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Статті в журналах з теми "Terrain types"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2025

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1

Frade, Miguel, F. Fernandez de Vega, and Carlos Cotta. "Breeding Terrains with Genetic Terrain Programming: The Evolution of Terrain Generators." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2009 (2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/125714.

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Although a number of terrain generation techniques have been proposed during the last few years, all of them have some key constraints. Modelling techniques depend highly upon designer's skills, time, and effort to obtain acceptable results, and cannot be used to automatically generate terrains. The simpler methods allow only a narrow variety of terrain types and offer little control on the outcome terrain. The Genetic Terrain Programming technique, based on evolutionary design with Genetic Programming, allows designers to evolve terrains according to their aesthetic feelings or desired featur

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2

Weller, G., and G. Wendler. "Energy Budgets Over Various Types of Terrain in Polar Regions." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008818.

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This paper summarizes typical energy-balance data for a variety of polar terrain types, to aid in a better understanding of climate and climate change. Terrain types examined include closed boreal forests, open woodlands, tundra, the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean, glaciers and large ice sheets. For each of these terrains energy-balance-related parameters, including albedo, surface roughness, and thermal diffusivity of the subsurface and their seasonal variations are considered. Components of the surface energy balance, and particularly the net radiation or radiation balance, are presented on a

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3

Weller, G., and G. Wendler. "Energy Budgets Over Various Types of Terrain in Polar Regions." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008818.

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This paper summarizes typical energy-balance data for a variety of polar terrain types, to aid in a better understanding of climate and climate change. Terrain types examined include closed boreal forests, open woodlands, tundra, the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean, glaciers and large ice sheets. For each of these terrains energy-balance-related parameters, including albedo, surface roughness, and thermal diffusivity of the subsurface and their seasonal variations are considered. Components of the surface energy balance, and particularly the net radiation or radiation balance, are presented on a

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4

Huskić, Goran, Sebastian Buck, Matthieu Herrb, Simon Lacroix, and Andreas Zell. "High-speed path following control of skid-steered vehicles." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 9 (2019): 1124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919859634.

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We present a robust control scheme for skid-steered vehicles that enables high-speed path following on challenging terrains. First, a kinematic model with experimentally identified parameters is constructed to describe the terrain-dependent motion of skid-steered vehicles. Using Lyapunov theory, a nonlinear control law is defined, guaranteeing the convergence of the vehicle to the path. To allow smooth and accurate motion at higher speeds, an additional linear velocity control scheme is proposed, which takes actuator saturation, path following error, and reachable curvatures into account. The

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5

Lv, Fengtian, Nan Li, Haibo Gao, et al. "Vibration-Based Recognition of Wheel–Terrain Interaction for Terramechanics Model Selection and Terrain Parameter Identification for Lugged-Wheel Planetary Rovers." Sensors 23, no. 24 (2023): 9752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23249752.

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Identifying terrain parameters is important for high-fidelity simulation and high-performance control of planetary rovers. The wheel–terrain interaction classes (WTICs) are usually different for rovers traversing various types of terrain. Every terramechanics model corresponds to its wheel–terrain interaction class (WTIC). Therefore, for terrain parameter identification of the terramechanics model when rovers traverse various terrains, terramechanics model switching corresponding to the WTIC needs to be solved. This paper proposes a speed-independent vibration-based method for WTIC recognition

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6

Koroteev, Viktor A., Viktor M. Necheukhin, Artur A. Krasnobaev, and Elena N. Volchek. "Terrains of the main geodynamical types in the structures of Ural-Timan areal and the Eurasia North-Eastern segment." LITOSFERA, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2018-18-6-779-796.

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Subject of study. Different points of view on the concept of structures of the terrain type and their role in the addition of orogenic belts are considered. Materials and methods. We used our own research and analysis of the latest publications about the Ural-Timan region and the Pacific belt, on the territory of the Northeast segment of Eurasia, as well as currently known isotope radiometric data. It was used also the result of geophysical seismotectonic and paleomagnetic explorations. Results. It has been established that in the composition of the Ural-Timan structural area, along with the P

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7

M, Muthuraja, Aathithyan KK, Monish V, and HEMAVATHI R. "Terrain Recognition Using Deep Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36247.

