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Готові списки джерел за темами / State and local legislatures / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "State and local legislatures"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

GAMM, GERALD, and THAD KOUSSER. "Broad Bills or Particularistic Policy? Historical Patterns in American State Legislatures." American Political Science Review 104, no. 1 (2010): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540999030x.

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When do lawmakers craft broad policies, and when do they focus on narrow legislation tailored to a local interest? We investigate this question by exploring historical variation in the types of bills produced by American state legislatures. Drawing on a new database of 165,000 bills—covering sessions over 120 years in thirteen different states—we demonstrate the surprising prominence of particularistic bills affecting a specific legislator's district. We then develop and test a theory linking the goals of legislators to their propensity to introduce district bills rather than broad legislation

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2

Polborn, Mattias K., and James M. Snyder. "Party Polarization in Legislatures with Office-Motivated Candidates*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 3 (2017): 1509–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx012.

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Abstract We develop a theory of legislative competition in which voters care about local candidate valence and national party positions that are determined by the parties’ median legislators. As long as election outcomes are sufficiently predictable, the only stable equilibria exhibit policy divergence between the parties. If the degree of uncertainty about election outcomes decreases, and if voters place less weight on local candidates’ valence, polarization between the parties increases. Furthermore, a systematic electoral shock makes the party favored by the shock more moderate, while the d

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3

Pierzgalski, Michał, and Paweł Stępień. "A Peculiar Interpretation of the Constitutional Principle of “One Person, One Vote” in Poland: Voter (In)equality in the Elections to 1,200 Local Legislatures." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 4 (2017): 704–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417717787.

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The adoption of new redistricting plans for the 2014 elections to local legislatures in Poland resulted in significant violations of the “one person, one vote” principle. This article shows the results of the first comparative study measuring within-country variation of voter inequality, using data from the 2014 Polish local elections to 1,200 commune or municipal councils, that is, local legislatures. Voter inequality is usually examined at the country or state level, while studies that take into account within-country variation of malapportionment, using local election data, are neglected by

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4

Baxter, Emily. "Protecting Local Authority in State Constitutions and Challenging Intrastate Preemption." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 52.4 (2019): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.52.4.protecting.

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In recent years, state legislatures have increasingly passed laws that prohibit or preempt local action on a variety of issues, including fracking, LGBTQIA nondiscrimination, and workplace protections, among others. Often, these preemption laws are a direct response to action at the local level. States pass preemption laws either directly before or directly after a locality passes an ordinance on the same subject. Scholars have seen these preemptive moves as the outcome of the urban disadvantage in state and national government due to partisan gerrymandering. Preemption may be a feature of our

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5

Rees, Teresa, and Paul Chaney. "Multilevel Governance, Equality and Human Rights: Evaluating the First Decade of Devolution in Wales." Social Policy and Society 10, no. 2 (2011): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000564.

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The creation of a ‘regional’ legislature for Wales in 1999 presents the opportunity to evaluate the promotion of equality and human rights in the context of multi-level governance in the UK. A decade on, positive aspects include the political reprioritisation of equalities in policy and law and new forms of representative and discursive politics. However, significant shortcomings are also evident. Overall, the Wales case study suggests that sub-unitary-state legislatures have the potential to tailor equalities policies to meet local needs more effectively, yet progress may be arrested by conte

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6

Hills, Roderick M. "Dissecting the State: The Use of Federal Law to Free State and Local Officials from State Legislatures' Control." Michigan Law Review 97, no. 5 (1999): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290283.

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7

Grofman, Bernard, Michael Migalski, and Nicholas Noviello. "Effects of Multimember Districts on Black Representation in State Legislatures." Review of Black Political Economy 14, no. 4 (1986): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903792.

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We look at the most general feature of multimember districts (MMDs) as compared to single-member districting (SMD) plans: the higher likelihood of submergence of minority voting strength. We focus on data on black legislative representation between 1977 and 1982 in the 11 states with more than 15% black populations, and compare states which use MMDs with those that use SMDs. We also examine changes in black representation in states which shifted from MMDs to SMDs. In addition, for MMD state legislative elections in eight North Carolina counties between 1978 and 1982, we examine in detail the n

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8

CARNES, NICHOLAS, and ERIC R. HANSEN. "Does Paying Politicians More Promote Economic Diversity in Legislatures?" American Political Science Review 110, no. 4 (2016): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541600054x.

