Дисертації: "Stressfulla situationer"

1

Andersson, Eirin, Dennis Alexandra Franzén, and Cim Johansson. "Ledarskap i ingripande- och utryckningsverksamhet : En kvalitativ studie om ledarskap i stressfulla situationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104913.

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Titel: Ledarskap i ingripande- och utryckningsverksamhet Syfte: Vårt syfte med studien är att genom en inventering av ledarskap inom polis och räddningstjänst få en ökad förståelse för ledarskap i stressfulla situationer. Det för att möjliggöra en överföring av de lärdomar som polis och räddningstjänst besitter kring hantering av stress och stressfulla situationer till övriga mer traditionella yrken. Metod: Vår studie präglas av en deduktiv forskningsansats och den forskningsmetod som använts är kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Vid vår datainsamling använde vi oss av en fallstudie. Det gjordes genom intervjuer med respondenter besittande önskade kompetenser inom forskningsområdet. Slutsats: Utifrån datainsamling har vi kommit fram till följande slutsatser: *Ledarskapet växlar mellan detaljstyrt ledarskap och målinriktat ledarskap beroende på situation. *Vid stressfulla situationer är det viktigt att ledaren inte kastar sig in och deltar i situationens hetta. *Stresshantering är en avgörande faktor för framgång i ledarskap. *Tidsfaktorn är avgörande i beslutsfattande. *Tillit och förtroende är avgörande.
Title: Leadership in intervention and emergency services Purpose: Our purpose with the study is to gain an increased understanding of leadership in stressful situations through an inventory of leadership in the police and emergency services. This is to enable the transfer of the knowledge that the police and emergency services possess about managing stress and stressful situations to other more traditional professions. Method: Our study is characterized by a deductive research approach and the research method that has been used is a qualitative research strategy. In our data collection we used a case study. This was completed by interviewing respondents with the desired competencies in the research area. Conclusion: Based on our data collection, we have reached the following conclusions: *Leadership alternates between detailed leadership and goal-oriented leadership depending on the situation. *In stressful situations, it is important that the leader does not dive into and participate in the heat of the situation. *Stress management is a crucial factor for success in leadership. *The time factor is crucial in decision making. *Trust and confidence are crucial.

2

Jones, Birago (Birago Korayga). "Reflective Interfaces : assisting teens with stressful situations online." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76519.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
This thesis presents the concept of Reflective Interfaces, a novel approach to user experience design that promotes positive behavioral norms. Traditional interface design methodologies such as User Centered Design are oriented towards efficient satisfaction of short-term interface goals, but may not serve the best interests of the user in the long term. Reflective Interfaces encourage the user to think about the space of possible choices they can make, reasons for making those choices, and consequences of their interactions for themselves and others. The problem of Cyberbullying is a serious problem, threatening the viability of social networks for youth today, as spam once threatened email in the early days of the Internet. We explore the design of several Reflective Interfaces for helping teens in distress over social network interactions. First, we implemented a fictitious, but fully functional social network, Fakebook, that provides just-in-time and just-in-place help when potentially bullying interactions are detected. Laboratory tests of the Fakebook interface showed encouraging results. Second, we collaborated with MTV on their site, A Thin Line, which finds stories analogous to a users' particular situation and helps reduce feelings of isolation. We are also working on TimeOut, a dashboard for social network providers that alerts them to situations where outbreaks of bullying might escalate in a community. By putting users in a reflective state, Reflective Interfaces can help them self-correct toward an implicit goal of the community, the interface, the application, or reaffirm the user's own stated goals. These principles can be applied across a wide variety of interfaces for social interaction and other domains.
by Birago Jones.
S.M.

3

Davidson, Lisa A. "Social hopelessness and psychological adjustment in stressful life situations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22905.pdf.

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4

Juhl, Jacob. "Finding Meaning in Misery: Can Stressful Situations Provide Meaning in Life?" Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27033.

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Theory and research investigating the relationship between affective experiences and meaning in life have focused on how positive affect contributes to perceptions of meaning in life. No work has considered how people can attain meaning in life while experiencing negative affect. The present work tested whether affectively negative circumstances can provide meaning in life. Specifically, two studies, using distinct methodologies, tested whether people can attain meaning in life while experiencing the stress associated with goal-pursuit. In Study 1, the salience of stressful college-related goal-pursuit was experimentally heightened and then perceptions of goal-engagement, meaning in life, and positive and negative affect were measured. In Study 2, trait levels of meaning in life and positive and negative affect were assessed. Later in the semester, stress associated with college-related goal-pursuit, perceptions of goal-engagement, meaning in life, and positive and negative affect were measured. In Study 1, the salience of stressful goal-pursuit did not affect these outcomes. In Study 2, when controlling for trait levels of meaning in life and positive and negative affect, regression and mediation analyses showed that college stress predicted increased negative affect; and that college stress predicted increased perceptions of goal engagement, which in turn predicted increased meaning in life and subsequently positive affect.

