories in Language Contact: ‘Pygmy’ Hunter-Gatherers and Bantu Farmers." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3320.
Анотація:
<p>When speakers adopt colors from another language, do they only borrow certain lexical forms or do they absorb whole concepts? And if both a lexical term and a color category are borrowed, are they both borrowed at the same time or is one of them borrowed first? In this paper, I address the question of how color categories are borrowed, providing evidence from Gyeli ‘Pygmy’ hunter-gatherers (PHGs) in contact with Bantu farmers in southern Cameroon. The data shows rich variability in borrowing patterns. Color categories are not borrowed in toto, but only partially, i.e. the resulting color category in the recipient language only partially coincides with the color category in the donor language. Further, the borrowing of a color category may or may not be in conjunction with the borrowing of a color term from the recipient language. While Gyeli PHGs borrow a lexical term first from neighboring Bantu farmer languages and then expand the color category in a second step, the path of borrowing of Bantu farmers from colonial languages is the inverse. Farmer languages first adopt a new color category, but reject loanwords. Their second step in acquiring a new color is to find a name for the new color category.</p>
22
Bräuer, Juliane. "I do not understand but I care." Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.16.3.01bra.
Анотація:
Prosocial behaviour benefits another individual and occurs voluntarily. It may have a cognitive and a motivational component. The actor who benefits a recipient – for example by solving her/his problem (1) must recognize the recipient’s goal and understand how to fulfil it and (2) has to be motivated to support the recipient. In the current paper I will review recent studies on prosocial behavior in dogs and I will compare them to studies with primates. I will address the cognitive and motivational skills required for the actor in order to support the recipient. I conclude that dogs and also chimpanzees display a number of prosocial behaviours, but there are remarkable differences. In contrast to humans, which have an outstanding biological predisposition to benefit others, dogs and chimpanzees only do so under certain conditions.
23
Belzil, Guylaine, and Jean Vézina. "Impact of caregivers’ behaviors on resistiveness to care and collaboration in persons with dementia in the context of hygienic care: an interactional perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 11 (July 13, 2015): 1861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021500099x.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTBackground:The role played by various physical and verbal behaviors of professional caregivers in the onset of resistiveness to care (RTC) and collaborative behaviors of nursing home residents with dementia was assessed in a daily hygienic care routine context.Methods:Two hundred and forty hygienic care routines, observed in eight nursing home residents, were analyzed with a video-assisted systematic observation methodology and a sequential statistical analysis strategy.Results:Caregiver and care recipient behaviors are interdependent in the hygienic care routine context. Physical instrumental behavior, neutral, negative and positive statements, positive and negative instructions, and verbal distraction emitted by caregivers are significantly and moderately associated with the onset of RTC in persons with dementia (PWD), but the strength of relationships observed depends on the care recipient's behavior prior to the caregiver's action. Positive instructions are moderately associated with the onset of collaboration in residents with preserved language abilities. However, for residents with severe language impairment, these same instructions were linked to RTC behaviors.Conclusions:Although antecedents to RTC can be identified, the risk that caregiver behaviors trigger resistive responses is higher when care recipients are already exhibiting RTC, and is low when no particular behavior or collaboration is shown. Antecedents to collaboration are also identified and discussed. Although different caregiver behaviors may be more or less likely to elicit resistiveness or collaboration, it is the pre-existing state of the care recipient that will determine its reaction to the caregiver's behavior. Clinical implications emerging from these influential findings are elaborated.
24
Bavelas, Janet, Christine Kenwood, Trudy Johnson, and Bruce Phillips. "An experimental study of when and how speakers use gestures to communicate." Gesture 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2002): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.2.1.02bav.
Анотація:
This experiment expanded the visual availability paradigm by subsuming it under the broader principle of recipient design. We varied recipient design by asking speakers to describe a picture to someone who would see a videotape of their description or only hear an audiotape. Second, speakers described pictures that varied in verbal encodability. Finally, in addition to gestural rate, we analysed the redundancy of gestures with words. The results (N = 40) confirmed our predictions that speakers gesture at a higher rate and use a higher proportion of nonredundant gestures when their recipient would see their videotape; that they also use more nonredundant gestures when describing a picture for which they have a poor vocabulary; and that these two factors interact to produce the strongest effects when vocabulary is limited and the recipient would see the videotape. These effects support the hypothesis that speakers design their gestures to communicate to recipients.
