Дисертації з теми "Text lines"
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Faulkner, Andrew. "The Homeric hymn to Aphrodite : introduction, text and commentary on Lines 1-199." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410786.
Huang, Ni. "Reading Between the Lines: Three Investigations of User Generated Content Using Text Analytics." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/432860.
Ph.D.
User-generated content (UGC) is a ubiquitous phenomenon on the Internet. UGC inform, entertain, and facilitate conversations among online users. The three essays of this dissertation examine different antecedents of UGC characteristics with text analytics. The first essay explored the effects of psychological distance on UGC positivity and found that spatial and temporal distance boost UGC positivity. The second essay investigates the effects of social media integration on the linguistic characteristic of UGC and showed that social media integration leads to increased review quantity, while more emotional, less rational and less negative language in UGC content. The third essay examines the impact of book-to-film adaptation on the rating and linguistic characteristics of UGC. The results suggest that, after the release of book-to-film adaptations, book ratings decline, and the use of language reflecting viewing, comparison and affective processes increase in book reviews. To summarize, the three essays in this dissertation contributes to research on UGC by improving our understanding on the various antecedents of UGC characteristics.
Temple University--Theses
Harrison-Snyder, Jill Elizabeth. "Pink Lines and Yellow Tables: A Production of Charles L. Mee's BIG LOVE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/208821.
M.F.A.
A dramatic analysis and directorial reflection on Temple Theaters' production of Charles L. Mee's BIG LOVE, a modern rendering of Aeschylus' THE SUPPLIANT WOMEN. This thesis explores the entire process of directing the production, from research and text analysis, to visual collaboration and rendering, to casting and rehearsal, to tech and production. Ultimately, it is the author's intention to reveal a specific directorial perspective of BIG LOVE and the corresponding creative process utilized to render this interpretation.
Temple University--Theses
Simpson, Catherine. ""Reading between the lines" : a grounded theory study of text-based synchronous online therapy : how practitioners establish therapeutic relationships online." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1138/.
Felhi, Mehdi. "Document image segmentation : content categorization." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0109/document.
In this thesis I discuss the document image segmentation problem and I describe our new approaches for detecting and classifying document contents. First, I discuss our skew angle estimation approach. The aim of this approach is to develop an automatic approach able to estimate, with precision, the skew angle of text in document images. Our method is based on Maximum Gradient Difference (MGD) and R-signature. Then, I describe our second method based on Ridgelet transform.Our second contribution consists in a new hybrid page segmentation approach. I first describe our stroke-based descriptor that allows detecting text and line candidates using the skeleton of the binarized document image. Then, an active contour model is applied to segment the rest of the image into photo and background regions. Finally, text candidates are clustered using mean-shift analysis technique according to their corresponding sizes. The method is applied for segmenting scanned document images (newspapers and magazines) that contain text, lines and photo regions. Finally, I describe our stroke-based text extraction method. Our approach begins by extracting connected components and selecting text character candidates over the CIE LCH color space using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) correlation coefficients in order to detect low contrasted regions. The text region candidates are clustered using two different approaches ; a depth first search approach over a graph, and a stable text line criterion. Finally, the resulted regions are refined by classifying the text line candidates into « text» and « non-text » regions using a Kernel Support Vector Machine K-SVM classifier
Wan, Connie. "Samuel Lines and sons : rediscovering Birmingham's artistic dynasty 1794-1898 through works on paper at the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists : Volume 1, Text ; Volume 2, Catalogue ; Volume 3, Illustrations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3645/.