5

Smith, Daniel R. "Implicit personality and leadership in stressful and dangerous situations: a first step." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43693.

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Leadership in stressful and dangerous situations is vitally important in terms of lives, property, and national strategic objectives. But our understanding of effective leadership in these and other contexts is limited. Part of the problem is that interactionist theoretical perspectives are not reflected in contemporary leadership thinking. In addition, the impact of individual differences on leadership is often misrepresented or hidden by linear correlations and regressions conducted on continuous scores. This study employed new, innovative, indirect conditional reasoning measures to assess the personalities of 627 leaders entering the militaryâ s most challenging and stressful combat leader development course (the US Army Ranger School). These innovative measures predicted compelling differences in leadership, attrition, and in the peer evaluations made during the training. Analyses conducted on the continuous personality scores demonstrate that these findings are misrepresented or hidden by linear correlations and regressions. As an alternative, I present a configural scoring scheme, couched in a poker analogy, to explain how these individual differences combine to predict the odds of success for each of the 18 personality types studied.

6

Nagley, Amy D. "Approaching Stressful Situations with Purpose| Strategies for Emotional Regulation in Sensitive People." Thesis, Seattle Pacific University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259545.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate strategies for emotional self-regulation (EMSR) in highly sensitive people (HSPs) under pressure. Specifically, a model of EMSR was evaluated through a moderated-mediation design with two manipulations across two experiments. A total of 445 individuals participated in the current study (52% female), all of which were US citizens. Results suggested that the relationship between sense of purpose (SoP) and EMSR was moderated by focus on potential (FoP). Specifically, SoP significantly impacted FoP, b = .89, t = 5.23, p < .01, FoP significantly impacted EMSR, b = 1.11, t = 5.88, p < .01, and the Sobel test suggested a significant indirect effect, z = 3.91, p < .01.

The hypothesis that sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS) moderates the relationship between FoP and EMSR was not supported, b = .29, t = 1.50, p = .13, 95% CI [-.09, .66]. Supplemental analyses were conducted to evaluate the extent to which SPS moderated the relationship between SoP and FoP. Aguinis’s (2009) ALTMMR program was used to evaluate homoscedasticity for the relationship between SPS and FoP within both conditions of SoP. DeShon and Alexander’s (1996) rule of thumb for homoscedasticity was not met, M = 6.24, p < .01. To correct for the violation, James’s test was used to evaluate the simple slopes of the moderation. Results indicated that differential slopes were present, U = 5.57, p < .05. Alexander’s test also indicated differential slopes, A = 5.47, p = .02. These results suggest that SPS moderated the relationship between SoP and FoP.

Because several of the measures used were contextualized for the current study (i.e., SoP, FoP, and EMSR), exploratory factor analyses were conducted to establish discriminate validity. Results indicated that each scale was distinct from the others, and was comprised of the items intended to measure it’s respective construct.

Beyond hypothesis testing, an important finding from the current study was the power of priming through vignettes. Manipulation check results indicated that the morally constructed primes were successful at impacting participants FoP and EMSR.

7

Barrath, Debra A. "Refugee mothers' perceptions of stressful situations related to the war in the former Yugoslavia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ57213.pdf.

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8

Skurski, Douglas. "MONITORING A POTENTIALLY STRESSFUL SITUATION IN CAPTIVE WESTERN LOWLAND GORILLAS (GORILLA GORILLA GORILLA) THROUGH ANALYSIS OF B." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3898.

