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1

Proebster, Walter E. Peripherie von Informationssystemen: Technologie und Anwendung : Eingabe, Tastatur, Sensoren, Sprache etc. : Ausgabe, Drucker, Bildschirm, Anzeigen etc. : externe Speicher, Magnetik, Optik etc. Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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2

AIPR Workshop (26th 1997 Washington, D.C.). Exploiting new image sources and sensors: 26th AIPR Workshop, 15-17 October 1997, Washington, D.C. Edited by Selander J. Michael 1952-, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and AIPR Executive Committee. SPIE, 1998.

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3

Albeanu, Dinu Florentin. Multimodal imaging of sensory inputs and neuronal coding in the rodent olfactory bulb. 2008.

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4

Guillery, Ray. Thalamic higher-order driver inputs as sensorimotor links. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0009.

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Анотація:
This chapter provides a closer look at the branching patterns of driver inputs to higher-order thalamic nuclei, and introduces their functional significance for discussion in later chapters. Their thalamic branches bring information for relay to higher cortical levels, including a copy of the information carried in the motor branches about anticipated cortical contributions to the control of actions and consequent changes in perceptions. In this way, the cortex can add to the control of an action when there is a mismatch between action and perception. Most of these branched axons that have so
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5

Guillery, Ray. Defining the functional components of the thalamic gate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0008.

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Анотація:
This chapter starts by summarizing the electron microscopic appearance of the retinogeniculate axons and their immediate environment. These form the functional components of the visual input to the thalamic gate. I then look at evidence that all major thalamic relay nuclei have a shared structure produced by a shared developmental and evolutionary origin. Each nucleus receives a small proportion of its synaptic inputs (<10%) for relay to the cortex; these are the drivers. Drivers are topographically organized with the topography representing body parts, sensory space, or parts of the brain.
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6

Guillery, Ray. The pathways for perception. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0002.

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Анотація:
Chapter 2 outlines some of the evidence on which the seemingly strong standard view has been based. The early discovery that ventral nerve roots of the spinal cord provide a motor output and dorsal nerve roots provide a sensory input supported the dichotomy of the standard view. Then as each sensory pathway was traced to the thalamus for relay to the cortex, the separate inputs from the sensory receptors—visual, auditory, gustatory, and so on—could be seen as providing the cortex with a ‘view’ of the world. The nature of this view became strikingly clear once investigators could understand (re
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7

Mason, Peggy. Cerebellum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0024.

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The cerebellum uses sensory feedback and information about intended actions to ensure coordinated and smooth movements despite changing conditions. An analogy between the cerebellum and an orchestral conductor is elaborated. The cerebellum’s involvement in forming and executing motor memories is presented. Cerebellar circuits through the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei and the dependence of cerebellar learning on climbing fiber input to Purkinje cells are briefly described. Sensory reafference and motor efference copy are defined and their roles in coordinating movement introduced. Cerebella
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8

Inc, Bergwall Productions. Input Sensors. Delmar Thomson Learning, 1990.

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9

Serences, John T., and Sabine Kastner. A Multi-level Account of Selective Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.022.

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To achieve behavioural goals, relevant sensory stimuli must be processed more quickly and reliably than irrelevant distracters. The ability to prioritize relevant over irrelevant stimuli is usually referred to as selective information processing, or selective attention. Over the last 50–60 years, there has been an ongoing debate about the point along the sensory–response processing stream at which selective attention operates: are relevant and irrelevant inputs segregated early in processing based on low-level featural differences, or does this segregation occur late in processing after the me
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10

Mason, Peggy. Forebrain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0007.

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Анотація:
The anatomy and function of forebrain circuits is described. The role of the hypothalamus as the executive center for regulating and protecting the body’s physiology is detailed. The thalamus is a necessary interpreter for subcortical inputs to cerebral cortex, which uses thalamic input to map the sensory world. The amygdala, critical to expressing and interpreting fear, has been implicated in post-traumatic stress disorder. During resting conditions, the basal ganglia suppress movement. Damage to the basal ganglia produces a hypo- or hyperkinetic disorder. The representation of visual fields
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11

Passingham, Richard E. Understanding the Prefrontal Cortex. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844570.001.0001.

