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1
Li, Xiaoling, Xingyao Ren, and Xu Zheng. "Management of competition among sellers and its performance implications for business-to-business electronic platforms." Nankai Business Review International 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-02-2015-0006.
Анотація:
Purpose – This paper aimed to analyze the short- and long-term effects of the breadth and depth of seller competition on the performance of platform companies, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of customers’ two-sided marketing tactics on the structure of the competition between sellers. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal research design was adopted by gathering daily market objective data on e-commerce platforms for 250 days, and the dynamic evolution effects was analyzed by using a vector autoregression model which compared the differences between the short- and long-term effectiveness of different customer relationship management (CRM) strategies. Findings – The breadth of competition amongst sellers improves the performance of platforms, whilst the depth of competition among sellers has a positive effect on the short-term performance. However, it has a negative effect on the long-term performance of their platforms. In both the short and long terms, advertising tactics that attract new buyers contribute more to increases in the breadth of seller competition than those that attract existing buyers do. Subsidies for new sellers decrease the depth of seller competition more than those for old sellers. Research limitations/implications – Further research could be undertaken to investigate the validity of marketing tactics other than advertising tactics, and thus expand the time windows of the available data. Practical implications – It is imperative for platform companies to implement effective control over seller competition to balance the interests of the sellers and of themselves. Originality/value – The dyadic paradigm of CRM research has been extended by considering the perspective of the electronic platform company, how the tactics of exploitation and exploration of two-sided customers impact upon seller competitive structures have been delved into and why new customers have a unique value to platform companies has been identified.
2
Alex Tullo. "Short seller throws Loop for a loop." C&EN Global Enterprise 98, no. 40 (October 19, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09840-buscon6.
3
Linnertová, Dagmar. "Testing of Short Sale Hypotheses on the U.S. Market in the Period from 1990 to 2015." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 2025–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664062025.
Анотація:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of short sale hypotheses the NYSE and NASDAQ in the period 1990 – 2015. Short has been regulated in the U.S. market since the 1930s by so‑called up‑tick rules and other legal acts. The aim of this regulation was to prevent short sellers from adding to the downward momentum when the price of an asset was already experiencing sharp declines. During the 1990s, short sale regulations changed several times. In this paper, panel regression is applied to investigate short sale determinants on the NYSE and NASDAQ. Short seller motivation and the results are compared with those for particular markets and sub periods that represent different legal regulations of short selling activities in the period from 1990 to 2015.
4
Kwok, Linchi, and Karen L. Xie. "Buyer-seller similarity." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 2925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2017-0624.
Анотація:
Purpose Buyers (renters) and sellers (hosts) on peer-to-peer (P2P) room-sharing websites make purchasing/selling decisions based on each other’s demographic information published in the cyber marketplace. Nevertheless, how this reciprocal selection based on the similarities between renters and hosts may lead to a successful P2P transaction of such services has not yet been discussed. Building on the similarity–attraction paradigm, this study assessed the similarity effects between renters and hosts on the likelihood of a P2P room-sharing transaction. Design/methodology/approach A logistical regression model was employed in analysis, using a large-scale, granular online observational data set collected from Xiaozhu.com, a primary home-sharing platform in China. Findings Renter–host similarities in age and education significantly affect the likelihood of a P2P room-sharing transaction. As the number of listings managed by a host increases, the effect of age similarity decreases. While a renter’s experience with a room-sharing website negatively moderates the similarity effect of age, it is a factor positively moderating the similarity effect of education. Research limitations/implications Other possible host–renter similarities were not analyzed due to the limitation of the data source. The reciprocal selection process for room-sharing services was acknowledged by integrating buyers’ and sellers’ data into one analysis. Practical implications Implications are advanced for the stakeholders of room-sharing business, including entrepreneurs running a room-sharing website, operators of short-term residential rentals and hoteliers. Originality/value This study represents a first attempt to research the buyer–seller similarity effects on the likelihood of a P2P transaction in sharing economy.
5
Shi, Wei, Brian L. Connelly, and Kubilay Cirik. "Short Seller Influence on Firm Growth: A Threat Rigidity Perspective." Academy of Management Journal 61, no. 5 (October 2018): 1892–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.1010.
6
Andracki, Thaddeus. "The Short Seller by Elissa Brent Weissman (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 66, no. 10 (2013): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2013.0380.
7
Thornock, Jacob. "The Effects of Dividend Taxation on Short Selling and Market Quality." Accounting Review 88, no. 5 (April 1, 2013): 1833–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50479.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT: This study examines the effects of dividend taxation on the primary parties involved in a short sale: the lender of the stock and the short seller. For stock lenders, dividend taxation is associated with a decrease in the supply of shortable shares and an increase in equity lending fees around the dividend record date. For short sellers, potential reimbursement costs are associated with a significant decrease in short volume before the ex-dividend date followed by a significant increase after the ex-date. Prior research shows that short selling improves price efficiency and formation. Hence, because of the negative effects of taxation on shorting, market quality declines along several dimensions: equity mispricing, increased loan search frictions, loan price inefficiencies, and market microstructure breakdown. In sum, this study documents that taxation constricts the shorting market around the dividend dates, which in turn has negative implications for market quality. JEL Classifications: G11, G12, G23, H20
8
Chordia, Tarun, Amit Goyal, and Narasimhan Jegadeesh. "Buyers versus Sellers: Who Initiates Trades, and When?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, no. 5 (October 2016): 1467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000521.
