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Статті в журналах з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Gómez-Barroso, José Luis, and Raquel Marbán-Flores. "Basic financial services: A new service of general economic interest?" Journal of European Social Policy 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2013): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928712471226.
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Grant, William, and Anne Richardson. "A psychiatric liaison service for a social services office." Psychiatric Bulletin 12, no. 11 (November 1988): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.12.11.481.
Анотація:
Although there has been considerable interest into the amount of liaison work that general psychiatrists do with general practitioners in primary health care settings, and into the role that social workers can play in liaising with the primary health care team, less is known about the extent to which general psychiatrists have established liaison links with particular social services offices, what form the liaison takes and whether the liaison has worked satisfactorily.
3
Barbu, Oana Nicoleta, and Cristian Stănilă. "Services of General Interest and Territorial Sustainability in Romania." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2016-0006.
Анотація:
AbstractThe strengthening of social cohesion, the globalization and the opening of the market to free competition, the expanding of the public – private partnership and the sustainable development are the main questions which arise today about the future of services of general interest. The current economic and financial crisis recalls that the main role of the services of general interest lies in ensuring the social and territorial cohesion. At the same time, the crisis has a significant impact on the public sector due to the pressure on public finances and it is essential to make every effort possible in order to keep providing these services and improve their quality. The upcoming accession of Romania to the European Union requires precise criteria for guaranteeing the performance and quality of public services of general interest and, in particular, the development of network industries and the link between these elements is a prerequisite for facilitating the integration, increasing citizens welfare and achieving in a short time the community rules and standards. The role of services of general interest is the sustainable development of a territory and their contribution in maintaining the balance between environment and society, exploiting the available resources in a particular plan, fighting against social exclusion and isolation. Overall, the man has an important role, he can transform the environment, because he is considered an integral part thereof, subject only to maintaining the balance between himself and the other components of the environment; at the same time, he must accept his role as a stabilizing factor in his relationship with nature. Services of general interest in a region should positively influence the life of people in order to achieve the long-term development vision by transforming the region’s functioning of institutions. Sustainable development means recognizing that economy, environment and social welfare are interdependent namely that affecting the environment in terms of quality will sooner or later have a negative influence on economic development and the quality of life of each one of us. The human component is an essential urban mobility, and every type of public service must be carried out in a planned system in terms of territory. A responsible demographic capable of long-term strategies for rational use of resources, ensures sustainability planning. Sustainability does not imply an imposed proactive strategy. If an area has resources, a vigorous and enterprising demographic system, fair and profitable exchanges with the outside, it is sustainable, thus it can evolve without outside intervention.
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Humer, Alois. "Researching Social Services of General Interest: An Analytical Framework Derived from Underlying Policy Systems." European Spatial Research and Policy 21, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0006.
Анотація:
This paper discusses Social Services of General Interest, a political term of the European Union, which lies at the heart of the European Model of Society and Cohesion concepts. How and why is the organization and provision of services across Europe rooted in, and shaped by, the prevailing national constitutional components of social welfare and spatial planning systems? A high degree of interrelation between these two systems is confirmed and Social Services of General Interest are detected and conceptualized as a substantiation of components of both systems. In a concluding step, an analytical framework is introduced which enables us to research Social Services of General Interest from different angles for the purpose of deploying promising policy solutions.
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Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela, Ricardo Simoes, João Varajão, and Isabel Miranda. "Information Technology Supporting Healthcare and Social Care Services." Journal of Information Technology Research 7, no. 1 (January 2014): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2014010104.
Анотація:
The authors are developing a pilot project for a Municipality in the North of Portugal, envisaging the definition and implementation of an e-marketplace for healthcare and social services, in order to facilitate the interaction between healthcare and social services professionals and people with special needs (or their relatives). Based on the results of a survey on user needs analysis and expectations conducted in 2011, the paper discusses the relevance and interest of such platforms and the main drivers and motivations of the population for using such services, as well as which services would motivate citizens to use the platform. The results of the study will be used to select the products and services perceived to be the most desired by the potential users. The paper thus makes three main contributions: (1) the results of the study confirm the interest and the perceived potential of such a service, from the end-users perspective; (2) the findings support the advantage of expanding this pilot project to a full scale implementation; and (3) the performed analysis improves our understanding of the relations between the characteristics of the inquired population and the perceived interest in such platforms.
6
Legnaioli, Marta. "The emergence of New Economic Governance and its impact on Services of General Economic Interest." Perspectives on Federalism 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 98–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2015-0020.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper evaluates the impact of austerity measures on national social protection mechanisms and on the European Social Model. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of austerity measures adopted in Italy and Portugal and the evolution of several indicators, such as unemployment rates and the percentage of citizens at risk of poverty. The analysis demonstrates that measures adopted in the field of new economic governance have had an impact on the organization and provision of SGEIs and have affected the solidity of the national welfare state. It will be argued that in this context the promotion of a social dimension of the EU requires innovative methods for the regulation of new economic governance.
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Ząbkowicz, Jerzy. "Limits to the European Commission – Managing Services of General Interests." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.021.
Анотація:
Services of general interest form an essential element of the European model of society as a way to increase quality of life and to overcome social exclusion and isolation. They are also at the core of the public debate touching the central question of the role public authorities and the institutions of the European Union play in a market economy. The competencies and responsibilities conferred by the Treaty, the EU regulations and directives lay emphasis on the essential role and the wide discretion of national, regional and local authorities in defining, organizing, financing and monitoring services of general interest. The same time the EU Law provide the European Commission with a wide range of means of action to ensure the compliance of the process of organizing and financing such services according to a comprehensive regulatory regime at Community level to make them compatible with the internal market and to prevent a distortion of the competition rules. The paper indicates divergences of the points of view of public authorities and the Commission on their role, shared responsibility and powers in that process.
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Kraus, Katinka. "Building a European Community: social service provision between inclusion and economic interests." Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen 43, no. 3 (2020): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0344-9777-2020-3-406.