25
Anderssen, Merete, Paula Fikkert, Roksolana Mykhaylyk, and Yulia Rodina. "The Dative Alternation in Norwegian Child Language." Nordlyd 39, no. 1 (May 3, 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.2286.
Анотація:
Research has shown that givenness is one of several factors that influence the choice of word order with the Dative Alternation in languages such as English. This paper investigates to what extent Norwegian children between the ages of 4;2 and 6;0 are sensitive to this factor in production. In order to test this, an experiment was carried out in which the children were prompted to produce structures involving ditransitive verbs when either the Theme or the Recipient was given. The results show that the children are sensitive to the impact of givenness, but while this is expressed through the choice of word order in Theme-given contexts (yielding the prepositional dative), it is expressed by argument omission in the Recipient-given contexts (resulting in one-argument responses with only the Theme overtly produced).
26
Cannava, Kaitlin, Elizabeth Parks, and Bentley Porterfield. "Listening skills in dementia care." Communication and Medicine 17, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.19008.
Анотація:
Developing strategies to provide effective supportive messages for people with dementia that also promote the wellbeing of active listeners is essential for healthy caregiver–care-recipient relationships. We work to identify, critique and explore the pragmatics of language patterns between caregiving listeners and care-recipient listeners who experience dementia, with a focus on cultivating a more inclusive conceptualization of active listening verbal behaviors. Through content analysis of 66 conversations in the Alzheimer’s and dementia context utilizing an adapted Active Listening Observation Scale (ALOS), our findings create a baseline from which to explore listening behaviors and the wellbeing of both caregivers and care-recipients. The results point to caregivers exhibiting higher active listening behaviors than care-recipients on every measure, and that across the duration of the conversation caregivers’ active listening on a global level decreases and care-recipients’ active listening increases. Ultimately, we hope that this research will decrease negative impacts on caregivers of the caregiving role, by addressing communication challenges; increase the agency and voice of care-recipients as listeners who contribute to communication events; create more inclusive conceptualizations of active listening verbal processes; and improve the quality of active listening in Alzheimer’s and dementia caregiving contexts.
27
Kittilä, Seppo. "Dative shift in a language without dative? The (allative) case of Finnish." Linguistics 52, no. 6 (October 16, 2014): 1461–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2014-0026.
Анотація:
Abstract Dative shift is a two-fold process that affects both the morphological coding and the order of T and R arguments of a three-participant construction, as in the teacher gave a book to the student vs. the teacher gave the student a book. Across languages, dative shift tends to express similar functions including differences in animacy, definiteness, semantic role of arguments, affectedness of recipient and permanence of transfer. This is understandable, since dative shift increases the formal transitivity of the affected clauses, and all the expressed functions are somehow related to transitivity. The goal of this paper is to study whether, and to what extent, mere changes in word order suffice to express the functions of dative shift. The examined language is Finnish, which suits very well for this purpose due to its relatively free word order and inherently different coding of Theme and Recipient. It can be hypothesized that mere word order changes readily express features related to definiteness and animacy, while they are less capable of expressing features such as affectedness of the recipient.
28
Antaki, C. "Recipient-side test questions." Discourse Studies 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445612466450.
29
Tiisala, Seija. "Power and politeness." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2004): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.2.03tii.
Анотація:
The power structures in northern Baltic Europe in the Middle Ages can be studied through the correspondence between the Swedish authorities and the Hanseatic Councils. The letters were written in three languages: Latin, Low German and Swedish. Low German was the dominant language in the correspondence from the fifteenth century onwards. The aim of the paper is to examine the ways in which power relationships are manifested, including choice of language, conventional expressions of politeness, use of laudatory adjectives when addressing the recipient, use of adverbs to express deference or hedging, and elaborations in orthography. Medieval letter-writing followed models described in various instruction books called summae dictaminis. These reflect the hierarchy of medieval society by classifying senders and recipients of letters according to their social position, and giving instructions for address of one group by another. The European tradition of rules for letter writing can be traced back in an unbroken line to the Roman Empire, and in spite of certain local differences most rules concerning the form of the letter and expressions of politeness were shared all over the continent.