Анотація:
Models that examine investors’ motivations to trade often make opposite predictions about the relation between trading decisions and past returns. We find that, in the aggregate, both buyer- and seller-initiated trades increase with past returns. The difference between buyer- and seller-initiated trades is negatively related to short horizon returns but positively related to returns over longer horizons. Tax-loss-related seller-initiated trades in December and January are accompanied by increased buyer-initiated trades. Past returns significantly affect trading decisions, and these findings are consistent with a number of different models of trading behavior.
9
Malshe, Ashwin, Anatoli Colicev, and Vikas Mittal. "How Main Street Drives Wall Street: Customer (Dis)satisfaction, Short Sellers, and Abnormal Returns." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 6 (October 21, 2020): 1055–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720954373.
Анотація:
Although previous studies have established a direct link between customer-based metrics and stock returns, research is unclear on the mediated nature of their association. The authors examine the association of customer satisfaction and abnormal stock returns, as mediated by the trading behavior of short sellers. Using quarterly data from 273 firms over 2007–2017, the authors find that short interest—a measure of short seller activity—mediates the impact of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction on abnormal stock returns. Customer dissatisfaction has a more pronounced effect on short selling compared with customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction are more relevant for firms with low capital intensity and firms that face lower competitive intensity. The results show that a one-unit increase in customer satisfaction is associated with a .56 percentage point increase in abnormal returns, while a one-unit increase in customer dissatisfaction is associated with a 1.34 percentage point decrease in abnormal returns.
10
Anenberg, Elliot, and Steven Laufer. "Using Data on Seller Behavior to Forecast Short-Run House Price Changes." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2014, no. 016 (2014): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2014.016.
11
Rocker, David A. "The Threat of Litigation Chills Analyst Independence: Observations of a Short Seller." CFA Institute Conference Proceedings Quarterly 24, no. 3 (September 2007): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cp.v24.n3.4852.
12
Fischer, Greg, Dean Karlan, Margaret McConnell, and Pia Raffler. "Short-term subsidies and seller type: A health products experiment in Uganda." Journal of Development Economics 137 (March 2019): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.07.013.
13
Rhee, Yeongseop, and Sang Buhm Hahn. "Short Selling and Price Pressures in the Korean Stock Market." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 23, no. 2 (May 31, 2015): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-02-2015-b0005.
Анотація:
This paper examines short-selling activity focusing on its behavior during non-normal times of occasional excesses in the Korean stock market. Using the methodology explained by Brunnermeier and Pederson (2005) and Shkilko et al. (2009; 2012), we first examine whether short-selling is predatory on those event days of large price reversals. Overall there is little predatory abnormal short-selling in the pre-rebound phase and we can observe active contrarian short-selling in the post-rebound phase. When we compared aggressiveness between short-selling and non-short-selling using order imbalance variables, we found that non-short selling is much more aggressive than short selling in the Korean stock market. From the observation of market liquidity measured by quoted spreads, we could find that market liquidity is somewhat limited during price decline stages while it slightly improves during price reversal phases. Also, using dynamic panel model, we test the influences of those variables on stock price changes and disaggregate the compound effect of short-selling reflected in trading volume itself into differentiated ones not only through pure trading channel but also through other complicated channels such as market sentiment change. Main findings from the regression results are as follows : In the Korean stock market, short sellers seem to behave as a contrarian trader rather than a momentum trader; seller-initiated aggressive trading, whether it is by short-selling or non-short-selling, leads to negative order imbalance and price decline; market liquidity is limited by short-selling and further pressure on price decline is added in the pre-rebound stage; and stock prices are affected not only through pure selling (buying) channel but also through other channels in the Korean stock market.
14
Purbayanti, Dwi, and Syahrida Dian Ardhany. "Efek Paparan Asap Pengolahan Ikan dengan Cara di Panggang terhadap Indeks Trombosit pada Pedagang Makanan di Kota Palangka Raya." Borneo Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjmlt.v1i1.458.
Анотація:
Fish processing by grilled can produce emissions that contribute to pollutants in the air, which contain toxic chemical compounds that can provide short-term and long-term effects on human health. Some studies report a positive relationship between the amount of exposure to air pollution and the platelet index. The research was conducted on the subject of grilled fish sellers in Palangka Raya (73 respondents) and the control was fish food seller without selling grilled fish (33 respondents). Measurement of platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT) used KX300 Hematology Analyzers. The results showed a significant difference in platelet indices for MPV, PDW and P-LCR parameters in the exposed group compared to controls, with values in the exposed group higher than controls and for PCT parameters, there was no significant difference even though the exposure value was higher than the control. The content of harmful chemical compounds present in the smoke of processing grilled fish can increase platelet activation that can lead to inflammation.
15
Yanovytska, H. B. "UNFAIR TERMS IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391915.