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This paper presents the method for a vision-based terrain recognition system that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN). The dataset includes images of various terrains under different conditions. The pretrained CNN is used for extracting features from pre-processed images, which are then used to classify the terrain types. The SoftMax layer of the architecture provides the result of terrain recognition. In the present work, experiments are performed with two pre-trained models. The system provides 80% accuracy using Tensorflow and ensemble learning Keywords— CNN; ; Tensorflow; terrain rec

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8

Huang, Guosheng, Mingli Wu, Zhen Qiao, et al. "Characteristics and Simulation of Icing Thickness of Overhead Transmission Lines across Various Micro-Terrains." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17164024.

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The hazard of ice accretion on overhead power circuits is significant, yet predicting it is very difficult. The key reason lies in the shortage of sufficient observational data on ice thickness, and previous studies have also rarely taken into account micro-terrain and micro-meteorological conditions. In response to the challenge of simulating overhead line icing, this study introduces a new icing simulation technique that fully considers the effects of micro-terrain and micro-meteorology. For this technique, typical micro-terrains of overhead line areas are first identified by using high-reso

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9

Reffay, Annie. "Types de karsts en terrain volcanique : revue bibliographique / Types of karst in volcanic terrains: a review." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 7, no. 2 (2001): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.2001.1095.

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10

Wang, Yin, Ming Xu, Lingling Wang, et al. "Numerical Investigation of the Stress on a Cylinder Exerted by a Stratified Current Flowing on Uneven Ground." Water 15, no. 8 (2023): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081598.

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In this study, a three-dimensional internal wave (IW)—cylinder—terrain coupled numerical model is established. Based on the large-eddy simulation (LES) method, the IW mechanical characteristics of the cylinder and the flow field evolution around the cylinder over different types of terrains are explored. The similarities and differences in the mechanical characteristics of the cylinders in the environments with and without terrains are compared. The research results show that, when the IWs propagate over terrain, the waveform structures are prone to continuous changes. The intense reverse alte

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11

Zhu, Yaguang, Chaoyu Jia, Chao Ma, and Qiong Liu. "SURF-BRISK–Based Image Infilling Method for Terrain Classification of a Legged Robot." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091779.

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In this study, we propose adaptive locomotion for an autonomous multilegged walking robot, an image infilling method for terrain classification based on a combination of speeded up robust features, and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (SURF-BRISK). The terrain classifier is based on the bag-of-words (BoW) model and SURF-BRISK, both of which are fast and accurate. The image infilling method is used for identifying terrain with obstacles and mixed terrain; their features are magnified to help with recognition of different complex terrains. Local image infilling is used to improve low a

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12

Murchie, Scott L., James W. Head, Paul Helfenstein, and Jeffrey B. Plescia. "Terrain types and local-scale stratigraphy of grooved terrain on Ganymede." Journal of Geophysical Research 91, B13 (1986): E222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib13p0e222.

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13

Žák, Marek, Jaroslav Rozman, and František V. Zbořil. "Design and Control of 7-DOF Omni-directional Hexapod Robot." Open Computer Science 11, no. 1 (2020): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0189.

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AbstractLegged robots have great potential to travel across various types of terrain. Their many degrees of freedom enable them to navigate through difficult terrains, narrow spaces or various obstacles and they can move even after losing a leg. However, legged robots mostly move quite slowly. This paper deals with the design and construction of an omni-directional seven degrees of freedom hexapod (i.e., six-legged) robot, which is equipped with omnidirectional wheels (two degrees of freedom are used, one for turning the wheel and one for the wheel itself) usable on flat terrain to increase tr

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14

Price, Jonathan S., and John E. Fitzgibbon. "Groundwater storage – streamflow relations during winter in a subarctic wetland, Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 10 (1987): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-196.

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Wetland drainage systems are shown to be hydrologically active during winter. Water storage in various terrain types changed over the winter as a result of intrabasin transfers between terrain types, primarily from outlying mineral terrains to centrally located groundwater controlled wetlands, and due to winter streamflow. Mineral terrain and bog lost 97 and 25 mm of water, respectively, whereas fens gained 28–51 mm. A water balance indicated that mineral terrain yielded almost twice as much water as was released as streamflow, and that much of this excess was being stored in the fens where gr

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15

Chen, Liuhongxu, Ping Du, Pengfei Zhan, and Bo Xie. "Gait Learning for Hexapod Robot Facing Rough Terrain Based on Dueling-DQN Algorithm." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijcsit.v2n1.44.