30
Ryabova, Anna. "Language and Discourse: Teaching Methods for Modern Discourse." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-59-63.
Анотація:
Discourse is a phenomenon that reflects the unique features of the recipient’s cultural and geopolitical affiliation. The purpose of the study is to reveal and identify the linguistic representation of critical discourse. The language tools used as the evaluative category of journalistic discourse are examined and highlighted. The teaching methods chosen to view the tools targeted at influencing the recipient are described. The relevance of the study is connected with the importance to learn the requirements of the modern discourse construction and the growing interest in the language communication impact on the assessment of the world events. The diversity of political discourse expressions is analyzed. The elements of the discourse comparative study are included, which allows us to trace the principles of discourse design by representatives of different cultures. The methods of discourse teaching aimed at critical thinking development and the proper argumentation choice are emphasized and examined.
31
Sabir, Paiman Hama Salih. "Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact." Journal of University of Human Development 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v2n1y2016.pp456-464.
Анотація:
This study which entitles “Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact” tackles one aspect of the current sociolinguistic phenomenon, which borrowing words by Kurdish speakers as the result of language contact.
Due to the development of technology, globalization, and easiness of transportation among different countries, languages come into contact, as the result words are borrowed from one language to another and especially from the donor language to the recipient one.
Since Kurdish language (as one of the world languages) is also been affected by the new trend of language contact, accordingly many words have been borrowed into all aspects of life.
For this purpose, the researcher tries to define borrowing or loan words, classify them depending on literature and identifies the major factors on borrowing words, finally, the researcher presents a number of tables within which she represents a vast number of borrowed words from English, adapted from a study that she has done on English loan words used by Kurdish people at visual media.
32
van Schepen, Nynke. "Political transparency matters: Citizens challenging officials via ‘have you planned X’-type questions." Discourse & Society 30, no. 5 (June 18, 2019): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926519855784.
Анотація:
This article examines how citizens, invited to ask questions in public plenary consultation meetings within a participatory democracy procedure in urban planning in France, point at something that has not been mentioned in the public debate, thereby challenging the recipient. More specifically, this article is interested in studying, deploying the analytical framework offered by Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, a particular French linguistic turn design adopted by the citizens: variations of ‘have you planned X?’. These interrogatives are concerned with an aspect of the procedure the citizens present as relevant, but which has not been mentioned by the professionals. By adopting a turn format that requests confirmation, citizens display caution to not attribute blame overtly to the recipient for this perceived lack. At the same time, these questions make visible how citizens orient to public and political transparency as a social and political standard the recipients are obliged to uphold.
33
Akhmeev, Ilia, and Larisa Georgievna Popova. "Adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words in the German and Russian languages (based on publicistic texts)." Litera, no. 11 (November 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36148.
Анотація:
The goal of this article is to determine similarities and differences in the process of adaptation of Anglicisms in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is Anglicisms that are structurally represented by complex words. The topic of adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words – was selected due its poor coverage in the comparative linguistics. The article determines the derivational models of Anglicisms used in the German and Russian publicistic texts. The author traces the similarity in the presence of derivational models of Anglicisms, namely: word from the recipient language word + English word, English word + word of the recipient language, English word + English word, combinations of 3 or more English words. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to determine the similarities and differences in adaptation of Anglicisms based on the German and Russian publicistic texts. The conclusion is made that unlike Russian language, German language features a wide variety of compounding models. The German language is characterized by the connecting consonant ‘s’ for linking several word roots; while the Russian language is characterizes by the connecting vowel ‘o’. The author also concludes on the similarities and differences of the compared languages in terms of the tendency of grammatical assimilation of the English borrowings. It is noted that in the Russian language they are often masculine, while in German there are almost as many masculine Anglicisms as neuter, as well as a number of feminine Anglicisms. The acquired results can be applied in reading the lectures on comparative lexicology of the German and Russian languages.
34
Rahmanadia, Hyunisa. "Ditransitive Construction in English, Hungarian, Turkish, and Indonesian Language." Loquen: English Studies Journal 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/loquen.v14i2.5093.