Анотація:
The article deals with the concepts and signs of unfair terms in contracts with the participation of consumers. National legislation contains a warning that the seller (performer, manufacturer) has no right to offer in the contract and include unfair terms. In the European Union, such relationships are governed by Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 On Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts,which is horizontal in scope and applies to contracts to which the consumer and the seller/supplier are parties. The Directive states that an unfair term is recognized as a condition of a contract that was not individually negotiated, if, for breach of the requirement of good faith, it causes significant discrepancies in the rights and obligations of the parties arising from the contract, to the detriment of the consumer. Unlike national legislation, the Directive contains an exhaustive list of unfair terms. For example,conditions having a purpose or intention: a) to exclude or limit the legal liability of the seller or supplier in the event of death or injury to the consumer because of the activity or inaction of such a seller or supplier. b) to conclude an agreement that will oblige the consumer, according to which the provision of services by the seller or supplier will depend on the personal desire of the latter. c) automatically extend the contract of the specified duration, when the consumer does not show the opposite desire, if the specified deadline for the expression of the consumer’s desire is unreasonably short, etc. Such a list of conditions that may be considered unfair is inexhaustible. A study of national legislation shows that unfair terms of the contract violate the principle of good faith and lead to a significant imbalance of contractual rights and obligations and cause harm to the consumer. The presence of these conditions is the basis for their recognition as invalid, and in some cases invalidation of the contract as a whole.
16
Clunie, James, Peter Moles, and Tatiana Pyatigorskaya. "Short-Sellers and Short Covering." Multinational Finance Journal 13, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2009): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/13-3/4-5.
17
Wink, Stephen, Christopher Clark, Stefan Paulovic, and Kathleen Whipple. "Recent SEC enforcement actions put spotlight on prohibited short selling." Journal of Investment Compliance 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2014-0006.
Анотація:
Purpose – To highlight recent enforcement actions by the SEC demonstrating the agency's increased focus on violations of Rule 105 of Regulation M and to provide guidance on how to avoid becoming the target of such an SEC action. Design/methodology/approach – Describes the SEC's 23 recent enforcement actions against firms for violations of Rule 105, explains the conduct prohibited by Rule 105 as well as the exceptions to the Rule, and provides advice on how firms can avoid a Rule 105 related SEC enforcement action. Findings – In light of the SEC's recently announced zero-tolerance policy and the fact that Rule 105 does not require intent on the part of the short seller to engage in a prohibited transaction, firms should provide training to their employees regarding Rule 105, develop and implement policies and procedures to ensure compliance with Rule 105, and enforce those policies and procedures. Originality/value – Practical explanation and guidance by experienced financial services lawyers.
18
Koshman, Sergey S. "LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM EXPORT CONTRACTS FOR NATURAL GAS SUPPLY." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2020-3-51-56.
Анотація:
Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
19
Koshman, Sergey S. "Long-Term and Short-Term Export Contracts for Natural Gas Supply." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4396-2020-3-103-107.
Анотація:
Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
20
Sieder, Sebastian. "Anwendungsschwierigkeiten mit den Eingriffsbefugnissen der Short Selling Regulation (SSR)." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 31, no. 3 (June 18, 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2019-0305.
Анотація:
Zusammenfassung Die Leerverkaufsverordnung (Short Selling Regulation, SSR) enthält neben den dauerhaften Verpflichtungen der Marktteilnehmer situative Eingriffsbefugnisse der jeweils zuständigen (nationalen) Behörden und der ESMA. Dabei enthält Art. 23 SSR eine „Befugnis zur befristeten Beschränkung des Leerverkaufs von Finanzinstrumenten bei signifikantem Kursverfall“. Diese sog. Circuit-Breaker-Regelung ermöglicht es den nationalen Aufsichtsbehörden, ab einer festgelegten Kursverlustschwelle, Leerverkäufe des betroffenen Finanzinstruments zu beschränken oder zu verbieten. Ende 2017 wurde in einem ESMA-Final Report (Technical Advice on the evaluation of certain elements of the Short Selling Regulation) sowohl von der ESMA als auch von den Marktteilnehmern Kritik an Art. 23 SSR geäußert. Die Schwächen des SSR-Circuit-Breaker liegen insbesondere im Tatbestand selbst und in dessen mangelhafter wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Fundierung begründet. Mülbert weist zu Recht darauf hin, dass Art. 23 SSR eine Schlüsselrolle bei der aufsichtsrechtlichen Handhabung von Short-Seller-Attacken, wie sie sich in den letzten Jahren bei Wirecard, Ströer, Aurelius und ProSiebenSat.1 ereignet haben, zukommen könnte. Bezüglich Wirecard hat im Februar 2019 die BaFin-Allgemeinverfügung, mit der die Begründung/Vergrößerung von Netto-Leerverkaufspositionen in Wirecard-Aktien verboten wurde, für Aufsehen gesorgt. Diesbezüglich wird die BaFin-Anwendung des Art. 20 SSR analysiert. Abschließend wird untersucht, wie ein sinnvoller Leerverkaufs-Circuit-Breaker angewendet werden sollte und wie dieser, auch unter rechtsvergleichenden Gesichtspunkten, de lege ferenda effizient ausgestaltet werden sollte.