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In the handling of dangerous goods in explosive environments, robots are increasingly being used instead of human operators. Robots designed for operation in explosive environments are mostly equipped with tracked structures, which, due to their limited terrain adaptability, struggle to movement rugged landscapes. Hexapod robots, with their excellent maneuverability and adaptability, possess advantages in completing hazardous material handling tasks in such rugged terrains. One current challenge lies in enabling hexapod robots to autonomously adjust their gaits to cope with rugged terrain. Thi

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16

Hashmi, Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Hasnain, Qaiser Riaz, Mehdi Hussain, and Muhammad Shahzad. "What Lies Beneath One’s Feet? Terrain Classification Using Inertial Data of Human Walk." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153099.

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The objective of this study was to investigate if the inertial data collected from normal human walk can be used to reveal the underlying terrain types. For this purpose, we recorded the gait patterns of normal human walk on six different terrain types with variation in hardness and friction using body mounted inertial sensors. We collected accelerations and angular velocities of 40 healthy subjects with two smartphones embedded inertial measurement units (MPU-6500) attached at two different body locations (chest and lower back). The recorded data were segmented with stride based segmentation

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17

Qin, Haipeng, Yaguang Zhu, Yaqiang Zhang, and Qibin Wei. "Terrain Estimation with Least Squares and Virtual Model Control for Quadruped Robots." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2203, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2203/1/012005.

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Abstract In this paper, a method to estimate the terrain based on footholds and least-squares is presented to make quadrupedal locomotion stable on the sloped terrains, with joint encoders, force sensors and inertial measurement unit (IMU) instead of visual sensors. This method which is tested successfully in simulation can predict two types of terrain, one for adjusting the robot pose and the other for adjusting the trajectory of swing phase. And to make full use of these new capabilities, general balance and locomotion controller is presented. The virtual model controller is embedded into ar

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18

Rauter, Samo, Matej Supej, and Janez Vodičar. "Examining the Efficiency of Electric-Assisted Mountain Biking across Different Types of Terrain." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (2023): 11677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111677.

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Mountain bikes with electric assistance (e-bikes) have gained popularity recently by allowing riders to increase their pedaling power through an electric motor. This innovation has raised questions about how e-bikes compare to traditional mountain bikes regarding physical effort, speed, and physiological demands. By examining these factors, the study aims to compare and characterize differences in performance-related parameters when using an electric-assisted mountain bike compared to a conventional mountain bike on different types of terrain (uphill, downhill, flat section, technically demand

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19

Lee, Yeon-Kyun, Chang-Min Yang, Sol Kim, Ji-Yong Jung, and Jung-Ja Kim. "Development of a Caterpillar-Type Walker for the Elderly People." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010383.

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A walker assists elderly people with age-related reduced walking ability and helps to improve stability and balance ability. However, if the general-type walker (GTW) is used on an uneven, obstacle, or sloped terrain, it may cause excessive muscle use and falls. Therefore, in this study, we developed a caterpillar-type walker (CTW) that elderly people can safely use in various terrains. Twelve elderly who were able to walk normally participated in the study. The activity of upper and lower extremity muscles, the number of obstacles overcome, and walking speed was compared and analyzed when usi

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20

Lv, Kai, Xihui Mu, Lishun Li, Wenbin Xue, Zhiyuan Wang, and Lin Xu. "Design and test methods of rubber-track conversion system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (2018): 1903–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018794101.

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Rubber-track conversion system enables the vehicle to have stronger rough terrain trafficability than tire. Its roller wheels swing with terrain contours to comfort ride and steady traction. However, this will increase the detracking risk and aggravate the rubber track repeated stretch. To minimize variations of the track perimeter, a systematic design method for rubber-track conversion system was proposed to harmonize the component parameters related to relative movements. Furthermore, its tensioning system was optimized. Using a multi-camera video measurement system, the track perimeter is c

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21

Pecie, Robert Florian, Mihai Olimpiu Tătar, and Călin Rusu. "Studies on mobile robots for all types of terrain." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 08015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134308015.

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In the first part of the paper, the authors present the characteristics of the robots for all types of terrain. In the second part, two categories of robots are proposed: a robot with hybrid locomotion system and a modular robot. For the last category, if different modules are combined, a family of modular robots adaptable to different types of terrain can be obtained. The solutions proposed by the authors allow the study of the mobility and adaptability of robots to different types of terrain.