Анотація:
Inclusion and the associated provision of social services is a central fundamental right in the European Union. Social services of general interest are based on the principles of an inclusive welfare state enshrined in EU primary law. However, the European Commission tends to interpret these social services rather economically. This paper shows that the way in which these services are provided in the Member States is decisive for the categorization of an economic or non-economic activity by the European Commission. Whether social services are to be classified as being related to economic activities and, therefore, subject to the competition and internal market rules depends on their organization and structure.
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van de Gronden, Johan W. "Services of General Interest and the Concept of Undertaking: Does EU Competition Law Apply?" World Competition 41, Issue 2 (June 1, 2018): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2018011.
Анотація:
The applicability of the competition rules has far-reaching consequences for the freedom of the State to organize the supply of public services. Could the specific features of particular public services justify the non-applicability of the competition rules? This contribution explores which limits to the broad concept of undertaking can be found in EU competition law. It will be argued that, apart from the two (well-known) limits related to official authority and social security schemes, a third limit emerges from the case law of the EU courts. Services provided in order to pursue specific public policy goals seem to fall outside European competition law. In contrast with economic activities, where companies supply goods or services to individual consumers, the main characteristic of the ‘public policy goal activities’ is the collective way of financing. It will be contended that the following three-prong test should be carried out for concluding that competition law does not apply to these activities: (1) the supply of the services concerned is predominately dependent on public funding (2) the objective of the public funding is to achieve a public interest goal (3) the activities concerned are closely related to this public interest goal.
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Köhne, Rasmus. "Fostering Local Caring Community Building through Mutual-aid Funding in Accordance with § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI, Using the Example of the “Social Network Lausitz”." Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen 43, no. 3 (2020): 352–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0344-9777-2020-3-352.
Анотація:
The socio-structural development towards an ever-increasing lifespan (in Germany), predicted by social scientists, implies a growing need of services of general public interest for those in need, especially in the areas of health and care provision. Considering the continuous skills shortage in these areas one can assume that social insurances and the welfare state might become partially incapable to fulfil their obligation to guarantee social security. Innovative alternative approaches of local provision of services of general public interest, especially in rural areas, make use of effective resources of mutual-aid organisation which is efficiently networking with other social institutions, NGOs, local businesses and the citizens. Professional and financial support is ideally given by the local administration/ the municipalities as well as the social insurers according to § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI. This article presents and analyses a successful coordination of services of general public interest through a contact office for mutual-aid groups in the Oberlausitz/Saxony, Germany which is mainly operating in the realms of the Third Sector.
Дисертації з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Wehlander, Caroline. "Who is afraid of SGEI? : services of general economic interest in EU law with a case study on social services in Swedish systems of choice." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101242.
Анотація:
For a long time confined to Article 106(2) TFEU, a provision allowing to justify regulatory measures derogating from Treaty rules by invoking their necessity in order to enable undertakings entrusted with services of general economic interest (SGEIs) to fulfil their special tasks, SGEI has become a constitutional concept of EU law. In the post-Lisbon EU Treaties it is subject to new provisions, in particular Article 14 TFEU and the Protocol on services on general interest. As a legal concept allowing to balance EU market integration and the pursuit of legitimate national policies related to public services, SGEI is also a political concept, and therefore its legal interpretation is an ultra-sensitive matter. This dissertation proposes that SGEI cannot anymore be contrived as a narrow concept of EU competition law, but must be understood as a broad public service concept encompassing both public authorities’ policy missions and undertakings’ public service obligations. This follows from an analysis of the CJEU’s understanding of the EU concept of SGEI in the frame of Hirschman’s theory on exit and voice, and thus on the double background of its own case law foreclosing exit from EU market rules for public services, and of its acknowledgement of the SGEI “voice” this has led to in the Treaties. The analysis shows that the CJEU’s bifurcation by the notions of “public service obligations” and “public service tasks”, is aimed at applying the Treaty SGEI provisions loyally without pre-empting their political use by the Union and the Member States. To shed some light on the political use of the EU concept of SGEI made by the EU legislator and the Member States in a context of Europeanisation and liberalisation, this dissertation scrutinizes also how the new EU procurement and state aid rules applying to social services relate to the Treaty principles on SGEIs, and how the Swedish systems of choice for elderly home care and education relate to the EU rules. It analyses whether these relationships, if too transparent and loyal, may constrain the process of liberalisation of social services in the Member States, and whether it can explain that an explicit characterisation of social services as SGEIs seems to be avoided in EU procurement law and in Swedish law.
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Kovaříková, Christine. "Veřejné služby v Evropské unii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193703.
Анотація:
The topic of public services is a complex societal issue, which touches upon such questions which are on the border of legal and economic research and comprises various ideas of societal arrangements. The provision of public services in European societies is seen as a constitutive element of the European social model(s). This issue is experiencing a remarkable revival in academic work as well as in political discourse. The aim of this Master's Thesis is to provide an insight into the process of the Europeanization of public services. The Thesis is embarking on questions comprising the national variations of public services, the transformation of the welfare state and the European social model (or models). The common theme which is connecting the different strands of the Thesis is the idea of the crucial influence of European integration on all of these aspects, the process of which has a far-reaching influence on the role and shape of public services and thus on the future societal development in the individual Member states as well as European society as a whole.
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Sanz, Fernández Àlex. "Water and clean energy services in developing countries: Regulation and evaluation of universal service policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387430.
Анотація:
In this thesis I analyze access problems to basic services like water and energy in developing countries. The objective of the thesis is to show how to improve access to water services and clean energies in rural communities of developing countries.
In this regard, this tesis is composed by three papers. Two focused on analyzing the water sector in developing countries and one paper focused on analyzing the implementation of a program aimed to ease the substitution of wood by LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) as a cooking fuel.
In the first paper, the regulation of water provision in developing countries: coverage quality and prices, I develop a theoretical model aimed to analyze the optimal product line of a regulated utility facing competition from water vendors. The existence of water vendors forces the utility to release standpipes increasing the population with access to the service but reduces coverage. Regulation can mitigate this situation. In addition universal service policies for standpipes or the delegation of standpipes´ management to a different firm can reduce the coverage of the utility. Also, regulation can mitigate this situations.