21
Guenzi, Paolo, Luigi M. De Luca, and Rosann Spiro. "The combined effect of customer perceptions about a salesperson’s adaptive selling and selling orientation on customer trust in the salesperson: a contingency perspective." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 4 (May 3, 2016): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2015-0037.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of customer perceptions about a salesperson’s combined use of adaptive selling (AS) and selling orientation (SO) on customer trust in the salesperson. Based on insights from attribution theory, the contingency model of salespeople’ effectiveness, relationship marketing and market orientation literatures, the authors analyze the interplay between customer perceptions of salespeople’s AS and SO, and how this affects customer trust. Furthermore, adopting a contingency perspective, the authors investigate how two important situational variables (i.e. length of buyer–seller relationships and importance of purchase for the buyer) affect this relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on regression analysis with two- and three-way interactions, using survey data from 134 business-to-business (B2B) buyers. Findings The results indicate that the interplay between AS and SO is negatively related to trust, and that the above situation is attenuated in sales contexts characterized by high purchase importance or enduring buyer–seller relationships. Research limitations/implications The empirical findings are based on firms from a single industry. Second, a cross-sectional research design is adopted. Third, the absence of measures of objective performance (e.g. sales) might be regarded as a limitation. Practical implications The study suggests that salespeople willing to win customer trust should modify their approach across the relationship life cycle. Similarly, when purchase importance for the customer is low, salespeople interested in building relationships based on trust should combine AS and customer orientation. In contrast, when purchase importance is high, salespeople can only generate more trust by increasing customer orientation/reducing SO. These findings might inspire sales trainers and sales managers in developing training experiences based on adaptation and customer orientation. Originality/value The research contributes in several ways to the literature. First, the simultaneous effect of AS and SO on performance (i.e. customer trust) was investigated. Second, the analysis of the interaction between AS and SO was complemented by testing two important boundary conditions residing in the selling situation: purchase importance and relationship length. Third, this study is the first to examine the interplay among AS, SO and selling context outside using customer data from actual B2B sales interactions. Also, it enhances knowledge of the effects of AS on sales outcomes by adding a long-term, relational outcome (i.e. trust) to previous work that tended to focus on short-term outcomes (i.e. sales revenues). Furthermore, by investigating perceived benefits from the point of view of customers rather than sellers, our findings add to previous studies of AS which relied too heavily, or exclusively, on the voice of the seller. Finally, this study shed further light on the role played by SO in affecting customer-based performance.
22
ROOT, MICHAEL. "INTERPRETATION UPDATED." European Journal of Sociology 45, no. 3 (December 2004): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975604001572.
Анотація:
IN 1982, SEVEN PEOPLE in the Chicago area died after taking Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide. Newspapers at the time wondered about the motives of the killer. A few looked for an economic motive for the crime and speculated that the killer was an investor in Johnson and Johnson, the manufacturer of the drug, who had sold his stock in the company short. According to this economic interpretation of the event, the deaths, the killer reasoned, would cause a sharp decline in the price of the stock, and, under these conditions, a short seller would turn a tidy profit by covering his sale with shares bought after the murders; while there was no direct evidence of any significant amount of short selling around the time of the crime, had a capital gain been the killer's motive, his actions would have been rational and, as result, easier for us to understand than if we were to suppose that he poisoned the capsules for no reason. In fact, one story carried the headline “Tylenol Murders Rational After All”.
23
Zhang, Dennis J., Hengchen Dai, Lingxiu Dong, Fangfang Qi, Nannan Zhang, Xiaofei Liu, Zhongyi Liu, and Jiang Yang. "The Long-term and Spillover Effects of Price Promotions on Retailing Platforms: Evidence from a Large Randomized Experiment on Alibaba." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3316.
Анотація:
Dynamic pricing through price promotions has been widely used by online retailers. We study how a promotion strategy, one that offers customers a discount for products in their shopping cart, affects customer behavior in the short and long term on a retailing platform. We conduct a randomized field experiment involving more than 100 million customers and 11,000 retailers with Alibaba Group, one of the world’s largest retailing platform. We randomly assign eligible customers to either receive promotions for products in their shopping cart (treatment group) or not receive promotions (control group). In the short term, our promotion program doubles the sales of promoted products on the day of promotion. In the long term, we causally document unintended consequences of this promotion program during the month after our treatment period. On the positive side, it boosts customer engagement, increasing the daily number of products that customers view and their purchase incidence on the platform. On the negative side, it intensifies strategic customer behavior in the posttreatment period in two ways: (1) by increasing the proportion of products that customers add to their shopping cart conditional on viewing them, possibly because of their intention to get more shopping cart promotions, and (2) by decreasing the price that customers subsequently pay for a product, possibly because of their strategic search for lower prices. Importantly, these long-term effects of price promotions on consumer engagement and strategic behavior spill over to sellers who did not previously offer promotions to customers. Finally, we examine heterogeneous treatment effects across promotion, seller, and consumer characteristics. These findings have important implications for platforms and retailers. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
24
André, Vanessa, Christine Petr, Nicolas André, Martine Hausberger, and Alban Lemasson. "Voice features of telephone operators predict auditory preferences of consumers." Interaction Studies 17, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17.1.04and.
Анотація:
Abstract What makes a human voice agreeable is a matter of scientific discussion. Whereas prosody was shown to play a role regarding “male-female” attraction, the impact of frequency modulations in “non-sexual”, notably commercial, contexts has attracted little attention. Another point unaddressed in the literature is auditory sensitivity to short-term frequency modulations as current studies focus more on sentence. Thirty French female operators were recorded over the phone. All “bonjour” greeting words were classified in terms of frequency modulation linearity and orientation at the syllable and word levels. Then, the different voices were played back to students and seniors who had to rate each voice according to their degree of agreeableness. Listeners preferred non-monotonous voices. Differences between age-classes were greater than between sex-classes. Results suggest that short-term frequency changes are important for auditory evaluation of voice agreeableness. This study opens new research perspectives concerning the importance of prosody during consumer-seller interactions.