de, Medeiros Ribeiro Márcio. "Restructuring test variabilities in software product lines." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1732.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Linhas de Produto de Software (LPS) englobam famílias de sistemas desenvolvidos a partir de artefatos reusáveis. Um fator importante durante a manutenção de LPS con- siste em decidir sobre qual mecanismo deve ser utilizado para reestruturar suas variações objetivando melhorar a modularidade de seus artefatos. Devido µa grande variedade de mecanismos, selecionar os corretos pode ser uma tarefa difícil. Por outro lado, selecionar os incorretos pode produzir efeitos negativos no custo de desenvolver a LPS. E importante salientar que este problema existe não somente no nível de código fonte, mas também em outros artefatos como requisitos de software e testes. Assim sendo, para reduzir tal problema no nível de testes automatizados, este trabalho prop~oe um modelo de decisão que ajuda desenvolvedores a escolher mecanismos para reestruturar variações de testes em LPS. Para construir o modelo, algumas variacões encontradas em casos de teste automatizados reais desenvolvidos pela Motorola foram analisadas. Neste caso, os testes servem para testar os sistemas de software dos telefones celulares da Motorola. Os testes lidam com as variacões dos diferentes celulares usando condicionais if-else. Portanto, dada uma variacão baseada em condicionais if-else, o modelo sugere um mecanismo para prover uma melhor modularidade da variacão. Adicionalmente, uma ferramenta para dar suporte aos desenvolvedores de LPS foi desenvolvida. A ferramenta recomenda os mecanismos de acordo com o modelo de decisão proposto. Aplicando o modelo de decisão e os mecanismos sugeridos por ele pode melhorar a modularidade das variações dos casos de teste e remover problemas como códigos dupli- cados. Ademais, mostra-se que a tarefa de reestruturar variações torna-se mais rápida e precisa quando a ferramenta é utilizada
Odia, Osaretin Edwin. "Testing in Software Product Lines." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3853.
The main purpose of the research as presented in this thesis is to present a clear picture of testing in the context of software product lines, which is quite different from testing in single product. The focus of this thesis is specifically the different steps and activities involved in software product lines testing and possible improvements in software product lines testing activities and issues towards achieving the goals of developing high quality software product lines at reduced cost and time. But, for software product lines to achieve its goals, there should be a comprehensive set of testing activities in software product lines development. The development activities from performing analyses and creating designs to integrating programs in software product line context, component testing and tools support for software product lines testing should be taken into consideration.
0046762913149 eddy_odia2002@yahoo.co.uk
Lima, Neto Crescencio Rodrigues. "SPLMT-TE: a software product lines system test case tool." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2809.
Atualmente a decisão de trabalhar, ou não, com Linhas de Produtos de Software (LPS) se tornou um requisito obrigatório para o planejamento estratégico das empresas que trabalham com domínio específico. LPS possibilita que as organizações alcancem reduções significativas nos custos de desenvolvimento e manutenção, melhorias quantitativas na produtividade, qualidade e satisfação do cliente. Por outro lado, os pontos negativos em adotar LPS são demanda extra de investimentos para criar os artefatos reusáveis, fazer mudana¸s organizacionais, etc. Além disso, teste é mais complicado e crítico em linhas de produtos do que em sistemas simples. Porém, continua sendo a forma mais efetiva para garantia de qualidade em LPS. Por isso, aprender a escolher as ferramentas certas para teste em LPS é um benefício que contribui pra redução de alguns desses problemas enfrentados pelas empresas. Apesar do crescente número de ferramentas disponíveis, teste em LPS ainda necessita de ferramentas que apoiem o nível de teste de sistema, gerenciando a variabilidade dos artefatos de teste. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta de teste de linhas de produtos de software para construir testes de sistema a partir dos casos de uso que endereçam desafios para teste em LPS identificados na revisão literária. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida com o intuito de reduzir o esforço necessário para realizar as atividades de teste no ambiente de LPS. Além disso, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo exploratório sistemático que tem como objetivo investigar o estado da arte em relação a ferramentas de teste, sintetizando as evidências disponíveis e identificar lacunas entre as ferramentas, disponíveis na literatura. Este trabalho também apresenta um estudo experimental controlado para avaliar a eficácia da ferramenta proposta
Abuhaiba, Ibrahim S. I. "Recognition of off-line handwritten cursive text." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7331.
Morillot, Olivier. "Reconnaissance de textes manuscrits par modèles de Markov cachés et réseaux de neurones récurrents : application à l'écriture latine et arabe." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0002.