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Анотація:
The primate prefrontal cortex sits at the top of the sensory, motor, and outcome processing hierarchies of the neocortex. It transforms sensory inputs into motor outputs, determining the response that is appropriate given the current context and desired outcome. This transformation involves conditional rules. The dorsal prefrontal cortex supports the learning of behavioural sequences, where the next action is conditional on the previous one. The ventral prefrontal cortex supports associations between objects, where the choice of one object is conditional on the presence of another object. Howe
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12

Summerfield, Christopher, and Tobias Egner. Attention and Decision-Making. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.018.

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This chapter reviews formal models of the decision process in humans and other primates, and discusses divergent accounts of how attention might intervene to bias or facilitate judgements about sensory stimuli. The review covers established decision-theoretic models, such as signal detection theory and serial sampling models, and other computational accounts that draw upon psychophysical and neurobiological mechanisms of early vision. It considers whether such decisions are limited by attentional capacity, or by noise, as suggested by normative models of choice. The authors revisit a debate co
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13

Valls-Solé, Josep. Reflex studies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0010.

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Reflex studies are an important part of clinical neurophysiology assessment in health and disease. They are essential to get information on conduction in proximal segments of peripheral nerves, spinal and supraspinal integration of sensory inputs on the motor pathway, and excitability of motor structures. They do not require special equipment, except for a sweep-triggering hammer that is essential, for instance, to elicit monosynaptic reflexes, such as the jaw jerk. For consensual reflexes, it is also recommended to use two recording channels, which facilitate recognition of potential disturba
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14

Bromley, Lesley. The physiology of acute pain. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0001.

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Acute pain as a result of tissue damage is self-limiting. Impulses are generated in primary sensory nerves by chemical mediators released from the damaged tissues. The spinal cord receives these impulses in the dorsal horn. At the level of the spinal cord, the impulses can be amplified or reduced in amplitude by descending inputs. At the level of the spinal cord, the representation of the painful area and the sensitivity of other, surrounding areas can be modified. At the level of the brainstem and thalamus, further modification can take place. The final perception of the pain can be modified
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15

Stoneley, Sarah, and Simon Rinald. Sensory loss. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0047.

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Анотація:
Sensory disturbance can either be a complete loss (anaesthesia) or a reduction (hypoaesthesia) in the ability to perceive the sensory input. Dysaesthesia is an abnormal increase in the perception of normal sensory stimuli. Hyperalgesia is an increased sensitivity to normally painful stimuli, and allodynia is the perception of usually innocuous stimuli as painful. A complete loss of sensation is likely to be due to a central nervous system problem, while a tingling/paraesthesia (large fibre) or burning/temperature (small fibre) sensation is likely due to an acquired peripheral nervous system pr
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16

Striedter, Georg F., and R. Glenn Northcutt. Brains Through Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125689.001.0001.

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Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, and ecological conditions at the time. The resulting perspective clarifies what makes the major vertebrate lineages unique and helps explain their varying degrees of ecological success. One of the book’s major conclusions is that vertebrate nervous systems are more diverse than commonly assumed, at least am
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17

Scolari, Miranda, Edward F. Ester, and John T. Serences. Feature- and Object-Based Attentional Modulation in the Human Visual System. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.009.

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Анотація:
To increase efficiency, sensory systems process only a subset of available inputs in accord with the behavioural goals of the observer. The mechanisms that support the prioritization of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, referred to collectively as selective attention, can operate on the basis of spatial location (space-based attention), low-level visual features (e.g. orientation or colour; feature-based attention), or holistic objects (object-based attention). This chapter reviews human behavioural, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging data pertaining to the effects and control of the latte
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18

Naninck, E. F. G., P. J. Lucassen, and Aniko Korosi. Consequences of Early-Life Experiences on Cognition and Emotion. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.003.

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Perinatal experiences during a critical developmental period program brain structure and function “for life,” thereby determining vulnerability to psychopathology and cognition in adulthood. Although these functional consequences are associated with alterations in HPA-axis activity and hippocampal structure and function, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The parent-offspring relationship (i.e., sensory and nutritional inputs by the mother) is key in mediating these lasting effects. This chapter discusses how early-life events, for example, the amount of maternal care, stress, and nutri
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19

Guillery, Ray. The hierarchy of cortical monitors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0010.