25
Faghih, Esmail, and Fatemeh Abbasi. "Implicatures in the Persian and Turkish Translations of Four American Short Stories." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0610.20.
Анотація:
Translation of implicature as a challenging issue in Translation Studies is addressed in the present study. Considering this notion, the researchers’ main concern after extracting implicatures was to investigate the translation procedures proposed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2002) and also Newmark (1988) in translating implicatures including: 1. Linguistic amplification, 2. Linguistic compression, 3. Literal translation, 4. Transposition, 5. Established equivalence, and 6. Free translation. To achieve the aims of the study, six questions were proposed to examine the translation procedures adopted by the translators and to find out the most frequent translation procedures utilized in rendering the relevant implicatures. To this end, four short stories entitled “Cat in the Rain”, “Indian Camp”, “Killers”, and “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” by American writer Ernest Hemingway and their two best-seller Persian and Turkish translations by Ahmad Golshiri and Shirmohammad Qudratoghlu were chosen to be analyzed. Through a contrastive analysis in this qualitative descriptive study, sixty-nine implicatures were identified and extracted from all these short stories according to the maxims defined by Grice (1975) and compared with their corresponding translations. The results indicated that the Turkish translator has used linguistic amplification and free translation that do not lead to reproduce the implicatures in the target text; therefore, the Persian translator was more successful in recreating the implicatures in the target text (see Abbasi, 2016).
26
Morgan, Yasser L. "Managing DSRC and WAVE Standards Operations in a V2V Scenario." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2010 (June 20, 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/797405.
Анотація:
The Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) standards suite is based on multiple cooperating standards mainly developed by the IEEE. In particular, we focus this paper on the core design aspects of DSRC which is called Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). WAVE is highlighted in IEEE 1609.1/.2/.3/.4. The DSRC and WAVE standards have been the center of major attention in both research and industrial communities. In 2008, WAVE standard was the third best seller standards in the history of the IEEE. This attention reflects the potential of WAVE to facilitate much of the vehicular safety applications. In this paper we present a fairly detailed tutorial of the WAVE standards. We extend the paper by describing some of the lessons learned from particular design approaches. We direct the reader to the landmark research papers in relevant topics. We alert the reader about major open research issues that might lead to future contribution to the WAVE design.
27
Zhou, Xiaorong, Karen Gibler, and Velma Zahirovic-Herbert. "Asymmetric buyer information influence on price in a homogeneous housing market." Urban Studies 52, no. 5 (April 22, 2014): 891–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098014529464.
Анотація:
Buyers often pay different prices for almost identical houses. One possible explanation is that there are information asymmetries in housing markets. Perhaps, buyers from outside the area have higher search costs and know less about the local market relative to that of current residents. In addition, an out-of-town buyer’s price expectations could be anchored to market prices in their town of origin. This study examines the effect of buyer heterogeneity in the form of geographic location on house prices. We use a new data set to examine the non-local buyer information asymmetry and anchoring hypothesis. Using transaction data from a large development in Chengdu, China, our empirical models are estimated with relatively homogeneous units sold over a short period of time by one seller to minimise possible bias resulting from omitted variables. Our results support the hypotheses that non-local buyers pay higher prices and that high price anchoring occurs.
28
Campbell, Laura J. "The Showing." After Dinner Conversation 2, no. 9 (2021): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20212984.
Анотація:
What level of proof is required to believe in the spiritual and the afterlife? What level of proof is required for disclosure to others as material? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Mariette is a real estate agent that is informed by the seller that the house is haunted by a ghost. Mariette is prone to believing in ghosts, but feels this is information she is not required to tell a potential buyer. However, shortly thereafter, she starts getting strange static phone calls and seeing a woman from an earlier time walking the streets pushing an empty stroller. The situation comes to a head when she does some research that turns up a missing woman and child. Her phone rings again, again providing only static. By talking to the static Mariette is able to determine the sequence of events leading to the murder, and is able to set the wandering ghost free by giving it peace.
29
Reinhart, Gunther, and Philipp Englehardt. "Modular Configuration of an RFID-based Hybrid Control Architecture for a Situational Shop Floor Control." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2013v1i1.pp31-39.
Анотація:
Nowadays, producing companies act in a turbulent environment, which is caused by the globalization of the economy and the continuous shift from seller markets to buyer markets. One central aspect is the demand for customized products at short delivery times and reasonable costs. In this context, shop floor control becomes more and more important and therefore, the complexity of its purposes increases. However, current shop floor information, which is indispensable for a targeted execution of these purposes, is often not available. The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology enables an adequate and situational shop floor control. Since the integration and capabilities of RFID depends on specific framework conditions (e.g. forms of organization), an approach for a modular configuration of an RFID-based hybrid control architecture, that separates control efforts into centralized and decentralized control elements, is motivated. Finally, this approach could be implemented to a use case of a German automotive seat supplier.
30
Sarath, Bharat. "Audit quality within adverse selection markets." Asian Review of Accounting 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-12-2015-0127.
