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Статті в журналах з теми "Text lines"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 травня 2022

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1

Jalli, Ms Shilpa P., Shivanand M. Patil, and Dr Virendra S Malemath. "TEXT EXTRACTION FROM SKEWED TEXT LINES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 04 (August 31, 2019): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i04.057.

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2

Pudlinski, Christopher. "Empowerment on warm lines: microanalytical explorations of peer encouragement." Text & Talk - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse & Communication Studies 29, no. 4 (January 2009): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text.2009.023.

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3

Moss, Candida R. "Between the Lines." Studies in Late Antiquity 5, no. 3 (2021): 432–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2021.5.3.432.

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Recent scholarship on writing and literacy in the Roman world has been attentive to the role of enslaved literate workers in the production of texts. Yet when it comes to evaluating the potential contributions of enslaved laborers we find ourselves at an impasse. How can we identify changes that an enslaved writer might have introduced? How could we assume that any element of the text comes from a secretary rather than the slaveholding “author”? And if enslaved secretaries were at liberty to make changes to a text, how would we recognize these alterations? Utilizing the method of critical fabulation and revisions to a particular literary fragment (P. Berol. 11632) as a test-case, this article explores the range of collaborative possibilities that can account for textual revisions and asks what difference it might make to view such changes as the product of enslaved workers and their experience.

4

Goto, Hideaki, and Hirotomo Aso. "Extracting curved text lines using local linearity of the text line." International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition 2, no. 2-3 (December 1, 1999): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100320050041.

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5

SMITH, RICHARD. "Between the Lines: Philosophy, Text and Conversation." Journal of Philosophy of Education 43, no. 3 (July 2009): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2009.00700.x.

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6

Younes, Mokhtari, and Yousfi Abdellah. "Segmentation of Arabic Handwritten Text to Lines." Procedia Computer Science 73 (2015): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.056.

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7

Pach, Jakub, and Piotr Bilski. "Robust method for the text line detection and splitting of overlapping text in the Latin manuscripts." Machine Graphics and Vision 23, no. 3/4 (January 14, 2012): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/mgv.2014.23.3.2.

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The paper presents the modified method of the text lines separation in the handwritten manuscripts. Such an approach is required for the medieval text analysis, where multiple text lines overlap and are written at different angles. The proposed approach consists in dividing the bounding boxes into smaller components based on the points of the character curves intersection. The method considers the askew text lines, producing non-rectangular zones between the neighboring lines.

8

Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando, María Rosa Elosúa de Juan, Pascal Gygax, Carol J. Madden, and Santiago Mosquera Roa. "Reading between the lines." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.03mar.

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This paper presents an overview of the activation of background knowledge during text comprehension. We first review the cognitive processes involved in the activation of inferences during text comprehension, stressing the interaction between text and reader in the construction of situation models. Second, we review evidence for embodied theories of cognition and discuss how this new framework can inform our understanding of the nature and role of background knowledge. We then review the neuropsychological data on the activation of background knowledge during text comprehension. Finally, the paper presents existing and future challenges in researching the role of background knowledge both at a conceptual and a methodological level.

9

Kumar, Rajiv, and Amardeep Singh. "Algorithm to Detect and Segment Gurmukhi Handwritten Text into Lines, Words and Characters." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 4 (2011): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.258.

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10

McCarthy, Kathryn S. "Reading beyond the lines." Scientific Study of Literature 5, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.5.1.05mcc.

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Reading literature requires not only understanding the literal meaning of the text, but also constructing a nonliteral interpretation of the text’s deeper meaning yet little is known about the psychological processes involved when interpretations are constructed. The current paper presents a review of the extant work from literary theory, empirical studies of literature, and research from more general cognitive text comprehension to explore the conditions under which literary interpretations are made and what this discipline-specific reading behavior can tell us about more general text comprehension.

11

Kurar Barakat, Berat, Rafi Cohen, Ahmad Droby, Irina Rabaev, and Jihad El-Sana. "Learning-Free Text Line Segmentation for Historical Handwritten Documents." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 8276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228276.

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We present a learning-free method for text line segmentation of historical handwritten document images. This method relies on automatic scale selection together with second derivative of anisotropic Gaussian filters to detect the blob lines that strike through the text lines. Detected blob lines guide an energy minimization procedure to extract the text lines. Historical handwritten documents contain noise, heterogeneous text line heights, skews and touching characters among text lines. Automatic scale selection allows for automatic adaption to the heterogeneous nature of handwritten text lines in case the character height range is correctly estimated. In the extraction phase, the method can accurately split the touching characters among the text lines. We provide results investigating various settings and compare the model with recent learning-free and learning-based methods on the cBAD competition dataset.

12

Pal, U., and B. B. Chaudhuri. "Machine-printed and hand-written text lines identification." Pattern Recognition Letters 22, no. 3-4 (March 2001): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(00)00126-4.