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If politicians in the United States were paid better, would more middle- and working-class people become politicians? Reformers often argue that the low salaries paid in state and local governments make holding office economically infeasible for lower-income citizens and contribute to the enduring numerical under-representation of the working class in our political institutions. Of course, raising politicians’ salaries could also make political office more attractive to affluent professionals, increasing competition for office and ultimately discouraging lower-income citizens from running and

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9

Lewis, Gregory B., Rahul Pathak, and Chester S. Galloway. "Trends in Public–Private Pay Parity in State and Local Governments." Review of Public Personnel Administration 38, no. 3 (2016): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x16671370.

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Have state and local governments (SLGs) achieved pay parity with the private sector? The answer depends on how one defines parity. Using a standard labor economics model on U.S. Census data from 1990 to 2014, we find different patterns if we focus on pay, on pay plus benefits, or on total compensation within an occupation. All approaches indicate that pay is higher in local than in state governments and that Blacks, Hispanics, and employees without college diplomas earn higher pay in SLGs than in the private sector. In contrast, Whites, Asians, and college graduates are less likely to enjoy hi

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10

Oliver, J. Eric. "Does Local Government Matter? How Urban Policies Shape Civic Engagement. By Elaine B. Sharp. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012. 248p. $67.50 cloth, $22.50 paper." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (2013): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271300114x.

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Like most fields of knowledge, political science tends to progress incrementally. Typically, a political scientist develops a model about a prominent institution or common behavior and that model becomes the starting point for understanding all its other permutations. This is especially the case in studies of American state and local government, which tend to follow theories of national politics. Scholars of state legislatures typically begin their analysis by using studies of the U.S. Congress, analysts of local elections start with presidential vote models, and so on. But, as Elaine Sharp re

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11

Kotosz, Balázs. "Local economic impact of universities." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 7, no. 1-2 (2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2013.1-2.22-26.

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The local economic impact of a large tertiary education institution such as a university is an issue which has attracted considerable attention in literature. Beck et al (1995, 246) define economic impact as „the difference between existing economic activity in a region given the presence of the institution and the level that would have been present if the institution did not exist.” Generally, there are three substantial problems. First, the definition of impact, second, measuring and estimating first-round expenditures and avoiding double-counting, third, estimating the correct value of the

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12

O'Connell, Stephen D. "Can Quotas Increase the Supply of Candidates for Higher-Level Positions? Evidence from Local Government in India." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 1 (2020): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00802.

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A one-third quota rule for women in local political leadership seats in India increases the number of female candidates who later contest seats in state and national legislatures. This arises from the candidacy of beneficiaries who gained political experience due to the quotas and career politicians who continue contesting in longer-exposed areas. The policy accounts for a substantial portion of the increase in female candidates for high office since the mid-1990s. Women have a higher probability of a top finish when running on major party tickets or contesting in areas that overlap with their

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13

Dr., N. Sukumaran, and C. Lingaganesan Dr. "LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 2 (2017): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037375.

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Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all areas. It is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals to which World leaders agreed at the Millennium summit held in New York 2000. Women have been walking on a tight rope signe the time they took up leadership positions in local bodies. A landmark political achievement for women was the constitutional amendment prescribing one-third representation to women in panchayats in the rural areas, and local bodies at all levels not only in relation to seats but also to presidentship. Now t

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14

Gavan-Koop, Denisa, and Patrick J. Smith. "Gendering Local Governing: Canadian and Comparative Lessons – The Case of Metropolitan Vancouver." Canadian Political Science Review 2, no. 3 (2008): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24124/c677/200826.

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The United Nations Special Advisor on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women, Rachel Mayanja recently noted the slow progress toward gender equity in political representation in the world’s assemblies: while representation of women in national legislatures is up (now at 16.4% overall), there remain areas of slower progress, and the rate of change remains distinctly unhurried. Countries such as Canada offer a basis for some comparisons; so does comparing national, provincial/state/regional and local governments. What is posed here is some evidence from the Canadian case, with brief national

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15

Chinnasamy, Sathiyaraj, M. Ramachandran, and Sowmiya Soundharaj. "Exploring Various International Law and Its Classification." Recent Trends in Law and Policy Making 7, no. 1 (2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/rlpm/1/1/3.