Анотація:
Purpose – Auditing may be viewed as an arrangement for reducing inefficiencies arising from the fundamental market conflict between a seller who wants as high a price as possible and a buyer who wants to pay as low a price as possible. In more general terms, sellers prefer policies that boost the stock price in the short run whereas buyers would prefer the price to peak when they are ready to sell some time in the future. By framing audited financial reports within this context, the purpose of this paper is to provide some insights regarding both audit institutions and audit regulation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper relies on conceptual arguments and a simple analytical model. Findings – The basic findings are that a unique definition of audit quality is not compatible with the economics of a market where there are conflicts across traders as well a possibility that some traders hold superior information to others. Even an identification of quality with accuracy fails in this setting of conflict. The inference is that audit quality should be approached from a multi-dimensional perspective rather than a unique measure. Research limitations/implications – While the paper points out difficulties in constructing measures of audit quality extant in the literature, it does not provide any clear empirical suggestions for better measures. Originality/value – The paper brings back into focus issues from information economics that form the bedrock for the study of audited financial statements in equity markets. While the paper is partially a survey and synthesis of some of the latest empirical findings, it describes them within the context of a rational economic market where traders may possess private information. Within such a market, the paper outlines both the conflicts and the benefits inherent to the current institutional arrangements where auditors are paid by incumbent shareholders and overseen by regulators.
31
Wang, Jiqiang, Fu Gu, Yingpeng Liu, Ying Fan, and Jianfeng Guo. "An Endowment Effect Study in the European Union Emission Trading Market based on Trading Price and Price Fluctuation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093343.
Анотація:
This paper pioneers to investigate the endowment effect in the European Union mission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as well as the impacts of trading experience and compliance pressure on the endowment effect. This study is based on the complete transaction records of the market. In the data set, the records of two consecutive reverse transactions from a same emitting company are selected. The lowest price that the buyer is willing to pay (WTP) and the maximum price the seller is willing to accept (WTA) are evaluated by excluding their risk cost that is used to avoid short-term fluctuations in the price. By distinguishing the difference between WTA and WTP, and long-term fluctuations in the prices during the two transactions, the trader’s endowment effect can be quantitively assessed. The results show that the degree of endowment effect of traders follows the trading experience. In addition, since the EU ETS is a cap-and-trade market, the traders face different levels of compliance pressure; when the pressure of the emission companies increases, the degree of endowment effect will also decrease.
32
Delima, Rosa, Halim Budi Santoso, Gerry Herbiyan Aditya, Joko Purwadi, and Argo Wibowo. "Development of Sales Modules for Agricultural E-Commerce Using Dynamic System Development Method." International Journal of New Media Technology 5, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v5i2.915.
Анотація:
E-Commerce is a process model of selling and buying goods using information and communication technology. This business model offers a broad market for products owned by the seller. However this sales model is not yet common for agricultural products. Most of the process of buying and selling agricultural products is still done conventionally. The lack of agricultural e-commerce sites is the main reason for the research conducted. This research will develop an agricultural e-commerce system. This system has two main modules that are sales module and purchasing module. This article specifically develops sales modules for agricultural e-commerce. In the development of modules applied Dynamic System Development Method. The used of this model is based on characteristic of the project which have limited number of development team and short development time. The development stages consist of pre-project, feasibility study, business study, functional model iteration, and design and build iteration. In this study a prototype has been produced for the sales module on agricultural e-commerce that is being developed
33
Barnes, Djuna, and Aaron Yale Heisler. "Lament for the Left Bank." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 1 (January 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.1.110.
Анотація:
In 1940 Djuna Barnes, author of the notorious but weak-selling Nightwood (1936), received a commission from Harry A. Bull, editor of the New York-based society magazine Town & Country, to write a short reminiscence of Paris in the 1920s. The Nazi occupation of the erstwhile world capital of the avant-garde gave Town & Country's well-heeled readership reason to be nostalgic for Paris's glamorous recent past. As for Barnes, despite her dwindling book sales, she still had some celebrity—especially among those American readers who remembered her risqué onetime best seller Ryder (1928)—as an artist, journalist, and character of the Paris scene. Struggling with alcoholism and illness, and fiercely private, but desperate for money, she accepted the commission (Herring 242-50). Drawing on material in a notebook she had carried while working as a journalist in the 1920s (Caselli 116), as well as an unpublished 1939 essay, “Farewell Paris,” Barnes took her miniature memoir through several drafts over the course of 1940 and 1941.
34
Asrofin, Edi, and Umar Ma’ruf. "IMPLIKASI ADANYA PEMALSUAN TANDA TANGAN DALAM AKTA JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH PPAT." Jurnal Akta 4, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v4i2.1779.