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13

Wu, Weijia, Jici Xing, Cheng Yang, Yuxing Wang, and Hong Zhou. "Texts as Lines: Text Detection with Weak Supervision." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (June 10, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3871897.

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Scene text detection methods based on deep learning have recently shown remarkable improvement. Most text detection methods train deep convolutional neural networks with full masks requiring pixel accuracy for good quality training. Normally, a skilled engineer needs to drag tens of points to create a full mask for the curved text. Therefore, data labelling based on full masks is time consuming and laborious, particularly for curved texts. To reduce the labelling cost, a weakly supervised method is first proposed in this paper. Unlike the other detectors (e.g., PSENet or TextSnake) that use full masks, our method only needs coarse masks for training. More specifically, the coarse mask for one text instance is a line across the text region in our method. Compared with full mask labelling, data labelling using the proposed method could save labelling time while losing much annotation information. In this context, a network pretrained on synthetic data with full masks is used to enhance the coarse masks in a real image. Finally, the enhanced masks are fed back to train our network. Analysis of experiments performed using the model shows that the performance of our method is close to that of the fully supervised methods on ICDAR2015, CTW1500, Total-Text, and MSRA-TD5000.

14

Moore, Bruce. "Langland’s Piers Plowman, B-text, lines 112-45." Explicator 49, no. 4 (July 1991): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1991.11484069.

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15

LIU, Qiong, Hui-can ZHOU, and Yao-nan WANG. "Text extraction based on clustering colors at-sensible points and clustering text-lines for text-selection." Journal of Computer Applications 30, no. 2 (March 22, 2010): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2010.00449.

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16

Lai, Sheng-Hong, Jen-Chi Lee, and I.-Hsun Tsai. "Sheaf lines of Yang–Mills instanton sheaves." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819500361.

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We calculate a sheaf line in [Formula: see text] which is the real line supporting sheaf points on [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] Yang–Mills (YM) instanton (or [Formula: see text] complex YM instanton) sheaves for some given ADHM data we obtained previously. We found that this sheaf line is indeed a special jumping line over [Formula: see text] spacetime. In addition, we calculate the singularity structure of the connection [Formula: see text] and the field strength [Formula: see text] at the corresponding singular point on [Formula: see text] of this sheaf line. We found that the order of singularity at the singular point on [Formula: see text] associated with the sheaf line in [Formula: see text] is higher than those of other singular points associated with normal jumping lines. We conjecture that this is a general feature for sheaf lines among jumping lines.

17

Mohan Singh, Brij, Rahul Sharma, Debashis Ghosh, and Ankush Mittal. "Multi-Oriented Text Extraction in Stylistic Documents." International Journal of Image and Graphics 15, no. 01 (January 2015): 1550002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467815500023.

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In many documents such as maps, engineering drawings and artistic documents, etc. there exist many printed as well as handwritten materials where text regions and text-lines are not parallel to each other, curved in nature, and having various types of text such as different font size, text and non-text areas lying close to each other and non-straight, skewed and warped text-lines. Optical character recognition (OCR) systems available commercially such as ABYY fine reader and Free OCR, are not capable of handling different ranges of stylistic document images containing curved, multi-oriented, and stylish font text-lines. Extraction of individual text-lines and words from these documents is generally not straight forward. Most of the segmentation works reported is on simple documents but still it remains a highly challenging task to implement an OCR that works under all possible conditions and gives highly accurate results, especially in the case of stylistic documents. This paper presents dilation and flood fill morphological operations based approach that extracts multi-oriented text-lines and words from the complex layout or stylistic document images in the subsequent stages. The segmentation results obtained from our method proves to be superior over the standard profiling-based method.

18

Chen, Su, Robert M. Haralick, and Ihsin T. Phillips. "Extraction of text lines and text blocks on document images based on statistical modeling." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 7, no. 4 (1996): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1098(199624)7:4<343::aid-ima9>3.0.co;2-8.

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19

Abdo, Hakim A., Ahmed Abdu, Ramesh Manza, and Shobha Bawiskar. "An approach to analysis of arabic text documents into text lines, words, and characters." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp754-763.

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Text line extraction from a text document image and segmenting it into isolate words and segmenting these words into individual characters are considered as one of the most critical processes in OCR systems development and turning the document into a searchable electronic representation, this paper presents a new approach to analyze the Arabic text documents, the proposed approach contains four steps, preprocessing, text line segmentation, word segmentation, character segmentation. The horizontal projection method are used to detect and extract the text line from preprocessed text documents image, in word segmentation step The space threshold are computed to determine the spaces among connected components in text line as within-word space or between-words space for segmenting the text line into isolate words, finally thinning method applied to find the skeleton of segmented word and analyses geometric characteristics of the characters to detect ligatures and characters. The proposed approach was tested and evaluated on a set of 115 text images, this set contains images from the KFUPM Handwritten Arabic TexT (KHATT) database and some images produced by the authors. The experiment results are extremely encouraging, with a success rate of 98.6% for lines segmentation, 96% for words segmentation, and 87.1% for characters segmentation.