In the second paper, Community managed water systems: the case of Peru, I make a descriptive analysis of communal organizations providing water services in rural areas of Peru. In addition, I analyze empirically which are the determinants of their presence in Peru. I show that JASS (Juntas Administradoras de Servicios de Saneamiento) are an efficient mechanism to provide water services in rural areas, but they need support. My result show that homogeneous communities, in terms of maintaining the Minka tradition of the Inca Empìre and also in linguistic terms, are more prone to create JASS.
In the third paper, LPG cook stoves in Peru: evaluation of the FISE program, I analyse the implementation of the FISE (Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético) program in Peru. I also analyze empirically its performance in terms of use of LPG stoves and its health benefits associated. In this sense, I show that discount vouchers are an efficient policy to increase the use of LPG, avoiding cross-subsidies, to increase the use of LPG stoves but this policy alone cannot reduce respiratory problems among beneficiaries. On the other hand, this policy reduces diarrhoeal problems.
The main contributions, summarized by paper were: in the first paper I analyzed a theoretical model supposing that the water utility can use two technologies to provide water and faces competition from water resellers. I analyzed how the utility uses coverage, prices and quality to increase its profits. The main contribution of the second paper has been the analysis of JASS. As far as I know this is the first paper doing so. It is interesting to remark that municipalities lower than 2.000 population have to be served by JASS, but not all municipalities have created JASS. I analyzed the determinants for the creation of JASS in Peru. Finally, in the third paper I analyzed a policy aimed to increase the use of LPG as fuel for cooking purposes via offering discount vouchers for low income households. As far as I know this is an innovative policy in Latin American countries. In the paper, I have analyzed the implementation of the program, the problems faced during its implementation and also I analyzed empirically its performance.En esta tesis se analizan los problemas de acceso a los servicios básicos como el agua y la energía en los países en desarrollo. El objetivo de la tesis es mostrar cómo mejorar el acceso a los servicios de agua y energías limpias en las comunidades rurales de los países en desarrollo. En este sentido, esta tesis se compone de tres papeles. Dos centrado en el análisis del sector del agua en los países en desarrollo y uno de papel centrado en el análisis de la implementación de un programa destinado a facilitar la sustitución de la madera por GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo) como combustible para cocinar. En el primer documento, la regulación del suministro de agua en los países en desarrollo: la calidad de la cobertura y los precios, se desarrolla un modelo teórico tuvo como objetivo analizar la línea de productos óptima de un servicio público regulado frente a la competencia de los vendedores de agua. La existencia de los vendedores de agua obliga a la energía para dar tomas de agua cada vez mayores de la población con acceso al servicio, pero reduce la cobertura. La regulación puede mitigar esta situación. Además políticas de servicio universal para tomas de agua o la delegación de la gestión standpipes' a una empresa diferente pueden reducir la cobertura de la utilidad. Además, la regulación puede mitigar estas situaciones. En el segundo artículo, los sistemas de agua comunitaria logró: el caso de Perú, hago un análisis descriptivo de las organizaciones comunales que prestan los servicios de agua en las zonas rurales de Perú. Además se analizan empíricamente cuáles son los factores determinantes de su presencia en Perú. Muestro que JASS (Juntas Administradoras de Servicios de Saneamiento) son un mecanismo eficiente para proporcionar servicios de agua en las zonas rurales, pero que necesitan apoyo. Mi resultado muestra que las comunidades homogéneas, en cuanto al mantenimiento de la tradición Minka del Imperio Inca y también en términos lingüísticos, son más propensos a crear JASS. En el tercer artículo, estufas de cocción GLP en Perú: evaluación del programa FISE, que analizan la ejecución del programa FISE (Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético) en el Perú. También se analizan empíricamente su desempeño en términos de uso de cocinas de GLP y sus beneficios para la salud asociados. En este sentido, se muestra que los vales de descuento son una política eficiente para aumentar el uso de GLP, evitarán las subvenciones cruzadas, para aumentar el uso de estufas de LPG pero esta política por sí sola no puede reducir los problemas respiratorios entre los beneficiarios. Por otra parte, esta política reduce los problemas de diarrea. Las principales contribuciones, resumidas por el papel son: en el primer documento analizaba un modelo teórico suponiendo que la empresa de agua se puede utilizar dos tecnologías para proporcionar agua y se enfrenta a la competencia de los distribuidores de agua. He analizado cómo la utilidad utiliza cobertura, precios y calidad para aumentar sus beneficios. La principal contribución del segundo documento ha sido el análisis de JASS. Por lo que yo sé que este es el primer documento de hacerlo. Es interesante destacar que los municipios menores de 2.000 habitantes tienen que ser servido por JASS, pero no todos los municipios han creado JASS. He analizado los factores determinantes para la creación de JASS en el Perú. Por último, en el tercer artículo analizaba una política destinada a incrementar el uso de GLP como combustible para cocinar a través de ofrecer cupones de descuento para los hogares de bajos ingresos. Por lo que yo sé que esto es una política innovadora en los países latinoamericanos. En el trabajo he analizado la ejecución del programa, los problemas que enfrentan durante su ejecución y también analizan empíricamente su rendimiento.
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Mariotti, Caterina. "Les services sociaux et de santé au regard des aides d’État." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020013.