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Анотація:
This chapter explores the significance of the dual meaning of the driver inputs to the thalamus in more detail. What happens to these messages when they reach the cortical hierarchies? Currently we know little about how the cortex reacts to the two meanings of the incoming messages. The efference copies that reach the cortex may act both in the control of movements, as do efference copies in other parts of the brain, and may also act to generate a conscious anticipation of an action and its sensory consequences. Or it may do both, depending on the circumstances. Where the thalamic relay fails
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20

Thoonsen, Monique, and Carmen Lamp. Sensory Solutions in the Classroom. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781805014836.

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Every teacher knows them - the students who are continuously balancing on their chair legs or who prefer to hide in their hoodies all day long. These students are using all kinds of tricks to be able to stay focused, as they are under- or overresponsive to sensory input and trying to restore their balance. Children who struggle with processing sensory input can experience a wide range of symptoms, including hypersensitivity to sound, sight and touch, poor fine motor skills and easy distractibility. Using this accessible, science-based guide, school staff can support these students by understan
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21

Buzsáki, György. The Brain from Inside Out. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905385.001.0001.

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The Brain from Inside Out takes a critical look at contemporary brain research and reminds us that theoretical framework does matter. Current technology-driven neuroscience is still largely fueled by an empiricist philosophy assuming that the brain’s goal is to perceive, represent the world, and learn the truth. An inevitable consequence of this framework is the assumption of a decision-making homunculus wedged between our perception and actions. In contrast, The Brain from Inside Out advocates that the brain’s fundamental function is to induce actions and predict the consequences of those act
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22

Macpherson, Fiona, ed. Sensory Substitution and Augmentation. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.001.0001.

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Sensory substitution and augmentation devices are built to try to replace or enhance one sense by using another sense. For example, in tactile–vision, stimulation of the skin driven by input to a camera is used to replace the ordinary sense of vision that uses our eyes. The feelSpace belt aims to give people a magnetic sense of direction using vibrotactile stimulation driven by a digital compass. This volume brings together researchers—neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers—who are developing these technologies, studying the minds and behaviour of subjects who use them. There is a par
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23

Tyagi, Amit Kumar. Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality. IGI Global, 2021.

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24

Tyagi, Amit Kumar. Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality. IGI Global, 2021.

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25

Tyagi, Amit Kumar. Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality. IGI Global, 2021.

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26

Tyagi, Amit Kumar. Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality. IGI Global, 2021.

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27

Tyagi, Amit, and Shamila Mohammed. Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality. IGI Global, 2020.

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28

Strayer. Lose Weight by Decreasing Sensory Input: A Revolutionary Mind-Body Approach. Dorrance Publishing Co., Inc., 2004.

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29

Hilliges, Otmar. Input Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0004.

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Анотація:
Sensing of user input lies at the core of HCI research. Deciding which input mechanisms to use and how to implement them such that they work in a way that is easy to use, robust to various environmental factors and accurate in reconstruction of the users intent is a tremendously challenging problem. The main difficulties stem from the complex nature of human behavior which is highly non-linear, dynamic and context dependent and can often only be observed partially. Due to these complexities, research has turned its attention to data-driven techniques in order to build sophisticated and robust
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30

Heller, Sharon. Yoga Bliss: How Sensory Input in Yoga Calms & Organizes the Nervous System. Symmetry, 2023.

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31

Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Perception and sensation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0012.

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Major features of tetrapod sensory structures are well developed in fish which also have lateral lines, and some have electroreceptors and possibly magnetoreceptors. Receptors may be categorized according to the type of stimulus to which they respond: photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, temperature receptors and nociceptors. Adaptations to aquatic habitats are described for examples from each category. Each type of receptor has the capacity to transduce (transform) its specific sensory stimulus into receptor potentials which initiate or modulate activity in sensory neurons to the
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32

Erdem, Uğur Murat, Nicholas Roy, John J. Leonard, and Michael E. Hasselmo. Spatial and episodic memory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0029.

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The neuroscience of spatial memory is one of the most promising areas for developing biomimetic solutions to complex engineering challenges. Grid cells are neurons recorded in the medial entorhinal cortex that fire when rats are in an array of locations in the environment falling on the vertices of tightly packed equilateral triangles. Grid cells suggest an exciting new approach for enhancing robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in changing environments and could provide a common map for situational awareness between human and robotic teammates. Current models of grid cells are w
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33

Eidaks, Jānis. RF Powering of Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Nodes. RTU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934227868.