Handwriting recognition is an essential component of document analysis. One of the popular trends is to go from isolated word to word sequence recognition. Our work aims to propose a text-line recognition system without explicit word segmentation. In order to build an efficient model, we intervene at different levels of the recognition system. First of all, we introduce two new preprocessing techniques : a cleaning and a local baseline correction for text-lines. Then, a language model is built and optimized for handwritten mails. Afterwards, we propose two state-of-the-art recognition systems based on contextual HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) and recurrent neural networks BLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory). We optimize our systems in order to give a comparison of those two approaches. Our systems are evaluated on arabic and latin cursive handwritings and have been submitted to two international handwriting recognition competitions. At last, we introduce a strategy for some out-of-vocabulary character strings recognition, as a prospect of future work
Tian, Hai, Tom Trojak, and Charles Jones. "DATA COMMUNICATIONS OVER AIRCRAFT POWER LINES." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604922.
This paper introduces a study of the feasibility and initial hardware design for transmitting data over aircraft power lines. The intent of this design is to significantly reduce the wiring in the aircraft instrumentation system. The potential usages of this technology include Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS) or clock distribution. Aircraft power lines channel characteristics are presented and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is introduced as an attractive modulation scheme for high-speed power line transmission. A design of a full-duplex transceiver with accurate frequency planning is then discussed. A general discussion of what communications protocols are appropriate for this technology is also provided.
Stoll, Christopher A. "Text Line Extraction Using Seam Carving." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428077337.
Parlakol, Nazif Bulent. "A Test Oriented Service And Object Model For Software Product Lines." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611769/index.pdf.
Product Flow Model&rdquo
is used for the common representation of products in application engineering and the &ldquo
Domain Service and Object Model&rdquo
represents the variant based relations between products and core assets. This new approach provides a solution for avoiding unnecessary work load of regression testing using the principles of sub-service decomposition and variant based product/sub-service traceability matrices. The proposed model is adapted to a sample product line targeting the banking domain, called Loyalty and Campaign Management System, where loyalty campaigns for credit cards are the products derived from core assets. Reduced regression test scope after the realization of new requirements is demonstrated through a case study. Finally, efficiency improvement in terms of time and effort in the test process with the adaptation of the proposed model is discussed.
Mullen, W. Grigg. "An evaluation of the utility of four in-situ test methods for transmission line foundation design /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112007-092850/.
Galindo, Duarte José Ángel. "Evolution, testing and configuration of variability systems intensive." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S008/document.
The large number of configurations that a feature model can encode makes the manual analysis of feature models an error prone and costly task. Then, computer-aided mechanisms appeared as a solution to extract useful information from feature models. This process of extracting information from feature models is known as ''Automated Analysis of Feature models'' that has been one of the main areas of research in the last years where more than thirty analysis operations have been proposed. In this dissertation we looked for different tendencies in the automated analysis field and found several research opportunities. Driven by real-world scenarios such as smart phone or videosurveillance domains, we contributed applying, adapting or extending automated analysis operations in variability intensive systems evolution, testing and configuration
Moysset, Bastien. "Détection, localisation et typage de texte dans des images de documents hétérogènes par Réseaux de Neurones Profonds." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI044/document.
Being able to automatically read the texts written in documents, both printed and handwritten, makes it possible to access the information they convey. In order to realize full page text transcription, the detection and localization of the text lines is a crucial step. Traditional methods tend to use image processing based approaches, but they hardly generalize to very heterogeneous datasets. In this thesis, we propose to use a deep neural network based approach. We first propose a mono-dimensional segmentation of text paragraphs into lines that uses a technique inspired by the text recognition models. The connexionist temporal classification (CTC) method is used to implicitly align the sequences. Then, we propose a neural network that directly predicts the coordinates of the boxes bounding the text lines. Adding a confidence prediction to these hypothesis boxes enables to locate a varying number of objects. We propose to predict the objects locally in order to share the network parameters between the locations and to increase the number of different objects that each single box predictor sees during training. This compensates the rather small size of the available datasets. In order to recover the contextual information that carries knowledge on the document layout, we add multi-dimensional LSTM recurrent layers between the convolutional layers of our networks. We propose three full page text recognition strategies that tackle the need of high preciseness of the text line position predictions. We show on the heterogeneous Maurdor dataset how our methods perform on documents that can be printed or handwritten, in French, English or Arabic and we favourably compare to other state of the art methods. Visualizing the concepts learned by our neurons enables to underline the ability of the recurrent layers to convey the contextual information
zhang, fan. "Test of Equality Between Regression Lines in Presence of Errors in Variables." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175809.