Анотація:
Abstract: Every language shows a different way of expressing ditransitive construction. Thus, the present study aims to investigate and compare the important elements exhibit in the languages under discussion in constructing ditransitive sentences. This paper is a qualitative study. The data comes from detailed written grammar texts, corpora, and interviews with native language speakers. The results show that the languages play with the word order to weigh the focus of sentences. English and Indonesian language do not apply any case-marking to mark the function of the noun phrase. However, in the basic prototypical ditransitive construction, Hungarian and Turkish languages apply an accusative marker to mark the theme and a dative marker to mark the recipient. On the other hand, the verbs’ affixation also affects the semantic property of the ditransitive verbs in the Indonesian language. It is also revealed that the languages use the same ditransitive construction to express genuine transfer and beneficial transfer.Keywords: ditransitive construction, cognitive grammar, comparative study.
35
Шепелева, И., and I. Shepeleva. "Linguistic Borrowing As One of the Factors of Communication&Mutual Cultural Penetration." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 6, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5976f491b90454.08617951.
Анотація:
Development of every world language is influenced by many factors, the most important being historic and social ones. These factors inevitably cause penetration into the recipient language of the new elements, borrowed from their neighbors and partners in the process of communication in different spheres. The dialogue of cultures is based on language practice and takes place all the time. Moreover, the donor language and the receiving language may change roles in the process of historic development. The article focuses on the continuous process of enrichment of European languages by means of borrowing certain elements from speech of their neighbors and foes. At the initial stage borrowed words are received as some alien elements and lack understanding on the part of majority of native population. Socially these borrowings enjoy a higher status than native lexis. However, as the time goes, these elements lose their novelty, and are often adapted to the norms of the recipient language and sometimes they undergo radical transformation. Finally they become part and parcel of the local thesaurus. Nowadays due to globalization of world processes and fast development of high technologies and means of communication linguistic borrowing as the logical consequence of international cooperation has greatly increased in scope and is now an organic part of the global transformation process.
36
Kaczmarek, Lukasz. "Towards a broader approach to the community interpreter’s role." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 18, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.18.1.03kac.
Анотація:
The community interpreter’s role has been described in various ways, associating it with labels (Roberts 1997), tasks (Pöchhacker 2000), dynamic positioning (Mason 2009), and the interpreter’s relative (in)visibility (Angelelli 2004). Increasingly, conceptions of role are seen not as static and absolute, but as related to the differing (and subjective) viewpoints of the various participants involved. This study uses semi-structured interviews, conducted immediately after five interpreter-mediated encounters (four medical, one legal), to examine: (1) how participants in each encounter differ in their comments on the interpreter, and (2) whether the resulting perspective on the interpreter’s role is related to each respondent’s specific conversational goal on the occasion in question. Twenty-six excerpts from the interviews are discussed: all three participants (service provider, service user, interpreter) were interviewed in three cases, while the interpreter was unavailable for interview in one case and the service recipient in another. The interpreted meetings and subsequent interviews took place in London and Manchester, the languages involved being English (service providers) and Polish (service recipients). The various respondents seemed to differ in their perceptions of the interpreter’s role, ostensibly reflecting their own conversational goals, but not necessarily in line with their status as service provider, service recipient or interpreter.
37
Gast, Volker. "I gave it him — on the motivation of the ‘alternative double object construction’ in varieties of British English." Ditransitivity 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2007): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.14.1.04gas.
Анотація:
Three ditransitive constructions can be found in varieties of British English: (i) the ‘prepositional object construction’, where the recipient is encoded as a prepositional phrase (gave it to him); (ii) the ‘canonical double object construction’, where the recipient precedes the theme (gave him it); and (iii) the ‘alternative double object construction’, where the theme precedes the recipient (gave it him). The last of these constructions is typically found in (north)western varieties of British English when both objects are pronominal, and most of the relevant varieties have a ‘canonical’ ordering (REC > TH) when the theme is non-pronominal. Consequently, there seems to be an ‘inconsistency’ in the clause structure of the varieties in question. Using comparative and historical evidence, this article addresses the question of how this inconsistency can be explained. The ‘paradigmatic mismatch’ under discussion is shown to be a remnant of Old English clause structure which can also be observed in other verb second languages such as Modern German. It is argued to result from a tendency for both verb positions (finite/left and non-finite/right) to attract direct objects. This tendency is regarded as an effect of performance preferences in natural language discourse.