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22

Wan, Rongshan, Hui Yu, Dan Zhang, Bo Yang, and Yanhong Huang. "Effects of Comprehensive Land Consolidation on Farmers’ Livelihood Under Different Terrain Gradients." Land 14, no. 4 (2025): 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040871.

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Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) significantly impacts farmers’ sustainable development, particularly in southwestern mountainous areas with limited alternative livelihood options. However, existing studies have rarely considered the impact of CLC on farmers’ livelihoods under different terrain gradients in mountainous areas. Therefore, this study employs elevation, slope, and the terrain position index to divide terrain gradient zones. Based on 307 responses from household survey data, this study measures the changes in farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood strategies before and af

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23

Li, Yongle, Xinyu Xu, Mingjin Zhang, and Youlin Xu. "Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 8 (2016): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216673377.

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Wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics simulation were conducted to study the wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain. The upstream terrains were classified into three types: open terrain, open terrain with a steep slope close to the bridge, and open terrain with a ridge close to the bridge. Results obtained from the two methods were compared, including mean speed profiles in the vertical direction and variations of wind speed and angle of attack along the bridge deck. In addition, turbulence intensities at the bridge site obtained from wind tunnel test were dis

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24

Zong, Chengguo, Zhijian Ji, Junzhi Yu, and Haisheng Yu. "An angle-changeable tracked robot with human-robot interaction in unstructured environments." Assembly Automation 40, no. 4 (2020): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2018-0231.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the adaptability of the tracked robot in complex working environment. It proposes an angle-changeable tracked robot with human–robot interaction in unstructured environment. The study aims to present the mechanical structure and human–robot interaction control system of the tracked robot and analyze the static stability of the robot working in three terrains, i.e. rugged terrain, sloped terrain and stairs. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents the mechanical structure and human–robot interaction control system of the tracked robot. To prev

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25

Fischer, Roland, Philipp Dittmann, René Weller, and Gabriel Zachmann. "AutoBiomes: procedural generation of multi-biome landscapes." Visual Computer 36, no. 10-12 (2020): 2263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01920-7.

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Abstract Advances in computer technology and increasing usage of computer graphics in a broad field of applications lead to rapidly rising demands regarding size and detail of virtual landscapes. Manually creating huge, realistic looking terrains and populating them densely with assets is an expensive and laborious task. In consequence, (semi-)automatic procedural terrain generation is a popular method to reduce the amount of manual work. However, such methods are usually highly specialized for certain terrain types and especially the procedural generation of landscapes composed of different b

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26

Zheng, Xin, Zelun Bao, and Qian Yin. "Terrain Self-Similarity-Based Transformer for Generating Super Resolution DEMs." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071954.

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High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are important for relevant geoscience research and practical applications. Compared with traditional hardware-based methods, super-resolution (SR) reconstruction techniques are currently low-cost and feasible methods used for obtaining high-resolution DEMs. Single-image super-resolution (SISR) techniques have become popular in DEM SR in recent years. However, DEM super-resolution has not yet utilized reference-based image super-resolution (RefSR) techniques. In this paper, we propose a terrain self-similarity-based transformer (SSTrans) to genera

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27

Albani, Aliashim, Mohd Zamri Ibrahim, and Kim Hwang Yong. "Wind shear data at two different terrain types." Data in Brief 25 (August 2019): 104306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104306.

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28

Xu, Chang, Chenyan Hao, Linmin Li, et al. "Evaluation of the Power-Law Wind-Speed Extrapolation Method with Atmospheric Stability Classification Methods for Flows over Different Terrain Types." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091429.

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The atmospheric stability and ground topography play an important role in shaping wind-speed profiles. However, the commonly used power-law wind-speed extrapolation method is usually applied, ignoring atmospheric stability effects. In the present work, a new power-law wind-speed extrapolation method based on atmospheric stability classification is proposed and evaluated for flows over different types of terrain. The method uses the wind shear exponent estimated in different stability conditions rather than its average value in all stability conditions. Four stability classification methods, na

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29

Endo, Masafumi, Shogo Endo, Kenji Nagaoka, and Kazuya Yoshida. "Terrain-Dependent Slip Risk Prediction for Planetary Exploration Rovers." Robotica 39, no. 10 (2021): 1883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574721000035.