Анотація:
Not a few cases of falsified data that ends in the dispute often surfaced, both in print and electronic media and even non-publicized too much. Maybe in the short term, buyers do not face a lawsuit from another party, but in the long run the buyer will experience a lawsuit from another party who feels the rights to his land. Having a legal defect in a deed may result in the illegality of a later act of law. The problem of this thesis: why can there be counterfeiting of signatures in the deed of sale and purchase of land done by PPAT, how the process of handling the existence of signature falsification in the deed of sale and purchase of land done by PPAT and whether the implication of signature falsification of deed of sale and purchase of land done By PPAT.The method used in this research is sociological juridical, specification of jurisdiction approach of analysis, data used primary data and secondary data. Problems are analyzed with the theory of legal protection and legal certainty.The result of thesis research is known that the factors causing forgery of signatures in the deed of buying and selling of land conducted by PPAT PPAT have falsified the seller's signature in the process of making the Deed of Sale and Purchase, this is because PPAT assume that there has been signature from the seller in Receipt of previous buying and selling transaction so that it does not matter if in the Sale and Purchase Deed of the seller's signature in fake., The process of handling the signature fraud in the deed of sale and purchase of land conducted by PPAT is based on report from the seller who sued because felt the sign of the ladder in Fake in the Deed of Sale and Purchase, then the police conduct an investigation to the PPAT. The implication of counterfeiting the signatures of the land sale and purchase certificate conducted by PPAT may be criminalized, if it can be proven in court and Sanctions that could threaten PPAT which makes the deed inappropriate or indicated by the signature falsification in the document deed which is actually dismissal sanction with disrespect From his post. Keywords: Counterfeiting, Signature, PPAT Batang
35
Wildy, Martin A. "How Are Shorts Informed? Short Sellers, News, and Information Processing." CFA Digest 42, no. 4 (November 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v42.n4.45.
36
von Beschwitz, Bastian, and Massimo Massa. "Biased Shorts: Short sellers’ Disposition Effect and Limits to Arbitrage." International Finance Discussion Paper 2015, no. 1147 (November 2015): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2015.1147.
37
Gao, George, Qingzhong Ma, and David Ng. "The informativeness of short sellers: an insider’s perspective." China Finance Review International 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 354–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-08-2017-0193.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether corporate insiders extract information from activity of outsiders, specifically the short sellers. Design/methodology/approach Using portfolio approach and Fama-MacBeth regressions, this study examines the relation between short interest and subsequent insider trading activities. Findings The following results are reported. First, there is a strong inverse relation between short selling and subsequent insider trading, which is partially due to common private information and same target firm characteristics. Second, insiders extract information from shorts. This information extraction effect is more pronounced for firms whose insiders have stronger incentives to extract shorts information (insider purchases, higher short sale constraints, and better information environments). Third, during the September 2008 shorting ban, the information extraction affect disappeared among the large banned firms, whose shorting activities were distorted. Research limitations/implications The findings contradict the of-cited accusations corporate executives hold against short sellers. Instead, corporate insiders appear to trade in the same direction as suggested by shorting activities. Practical implications Among the vocal critics of short sellers are corporate insiders, who allege that short sellers beat down their stock prices. Many corporations even engage in stock repurchases to show confidence that the stock will perform well going forward despite the short sellers’ actions. This paper’s analysis on their personal portfolios suggests the other way around. Originality/value By focusing on how corporate insider trading is related to shorts information, this paper sheds new light on whether corporate decisions convey the true information the corporate insiders possess.
38
Hakansson, Nils H. "Why is Financial Reporting so Inefficient?" Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9000500104.
Анотація:
Those who know do not tell; those who tell do not know. Lao Tse In earlier papers (Hakansson, 1977, 1981), the equilibrium properties of two financial disclosure scenarios, “laissez-faire” and “timely public disclosure” were compared. The analysis showed that, measured in welfare space, the incentives of only two groups, less well-to-do subscribing investors and nonsubscribing investors (who tend to be “small” in terms of their resources) prefer the second scenario even though it results in greater aggregate output across states. The incentives of management, information searchers, and more well-to-do investors favor a “wide window” between significant events affecting the firm and their public disclosure, at least in the short run. The “cost” of this scenario is that it draws a sizable group of talented people from the productive sector into “scooping” information before its eventual disclosure. It is noteworthy that a regulatory solution is likely to further reduce, not improve, the productive efficiency of the economy. This paper examines the financial disclosure question further and argues that its resolution is directly linked to the principal-agent “contract” between the shareholders and management. These contracts do exhibit some peculiar properties, especially in the area of management compensation and with respect to MBOs, in which management apparently manages to be both the buyer and the “agent” for the seller.
39
Herbst, F. J., and C. L. Forrest. "The drivers influencing the relationship between sales representatives and customers and the impact this relationship has on sales volume within Coca-Cola’s Western Cape region." South African Journal of Business Management 39, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v39i1.554.
Анотація:
Companies within the FMCG sector are continually trying to create value from their brands by increasing their margins and/or selling more of their products. Taking cost out of the value chain gives the company a competitive advantage, but this advantage is short lived as competitors also reduce costs. Differentiating a product through enhanced features and benefits also provides a competitive advantage, but is also subject to imitation by rivals. As competition increases, companies are looking for new avenues to differentiate themselves. Relationship marketing has, as a result, increased its prevalence as a competitive tool to provide that point of difference.This research investigated the factors that influence the relationships between a Coca-Cola sales representative and his/her customers within the Cape Town region.This article was developed after studying literature as it pertained to customer relationship marketing. From the literature the foundation blocks in developing buyer-seller relationships were studied. The research methodology tested the impact of certain factors on the ability to build a relationship between buyer and seller and then tested the validity of those answers using underlying determinants of a relationship. These determinants included the ability to communicate, the ability to trust, the degree of loyalty and the ability to influence a customer.The response to the questionnaires was extremely high (over 95%) and provided for a robust evaluation of data. The research showed that there was a positive correlation between the profile of a sales representative and a customer. It is easier for a sales representative to build a relationship with a customer who is a similar age. It is however easier for the sales representative to influence a younger customer. Gender plays no role in a sales representative’s ability to build a relationship. With respect to education, a stronger relationship exists between a customer and sales representative of a similar education. Again it is easier for a representative to influence a customer who has a lower level of education. Race does have an impact on the ability to build relationships. The research showed that an African sales representative should service an African customer. There was a positive link between matching sales representatives and customers who come from similar areas and have the same religion. There was no correlation between the degree of the relationship that a Coca-Cola sales representative in the Western Cape region has with a customer and the sales growth within the outlets. This final conclusion must be read in the context of the relative high market share that the Coca-Cola Company has in the Western Cape.