Анотація:
Le présent travail de recherche porte sur l’application du droit des aides d’État aux services sociaux et de santé. Cette interaction, qui s’inscrit dans le plus ample débat sur l’« infiltration » des « espaces sociaux nationaux » par le droit de l’Union européenne, attire toujours plus l’attention de la Commission et de la Cour de justice de l’UE, soulève de nouvelles questions et se caractérise par un degré considérable d’incertitude. Éclairer la façon dont le cadre juridique des « services d’intérêt économique général » (SIEG) est modulé et nuancé en relation aux services sociaux et de santé constitue l’objectif fondamental du présent projet. L’analyse va également au-delà des SIEG, en examinant les autres voies que le droit de l’Union offre pour réconcilier la règlementation des aides d’État et le soutien public au welfare. La recherche se penche d’abord sur la notion de « services sociaux et de santé » et sur le cadre juridique européen concernant ce secteur. Après avoir conclu que l’on peut raisonnablement s’attendre à ce que les services sociaux et de santé soient toujours plus fréquemment considérés comme des activités économiques relevant du champ d’application du droit des aides d’État, l’étude se concentre sur la façon dont la règlementation des aides a été appliquée dans les secteurs du logement social, des soins de santé et de la sécurité sociale. L’interaction entre droit des aides d’État et welfare est ensuite examinée à la lumière du cadre résultant du Traité de Lisbonne ; enfin, des hypothèses sont formulées au sujet des voies à suivre en vue de renforcer la capacité du droit des aides d’État à s’adapter aux particularités des services sociaux et de santéThe purpose of the present study is to explore the interaction between, on the one hand, EU State aid law and, on the other, social and health services. This issue – which falls within the wider debate on the “infiltration” of EU law into “national social spaces” – comes increasingly under the scrutiny of the Commission and of the EU Court of Justice (CJEU), raises new questions and is characterised by a significant degree of uncertainty. The primary objective of this research is to understand how the legal framework on services of general economic interest (SGEIs) concerning State aid is applied, and adjusted, in the field of social and health services. The analysis will however also look beyond SGEIs, investigating which other avenues are available under EU State aid law to allow public support in the welfare sector. The analysis begins by exploring the notion of “social and health services” and by outlining the EU legal framework concerning this area. After examining the concept of economic activity in EU law, it is concluded that it is likely that social and health services will increasingly be considered as activities falling within the scope of application of EU State aid law. The study then focuses on the way in which State aid law has been applied in the sectors of social housing, healthcare and social security. The overall picture is examined in light of the Lisbon Treaty and, finally, a reflection is carried out as to possible developments and actions with a view to strengthening the ability of EU State aid law to take into account the specific nature of welfare services
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Rodríguez-Arana, Muñoz Jaime. "Users and Services of General Energy Interest." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118152.
Анотація:
Modern Administrative Law must be considered within the Social and Democratic Rule of Law. Citizens, as users of services of general interest, are at the centre of all the categories of Regulatory Law. They have a legal status that enables them to be present in the decisions that affect them and they can contest decisions that harm their rights.El Derecho Administrativo moderno debe enmarcarse en el Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Los ciudadanos, usuarios de los servicios de interés general, ocupan un lugar central en todas las categorías del Derecho Regulatorio. Disponen de un estatuto jurídico que les permite estar presentes en las decisiones que le afectan y poder impugnar las decisiones que lesionen sus derechos.
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Laguna, de Paz José Carlos. "Services of general interest in the European Union." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115403.
Анотація:
(i) Since the eighties, the European Union has implemented a policy aimed to achieve that the services of general economic interest are truly integrated in the internal market. To this end, European regulation has liberalized and harmonized the legal framework of the main economic sectors. Significant progress towards European integration has been achieved. However, the internal market is still not truly effective. (ii) Conversely, non- economic services are primarily the responsibility of Member States. They are not covered by the internal market rules, although the general provisions of the Treaty are to be applied.(i) Desde los años ochenta, la Unión Europea ha impulsado la incorporación de los servicios económicos de interés general al mercado interior. Las normas europeas han liberalizado y armonizado el régimen jurídico de los grandes sectores económicos. Se han alcanzado progresos apreciables en la integración europea, pero el mercado interior sigue sin ser una realidad acabada. (ii) En cambio, los servicios sociales son competencia de los Estados miembros. No están sujetos a las reglas del mercado interior, aunque sí a las normas generales del Tratado.
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Barazi, Mervan. "La particularité de l'application du droit de la concurrence dans le secteur des assurances." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD002/document.
Анотація:
Le secteur des assurances est protéiforme : il comprend plusieurs opérateurs dont l’intégration dans le paysage économique et juridique s’est accentuée ces dernières années et ne cesse de s’imposer. Les compagnies d'assurance déploient elles-mêmes des activités d’assurance multiples. Depuis les années cinquante les différents régimes d’assurances maladie, vieillesse, chômage – obligatoires, complémentaires – sont exploités par certains organismes assureurs (mutuelles et institutions de prévoyance). Ces organismes développent leurs activités sur des marchés dont le caractère économique n’est pas toujours évident. Si les assurances vie par exemple, ne soulèvent guère de difficulté d’insertion sur un marché concurrentiel, peut-on en revanche considérer que les régimes complémentaires et légaux d’assurance maladie opèrent sur un marché économique ? Cette question conduit à s’interroger sur la soumission du secteur des assurances au droit de la concurrence et son éventuelle unicité de régime. Deux points sont étudiés, en premier lieu, il s’agit de confronter le secteur des assurances à la vision extensive des autorités européenne et nationale sur les critères d’applicabilité du droit de la concurrence. Cette approche est vérifiée auprès de tous les opérateurs proposant des produits et services qualifiés d'assurance. En second lieu, sont examinées l'application du droit de la concurrence au secteur des assurances et leurs exemptions spécifiques. Cette étude prend en compte l’ensemble du droit de la concurrence : pratiques anticoncurrentielles, droit des concentrations économiques et aides d’État. Elle s’appuie essentiellement sur le droit européen et français de la concurrenceThe insurance industry is protean : it includes several operators whose integration into the economic and legal landscape has intensified in recent years and continues to impose itself. Insurance companies themselves deploy multiple insurance activities. Since the 1950s, some insurers have exploited differents insurance schemes such as, health, old age, unemployment (whether compulsory or complementary). These organizations develop their activities in markets whose economic character is not always the most obvious. If life insurance, for example, does not present any difficulty in entering a competitive market, can we also consider that the supplementary and statutory health insurance schemes operate similarly in an economic market ? This question leads up to wonder about the submission of the insurance sector to competition law and its possible uniqueness of regime. Two points are studied, firstly, the question of confronting the insurance sector with the extensive vision of the European and national authorities. Secondly, an examination of the application of competition law to the insurance sector and the justification for different treatment. This study takes into account the whole of competition law : antitrust practices, economic concentrations and state aids. It is essentially based on European and French competition law
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Ribeiro, Ana Maria de Almeida. "Serviço público : aproximações entre o tratamento da noção no direito francês e no direito da União Europeia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87579.