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Law, morality and profession relate to the customs, practices and rules of conduct of a society which are recognized as regulated by the society. Enforcement of Rules by Regulatory Authority. Law is an instrument that regulates human behavior. Laws provide the framework and rules for settling disputes between individuals. Laws create a system where individuals can bring their disputes to an impartial fact finder such as a judge or arbitrator. We have laws to provide our common security. These include local, state and national laws and food safety laws. In this presentation, we will examine fou

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16

Schachter, Hindy Lauer, Janice Daniel, and Rachel (Rongfang) Liu. "Win-Win Agreements and Public Private Infrastructure Partnerships: Managerial and Governance Concerns." Public Administration Quarterly 41, no. 4 (2017): 643–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491491704100402.

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Using qualitative data from free form interviews this article examines the role of win-win agreements in negotiating state and local public-private infrastructure partnerships. Based on case study evidence the authors argue that the skills required to assemble coalitions for such partnerships may, in some cases, lead administrators to pay insufficient attention to the public values aspects of partnership negotiation. The concluding section offers suggestions to alleviate this problem. One recommendation focuses on giving legislatures a larger role in overseeing the public value aspect of PPPs.

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17

Lovrich, Nicholas P., and Meredith A. Newman. "The Hearing of Local Government Interests in State Legislatures: The Effects of Prior Service in City or County Government." State and Local Government Review 36, no. 1 (2004): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x0403600105.

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18

Renault, Catherine S., Jeff Cope, Molly Dix, and Karen Hersey. "A New Technology Transfer Paradigm: How State Universities Can Collaborate with Industry in the USA." Industry and Higher Education 22, no. 2 (2008): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008784139488.

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In some US states, policy makers, pressed by local and regional industrial interests, are debating how to ‘reform’ technology transfer at public universities. ‘Reform’ in this context is generally understood to mean redirecting university technology transfer activities to increase the benefits of state-funded research to local industries. Progress towards this goal is often constrained by federally mandated laws applicable to technology transfer at universities (such as the Bayh–Dole Act) and by university policies that have been placed by state legislatures outside the purview of policy makin

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19

Linus, Gadzama Christopher, and ThankGod Okeokwo. "FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL AUTONOMY: ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE FEDERATION VERSUS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ABIA STATE & 35 ORS (2024)." European Journal of Contemporary Business Law & Technology: Cyber Law, Blockchain, and Legal Innovations 1, no. 8 (2024): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.61796/ejcblt.v1i8.974.

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The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) serves as the foundational legal framework for governance in Nigeria, delineating the structure and functions of government at various tiers. General Background: Recent Supreme Court rulings concerning local government autonomy have intensified debates about the nature of Nigeria’s federal structure, particularly regarding whether it constitutes a two-tier or three-tier system. Specific Background: This article critically examines the constitutional provisions that govern local government administration and the legislative a

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20

Dworkin, Terry, and Cindy Schipani. "The Times They Are A-Changin’?: #MeToo and Our Movement Forward." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 55.2 (2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.55.2.times.

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Social movements like #MeToo have gained public traction like never before. In this Article, we place those developments within their historical context and chart a path forward. First, we provide a history of the prior unsuccessful attempts to ratify an Equal Rights Amendment, and we discuss that effort’s current legal status and prospects. Then, we briefly review the history of sexual harassment law. Having outlined this historical context, we move to contemporary developments. We describe actions that state legislatures and local municipalities have taken to address the concerns raised by t

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21

Yuille, Andy, David Tyfield, and Rebecca Willis. "Implementing Rapid Climate Action: Learning from the ‘Practical Wisdom’ of Local Decision-Makers." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105687.

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A global goal to limit dangerous climate change has been agreed through the 2015 Paris Accords. The scientific case for action has been accepted by nearly all governments, at national and local or state level. Yet in all legislatures, there is a gap between the stated climate ambitions and the implementation of the measures necessary to achieve them. This paper examines this gap by analysing the experience of the following three UK cities: Belfast, Edinburgh, and Leeds. Researchers worked with city officials and elected representatives, using interviews and deliberative workshops to develop th

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22

EDDY, MATTHEW DANIEL. "The politics of cognition: liberalism and the evolutionary origins of Victorian education." British Journal for the History of Science 50, no. 4 (2017): 677–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087417000863.