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The concept of quantifying animal welfare has received much discussion, in various industries such as agriculture, laboratory, and zoological facilities. Behavioral, physical, and physiological indicators of welfare have previously been used to assess animal welfare; each having advantages and disadvantages, ranging from the practicality of data collection, to the validity of the data and how it is interpreted. Concurrent assessment of multiple measures is a more robust way to examine animal welfare, which utilizes the advantages of each measure, and provides additional information on which to base conclusions and animal care management decisions. This study used measures of behavior and urinary cortisol to examine the potential stress response of a captive gorilla group to short-term space restriction associated with temporary confinement to indoor housing facilities. The study duration was three months; one month of baseline data collection, one month of indoor restriction, and one month of monitoring post-restriction. All-occurrences of selected behaviors were collected, with an emphasis on social and stress-related behaviors, and urine samples were collected daily from a sub-set of the group. A urinary cortisol metabolite enzyme immunoassay was validated and used to monitor adrenal activity in gorillas. Measured cortisol increases in response to a known stressor (medical illness) provided a physical validation of the cortisol EIA and established biological relevance of the assay system. No significant differences in social behaviors (aggression, affiliation) or stereotypic behaviors were observed. Significant (p<0.05) increases in cortisol concentration were measured, suggesting that the gorillas were responding to a stressor during the study period. The observed cortisol increase was not likely to have been caused exclusively by the temporary indoor confinement. Potential additional causes of increased adrenal activity during the study included: presence of the observer and novelty of re-landscaped outdoor enclosure. While the increases in cortisol concentration demonstrate an observed stress response, the magnitude of this stressor, and thus the degree of the stress response, was minor. The stress experienced was not significant enough to alter the normal biological function of the gorillas, and thus, can be considered negligible. The gorillas' ability to effectively deal with this expected stressor may have been enhanced by the additional enrichment provided to the gorillas during their indoor confinement. Gorillas were provided with additional browse, more enrichment items, additional training sessions, and increased keeper interaction while they remained indoors. These animal care and management techniques may have buffered the predicted negative impact on animal welfare due to increases in stress by providing stimulating novelty in the gorillas' indoor environment.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Arts and Sciences
Biology

9

Inbar, Reuven. "Relationship between participation in a service enrichment and fitness programme and physical performance of state security personnel in stressful situations." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268422.

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10

Alvinius, Aida. "Bridging Boundaries in the Borderland of Bureaucracies : Individual Impact on Organisational Adaption to Demanding Situations in Civil and Military Contexts." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26445.

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The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions. The main part of this thesis is based upon empirical data gathered through 71 interviews with Swedish civil and military informants from several uniformed organisations. Four articles have been included in this thesis in order to address the overarching aim. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. A number of aspects that are included in the process of organisational adaption have been identified. One of the tasks is to balance between structuring and improvisation where much is at stake. The other task is to create confidence among the involved actors and contribute in different ways to create a sense of symmetry between partners. Finally, the third task for boundary spanners is to recognise improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation. The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge.
BAKSIDESTEXT: Organisational adaption to the environment is a complex area of research, necessitating enquiry into how such adaption may take place. The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of how boundary spanners are bridging boundaries between uniformed bureaucratic organisations and their environment, characterised by demanding conditions such as disasters and war. The main body of the thesis is based upon interviews with Swedish civil and military informants. The results show that boundary spanners are crucial to the adaption of uniformed organisations to demanding conditions. Their tasks involve balancing between structuring and improvisation, creating confidence among the involved actors and recognising improvised roles such as spontaneous links in order to maintain stressful conditions and bridge a gap in the bureaucratic organisation. Taken together, the findings increase awareness of how organisations act towards their environments and how individuals, especially boundary spanners, adapt the organisation to its environment. For leaders and managers, it is important to make decisions, provide mandates and authorisation, as well as invest confidence in boundary spanners. The hierarchical chain may remain in existence, but it can be made shorter and more transparent through this kind of knowledge. The present thesis contributes to sociological theory of emotions, disaster management and military studies through a common denominator, namely the demanding context.

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Dudeck, Marcie Rochelle. "Young adults' attachment and recall of stressful interpersonal situations." Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2220/1/MQ83818.pdf.

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The current study investigated how activation of young adults' attachment schemas influence their social information processing, cognitive attributions, and feelings relating to stressful interpersonal situations with their mothers, fathers, best-friends, and romantic partners. Participants (N = 132, mean age = 24) completed a measure of anxious and avoidant attachment (Brennan et al., 1998), made attributions about self and others in response to stressful interpersonal vignettes, and then were given a recall task. Hypotheses were guided by two models: (1) Schema-Consistent Processing (i.e., attachment style should facilitate recall by assimilating belief-congruent information); and (2) Processing Limits (i.e., attachment-related memories should interfere with information processing resources upon activation of similar memories). Consistent with the Schema-Consistent Processing model, those who had higher attachment anxiety recalled themselves more negatively. Three other findings were not consistent with either processing model: (a) females who were lower on attachment avoidance recalled more feelings; (b) participants who were more avoidant tended to recall a greater number and more emotionally intense thoughts about self; and (c) the higher the level of attachment anxiety, the less likely one was to recall a combination of positive and negative thoughts about others. The overall pattern of results suggests the need for several processes to explain how internal working models of attachment influence interpretation of negative interpersonal situations.