Анотація:
O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar as aproximações entre o tratamento conferido à noção de serviço público no direito francês e no direito da União Europeia. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisa-se, primeiramente, o desenvolvimento da concepção de serviço público no direito francês, discorrendo sobre a noção clássica e identificando os principais elementos que caracterizam o instituto atualmente. Após, examina-se a evolução da abordagem da questão no direito comunitário, delineando-se as noções forjadas no âmbito da União Europeia. Por fim, do cotejo entre o tratamento do tema no direito francês e no direito comunitário, destacam-se as aproximações encontradas, concluindo-se pela assimilação, por parte das instituições europeias, dos principais aspectos caracterizadores da noção francesa, mediante a consagração de novas expressões passíveis de serem compreendidas por todos os Estados-membros e cujo conteúdo reflete a realização das adequações necessárias à realidade da União Europeia, sobretudo no que diz respeito às atividades de interesse geral dotadas de caráter econômico.This study aims to analyze the treatment given to the notion of public service both in french law and in European Union law. Using bibliographic research, it first analyzes the notion developped in french law, by reviewing the classic notion and identifying the main elements that characterize the institut nowadays. After that, it examines how the subject approach evoluted in the European Union, tracing the notions forged by it. At last, after the comparison between how the subject is treated under the french and the European Union law, the approaches are outlined, concluding that the European Union institutions assimilated the main aspects that characterizes the french notion, by the consecration of new expressions that can be understood by all member States, and which content reflects the necessary adjustments to the reality of the European Union, especially with regard to the activities of general interest endowed with economic character.
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Bitter, James Robert. "Self-Care, Self-Awareness, and Social Interest." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5239.
Анотація:
The paradox of living is that the best way to care for yourself is through positive connections with others, through making a contribution to the whole, and through loving as much as you can from wherever you are at a moment in time. Using mindfulness, personality priorities, and awareness exercises, the workshop focuses on living life more fully.
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Tornos, Mas Joaquín. "Public services and remunicipalization." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115700.
Анотація:
It is difficult to define the legal concept of public service. There are two ways to understand it. The first one is objective and tries to determine which activities and services should be guaranteed to all citizens with the aim of social cohesion. The second one is subjective and is based on the idea that public services are activities excluded from the market. This second conception emphasizes the problems arising from the relationship between the public and private sectors rather than the right of the citizenship to receive specific services. Within this general conceptual framework, this work shows the current debate which is not centered on which kinds of public services are to be provided but rather on how they have to be provided. The debate has a strong ideological content and defends the return to public management at the expense of private management, which is considered inefficient. This work analyzes the debate and introduces some objections to remunicipalization.El concepto jurídico de servicio público es de difícil precisión. Existen dos concepciones de servicio público: una objetiva, preocupada por determinar qué actividades prestacionales deben ser garantizadas a todos los ciudadanos con el fin de lograr la cohesión social, y otra de carácter subjetivo, basada en la idea de que el servicio público es la actividad excluida del régimen de mercado, incidiendo sobre todo en los problemas de la relación entre sector público y sector privado más que en los derechos de los ciudadanos a obtener unas determinadas prestaciones. Dentro de este marco general conceptual, el presente trabajo pone de manifiesto como en la actualidad se ha abierto un debate de fuerte contenido ideológico en el que no se debate sobre qué servicios deben prestarse, sino sobre cómo deben prestarse los servicios públicos, defendiendo la recuperación de la gestión pública frente a una gestión privada que se califica de ineficiente. El trabajo analiza este debate y formula algunas objeciones a la tesis de la llamada «remunicipalización».
Книги з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Neergaard, Ulla, Erika Szyszczak, Johan Willem van de Gronden, and Markus Krajewski, eds. Social Services of General Interest in the EU. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7.
2
Vernon, Robert. Social work and the Web. Australia: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2000.
3
Pratt, Henry J. Gray agendas: Interest groups and public pensionsin Canada, Britain, and the United States. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
4
Pratt, Henry J. Gray agendas: Interest groups and public pensions in Canada, Britain, and the United States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
5
Szyszczak, Erika. Developments in Services of General Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, The Hague, The Netherlands, and the authors, 2011.
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Szyszczak, Erika, Jim Davies, Mads Andenæs, and Tarjei Bekkedal, eds. Developments in Services of General Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-734-0.
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Szyszczak, Erika, and Johan Willem van de Gronden, eds. Financing Services of General Economic Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-906-1.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. European Union Committee. Services of general interest: Report with evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Fassmann, Heinz, Alois Humer, Eduarda Marques da Costa, and Daniel Rauhut, eds. Services of General Interest and Territorial Cohesion. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737004718.
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Farnsworth, Kevin. Social versus corporate welfare: Competing needs and interests within the welfare state. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Частини книг з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Becker, Ulrich. "Social Services of General Interest in Germany." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 497–511. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_19.
2
van de Gronden, Johan W. "Social Services of General Interest and EU Law." In Developments in Services of General Interest, 123–53. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-734-0_6.
3
Davies, Jim. "Changes and Challenges in UK Social Services: Social Services of General Interest or ‘Welfare’ Services of General Economic Interest?" In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 513–40. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_20.
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van de Gronden, Johan W., and Catalin Stefan Rusu. "The Altmark Update and Social Services: Toward a European Approach." In Financing Services of General Economic Interest, 185–216. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-906-1_10.
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Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg. "Welfare States and Social Europe." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 53–71. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_3.
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Schiek, Dagmar. "Social Services of General Interest: The EU Competence Regime and a Constitution of Social Governance." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 73–94. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_4.