38
Song, Jae Jung. "Getting three out of two." Ditransitivity 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2007): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.14.1.08son.
Анотація:
This article examines the development of the three-participant construction from the two-participant construction in Oceanic languages. This development involves the use of possessive classifiers for recipient or beneficiary marking. Arguments will be put forward in support of the change as an instance of grammaticalization. The change has its origins in pragmatic inferencing: the possessor is construed as a recipient or a beneficiary. Moreover, the change from possession to reception or benefaction is regarded, in terms of reduced structural autonomy, as a shift from a less grammatical to a more grammatical status: the relation between the recipient/beneficiary and the verb is much tighter than that between the possessor and the verb. Evidence will also be brought to bear to demonstrate the grammaticalization of possessive classifiers as recipient or beneficiary markers. In Kusaiean and Mokilese, the grammatical change has resulted in newly created recipient or beneficiary NPs moving into different sentence positions. In Kusaiean and Mokilese, the use of possessive classifiers for beneficiary marking has been extended from transitive to intransitive clauses (i.e. clauses without direct object NPs). In Lenakel, one of the multiple possessive classifiers, all used to express possession, has been chosen and pressed into the service of encoding benefaction.
39
Doré, Bruce P., and Robert R. Morris. "Linguistic Synchrony Predicts the Immediate and Lasting Impact of Text-Based Emotional Support." Psychological Science 29, no. 10 (July 18, 2018): 1716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618779971.
Анотація:
Emotional support is critical to well-being, but the factors that determine whether support attempts succeed or fail are incompletely understood. Using data from more than 1 million support interactions enacted within an online environment, we showed that emotional-support attempts are more effective when there is synchrony in the behavior of support providers and recipients reflective of shared psychological understanding. Benefits of synchrony in language used and semantic content conveyed were apparent in immediate measures of support impact (recipient ratings of support effectiveness and expressions of gratitude), as well as delayed measures of lasting change in the emotional impact of stressful life situations (recipient ratings of emotional recovery made at a 1-hr delay). These findings identify linguistic synchrony as a process underlying successful emotional support and provide direction for future work investigating support processes enacted via linguistic behaviors.
40
Fu, Liang. "Displaying recipiency in doctor-patient conversations." Chinese as a Second Language Research 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2018-0004.
Анотація:
AbstractA doctor’s ability to communicate with patients to ensure high-quality health care and the limited spoken materials available to teach this ability in a Chinese for Medical Purpose class call for teaching pedagogies that include authentic doctor-patient conversations to allow the access to the type of language data that properly define language use in medical professional settings. This paper introduces a teaching lesson for a Chinese for Medical Purpose course in which students are provided with a real doctor-patient conversation and guided to explore the doctor’s various ways of displaying recipiency of information from the patient as well as the socio-cultural meanings behind them. Six in-class and out-of-class activities are described in detail which include reflection on English recipient styles, comparison and analysis of Chinese and English spoken data, discussion on the social-cultural meanings and application of the learned recipient styles in oral practice. Issues and recommendations of designing and implementing the lesson plan as well as the outcomes of the lesson are discussed.
41
Telek, Márta Törteli. "Travelling into the World of Bilingual (Code-Switching) Concrete Poetry." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0026.
Анотація:
AbstractThe paper examines the complex phenomenon of intermediality, “multimedial transgression”, and “culturally agitating hybridity” resonating and flashing over ages and cultures. It reviews concrete poetry, which may be considered as a real multimedial text with linguistic and pictorial coded aesthetic message, the poetic intention evolving from the mixture of verb and picture. Examining from the aesthetic of reception, code-switching of concrete poetry comes into the focus of the research. We may feel that for a recipient knowing both languages (for the recipient of concrete poetry), it is more advantageous for the speaker combining the expressions of the two languages since one with a mixed language always relates what he would like to say in the language he can express his thoughts more properly. In fact, this is such a code-switching that the recipient may perceive as a single code on the basis of simultaneity of text and picture.The study highlights reading alternatives that concrete poetry offers us as well as the travel it takes us on. By analysing the mode of interpretation, we can observe how visual poems overbalance the conventional linearity of writing, how figurativity becomes equivalent to the text in the course of creating meaning, while reading is guided by the sight of picture, which confirms the sight as well. Thus, language and picture are practically trapped by the calligram. Text (concrete poetry) understanding is described as integrative by the paper, coming into existence as a result of the constant correction and supplement of situational and ephemeral understandings. It considers the hermeneutical circle/spiral of understanding as a travel, which is always unique and not to be repeated.