12

TU, I.-CHUAN, and 杜宜娟. "The Effects of Stressful Situation on Task Performance: Creativity as a Moderator." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43612319398999340367.

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碩士
國防大學政治作戰學院
心理碩士班
103
The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of stressful situation on task performance and creativity as a moderator. In Study 1 (N = 60), the participants were asked to complete "Williams Creativity Disposition Scale", "Chinese Long-distance Association Scale ", "New Creative Thinking Test," "Epiphany Issues Test "etc., to measure the scores of creativity as Moderator variable, and then were to complete mirror tracing task in order to manipulate stressful situation. The number of errors and the time of completing mirror tracing task were recorded as Dependent variable . We also used general stress vocabulary assessment questionnaire scores for the degree of feeling the stress. The results indicated that Fluency and Imagination were positively significant effect task performance in stressful situation; when participants had low fluency or low imagination, the degree of feeling the stress was higher, the more mirror tracing task errors they made. When participants had high flexibility or high originality, the degree of feeling the stress was higher, the more mirror tracing task errors they made. In Study 2 (N = 60), imagination task were used as the stressful situation, and participants’ Galvanic skin resistance were recorded for Dependent variable. General stress vocabulary assessment questionnaire scores were also used for the degree of feeling the stress. The results indicated that the degree of feeling the stress was higher, the GSR was also being higher, and Flexibility, Fluency and Imagination were negatively significant effect GSR in stressful situation; when participants had high flexibility, high fluency or high imagination, the degree of feeling stress was higher, the GSR was higher.

13

Laughrin, Donna M. "An examination of Asian international students' perceptions of stressful situations and helpful responses /." Diss., 1998. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9916058.

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14

Hollmann, Nancy C. "An exploratory multidimensional scaling study of stressful situations and student's perceptions of family responses to them /." Diss., 1996. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9717023.

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15

Robinson, Kelley J. "Dating partners' self-esteem levels and perceptions of conveyed social support needs in a stressful situation." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21253.

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16

Okrouhlická, Kateřina. "Reaktivita a tolerance k frustraci z pohledu psychologie u odsouzených pachatelů trestné činnosti." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350179.

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The thesis deals with reactivity in response to a frustrating situation for convicted offenders. The main issue in the theoretical element is reactivity; or rather the behaviour and manifestation of reactions in the moment when an individual gets into stressful situations, is impeded or blocked in achieving their target. The definition of frustration is an equally important area, which, in the thesis is initially described from the perspective of classic theorists, and then the various ways how we examine and diagnose frustration. The last and equally important chapter consists of the offender's personality, which is defined in the context of the aforementioned frustration and reactivity. The aim of the empirical component is to obtain quantitative data on the most frequent reactions among criminal offenders in the moment before they face the obstacle that is blocking their achievement of goals or satisfaction. The research sample was composed of 69 convicted criminal offenders from remand prisons Pankrác, Hradec Kralové and prison Plzeň. The Picture Rosenzweig frustration method was used to examine the reactivity as a result of frustration. Four hypothesis was determined and only one hypothesis was confirmed. Extragression, outside oriented response, is the most frequently response in comparison...

17

MAJDIČOVÁ, Petra. "Vztah mezi sebepojetím a mírou prožívaného stresu u studentů vysokých škol." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85651.

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The thesis deals with the issue of self-concept and stress. Determination of theoretical links focuses on defining of basic concepts connected with this issue. University studies are considered a demanding and stressful situation that can cause a wide range of problems in some students. There are considerable interindividual differences in stress perception - the personality can either create various defense mechanisms against critical situations or can cope with them by means of constructive perception and actions. The objective of the empirical part was to find out what is the relationship between self-concept of students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice and perception and living stressful situations connected with their university study. Information necessary for quantitative research was obtained by the method of questioning. The technique applied was a questionnaire, filled in by students of both daily and combined studies. The research showed that there exists a moderate dependence between these two variables, which means that low values of self-concept and self-esteem correspond with high values of stress perception. It was also revealed that stress perception is associated mostly with an examination or a public speech of a student. This fact indicates that a situation that is directly. Thus it would be appropriate for students to know different techniques of preventing and coping with stress and they could try to reduce the tension or to eliminate stress through these techniques. Adequate self-image or self-concept is an important condition for psychical balance and satisfaction with own life and thus I believe that professional psychological care within psychological counseling at universities can contribute to solving the problem.