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SUMMARYWheel slip prediction on rough terrain is crucial for secure, long-term operations of planetary exploration rovers. Although rough, unstructured terrain hampers mobility, prediction by modeling wheel–terrain interactions remains difficult owing to unclear terrain conditions and complexities of terramechanics models. This study proposes a vision-based approach with machine learning for predicting wheel slip risk by estimating the slope from 3D information and classifying terrain types from image information. It considers the slope estimation accuracy for risk prediction under sharp incre

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30

Lin, Jung-Jun, and Chia-Hung Liang. "Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan." Advances in Geosciences 64 (July 26, 2024): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-64-13-2024.

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Abstract. In groundwater resource management, the hydrogeological framework significantly influences groundwater flow and storage. The complexity of groundwater systems in orogenic regions necessitates comprehensive investigations. To ensure sustainable groundwater management and address global climate change impacts, hydrogeological surveys and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale are essential. However, regional surveys are often limited by budget constraints and field accessibility. Therefore, integrating remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze terrain features, combined with fi

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31

Li, Min, Ting Wu, Weitao Li, et al. "Terrain Skeleton Construction and Analysis in Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 2 (2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020136.

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A terrain skeleton determines the overall structure and characteristics of the terrain and indicates the presence of significant terrain features, such as ridges and valleys. It plays an important role in terrain representation and reconstruction, hydrological analysis of watersheds, and other scientific studies and engineering applications. Previous studies of terrain skeleton have been mostly focused on the extraction of terrain skeletons, ignoring their important effect on terrain analysis. Therefore, this work proposes a new terrain skeleton, which includes three types of terrain skeleton

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32

Chen, Keji, Rong Bian, Linlin Zhang, and Zhibin Tu. "Research on the numerical fitting and optimization of the flow field of cosine‐shaped mountain ranges in real mountainous terrain." ce/papers 8, no. 2 (2025): 523–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.3143.

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AbstractMany power facilities are constructed in mountainous areas and suffer from wind‐induced disasters. A real mountainous terrain spanning 4.65 km along the Zhejiang coast was selected for analysis. The terrain model was constructed at a 1:1500 scale ratio for conducting wind tunnel test on terrain flow field measurement. Several typical cosine‐shaped mountain ranges were extracted from this real mountainous terrain to model and optimize the wind speed‐up ratios above the terrain. Comparisons were made between the wind speed‐up ratios calculated using empirical formulas for isolated cosine

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33

Erikstad, Lars, Vegar Bakkestuen, Trine Bekkby, and Rune Halvorsen. "Impact of Scale and Quality of Digital Terrain Models on Predictability of Seabed Terrain Types." Marine Geodesy 36, no. 1 (2013): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2012.747454.

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34

Goto, Tomoya, and Genya Ishigami. "CNN-Based Terrain Classification with Moisture Content Using RGB-IR Images." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 6 (2021): 1294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p1294.

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Unmanned mobile robots in rough terrains are a key technology for achieving smart agriculture and smart construction. The mobility performance of robots highly depends on the moisture content of soil, and past few studies have focused on terrain classification using moisture content. In this study, we demonstrate a convolutional neural network-based terrain classification method using RGB-infrared (IR) images. The method first classifies soil types and then categorizes the moisture content of the terrain. A three-step image preprocessing for RGB-IR images is also integrated into the method tha

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35

Chu, Tiankuo, Jun Li, Chengye Zhang, et al. "Impact of Land Use Change on Carbon Storage in Complex Terrains: A Case Study of Sichuan–Chongqing, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 12 (2024): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13120428.

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Understanding human activity and global climate change requires an understanding of the impact of land-use change on carbon storage. Nevertheless, the number of studies examining carbon storage in complex terrain areas remains relatively limited. This study quantified land use shifts and carbon storage variations from 2010 to 2030 in the Sichuan–Chongqing region in China by combining InVEST and PLUS models. The results show that (1) the Sichuan–Chongqing region exhibits a predominantly concentrated pattern of land utilization, with forests occupying a dominant position among various land types

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36

Phan, Yen Quoc, and Nga Thu Thi Nguyen. "Experiment, evaluate methods of interpolation of terain surface for different types of terrain." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 2 (2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(2).13.