42
Ungeheuer‑Gołąb, Alicja. "Ruch jako kategoria dziecięcego odbioru literatury." Paidia i Literatura, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pil.2019.01.03.
Анотація:
The text raises the question of movement as a crucial category in the process of a child’s literary reception. The article reflects on the kinetic aspects of a text and a reader as well as on the perspective of a child’s subjective reception as dependent on personal predispositions of a child‑recipient. The author is interested in the intersections of the components of a literary work and the capabilities of a child‑recipient, that is, in the phenomenon called “reader response.” Referring to achievements of developmental psychology, the researcher introduces the figure of a child reader. Next, on the example of Jan Brzechwa’s poem “Stonoga,” she presents its mobility in language, pointing to the existence of “dynamic images,” created in a recipient’s imagination. In this way, she indicates the kinesthetic value of children’s literature.
43
Hartman, Lars. "A Commentary: A Communication about a Communication." Novum Testamentum 51, no. 4 (2009): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853609x452646.
Анотація:
AbstractTo analyze some possible foci of a commentator's work a model of interpretation is applied: through Text (the commentary) a Sender/the Interpreter (the commentator) interprets a Text (the biblical text) to Recipients (the readers of the commentary) as the Message of Sender (the biblical author) with a certain Purpose to a Recipient (the addressee in the early church) who is in a given Situation (in the early church).
44
Maisarah, Maisarah, Kais Amir Kadhim, and Zahid Ali Veesar. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THETA ROLES OF VERBS IN THE MAH MERI LANGUAGE." English Review: Journal of English Education 5, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v5i1.394.
Анотація:
The Mah Meri language, one of the severely endangered languages of Malaysia, is facing the threat of extinction. In order to save valuable information of this language, this paper focuses on one of its aspects, the Theta Roles in relation to the verbs. Using Radford’s (1997 & 2009) theory of Theta Roles, this study analyzes and explores the verb phrase of Mah Meri. The main objective of this study is to establish the Theta Roles in relation to verbs in the Mah Meri language. In order to fully understand the verb structures, the morphological entities of affixes such as prefixes and suffixes are studied. Moreover, the word order of the sentential constructions are also analyzed according to active and passive forms. These are done in tandem with analyzing the pronouns in relation to the placement of verbs in a Mah Meri sentential construction. It is found that Theta Roles are present in the data except for the Theta Role Recipient. However, this is not due to the lack of the Theta Role of Recipient in the Mah Meri language; rather it is due to the limitation of the scope in this study as data is analyzed based on the interviews only. On the other hand, the Theta Role of Agent is clearly evident in the Mah Meri language.Keywords: Mah Meri Language, Argument Structure, Theta Roles, Thematic Relations
45
Khamitova, Shaizat Amantayevna, and Almagul Sovetovna Adilova. "Language Adaptation of Turkisms in English." Engineering and Educational Technologies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2020.08.03.02.
Анотація:
One of the most important indicators of the adaptation of Turkic borrowing in English is their allocation in different dictionaries of English (explanatory, etymological, phraselogical), as well as their use in different works of fiction. Linguistic contacts manifest themselves in the interaction of linguistic, cultural and historical factors and represent an essential process in intercultural communication. Turkic lexical elements, actively used in various languages as a language mechanism, require special attention. A comparison of different languages shows that borrowing is a universal fact of language, the linguistic essence of which allows to determine the absolute or relative chronology of their entry into the system of different languages. Turkisms closely related to the lexico-semantic system of the recipient language expands the body of language units of English and other languages, indicating the paths of penetration and the degree of adaptation. This takes into account the patterns of lexical and phonetic potential of the language. Turkic borrowing includes not only Turkic words, but also lexical elements of Arabic and Mongolian, Persian, Tatar, Uzbek, Kazakh origin, which have penetrated English through many Turkic languages and have been reflected in English lexicographic sources. Turkism thus refers to words included in English from Turkic languages or through Turkic languages regardless of the source of the mutual relationship, i.e. words having a Turkic stage in their history.