Jech, L. E., S. H. Husman, and M. J. Ottman. "Wheat, Barley, and Durum and Advanced Lines Test, Gila Bend, AZ, 1996." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202438.
Varshosaz, Mahsa. "Test Models and Algorithms for Model-Based Testing of Software Product Lines." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33893.
McGarry, Theresa. "Listen and Complete: Understanding One-Liners." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6157.
Jech, L. E., S. H. Husman, M. J. Ottman, and G. A. Hareland. "Wheat, Barley, Durum and Advanced Lines Test, Gila Bend, AZ 1995 (Final Report)." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202439.
Cregger, S. S., and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "A Rapid Biochemical Test Using Cell Lines for Measuring Chemical Toxicity in Aquatic Systems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2896.
Samih, Hamza. "Test basé sur les modèles appliqué aux lignes de produits." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S109/document.
Software product line engineering is an approach that supports developing products in family. These products are described by common and variable features. Currently, the validation activity is disjointed from the product lines development process. The effort and resources provided in the test campaigns for each product can be optimized in the context of product lines. Model-based testing is a technique for automatically generating a suite of test cases from requirements. In this thesis report, we present an approach to test a software product line with model-based testing. This technique is based on an algorithm that establishes the relationship between the variability model released with OVM and the test model, using traceability of functional requirements present in both formalisms. Our contribution is an algorithm that automatically extracts a product test model. It is illustrated with a real industrial case of automotive dashboards and experimented by an industrial of aeronautic domain in the MBAT European project context
Bonakdar, Sakhi Omid. "Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an approach based on machine learning, connected components analysis, and texture analysis." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912566.
Angerborn, Felix. "Better text formatting for the mobile web with javascript." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123314.
Pollard, Jane Maree. "Mesostructure : towards a linguistic framework for the description of topic in written texts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302563.
Maity, Chaitali. "Determining the role of a candidate gene in Drososphila muscle development." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1145459719.
Kasap, Huseyin. "Investigation Of Stockbridge Dampers For Vibration Control Of Overhead Transmission Lines." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614865/index.pdf.
Almeida, Amanda Francieli de. "Avaliação de materiais argilosos da Formação Corumbataí para uso em liners compactados (CCL)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-23032016-091001/.
The final waste disposal is usually the landfills. In order to minimize water contamination because of the waste, the landfills ought to have layers of clay compacted (CCL). Those layers are also known as liners. The barriers system has many functions, for instance, the isolation of the waste, the reduction of infiltration and also the reduction of contaminants migrations (filtering, sorption and other geochemical reactions) toward groundwater. This paper aims to evaluate the clay materials presents in Corumbataí Formation. The main objective was to select materials that have the best characteristics to be used in compacted liner. The aspects that were analyzed includes: the retentions of contaminants using batch test, and also column percolation with CuCl2.2H2O solution. It was also evaluated the resistance of the compacted soil to stand the loads exerted in a landfill. To calculate the adsorption parameters by using the batch test, the constructions and also the linearization of the isotherms were made, through coefficient of determination as its base. Because of those tests it was possible to identify that the best settings are the linear model and also the Freundlich model. The isotherm that presented the best adjustment for the cation was Freundlich isotherm. It was the best adjustment in all samples, mainly in AM-2 and also in AM-16 with R² of 0,9983 and 0,9978 respectively. In percolation column the values of retardation factor (Rd) for Cl- and also for Cu++, were determined by using Freeze and Cherry (1979) and also Shackelford\'s methods (1994) on breakthrough curves. In the \"compressive strength\", the most significant sample was AM-3 that resisted an average force of 992.1 N, reaching an average stress of 477.4 kPa. After an integrated analysis, the best samples were AM-2 and AM-3. However, the AM-2 was not able to work in a scenario that was created to analyze an unconfined compressive strength.