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Hamez, Gregory, and Sophie de Ruffray. "Chapter 11: Socio-spatial accessibility to Social SGI: France& The Greater Region." In Services of General Interest and Territorial Cohesion, 243–56. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737004718.243.
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Baquero Cruz, Julio. "Social Services of General Interest and the State Aid Rules." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 287–313. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_12.
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Neergaard, Ulla, Erika Szyszczak, Johan Willem van de Gronden, and Markus Krajewski. "Introduction." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 3–24. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_1.
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Slot, Piet Jan. "Public Distortions of Competition: The Importance of Article 106 TFEU and the State Action Doctrine." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 245–62. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_10.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Patrascu, Cristina. "‘Scaling Up’ the Social Impact of Innovation in Services – Significant Findings and Best Practice Examples from Specialty Research." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/56.
Анотація:
„Social innovation” have gained the focus of interest of many researchers and professionals preoccupied to find solutions to heavy societal problems manifesting themselves as challenges or obstacles for public organizations in the field of services of general interest. The present article explores the specialty research on the impact of social innovation concentrating on the most recent trends and concepts that better describe the ways that can lead to the „diffusion” of social innovation, particularly in the domain of services that are designed with the goal to ensure a higher quality life for all citizens. The main objective of our paper is to contribute to the conceptual field of innovation, by presenting a clear definition and by highlighting the newest trends in research. We also tried to identify what are the possible strategies to be applied by stakeholders in order to ensure the process of scaling up, bringing examples that prove the relevance of this concept in the field of public services. In light of recent developments in the field of social innovation, we consider that both research and practice related to „scaling up” need further evolution and more efforts in order to become solid points of reference for all interested parties. At the same time, the development of rigorous systems of evaluation of the effects and impact of innovation is strongly needed. The methods used are mainly qualitative, based on the evaluation of the specialty literature on innovation in services, and comparative, applied to highlight similarities and differences between various cases of innovation in the social sector that may be transferred in the public sector.
2
Marchuk, Alexander Gurievich, Sergey Nikolaevich Troshkov, and Irina Aleksandrovna Krayneva. "Long-term Electronic Archives: Modernization and Integration." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-7-ceur.
Анотація:
Electronic archives are more than just “paper based” funds transferred into digital form. The task of forming a qualitative source base for historical research is solved in these projects on the basis of interdisciplinary interaction of computer science and humanities. One of the longterm projects at the IIS SB RAS is a creation of a methodology and technologies for the formation, use and support of electronic archives. Here are information systems of historical orientation that were created on the basis of the solutions described in this paper: the Electronic Archive of Academician A.P. Ershov, Photo Archive of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Archive of the newspaper “Science in Siberia”, Open Archive of SB RAS, etc. Each of these resources has its own specifics, but in general, their documentary and information fund is based on the general social and territorial basis of scientific and social activities of the Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences of the USSR/RAS and Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. In this report we will look into the general problems of creating electronic archives, relevant technologies, and architectural solutions. Some approaches to the integration/disintegration of isolated electronic resources are given on the examples of our electronic archives and on the basis of generally accepted and created tools. We will also examine the experience of using proprietary and open source software, their advantages and weaknesses.
3
Li, Huayu, Yong Ge, Defu Lian, and Hao Liu. "Learning User's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Interests for Point-of-Interest Recommendation: A Unified Approach." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/294.
Анотація:
Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation has been an important service on location-based social networks. However, it is very challenging to generate accurate recommendations due to the complex nature of user's interest in POI and the data sparseness. In this paper, we propose a novel unified approach that could effectively learn fine-grained and interpretable user's interest, and adaptively model the missing data. Specifically, a user's general interest in POI is modeled as a mixture of her intrinsic and extrinsic interests, upon which we formulate the ranking constraints in our unified recommendation approach. Furthermore, a self-adaptive location-oriented method is proposed to capture the inherent property of missing data, which is formulated as squared error based loss in our unified optimization objective. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of our approach.
4
Marchuk, Alexander Gurievich, Sergey Nikolaevich Troshkov, and Irina Aleksandrovna Krayneva. "On the Issue of Modernization and Integration of Long-term Electronic Archives." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-20.
Анотація:
Over a period of about twenty years, the IIS SB RAS has created information systems of historical orientation: the Electronic Archive of Academician A. P. Ershov, the Photo Archive of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, the Archive of the newspaper "Science in Siberia", the Open Archive of the SB RAS, etc. Each of the resources has its own specifics but in general their content is based on the general social and territorial basis of scientific and public activities of the SB AS USSR/RAS and the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. In this report we will look at some of the problems of integrating/disintegrating disparate electronic resources into a common platform using existing and emerging tools.
5
Bataveljić, Dragan. "Usluge bez kojih se ne može – pogrebne usluge." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.347b.
Анотація:
In this paper the author points to a group of services, which is large and significant, but rather neglected and insufficiently investigated since the authors have not written about them in a systematic way. Namely, many think that in life there are more important services that should fall within the scope of our interest or a research work. However, when the funeral services are comprehensively considered and analyzed, we come to a quite different conclusion. These services, unlike many others, are original, authentic and ancient, coming from a distant past. They are also lasting, that is, they will remain indefinitely. Of course, they have changed in the course of history depending on people’s customs, religion, beliefs, living standard and social class. It is general conclusion that in the course of their historical development, the number funeral of services has gradually increased to become a corpus of an enviable size. There is no doubt that in future this number will further grow and that service law will become richer for one more significant branch of services.
6
Blumberga, Solveiga, and Gundega Tirzīte. "INTERGENERATIONAL ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS OF E-HEALTH SERVICES." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/05.