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The Thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of RF powering of autonomous wireless sensor network nodes. The impact of powering signal properties on the RF-DC conversion efficiency and wireless power transfer performance is investigated. The impact of average input power level, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) level, different modulation types, spectral properties of signals, numbers of sub-carriers, and bandwidth are examined. The most popular RF-DC converter topologies and off-the-shelf solutions in the sub-GHz frequency range have been studied in detail.
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34

Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Introducing Unitrackers and Unicepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0003.

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The unicept for an individual, kind, property, activity, and so forth is supplied with new connections by a supporting unitracker whose job is to recognize sensory manifestations of the unicept’s referent/extension. The unitracker brings to a single focus information about the same that has been dispersed through different media so as to affect the senses in a variety of ways. It is embodied in a web of connections leading from sensory input to implement recognition of its object, helping to supply information that connects its unicept to other unicepts or to action potentials. One way in whic
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35

Guillery, Ray. The mamillothalamic pathways: my first encounter with the thalamus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0006.

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My thesis studies had stimulated an interest in the mamillothalamic pathways but also some puzzlement because we knew nothing about the nature of the messages passing along these pathways. Several laboratories were studying the thalamic relay of sensory pathways with great success during my post-doctoral years. Each sensory relay could be understood in terms of the appropriate sensory input, but we had no way of knowing the meaning of the mamillothalamic messages. I introduce these nuclei as an example of the many thalamic nuclei about whose input functions we still know little or nothing. Ear
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36

Zhu, Yang, and Miroslav Krstic. Delay-Adaptive Linear Control. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691202549.001.0001.

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Анотація:
Actuator and sensor delays are among the most common dynamic phenomena in engineering practice, and when disregarded, they render controlled systems unstable. Over the past sixty years, predictor feedback has been a key tool for compensating such delays, but conventional predictor feedback algorithms assume that the delays and other parameters of a given system are known. When incorrect parameter values are used in the predictor, the resulting controller may be as destabilizing as without the delay compensation. This book develops adaptive predictor feedback algorithms equipped with online est
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37

Anderson, James A. Cerebral Cortex. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0010.

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Hardware matters. The neural organ largely responsible for cognition is the cerebral cortex of mammals. Cortex is a thin two-dimensional layered structure arranged with on the order of a few hundred interconnected regions that seem to be specialized for particular operations. Regions often show topographic organization. Early vision displays an interestingly distorted topographic map of the retinal input, audition has a topographic map of frequency, and there is a distorted map of the body surface on the somatosensory areas. Information in cortex is not “processed” with an orderly flow from ra
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38

Hill, James. The Active Self and Perception in Berkeley’s Three Dialogues. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0008.

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This chapter investigates the relation between Berkeley’s active self and the faculty of perception, focusing on his Three Dialogues. First, it is shown how Berkeley is opposed to any perceptual account of self-knowledge because the passive ideas of perception disqualify them from representing the active self. Then, the role of this active self in perception is investigated. In the First Dialogue Philonous argues that perception is a thoroughly passive state, thus rendering it difficult to conceive how an active self can be the perceiving subject. It is argued, however, that Berkeley’s mature
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39

Bayne, Kathryn Ann Louise. The ontogeny of play and predatory behaviors in mink kits (Mustela vison) with reference to vision as a sensory input. 1986.

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40

Swiney, Lauren. Activity, Agency, and Inner Speech Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796640.003.0013.

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Over the last thirty years the comparator hypothesis has emerged as a prominent account of inner speech pathology. This chapter discusses a number of cognitive accounts broadly derived from this approach, highlighting the existence of two importantly distinct notions of inner speech in the literature; one as a prediction in the absence of sensory input, the other as an act with sensory consequences that are themselves predicted. Under earlier frameworks in which inner speech is described in the context of classic models of motor control, I argue that these two notions may be compatible, provid
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41

Holzer, Jacob C., and Paul Gluck. Patient Safety and Risk Reduction in Geriatric Psychiatry Patients. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0017.

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Awareness of patient safety, error reduction, and risk management is increasingly important in clinical geriatric psychiatry and in medical-legal applications as the baby-boomer population ages and as psychiatric therapeutics gain in complexity. The concept of maximizing patient safety and minimizing risk is based in part on improvement in communication and team coordination adopted from airline and military operations. The elderly population presents unique challenges to safe management, including the risks of medical comorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment, and reduced sensory input
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42

Gerbino, Walter. Amodally Completed Angles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0097.