Souza, Rafaela Faciola Coelho de. "Migração de poluentes inorgânicos em liners compostos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-23032010-101309/.
This research analyzes the behavior of two sets of liners subjected to the percolation of \'K\'CL\' solution. Samples of compacted soil from Corumbataí Formation, combined with a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) of brazilian manufacture were used. Column percolation tests were used in two specimens, in the settings: compacted soil above the GCL and compacted soil below the GCL. These tests allowed the determination of hydraulic conductivity and transport parameters of the materials under study. Thus, the behavior of these composite liners was compared with the results obtained by Musso (2008), which tested the independent configuration. After the start of percolation of the \'K\'CL\' solution the hydraulic conductivity (\'K\') of the two settings showed an increase. However, this increase in \'K\' did not affect the hydraulic performance of materials, and the hydraulic conductivity was observed with values of about \'10 POT.-11\' m/s. The retardation factor of the configuration in which the GCL is above the layer of compacted soil was larger in relation to the other configuration analyzed. Overall, it was considered that this configuration showed better performance as composite liner. Comparing the results with those presented by Musso (2008), the hydraulic conductivity didn\'t differ, and the composite liners had higher retardation factors than the liner of compacted soil alone.
Kohlschütter, Christian [Verfasser]. "Exploiting links and text structure on the Web : a quantitative approach to improving search quality / Christian Kohlschütter." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101196922X/34.
Kleyn, Judith. "The performance of the preliminary test estimator under different loss functions." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43132.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Statistics
PhD
Unrestricted
Ylinen, Tomi. "Search for Gamma-ray Lines from Dark Matter with the Fermi Large Area Telescope." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12853.
QC20100525
GLAST
Charbachi, Peter, and Linus Eklund. "Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science by Peter Charbachi and Linus Eklund : PAIRWISE TESTING FOR PLC EMBEDDED SOFTWARE." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32054.
Pastor, Pellicer Joan. "Neural Networks for Document Image and Text Processing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90443.
Hoy en día, las principales librerías y archivos está invirtiendo un esfuerzo considerable en la digitalización de sus colecciones. De hecho, la mayoría están escaneando estos documentos y publicando únicamente las imágenes sin transcripciones, limitando seriamente la posibilidad de explotar estos documentos. Cuando la transcripción es necesaria, esta se realiza normalmente por expertos de forma manual, lo cual es una tarea costosa y propensa a errores. Si se utilizan sistemas de reconocimiento automático se necesita la intervención de expertos humanos para revisar y corregir la salida de estos motores de reconocimiento. Por ello, es extremadamente útil para proporcionar herramientas interactivas con el fin de generar y corregir la transcripciones. Aunque el reconocimiento de texto es el objetivo final del Análisis de Documentos, varios pasos previos (preprocesamiento) son necesarios para conseguir una buena transcripción a partir de una imagen digitalizada. La limpieza, mejora y binarización de las imágenes son las primeras etapas del proceso de reconocimiento. Además, los manuscritos históricos tienen una mayor dificultad en el preprocesamiento, puesto que pueden mostrar varios tipos de degradaciones, manchas, tinta a través del papel y demás dificultades. Por lo tanto, este tipo de documentos requiere métodos de preprocesamiento más sofisticados. En algunos casos, incluso, se precisa de la supervisión de expertos para garantizar buenos resultados en esta etapa. Una vez que las imágenes han sido limpiadas, las diferentes zonas de la imagen deben de ser localizadas: texto, gráficos, dibujos, decoraciones, letras versales, etc. Por otra parte, también es importante conocer las relaciones entre estas entidades. Estas etapas del pre-procesamiento son críticas para el rendimiento final del sistema, ya que los errores cometidos en aquí se propagarán al resto del proceso de transcripción. El objetivo principal del trabajo presentado en este documento