Анотація:
Health care is important and necessary for all humankind on all generations, so, it is of most importance to understand the situation and possibilities. This is where understanding consumer attitudes and perceptions can help to improve for equal possibilities to all generations and social groups. Consumer attitudes and social perceptions give us the information to help advance processes and detect problems that are not obvious and are often mistaken as too insignificant for attention. Since 2007, e-health has been introduced in Latvia as a big change towards digitalization, simplicity and more efficient health care all over the country. Officially, doctors and patients are using the e-health system to store and receive information related to a person’s health care since the year 2018. The topic of the research is of great importance, and it aims to ensure those people who do not have access to a computer or who cannot work with it are able to receive the same level of health care as those who are active and can easily navigate and use platforms such as e-health in the e-environment. The key questions of the research are as follows: what are the attitudes of consumers from different generations on e-health, what are the social perceptions of consumers from different generations on e-health, are there statistically significant differences in consumer attitudes of different generations are there statistically significant differences in the social perceptions of consumers of different generations about e-health, are there statistically significant relations between different generations of consumers on consumer attitudes and social perceptions about e-health? Methods used in the study are two surveys created by authors on social attitudes towards e-health services, and on social perceptions towards e-health services. The results of e-health services that are related to its integration do not reflect promises of dwindling waiting lines and state-paid services. The results also show that older users are more interested in e-health, as they face health problems more frequently than younger consumers daily, but their possibilities are limited by the technology that has created a very long bridge between patients, and the possibility to interact in the newly integrated e-health system. Younger potential users of e-health have important modernity where the older e-health users are viewing this differently, for which modernity is not current. Social perceptions that affect awareness and emotion are linked and do not differ significantly between generations, which show’s that if consumers had a chance to improve their social expectations about e-health, it would affect users and potential users alike, creating positive emotions and would improve attitudes on e-health, in general.
7
Labudović Stanković, Jasmina. "NEDOSTACI TRŽIŠTA ZDRAVSTVENE ZAŠTITE." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.619ls.
Анотація:
The paper is dedicated to imperfections in the health care market. The author explains what market efficiency means in general, but also what health market efficiency means. An efficient health system would be one that provides health care to all members of the population regardless of age, health status and financial status. Having in mind the fact that the market of health services, ie health care, is a typical example of an imperfect market, state intervention is necessary. Competition in this market leads to inequality and the inability of all citizens to receive health care. The provision of health care cannot be based on market principles, so the wider social interest justifies and requires state intervention.
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Chreneková, Marcela, Adriána Klapková, and Veronika Svetlíková. "Potenciál rozvoja sociálneho podnikania v treťom sektore na Slovensku." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-56.
Анотація:
The development of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia was accelerated by the adoption of a new law on its support in 2018. Most of the 123 registered social enterprises have the legal form of a business company, they are of integration enterprises type and the founders are mainly municipalities. Third sector organizations are not active enough in setting up social enterprises. The aim of the paper is to find out what are the barriers and potential for the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector. Primary and secondary data sources were used in the work. The survey method was used for characteristic of social entrepreneurship, the awareness of municipalities and third sector organizations about the social economy and barriers to the establishment of social enterprises in third sector organizations. The biggest barrier to the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector is unsystematic funding, the complexity of compliance with rules and regulations and the absence of mapping the needs of disadvantaged groups. There are 2 types of entities with the potential to establish a social enterprise, namely non-profit organizations providing services of general interest and civic associations. They are prerequisites for the establishment of a social enterprise because they employ a relatively high number of disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and are engaged in public benefit activities that can be the subject of generating profits in social enterprise. The awareness of third sector organizations about social entrepreneurship is much higher compared to municipalities, but they feel barriers to the establishment of a social enterprise.
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Vučković, Jelena. "Pružanje usluga u jedinicama lokalnih samouprava i optimizacija administrativnih procedura." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.553v.
Анотація:
Local government is a complex system of management (Holding Company) that directly provides various services to the local community or operates a service delivery system, of a "higher" managerial (political, economic, social) level. The services provided in local government are very numerous and different in character. In this multitude of services, utilities can be considered as the local government services in the narrow sense. Utilities are services provided by local governments that meet the needs and interests of citizens and organizations. All utilities are, in fact, activities providing utilities, that is, services provided by local governments, through their bodies, organizations and services. The actions that implement these utilities are expertly technical actions and procedures, but what precedes the undertaking of these utilities is determined by the General Administrative Procedures Act (GAPA). Therefore, the provision of public utilities has its own expert and technical aspect, as well as administrative, which accompanies it before, during and after, in terms of utility services management. The optimization of administrative procedures has become an important goal of administrative reform in many countries and involves a number of measures. What is primary is determining administrative costs and burdens, which are a significant barrier to business as well as meeting citizens' daily needs. After enlisting of the administrative procedures, it is necessary to analyze and then optimize the administrative procedures related to communal services, in order to determine which procedures need to be simplified and which should be abolished. After the analysis has been carried out, the proposal will be prepared for the amendment, or simplification of administrative procedures, as well as the eventual abolition of those that are unnecessary.
10
Vučković, Jelena. "NEKA PITANjA DIGITALIZACIJE MEDIJSKIH USLUGA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.521v.
Анотація:
Life in the period of the fourth industrial revolution, complete and comprehensive digitization of almost every segment of human life, brings with it new challenges of recognition, understanding and coping in the digital environment. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus has further encouraged forms of virtual communication, and accelerated the development of digital services and their provision to unimaginable limits. The paper analyzes the way in which the digital environment influences the change in the way of providing media services, which are increasingly digital, and less classic and traditional. This means meeting and confronting a lot of information on the Internet and new social networks, which are becoming an alternative medium. younger population. Living in a digitized, hypertechnologically mediated world leads to the quantitative nature of information, without clearly determining its quality. A lot of information also leads to a lot of misinformation and false news. The appearance of the so-called algorithmic echo chambers, "clickbait" journalism, an increase in hate speech, as well as a decrease in trust in both the mainstream media and the journalistic profession in general. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the legal capacity of Internet regulation and the responsibility of digital service providers for the quality of audio-visual media content, it is important to pay attention to an important segment of preventive social action - development and strengthening of media literacy. Media literacy is one of the key competencies for living and working in a digitized and mediated environment, so it is necessary to clearly define its concept.