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Surface modeling is done by many classic and modern algorithms such as Polynomial Interpolation, Delaunay Triangulation, Nearest Neighbor, Natural Neighbor, Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Spline Functions, etc. The important issue is to experiment, evaluate and select algorithms suitable to the reality of the data and the study area. The paper used three algorithms IDW, Kriging and Natural Neighbor to model the terrain on two map sheets representing different types of terrain. From there, compare the results and evaluate the accuracy of the methods based on random test data from th

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37

Sitanyiova, Dana, Dasa Bacova, Robert Sasik, and Frantisek Malik. "Quantitative and Qualitative Terrain Analysis Based on Digital Terrain Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (2021): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012075.

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Abstract Within the Digital Terrain Models (DTM) processing and consequently qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is possible to gain a credible imagination of real terrain shape. In order to obtain an appropriate DTM, it is necessary to decrease the influence of the gross errors that have negative effects on the final DTM. These gross errors may degrade and in the worst case also ruin the calculations and the final outputs. The gross errors have a greater impact and are harder to define in complicated terrain and pointing out these types of errors depends on the editor’s experiences and

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38

Ventiņš, Jānis. "Earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) communities in common soil types under intensive agricultural practice in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 65, no. 1-2 (2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-011-0018-0.

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Earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) communities in common soil types under intensive agricultural practice in Latvia Studies of earthworm populations in the framework of the State Agricultural Land Monitoring Programme were performed during 1992-1998 at six sites representing the common soil types of Latvia. The earthworm communities were examined as indicators of soil conditions in relation to soil type, terrain, agricultural practice and meteorological factors. In total six earthworm species were found. Only two species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus, were present in all pl

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39

Šašak, Ján, Ján Kaňuk, Miloš Rusnák, and Jozef Šupinský. "Impact of data structure types and spatial resolution on landslide volumetric change measurements." Geodesy and cartography 50, no. 4 (2024): 179–97. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2024.20647.

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Terrain is a dynamic component of the landscape, subject to rapid changes, particularly in scenarios such as landslides. This study investigates how the spatial resolution and data structure of digital terrain models (DTMs) influence the estimation of landslide volume changes. We selected a landslide formed by the undercutting action of the Belá River in Slovakia as our research site. Our findings indicate that raster data structures, across various spatial resolutions, generally yield more consistent volume estimates compared to 3D mesh data structures. Nonetheless, at higher spatial resoluti

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40

Shozaki, Hiroki, Yasuhito Sekine, Nicholas Guttenberg, and Goro Komatsu. "Recognition and Classification of Martian Chaos Terrains Using Imagery Machine Learning: A Global Distribution of Chaos Linked to Groundwater Circulation, Catastrophic Flooding, and Magmatism on Mars." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (2022): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163883.

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Martian chaos terrains are fractured depressions consisting of block landforms that are often located in source areas of outflow channels. Numerous chaos and chaos-like features have been found on Mars; however, a global-scale classification has not been pursued. Here, we perform recognition and classification of Martian chaos using imagery machine learning. We developed neural network models to classify block landforms commonly found in chaos terrains—which are associated with outflow channels formed by water activity (referred to as Aromatum-Hydraotes-Oxia-like (or AHO) chaos blocks) or with

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Kumar, K., A. Labetski, H. Ledoux, and J. Stoter. "AN IMPROVED LOD FRAMEWORK FOR THE TERRAINS IN 3D CITY MODELS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W8 (September 23, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w8-75-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Level of Detail (LOD) concept in CityGML 2.0 is meant to differentiate the multiple representations of semantic 3D city models. Despite the popularity and general acceptance of the concept by the practitioners and stakeholders in 3D city modelling, there are still some limitations. While the CityGML LOD concept is well defined for buildings, bridges, tunnels, and to some extent for roads, there is no clear definition of LODs for terrain/relief, vegetation, land use, water bodies, and generic city objects in CityGML. In addition, extensive res

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Cheng, Jian Long, and Hang Fu. "Height Control Measures of Highway Subgrade Fill in Xinjiang Plain Terrain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1366.

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By analyzing problems of highway subgrade fill height in Xinjiang plain terrain, this paper subdivided plain terrain types and proposed corresponding height control measures of subgrade fill based on features of different subtypes, which provides useful reference to similar engineering in plain terrain.