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DUŠKOVÁ, Helena. "Etika a kultura v interakci s obtížnými klienty." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-175291.

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In my thesis, I focused on the ethical and cultural dimension of social work, application of ethical principles and choice of attitude by a helping professional when working with a client. Subsequently, I followed changes in application of these ethical principles and changes of attitude in high-strain situations in the contact with a so-called difficult client. Further, I focused on the defence mechanisms which a helping professional chooses to cope with high-strain situations and manage his job well. In the individual chapters of the theoretical parte, by the analysis of scientific literature I described theoretical bases of the professional relationship between a social/health social worker and a klient and I focused on the realization of this relationship and on what it brings the worker in high-strain situations when working with the so-called difficult client. In the empirical part, I set one main goal to find out how social workers react on the ethical level in high-strain situations while interacting with difficult clients. Partial goals were designed to find out what ethical principles social workers apply, what attitudes they choose, which clients they consider difficult and what defence mechanisms they develop to cope with high-strain situations. To reflect these goals, I set one main research question and four partial ones. For the collection of data, I opted for the method of quantitative research and I used the questioning method in the form of a half-structured interview. I chose the set of respondents for my research by the method of simple random sampling. To process the research data, I chose the method of case study. Processing the interviews and analysing them, I found out that social workers in high-strain situations do not change their application of ethical principles. Further, I found out that the choice of attitude in high-strain situations changes and that social workers choose, instead of a partner attitude based on equality, a more or less directive stance. All of the respondents met a difficult client at work and dealing with high-strain situations causes them certain indisposition they have to cope with. The answer to the main research question is thus that on ethical level social workers react in high-strain situation by a shift in the choice of their attitude and solving ethical dilemmas. It was a hostile client that the social workers listed most frequently in the typology of clients. It became evident during the interviews what kind of defence mechanisms social workers choose to be able to cope with high-strain situations. The thesis may provide information to the general public and experts.

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Jirkovcová, Tereza. "Sociální práce, životní zkušenost." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435443.

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The topic of my diploma thesis is - a social worker, life experience. In the text of the thesis I focused mainly on a social worker, on the social worker who does this work for the Child Social and Legal Protection Authority. In my diploma thesis, I elaborated five chapters on the basis of academic literature. The sixth chapter of my work deals with methodological research. In the first chapter I dealt with the history of social work. This chapter is included in my work due to the experience acquired from my practice. What social work looks like today is thanks to the history and the lessons taken from it. It is the basis for the further development of new experience for new social workers. In the second chapter, I focused on the aspects that are needed in order to become a social worker. What should be the prerequisites to be able to do this work, and what ethical rules should the worker follow. In the third chapter, I focus on a particular OSPOD worker, and on his most common job content. There I describe the job, which is the most demanding for the worker. The first contact with the child, social investigation and individual planning. The fourth and fifth chapters follow each other. In the fourth chapter I describe what complications can arise while carrying out the job as a social worker. In...

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Kubištová, Natálie. "Drogově závislé matky v Terapeutické komunitě Karlov a význam pocitu viny ve výchově dětí." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404037.

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Background: Women with substance abuse problems have distinctive features and face many difficulties arising from their gender specificities. Among them, motherhood is significantly represented, which, combined with the abuse of addictive substances, fundamentally changes its profile, from experience, to the way these women relate to their children. These ways are burdened with many experiences, processes and emotions, which subsequently block the establishment of appropriate education. Aim: The aim of the thesis was to find out whether women with addiction problems feel guilty and shy in relation to their children, or map out where these feelings come from and what forms them. Another key objective was to reveal whether these feelings could create barriers in relation to the child, and especially in education. The last goal of the thesis was to evaluate whether, in addition to these determinants, other variables occur, or which ones are entering into the process of remediation. Methodology: Data collection took place in spring 2019 in the Therapeutic Community Karlov. A semi-structured interview was conducted with clients and specific observed situations of maternal interactions with the child were described. Research sample: The sample was created by 5 clients of the Therapeutic Community...

Дисертації з теми "Stressfulla situationer"

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