Звіти організацій з теми "Services of general social interest":
1
Rúas-Araújo, J., F. Campos-Freire, and I. Puentes-Rivera. Use and assessment of general-interest social networks and academic databases in Galician universities. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1141en.
2
Rúas-Araújo, J., F. Campos-Freire, and I. Puentes-Rivera. Use and assessment of general-interest social networks and academic databases in Galician universities. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1161en.
3
Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.
Анотація:
Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
4
Johnson, Eric M., and Robert Chew. Social Network Analysis Methods for International Development. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0026.2105.
Анотація:
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a promising yet underutilized tool in the international development field. SNA entails collecting and analyzing data to characterize and visualize social networks, where nodes represent network members and edges connecting nodes represent relationships or exchanges among them. SNA can help both researchers and practitioners understand the social, political, and economic relational dynamics at the heart of international development programming. It can inform program design, monitoring, and evaluation to answer questions related to where people get information; with whom goods and services are exchanged; who people value, trust, or respect; who has power and influence and who is excluded; and how these dynamics change over time. This brief advances the case for use of SNA in international development, outlines general approaches, and discusses two recently conducted case studies that illustrate its potential. It concludes with recommendations for how to increase SNA use in international development.
5
Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
Анотація:
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Barker, Gary, Jorge Lyra, and Benedito Medrado. The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1004.
Анотація:
From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.
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De Castro-Valderrama, Marcela. Present-biased Government, Creative Accounting and a Pitfall in Balanced Budget Rules. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1183.
Анотація:
I propose a general equilibrium model with a quasi-hyperbolic discounting government that optimally decides upon using creative accounting in order to evaluate a balanced budget rule and a debt rule. In that context, I find that a binding balanced budget rule could fail to properly constrain public overindebtedness when government uses creative accounting while a debt rule is effective, since targets are set on total public liabilities. Results suggest that a balanced budget fiscal rule can also deteriorate welfare due to the higher interest rates derived from doing operations under the line, implying future expenditure cuts that are harmful for households, who value public goods and services. A debt rule is also preferred for its capacity to reverse some welfare losses generated by the present-biased government.
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Garcimartín, Carlos, Jhonatan A. Astudillo, and Christian Schneider. Inclusión financiera en Panamá. La importancia de la calidad institucional y las brechas territoriales, de ingreso y de género. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004207.
Анотація:
La inclusión financiera ha venido adquiriendo un interés creciente, tanto a nivel académico, como por parte de las autoridades, el sector privado y la sociedad civil. Es así porque la inclusión financiera favorece el desarrollo económico, la reducción de la pobreza, el aumento de la equidad y ayuda a cerrar las brechas de género. El primer objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un índice de inclusión financiera que permita analizar la situación relativa de Panamá. Los resultados muestran que la inclusión financiera de los hogares panameños es relativamente menor a lo que cabría esperar, dado el nivel de desarrollo alcanzado por el país. En segundo lugar, hemos estimado el índice por grupos sociales, encontrando que existe un sesgo de género, de nivel de ingresos y en contra de las áreas rurales en la inclusión financiera. Posteriormente, hemos analizado los factores que explican que la relativamente baja inclusión financiera en Panamá. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, las principales causas son el peso relativo del empleo en la agricultura, la desigualdad de ingresos, la brecha de género, la calidad institucional y los desequilibrios territoriales que existen en el país; factores que remiten a desafíos estructurales que enfrenta Panamá. Por último, hemos analizado la inclusión financiera digital, encontrando que, al igual que sucede con la general, los resultados de Panamá son inferiores a lo que se esperaría, dado su nivel de desarrollo, siendo las causas similares a las anteriores, junto al bajo nivel educativo promedio y el escaso desarrollo de las industrias fintech. Todo ello pone de manifiesto que aumentar la inclusión financiera pasa por seguir mejorando en esos desafíos estructurales del país: equidad de género, distribución del ingreso, calidad institucional, equilibrio territorial y educación, además de las fintech en el caso digital. Panamá ha realizado avances en estos ámbitos a lo largo de los últimos años. Seguir progresando permitirá la inclusión financiera de un mayor número de panameños y, especialmente, de panameñas que aún no tienen acceso a los servicios financieros, lo cual, a su vez, contribuirá no solo al crecimiento económico, sino, además, a que éste sea más inclusivo.
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Kofler, Jakob, Elisabeth Nindl, Dorothea Sturn, and Magdalena Wailzer. Participatory Approaches in Research, Technology and Innovation (RTI) Policy and their Potential Impact. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.518.
Анотація:
The present article reviews various concepts of participatory science and research and discusses their potential to exhibit impact on the relationship between science and society. Starting with an overview of rationales, concepts and challenges, different forms and intensities of participatory approaches in research and innovation are discussed. We then look at the situation in Austria and sort selected Austrian funding programmes and initiatives into a diagram according to the intensity of participation as well as the social groups involved in each case. Finally, we try to gain more precise indications of the impact of participatory programmes on the relationship between science and society. Many questions remain unanswered, as precise analyses and evaluation results are usually lacking. While different surveys provide insights into society’s level of information on a general level, interest, involvement and attitude towards science and research, approaches for impact assessment are fragmented and remain on the surface. We therefore propose to develop an analytical framework based on existing approaches and to include collaboratively developed indicators in it.
10
Godenau, Dirk. Migration and the economy. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.02.
Анотація:
Economic reasons are among the basic explanatory factors of migration, whether international or internally within a country. In turn, migratory movements have effects on the economy in terms of economic growth in general, but also in the different markets (work, housing, consumer goods, etc.) and public services (education, health, social services, etc.). The purpose of this document is to offer an overview of these interactions between migration and the economy in the case of the Canary Islands. To do this, certain conceptual clarifications will be made initially involving the mutual determination of both processes, before later providing specifics with evidence on the Canarian case for the main issues considered: the economic reasons for migration, and its impact on economic growth, the labour market and the living conditions of the immigrant population. The final section alludes to the importance of the institutional framework that regulates these relations between migration and the economy, which are far from being interpretable as a mechanical relationship and isolated from the political sphere.