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AbstractIn recent years the historical relationship between scientific experts and the state has received increasing scrutiny. Such experts played important roles in the creation and regulation of environmental organizations and functioned as agents dispatched by politicians or bureaucrats to assess health-related problems and concerns raised by the public or the judiciary. But when it came to making public policy, scientists played another role that has received less attention. In addition to acting as advisers and assessors, some scientists were democratically elected members of local and na

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23

Zakiah, Sitti. "POSISI PEREMPUAN DALAM GERAKAN POLITIK (Tinjauan HAM dan PERDA Syari’ah)." Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan 10, no. 2 (2017): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaiyah.v10i2.502.

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This article describes briefly about the political movements of Islamic civil society organizations as well as influencing the position of women in their political movements. Since Indonesia has not been independent, the emergence of community organizations (mass organizations) Islam gives the color of socio-political life, including law. It is not surprising that a number of regional heads include Islamic law in local regulations. With full support, religious figures, MUI, Islamic mass organizations and legislatures of a number of sharia laws are passed. Euforia PERDA syariah gained the right

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24

Zakiah, Sitti. "POSISI PEREMPUAN DALAM GERAKAN POLITIK (Tinjauan HAM dan PERDA Syari’ah)." Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan 10, no. 2 (2017): 162–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v10i2.502.

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This article describes briefly about the political movements of Islamic civil society organizations as well as influencing the position of women in their political movements. Since Indonesia has not been independent, the emergence of community organizations (mass organizations) Islam gives the color of socio-political life, including law. It is not surprising that a number of regional heads include Islamic law in local regulations. With full support, religious figures, MUI, Islamic mass organizations and legislatures of a number of sharia laws are passed. Euforia PERDA syariah gained the right

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25

Kim, Jiseul. "Don’t Pass Deferred Maintenance Costs to the Next Generation! The Effects of Politics on State Highway Maintenance Spending." Public Works Management & Policy 27, no. 2 (2021): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x211047247.

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Routine maintenance spending for public infrastructure is critical for reducing life-cycle costs, and improving asset preservation and quality. Yet, states focus more on building new roads and expansion than maintaining existing assets’ conditions. Deferred maintenance costs are transferred to the future taxpayers, and they will eventually pay the expensive price. So far, there is little academic endeavor to examine the determinants of state and local routine maintenance spending. This study uses a panel data analysis covering 47 states from 1995 to 2009 to examine the effects of politics on s

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26

Hennessey, Jessica. "Loss of control: legislature changes and the state–local relationship." Constitutional Political Economy 25, no. 4 (2014): 407–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10602-014-9174-y.

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27

Gamage, David, Darien Shanske, Gladriel Shobe, and Adam Thimmesch. "Weathering State and Local Budget Storms: Fiscal Federalism with an Uncooperative Congress." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 55.2 (2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.55.2.weathering.

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Throughout most of 2020, state and local governments faced severe budget crises as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased demand for state welfare services and rising state expenses related to controlling the spread of COVID-19 stretched state and local budgets to their breaking points. At the same time, layoffs, business closures, and social distancing measures reduced states’ primary sources of tax revenues. The traditional practice of American fiscal federalism is for the federal government to step in to provide aid during a national emergency of this magnitude, because state and loca

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28

Blagov, Yury. "COMPETENCE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS: DEBATABLE ISSUES." Law Enforcement Review 1, no. 4 (2018): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(4).117-128.

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Subject. The article is devoted to the discussion issues of competence of local self-government.The purpose of this paper is to show that the federal government passes such laws in order to build a single “power vertical” from a rural settlement to a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and above, since from his point of view it is easier to carry out public administration.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope of application. The competence of local self-government bodi

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29

Gouws, Amanda. "Changing Women's Exclusion from Politics: Examples from Southern Africa." African and Asian Studies 7, no. 4 (2008): 537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x359650.

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Abstract This article analyses different dimensions of institutional politics, such as women's representation in government and state structures such as National Gender Machineries, as well as the impact that institutionalization has had on women's organizations. To improve women's representation in government the acceptance of quotas to increase the number of women in legislatures has made a difference, but it is still unclear if women's presence leads to power and policy influence. National gender machineries have not really changed conditions of inequality due to their cooptation by the sta

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Sanders, Amy Kristin, Daxton "Chip" Stewart, and Steven Molchanov. "Is It Just Dumb Luck? The Challenge of Getting Access to Public Records Related to Smart City Technology." Journal of Civic Information 6, no. 3 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/joci.6.3.137244.