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When the vertex of an occluded angle geometrically belongs to the side of the occluding surface, the occluded angle looks distorted. This characteristic effect of coincidental occlusion—called the Gerbino illusion—is consistent with the phenomenal rounding of angles observed under conditions of symmetrical occlusion. Both effects are robust and appear in static and dynamic displays. The Gerbino illusion differs from distortions observed in Poggendorff-like displays, runs against the tendency to global Prägnanz, and reveals important aspects of amodal completion processes. Alternative explanati
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43

Laureno, Robert. At the Bedside. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0001.

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The chapter “At the Bedside” examines neurologic history-taking with special attention paid to the importance of clarifying the use of terms between physician and patient, the use of gestures and demonstration in eliciting accurate symptom recall, evaluating input from witnesses and family members, and observing patient demeanor and emotional status. The chapter also describes and evaluates popular neurologic examination methods with comments on quantification, selection, and appropriate application of various standardized tests. Helpful guidance on performing examinations of strength, sensory
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44

Cassino, Dan, Milton Lodge, and Charles S. Taber. Implicit Political Attitudes. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.59.

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Анотація:
This chapter reviews recent work on implicit political attitudes, detailing how, when, and why unconscious processes impact the explicit expression of political beliefs, attitudes, and preferences. The authors begin by discussing thresholds of awareness, defining implicit attitudes and how the circumstances under which they reach conscious awareness. The ubiquity of unconscious effects in everyday life is considered, and two research paradigms for measuring implicit attitudes are discussed. The resulting dual-process model, in which influences can be either conscious or subconscious, allows us
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45

Holzer, Jacob C. The Psychiatric and Cognitive Mental Status Examination in the Medical-Legal Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an introduction to and overview of psychiatric and cognitive mental status examination in older adults, particularly within a medical-legal context. A methodical approach to the mental status examination involves assessment of a range of areas, including behavior, alertness, mood state, affect, thought content and process, sensory input and perception, symptom experience and safety variables, and cognitive domains including attention, language, visuospatial, memory and executive cognitive functions. This assessment can be critical in a variety of forensic contexts involvi
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46

Encyclopedia of Electronic Components Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid ... Light, Heat, Sound, and Electricity. Maker Media, Inc, 2016.

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47

Allais, Lucy. Synthesis and Binding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724957.003.0002.

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There are a number of reasons to think that one of Kant’s concerns in the Critique of Pure Reason is with the active role the mind must play in organizing the sensory input to enable us to experience objects, and therefore that he thinks that something like what is now called perceptual binding is necessary for us to be presented with perceptual particulars. Given the centrality of the notion of synthesis in the Critique, as well as Kant’s claim that synthesis governed by the categories is needed for us to have what he calls ‘relation to an object’, it might be thought that Kant’s notion of sy
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Pittelkow, Mark R., Charles L. Loprinzi, and Thomas P. Pittelkow. Pruritus and sweating in palliative medicine. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0112.

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Itching (pruritus) and sweating (perspiration, diaphoresis) are physiological functions of the skin that normally serve human existence well. Itching is the sensory input arising from the skin and mucous membranes that alerts man to potentially harmful insults from physical, chemical, and biological sources. The reflex of scratching is closely linked to the perception of itch, and in most situations functions effectively as an aversive motor response to relieve the sensation and protect the skin. Similarly, sweating is a well-developed and finely coordinated sudomotor response designed to regu
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49

MacNamara, Annmarie, and K. Luan Phan. Neurocircuitry of Affective, Cognitive, and Regulatory Systems. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0001.

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This chapter provides a review and synthesis of the neurocircuitry involved in affect and cognition and their interactions as it relates to regulatory functions. Cognition and emotion are considered together taking a more integrated, functional perspective. The chapter first gives an overview regarding structure and function of key brain regions, that is, prefrontal and cingulate regions, insula, and subcortical regions, as well as other temporal-parietal-occipital regions. Following this overview, the chapter proceeds with summarizing key neuroscientific findings as organized by cognitive pro
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Colvin, Lesley A., and Marie T. Fallon. Pain physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0009.

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The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage’. A good understanding of the physiology of pain processing is important, with recent advances in basic science, functional neuroimaging, and clinical pain syndromes contributing to our understanding. It is also important to differentiate between nociception, the process of detecting noxious stimuli, and pain perception, which is a much more complex process, integrating biological, psychologic
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