es mejorar las principales etapas del proceso de reconocimiento completo: desde las imágenes escaneadas hasta la transcripción final. Nuestros esfuerzos se centran en aplicar técnicas de Redes Neuronales (ANNs) y aprendizaje profundo directamente sobre las imágenes de los documentos, con la intención de extraer características adecuadas para las diferentes tareas: Limpieza y Mejora de Documentos, Extracción de Líneas, Normalización de Líneas de Texto y, finalmente, transcripción del texto. Como se puede apreciar, el trabajo se centra en pequeñas mejoras en diferentes etapas del Análisis y Procesamiento de Documentos, pero también trata de abordar tareas más complejas: manuscritos históricos, o documentos que presentan degradaciones. Las ANNs y el aprendizaje profundo son uno de los temas centrales de esta tesis. Diferentes modelos neuronales convolucionales se han desarrollado para la limpieza y mejora de imágenes de documentos. También se han utilizado modelos conexionistas para la extracción de líneas: primero, para detectar puntos de interés y segmentos de texto y, agregarlos para extraer las líneas del documento; y en segundo lugar, etiquetando directamente los píxeles de la imagen para extraer la zona central del texto y así definir los límites de las líneas. Para el preproceso de las líneas de texto, es decir, la normalización del texto antes del reconocimiento final, se han utilizado modelos similares a los mencionados para detectar la zona central del texto. Las imagenes se rescalan a una altura fija dando más importancia a esta zona central. Por último, en cuanto a reconocimiento de escritura manuscrita, se han combinado técnicas de ANNs y aprendizaje profundo con Modelos Ocultos de Markov, mejorando significativamente los resultados obtenidos previamente por nuestro motor de reconocimiento. La idoneidad de todos estos enfoques han sido testeados con diferentes corpus en cada una de las tareas tratadas., obtenie
Avui en dia, les principals llibreries i arxius històrics estan invertint un esforç considerable en la digitalització de les seues col·leccions de documents. De fet, la majoria estan escanejant aquests documents i publicant únicament les imatges sense les seues transcripcions, fet que limita seriosament la possibilitat d'explotació d'aquests documents. Quan la transcripció del text és necessària, normalment aquesta és realitzada per experts de forma manual, la qual cosa és una tasca costosa i pot provocar errors. Si s'utilitzen sistemes de reconeixement automàtic es necessita la intervenció d'experts humans per a revisar i corregir l'eixida d'aquests motors de reconeixement. Per aquest motiu, és extremadament útil proporcionar eines interactives amb la finalitat de generar i corregir les transcripcions generades pels motors de reconeixement. Tot i que el reconeixement del text és l'objectiu final de l'Anàlisi de Documents, diversos passos previs (coneguts com preprocessament) són necessaris per a l'obtenció de transcripcions acurades a partir d'imatges digitalitzades. La neteja, millora i binarització de les imatges (si calen) són les primeres etapes prèvies al reconeixement. A més a més, els manuscrits històrics presenten una major dificultat d'analisi i preprocessament, perquè poden mostrar diversos tipus de degradacions, taques, tinta a través del paper i altres peculiaritats. Per tant, aquest tipus de documents requereixen mètodes de preprocessament més sofisticats. En alguns casos, fins i tot, es precisa de la supervisió d'experts per a garantir bons resultats en aquesta etapa. Una vegada que les imatges han sigut netejades, les diferents zones de la imatge han de ser localitzades: text, gràfics, dibuixos, decoracions, versals, etc. D'altra banda, també és important conéixer les relacions entre aquestes entitats i el text que contenen. Aquestes etapes del preprocessament són crítiques per al rendiment final del sistema, ja que els errors comesos en aquest moment es propagaran a la resta del procés de transcripció. L'objectiu principal del treball que estem presentant és millorar les principals etapes del procés de reconeixement, és a dir, des de les imatges escanejades fins a l'obtenció final de la transcripció del text. Els nostres esforços se centren en aplicar tècniques de Xarxes Neuronals (ANNs) i aprenentatge profund directament sobre les imatges de documents, amb la intenció d'extraure característiques adequades per a les diferents tasques analitzades: neteja i millora de documents, extracció de línies, normalització de línies de text i, finalment, transcripció. Com es