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Many state and local governments have begun to rely heavily on Smart City technologies, including license plate readers, gun-shot detection equipment, wastewater monitoring tools, and more. But the public often has little oversight with regard to their purchase, installation, and use. We analyze public records laws and relevant case law to examine whether the laws provide access to records about, and produced by, Smart City technologies. Even in states that broadly define “public record,” officials regularly rely on exemptions—often citing law enforcement or privacy concerns—to deny access. Fu

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Bhole, Dr.R.V. "Role of Association Democracy Reform, Special Reference to Lok sabha Elections 2019." Journal of Research & Development 16, no. 7 (2024): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11908390.

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Abstract:India accepted parliamentary democracy. In a parliamentary democracy, the people's representatives are directly elected by the people. The members have to have the ability to have a deliberative discussion on the question of the people in the House. The issue of constituency should be brought to the notice of the House. All national level parties, regional parties and local level parties participate in the general elections. All political parties field their candidates. In general elections, the moral path is followed by the immoral path. Violation  of code of conduct by a politi

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Pjesky, Rex J. "Convergence In State And Local Spending On Education: Are Lotteries Ear Marked For Education The Key?" Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 3 (2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i3.7665.

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Using Barro regression analysis, this paper finds evidence that per capita state spending on education converged from 1977 to 2006 across the U.S. states. Convergence was conditional on a states passage of a lottery for education during that time period. Despite evidence that the convergence of state education spending was conditional on the passage of an education lottery, the relative increase in education spending among many states that passed education lotteries was much greater than the revenue from the lotteries themselves. So, education lotteries seemed to be part of a larger bundle of

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33

Jaffe, Samantha. ""It's Not You, It's Your Caseload": Using Cronic to Solve Indigent Defense Underfunding." Michigan Law Review, no. 116.8 (2018): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.116.8.its.not.

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In the United States, defendants in both federal and state prosecutions have the constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel. That right is in jeopardy. In the postconviction setting, the standard for ineffective assistance of counsel is prohibitively high, and Congress has restricted federal habeas review. At trial, severe underfunding for state indigent defense systems has led to low pay, little support, and extreme caseloads—which combine to create conditions where lawyers simply cannot represent clients adequately. Overworked public defenders and contract attorneys represent 80

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Geiger-Oneto, Stephanie, Betsy D. Gelb, and Travis Simkins. "Stigmatized products: how conflicting laws can influence decisions to proceed." Journal of Business Strategy 42, no. 1 (2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2019-0191.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offers the authors’ perspective on a problem rarely considered by those making strategic decisions: conflicting laws at different levels of jurisdiction, specifically those related to stigmatized products. Design/methodology/approach The authors use as examples of product categories from marijuana to single-use plastic bags, describing the conflicting laws that add to costs for marketers and consumers. Findings The authors find that conflicting laws add to the uncertainty, legal expenses, and therefore, the cost of marketing a stigmatized product, whethe

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Numbers, Ronald L. "Darwinism, Creationism, and Intelligent Design." Paleontological Society Papers 5 (October 1999): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000541.

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The publication in 1859 of Charles Darwin's epoch-making book On the Origin of Species touched off a national debate that continues to divide American society. Scarcely a week passes without some evolution-related story appearing in the news: religious leaders declaring the scientific legitimacy of biological evolution, politicians expressing their belief in divine creation, local school boards wrangling over the teaching of origins, professors being ordered to refrain from questioning evolution in the classroom, state legislatures debating whether to fire teachers who present evolution as a f

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36

Lafontaine, Francine, and Fiona Scott Morton. "Markets: State Franchise Laws, Dealer Terminations, and the Auto Crisis." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 3 (2010): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.233.

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In fall 2008, General Motors and Chrysler were both on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford was not far behind. As the government stepped in and restructuring began, GM and Chrysler announced their plan to terminate about 2,200 dealerships. In this paper, we first provide an overview of franchising in car distribution, how it came about, and the legal framework within which it functions. States earn about 20 percent of all state sales taxes from auto dealers. As a result, new car dealerships, and especially local or state car dealership associations, have been able to exert influence over local l

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37

Hasnain, Zahid. "Devolution, Accountability, and Service Delivery in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 2 (2010): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i2pp.129-152.