46
Tuszyńska, Krystyna. "Epitaphios logos – hybrydyczny gatunek retoryki ateńskiej." Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae 31, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sppgl.2021.xxxi.1.23.
Анотація:
Athenian funeral oration (epitaphios logos) belongs to the epideictic rhetoric. But according to Aristotle the topics used in epideictic oratory could be applied in the deliberative kind, after some modification in the matters of language. In this article I consider the means proposed in the narrative part of the composition, which can be used instead of argumentation in epideictic oratory, i.e. amplification, metaphors and actualization (putting things before the eyes, gr. energeia, lat. evidentia). My purpose is to answer the question who was/is the recipient of Athenian funeral oration. In my opinion there are three kinds of primary recipients: the dead soldiers in the battle, the listeners present at the celebration (Athenians and foreigners) and the Idea of Democracy itself. I also try to find the so-called secondary recipient of Athenian funeral oration. I treat Athenian funeral oration as a hybrid genre of Greek rhetoric.
47
Mzhelskaya, O. K. "ENGLISH AS A SOURCE AND RECIPIENT LANGUAGE OF LEXICAL BORROWINGS." Science of the Person: Humanitarian Researches 1, no. 27 (May 2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn1998-5320.2017.27.60.
48
Iverson, Gregory, and Ahrong Lee. "Perception of Contrast in Korean Loanword Adaptation." Korean Linguistics 13 (January 1, 2006): 49–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.13.03gki.
Анотація:
Abstract. A number of modifications affect the sound structure of foreign words as they are bor-rowed into Korean. We consider specifically the adaptation of word-final stops, liquids, and voiceless as well as voiced coronal sibilants. The particular manifestation of these is shown to corre-late with the place they hold in the syllable structure of the recipient language rather than, as might seem to be the case, with either contrastive categories of the source language or allophonic qualities of the recipient. This discussion thus contributes to the continuing debate over the awareness that listeners may have of phonetic properties that are contrastive in the source language but redundant in the recipient (and hence presumably below the threshold of categorical perception), as well as vice versa, and it offers a unified view of the factors which appear to be at play in the phonological pro-cessing of both native words and loanwords. At base is a simple yet comprehensive principle of phonological perception: Phonetic representations are interpreted according to the salient perceptual categories of the listener's native language.
49
Ateş-Barlas, Alev. "EMDR Therapy for Bilinguals." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/emdr-2021-0022.
Анотація:
EMDR protocols, theories, and guides tend to presume or prescribe a monolinguistic approach However, there are many bilinguals whose knowledge of a second language (L2) is sufficiently advanced to allow them to interact with EMDR therapists, but who might also possess memories encoded in a first language (L1), which is strategically useful in EMDR. The objectives of this clinical practice study were to (a) describe the real-world use of EMDR therapy in which the L1 of an EMDR recipient is selectively integrated into processing by a therapist who need not know the recipient’s L1 and (b) demonstrate an adaptation of the standard EMDR therapy protocol to support full resolution of memory material among clients with exposure to more than one language.
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Tsvetkov, Yulia, and Chris Dyer. "Cross-Lingual Bridges with Models of Lexical Borrowing." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (January 13, 2016): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4786.
Анотація:
Linguistic borrowing is the phenomenon of transferring linguistic constructions (lexical, phonological, morphological, and syntactic) from a donor language to a recipient language as a result of contacts between communities speaking different languages. Borrowed words are found in all languages, andin contrast to cognate relationshipsborrowing relationships may exist across unrelated languages (for example, about 40% of Swahilis vocabulary is borrowed from the unrelated language Arabic). In this work, we develop a model of morpho-phonological transformations across languages. Its features are based on universal constraints from Optimality Theory (OT), and we show that compared to several standardbut linguistically more naïvebaselines, our OT-inspired model obtains good performance at predicting donor forms from borrowed forms with only a few dozen training examples, making this a cost-effective strategy for sharing lexical information across languages. We demonstrate applications of the lexical borrowing model in machine translation, using resource-rich donor language to obtain translations of out-of-vocabulary loanwords in a lower resource language. Our framework obtains substantial improvements (up to 1.6 BLEU) over standard baselines.