pot apreciar, el treball realitzat aplica xicotetes millores en diferents etapes de l'Anàlisi de Documents, però també tracta d'abordar tasques més complexes: manuscrits històrics, o documents que presenten degradacions. Les ANNs i l'aprenentatge profund són un dels temes centrals d'aquesta tesi. Diferents models neuronals convolucionals s'han desenvolupat per a la neteja i millora de les dels documents. També s'han utilitzat models connexionistes per a la tasca d'extracció de línies: primer, per a detectar punts d'interés i segments de text i, agregar-los per a extraure les línies del document; i en segon lloc, etiquetant directament els pixels de la imatge per a extraure la zona central del text i així definir els límits de les línies. Per al preprocés de les línies de text, és a dir, la normalització del text abans del reconeixement final, s'han utilitzat models similars als utilitzats per a l'extracció de línies. Finalment, quant al reconeixement d'escriptura manuscrita, s'han combinat tècniques de ANNs i aprenentatge profund amb Models Ocults de Markov, que han millorat significativament els resultats obtinguts prèviament pel nostre motor de reconeixement. La idoneïtat de tots aquests enfocaments han sigut testejats amb diferents corpus en cadascuna de les tasques tractad
Pastor Pellicer, J. (2017). Neural Networks for Document Image and Text Processing [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90443
TESIS
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The aim of the present thesis was to test whether the measurement of static pressure distribution and magnitude with the aid of red color density variation is appropriate to directly measure the teat load caused by a collapsing liner and to identify different factors influencing this load. Therefore, investigations were carried out in a laboratory milking parlor using different artificial teats. The influence of the machine vacuum, the pulsation rate, the pulsation ratio, and the liner type were analyzed. The present investigations showed that the tested method is appropriate to directly measure the teat load due to liner collapse. A significant effect of all tested factors could be found as well. The higher the machine vacuum, pulsation rate, and pulsation ratio, the higher the teat load caused by a collapsing liner. The technical characteristics of a liner, especially the shape of the barrel, differ significantly with regard to the teat load. In all investigations more pressure was applied to the teat end.
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Ett nytt fonologiskt testmaterial, LINUS, är framtaget för svensktalande barn. I föreliggande studie har referensmaterial till den långa versionen av det nya testet insamlats bland barn 5-7 år i en mellanstor kommun i norra Kalmar län. Totalt deltog 124 barn (58 flickor och 66 pojkar) med svenska som modersmål och typisk språkutveckling. Barnen delades upp i två åldersintervall, 5;0-5;11;31 och 6;0-6;11;31 år. Det insamlade materialet analyserades avseende etablering av fonem och konsonantkombinationer, samt förekomst av ordstrukturprocesser. Andelsmått för korrekt uttalade ord (PWC), konsonanter (PCC) och vokaler (PVC) beräknades.Samtliga fonem, utom /s/, var etablerade i båda åldersgrupperna. Fonemet /s/ realiserades med substitutioner eller kvalitativt marginella avvikelser (KMA). I 5-årsgruppen var /s/ etablerat för 84% av deltagarna. Bland 5-åringarna förekom substitutioner av /s/ hos 7% och KMA förekom hos 23%. I 6-årsgruppen var /s/ etablerat till 88%, och det förekom substitutioner hos 3% av 6-åringarna, och KMA förekom hos 16%. Fonemet /r/ visade sig vara ett gränsfall avseende etablering för den yngre åldersgruppen (91%). Den vanligaste ordstrukturprocessen för båda grupperna var assimilationer. Signifikanta skillnader mellan de två åldersgrupperna återfanns avseende assimilationer, p=0,022. Förekomsten av assimilationer minskade med stigande ålder. Tvåkonsonantskombinationer (CC) och trekonsonantskombinationer (CCC) visade sig ej vara påverkade av förenklingar i någon större grad. Dock visade sig CC-kombinationer vara mer utsatta för förenklingar än CCC-kombinationer. Båda åldersgrupperna hade höga andelar korrekt uttalade ord, konsonanter och vokaler. De två grupperna fick följande resultat: PWC för 5-åringar var 93% och 6-åringar 97%. PCC var 98% respektive 99% för grupperna. PVC var 100% för båda åldersgrupperna. Åldersskillnader kunde ses för PWC, dock inte för de andra måtten. Inga könsskillnader noterades.
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