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This paper examines into the relationship between devolution, accountability, and service delivery in Pakistan by examining the degree of accessibility of local policymakers and the level of competition in local elections, the expenditure patterns of local governments to gauge their sectoral priorities, and the extent to which local governments are focused on patronage, or providing targeted benefits to a few as opposed to providing public goods. The main findings of the paper are threefold. First, the accessibility of policy-makers to citizens in Pakistan is unequivocally greater after devolu

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38

McCrary, Peyton, and Steven F. Lawson. "Race and Reapportionment, 1962: The Case of Georgia Senate Redistricting." Journal of Policy History 12, no. 3 (2000): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2000.0018.

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Courts, both state and federal, often play a substantial role in the adoption and implementation of changes in public policy. Properly understood, the impact of court decisions must be examined in the context of actions and reactions by other branches of government, political parties, and interest groups. Among the most transformative court decisions over the last half century are those involving legislative reapportionment and minority voting rights. Beginning in the 1960s, the federal courts restructured the nation's political institutions through decisions striking down malapportioned legis

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39

Pawane, Ahmad Rizali, Mohammad Safrul Wijaya, and Ilham Ilham. "Local Political Power in The Legislation Process." Journal of Contemporary Local Politics 2, no. 2 (2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jclp.v2i2.462.

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The democratic system adopted by Indonesia gives a central role to political parties as the main instrument in realizing a democratic state life. This research aims to reveal the political forces that often occur in the legislative process of making regulations in Indonesia. Using a qualitative-descriptive interpretive method and a phenomenological approach, this research explores the political forces involved in legislative making by the executive and legislature. The results show that in regulation-making, there is a power gap between the executive and the legislature. The political power of

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40

ZEILHOFER, PETER, GILSON ALBERTO LIMA, ELIANA BEATRIZ RONDON LIMA, and IVAIRTON MONTEIRO SANTOS. "Development of a GIS-Based Information System for Watershed Monitoring in Mato Grosso, Central Brazil." Pesquisas em Geociências 35, no. 2 (2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.17934.

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This paper describes the conceptual framework and implementation of a prototype for a GIS-based Information System for Watershed Monitoring and Planning in the state of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The system was developed to support the implementation of water resources management policies passed by Brazilian federal and state legislatures in 1997.The first phase of the information system development was focused on database design, to create modules for the storage and pre-processing of diverse environmental data sets and for georeferenced registration and control of water users. The GIS envi

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41

Davis, JD, MA, PMP, Maggie, Lauren Dedon, JD, Stacey Hoffman, MPH, Andy Baker-White, JD, MPH, David Engleman, JD, and Gregory Sunshine, JD. "Emergency powers and the pandemic: Reflecting on state legislative reforms and the future of public health response." Journal of Emergency Management 21, no. 7 (2023): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0772.

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The first 2 years of combatting the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented use of emergency powers. States responded with an equally unprecedented flurry of legislative changes to the legal underpinnings of emergency response and public health authorities. In this article, we provide a brief background on the framework and use of governors and state health officials’ emergency powers. We then analyze several key themes, including both the enhancement and restriction of powers, emerging from emergency management and public health legislation introduced in state and territorial legislat

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42

Putra, Ridwan. "PROSPEK PEMBENTUKAN DAERAH ISTIMEWASUMATERA BARAT DALAM KORIDOR NEGARAKESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA." Soumatera Law Review 1, no. 2 (2018): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/soumlaw.v1i2.3529.

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The State recognizes and respects special or special regional government units regulated by law, then indigenous and tribal peoples and their traditional rights as long as they are alive and in accordance with the developments and principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal basis of this special area is regulated in Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution. The problems studied in this paper are: first, what is the rationale for the establishment of special region of West Sumatra. Second, what is the prospect of establishing a special region of West Sumatra based on the

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43

Gadzama, Christopher, and Thankgod Okeokwo. "Examining Environmental Sustainability and Conservation in Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State." International Journal of Comparative Studies in International Relations and Development 9, no. 1 (2023): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijcsird.v9.i1.08.

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Karu local government council is one of the Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State in the North Central Zone of Nigeria with lots of environmental sustainability and conservation issues ranging from erosion, flooding, tree felling, dumping of refuses on unauthorized sites, indiscriminate digging of roads and sewages for private uses. This paper focuses on appraising the Bye-Laws of Karu Local Government as it relates to environmental conservation and sustainability with a view to ascertaining whether such Bye-Laws, were they exist, are effective and efficient enough to meet the conservation

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44

Christopher, Gadzama. "EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE." International Journal of Comparative Studies in International Relations and Development 9, no. 1 (2023): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijcsird/ijcsird.v9.i1.08.