40
Akimova, Anna S. "“...Your Only Choice Now is to Type or to Be a Seller at the Muir and Mirrielees“: on the Creative History of A.N. Tolstoy’s Short Story Without Wings (From the Past)." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 2 (2021): 406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-2-406-421.
Анотація:
“Female issue” probed on the example of A.N. Tolstoy’s diaries for 1911–1914 and his fiction in the article. The biographical, socio-cultural and textological methods were used to describe the writer’s texts. The analysis of periodical and the study of social and cultural life of the early 20th century led to the conclusion that the “female issue” and fates of real women had a great influence on the issues of the short story Masha. The text of the story was published in the Zavety journal in 1914, later Tolstoy prepared it for publication in volume 5 of his Works (1914). The main direction of his corrections was connected with the main character who left her husband and strolled the evening city. The author reduced some details which characterized her as a frivolous lady from tragicomedy or farce, and replaced real names and images with more common things. Tolstoy rewrote the story in 1927. He changed the title (Without Wings (From the Past)) and corrected all characters. As a result the genre of tragicomedy was transformed into tragedy of a lonely young woman “without wings.”
41
Akimova, Anna S. "“...Your Only Choice Now is to Type or to Be a Seller at the Muir and Mirrielees“: on the Creative History of A.N. Tolstoy’s Short Story Without Wings (From the Past)." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 2 (2021): 406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-2-406-421.
Анотація:
“Female issue” probed on the example of A.N. Tolstoy’s diaries for 1911–1914 and his fiction in the article. The biographical, socio-cultural and textological methods were used to describe the writer’s texts. The analysis of periodical and the study of social and cultural life of the early 20th century led to the conclusion that the “female issue” and fates of real women had a great influence on the issues of the short story Masha. The text of the story was published in the Zavety journal in 1914, later Tolstoy prepared it for publication in volume 5 of his Works (1914). The main direction of his corrections was connected with the main character who left her husband and strolled the evening city. The author reduced some details which characterized her as a frivolous lady from tragicomedy or farce, and replaced real names and images with more common things. Tolstoy rewrote the story in 1927. He changed the title (Without Wings (From the Past)) and corrected all characters. As a result the genre of tragicomedy was transformed into tragedy of a lonely young woman “without wings.”
42
Ling, Hue Chye. "Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct." CFA Digest 41, no. 1 (February 2011): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v41.n1.4.
43
Wearing, Robert, and Carmen A. Li. "Short sellers: Villains or scapegoats?" Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 2 (2011): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i2c3p5.
Анотація:
This paper discusses the role of short sellers and the concerns which are expressed in the news media about their activities. In particular, it examines the problem of optimism in analysts’ forecasts which might initially lead to ‘high’ share prices and the limitations of both agency and stakeholder theory in providing short sellers with a legitimate role. With the help of the existing empirical literature, we argue that short sellers can be regarded as carrying out a useful information function in financial markets. Indeed, encouraging short sellers to operate more effectively in the market as well as requiring fuller disclosure of their activities could provide a useful antidote to some of the share price rises which have been seen in recent years in failing companies
44
Boni, Leslie, and Michael Rosen. "Are Short Sellers Superior Traders?" Journal of Trading 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2010): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jot.2011.6.1.038.
45
KARPOFF, JONATHAN M., and XIAOXIA LOU. "Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct." Journal of Finance 65, no. 5 (September 21, 2010): 1879–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01597.x.
46
Cohen, Gil. "Do short sellers outperformthe market?" Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 13 (September 10, 2010): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840902917571.
47
Richardson, Scott. "Earnings Quality and Short Sellers." Accounting Horizons 17, s-1 (January 2003): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2003.17.s-1.49.
48
Boehmer, Ekkehart, Charles M. Jones, Juan (Julie) Wu, and Xiaoyan Zhang. "What Do Short Sellers Know?*." Review of Finance 24, no. 6 (March 26, 2020): 1203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfaa008.
Анотація:
Abstract Using NYSE short-sale order data, we investigate whether short sellers’ informational advantage is related to firm earnings and analyst-related events. With a novel decomposition method, we find that while these fundamental event days constitute only 12% of sample days, they account for over 24% of the overall underperformance of heavily shorted stocks. Importantly, short sellers use both public news and private information to anticipate news regarding earnings and analysts. Shorting’s predictive ability remains significant after controlling for information in analyst actions and displays no reversal patterns, indicating that short sellers know more than analysts, and the nature of their information is long term.
49
Christopherson, Robert, and Greg N. Gregoriou. "Short-sellers: The neglected breed." Pensions: An International Journal 9, no. 4 (June 2004): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940276.
50
Chague, Fernando, Rodrigo De-Losso, Alan De Genaro, and Bruno Giovannetti. "Short-sellers: Informed but restricted." Journal of International Money and Finance 47 (October 2014): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2014.04.001.