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43

Matos-Carvalho, J. P., Filipe Moutinho, Ana Beatriz Salvado, et al. "Static and Dynamic Algorithms for Terrain Classification in UAV Aerial Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (2019): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212501.

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The ability to precisely classify different types of terrain is extremely important for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). There are multiple situations in which terrain classification is fundamental for achieving a UAV’s mission success, such as emergency landing, aerial mapping, decision making, and cooperation between UAVs in autonomous navigation. Previous research works describe different terrain classification approaches mainly using static features from RGB images taken onboard UAVs. In these works, the terrain is classified from each image taken as a whole, not divided into blocks; this

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44

Egamnazarova, D. Sh. "MAPPING THE TERRAIN OF LINGUISTIC DEVIATION." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 6, no. 3 (2024): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue03-11.

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The article provides a comprehensive overview of the typology of linguistic deviation, an area of study that examines the ways in which language deviates from established norms and expectations in communication. It categorizes linguistic deviations into several types based on their occurrence in phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Each type of deviation is analyzed carefully providing examples and discussing their effects on interpretation and communication. The article also addresses the role of stylistic devices as a form of deliberate linguistic divergence in literatur

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45

Kyselov, V. "TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTHERN UKRAINE, POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS OF PLACEMENT OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE DIFFICULT TERRAIN CONDITIONS." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-68-81.

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The paper "Potential and prospects of placement of preschool educational institutions in the difficult terrain conditions in the context of the South of Ukraine" spotlights terrain characteristics of the South of Ukraine, identifies physical and geographical features of the southern regions, analyses terrain characteristics of Odessa, Dnipropetrovsk (Sichelavskiy), Kherson, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhya regions and also territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The land fund condition of the south of Ukraine is considered in the paper and the analysis of the functional distribu

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46

Valkov, Georgi, and Valyo Nikolov. "ANALYSIS OF THE POWER DRIVES OF TERRAIN FORKLIFTS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 20, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol3.4197.

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The main subject of this publication is to provides a description of terrain forklifts, their design and specific features. The main mechanical, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic types of power drives and their application in terrain forklifts are presented herein. This article includes an analysis of the power transmissions drive systems of terrain forklifts. The most important trends in the development of the terrain forklifts have also been presented.

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47

Ren, Zhongle, Yiming Lu, Biao Hou, Weibin Li, and Feng Sha. "JPSSL: SAR Terrain Classification Based on Jigsaw Puzzles and FC-CRF." Remote Sensing 16, no. 9 (2024): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16091635.

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Effective features play an important role in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image interpretation. However, since SAR images contain a variety of terrain types, it is not easy to extract effective features of different terrains from SAR images. Deep learning methods require a large amount of labeled data, but the difficulty of SAR image annotation limits the performance of deep learning models. SAR images have inevitable geometric distortion and coherence speckle noise, which makes it difficult to extract effective features from SAR images. If effective semantic context features cannot be learn

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LOPEZ, C. "Locating some types of random errors in Digital Terrain Models." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 11, no. 7 (1997): 677–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136588197242149.

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49

Bo, Yang, Wei Xiang, Yu He, and Liu Chaofang. "A method for extracting Martian terrain features based on unsupervised contrastive learning." Scientific Insights and Discoveries Review 4 (October 14, 2024): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59782/sidr.v4i1.147.

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Intelligent recognition of Martian surface terrain is of great significance to autonomous exploration of Mars rovers. Feature extraction methods for Martian terrain images are currently mainly divided into two categories: traditional shallow visual feature extraction and deep feature extraction based on supervised learning. Loss of image information and the need for a large amount of labeled data are key issues to be addressed. A method for Martian terrain feature recognition based on unsupervised contrastive learning is proposed. By establishing an image dictionary dataset, two sets of neural

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50

Martinez-Soltero, Gabriel, Alma Y. Alanis, Nancy Arana-Daniel, and Carlos Lopez-Franco. "Semantic Segmentation for Aerial Mapping." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (2020): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091456.

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Mobile robots commonly have to traverse rough terrains. One way to find the easiest traversable path is by determining the types of terrains in the environment. The result of this process can be used by the path planning algorithms to find the best traversable path. In this work, we present an approach for terrain classification from aerial images while using a Convolutional Neural Networks at the pixel level. The segmented images can be used in robot mapping and navigation tasks. The performance of two different Convolutional Neural Networks is analyzed in order to choose the best architectur

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