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Karu local government council is one of the Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State in the North Central Zone of Nigeria with lots of environmental sustainability and conservation issues ranging from erosion, flooding, tree felling, dumping of refuses on unauthorized sites, indiscriminate digging of roads and sewages for private uses. This paper focuses on appraising the Bye-Laws of Karu Local Government as it relates to environmental conservation and sustainability with a view to ascertaining whether such Bye-Laws, were they exist, are effective and efficient enough to meet the conservation

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45

Callen, Zachary. "Local Rail Innovations: Antebellum States and Policy Diffusion." Studies in American Political Development 25, no. 2 (2011): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x1100006x.

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Antebellum states were critical in supporting the emerging rail system of the nineteenth century, yet not all states engaged in active rail promotion efforts. In this analysis, I consider how local economic and political conditions, as well as the rail promotion activities of a state's contiguous neighbors, impacted a legislature's rail promotion decisions. The findings suggest that states only engaged in rail promotion when local infrastructure was of poor quality and a state's tax revenues were sufficient to support rail expenditures. These findings reveal that diffusion, powered by social l

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46

Navaneeth, M. S. "Reservations for Women in Kerala's Local Self-government Institutions: A Mere Tokenism?" International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 3, no. 4 (2020): 1989–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4033490.

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<em>Kerala is one of the many states in India which allow 50 per cent reservation for women in local self-governance through the Panchayati Raj act of 2005 and hence the representation of women in the same has risen to almost 54 per cent, as of 2015. However the same is not reflected in the upper levels of governance namely state legislature and parliamentary elections despite Kerala being praised as a forerunner of women empowerment in India. The current state legislature has a mere 8 female members out of 141, which was almost the same since the first assembly which had 7 women members. Not

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47

Hoa, Thai Thi Thanh, and Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor. "Citizen Participation in Vietnam’s Local Government: Impact on Transparency and Accountability." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 4 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i4.12044.

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Around the world, a growing crisis of legitimacy and complex problem solving characterize a sense of change in the state-citizen relationship. In Vietnam, the Doi Moi (renovation) process was carried out by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and the Government of Vietnam (GoV). Public institutions engaged at grassroots level by implementing a decree on “Regulation on Democracy Exercise” with the vision of a participatory society to improve the living standard of the Vietnamese people in general in order to enhance public service specifically. This article conceptualizes the concepts of Citiz

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48

Benhabib, Seyla. "On the Alleged Conflict between Democracy and International Law." Ethics & International Affairs 19, no. 1 (2005): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2005.tb00491.x.

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The period since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 has witnessed the rise of an international human rights regime. There has been a shift in international law from state-based treaty obligations to cosmopolitan norms whose subject is individuals and their rights and entitlements under international law. Along with the rise of cosmopolitan norms, conflicts between enactments by states, often through democratic legislatures, of laws and practices that may contradict these norms, has also intensified.The article focuses on one such set of cosmopolitan norms concerning the crossbor

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49

Chausovsky, Jonathan. "State Regulation of Corporations in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Critique of the New Jersey Thesis." Studies in American Political Development 21, no. 1 (2007): 30–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x07000168.

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The transformation from nineteenth-century proprietary capitalism to twentieth-century corporate capitalism involved fundamental changes in the rights of business corporations as market actors. At the end of the Civil War, corporations were controlled by individuals and families. At the turn of the twentieth century, corporations were in the midst of a merger movement that resulted in firms with concentrated capital, large numbers of shareholders, and control residing in management. New legal rights needed to be put in place to support this more advanced level of capitalist development. Most s

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50

Timar, Thomas B. "A Theoretical Framework for Local Responses to State Policy: Implementing Utah’s Career Ladder Program." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 11, no. 4 (1989): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737011004329.

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In 1983, the Utah State Legislature enacted a career ladder program for teachers as the centerpiece of the state’s school reform effort. This paper assesses local implementation responses to the career ladder program. Specifically, this paper addresses the question, Under what circumstances and conditions do schools implement the career ladder program in a manner that is consistent with state policy intent? Additionally, the author argues that local implementations of the program can be classified into four types of implementation response.

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