20

Zhang, Xiaohua, Wenbo Jiang, Xia Liu, and Ning Xie. "Using Orientation Voting to Extract Text Lines with Various Mixed Directions from a Document Image." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.5.118.

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21

Papavassiliou, Vassilis, Themos Stafylakis, Vassilis Katsouros, and George Carayannis. "Handwritten document image segmentation into text lines and words." Pattern Recognition 43, no. 1 (January 2010): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2009.05.007.

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22

Chakraborty, Dibyayan, and Umapada Pal. "Baseline detection of multi-lingual unconstrained handwritten text lines." Pattern Recognition Letters 74 (April 2016): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2016.02.003.

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23

Pal, U., and P. P. Roy. "Multioriented and Curved Text Lines Extraction From Indian Documents." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 34, no. 4 (August 2004): 1676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2004.827613.

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24

Brookes, Andrew. "Reading between the Lines—Outdoor Experience as Environmental Text." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 65, no. 8 (October 1994): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1994.10606979.

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25

Seni, Giovanni, and Edward Cohen. "External word segmentation of off-line handwritten text lines." Pattern Recognition 27, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90016-7.

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26

Toolan, Michael. "Trust and text, text as trust." Words, grammar, text: revisiting the work of John Sinclair 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2007): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.2.10too.

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In this essay I celebrate and interrogate John Sinclair’s seminal paper, ‘Trust the text’, a paper in which several radically new ideas about the role of prospection and encapsulation in the reader’s processing of text are outlined. I mention some of the ways in which trust is fundamental to matters of language and cooperative communication, but also try to enlarge on what I think Sinclair has in mind. In reading on (and not re-reading), as we nearly always do when confronted with text, we are trusting the text in a more particular way, trusting it to have been composed in such a way that what follows will answer or complete what has gone before. This text-trust is perhaps the most fundamental structuring principle in written discourse, and mostly we apply it unwittingly; Sinclair’s paper broaches some lines of enquiry by which linguists might develop a fuller explanation of it.

27

Mann, Robert. "Lines by the Book." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 10, no. 1 (August 2004): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.10.1.0008.

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Textbooks are a wonderful resource for the mathematics teacher, but at times they can also be limiting. Many teachers, for example, feel compelled to follow the curriculum in the text and, as a result, often lack time to incorporate other rich, engaging mathematical activities. It is often easier to present a topic “by the book” rather than develop alternative lessons—especially if these alternative lessons involve finding, building, or purchasing enough manipulatives or related materials for the entire class to use. Consequently, it is important that teachers have access to activities that can be easily integrated into any class or any curriculum—regardless of text or available materials. I have found that this Lines by the Book investigation is such an activity.

28

Zhou, Fengming, Weilan Wang, and Qiang Lin. "A Novel Text Line Segmentation Method Based on Contour Curve Tracking for Tibetan Historical Documents." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 10 (June 20, 2018): 1854025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418540253.

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In this paper, we proposed a novel method for text line segmentation of Tibetan historical document image with uchen script based on contour tracking. Our method is mainly to segment the text lines from the image documents using the contour curve of the text lines, which consists of three parts: First, we calculate the barycentre coordinates of the connected components for the text regions, and then the barycentre of each text line is connected in order, so that the main part of each text line is connected and a new connected component is formed; then the contour curve of the connected component is obtained using the contour tracing algorithm; Second, the contour curve and the barycentre gravity are used to assign key elements (such as the syllable point, the upper vowel, the lower vowel, and the broken strokes and so on) of the text lines, and next the candidate text lines are obtained based on these connected components; Finally, the contour tracking algorithm is used to calculate the contour curve of the candidate text lines and segment the text lines. We evaluated our text line segmentation method on the 200 document image data sets. Experimental results show that the proposed method based on contour curve tracing can accurately segment the text lines of image documents and achieve the encouraging results.

29

BASAVANNA, M., P. SHIVAKUMARA, S. K. SRIVATSA, and G. HEMANTHA KUMAR. "MULTI-ORIENTED TEXT DETECTION IN SCENE IMAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 07 (November 2012): 1255010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001412550105.

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We present a new run-length based method for multi-oriented text detection in scene images. We consider one ideal Sobel edge image of the horizontal text image to compute run-lengths for multi-oriented text images. Then the method proposes a Max–Min clustering to find ideal run-lengths that represents text pixel from an array of run-lengths of ideal image. The run-lengths computed for the input multi-oriented and horizontal text images are matched with the ideal run-lengths given by the Max–Min clustering to find potential run-lengths. The boundary growing method is introduced to traverse multi-oriented text lines given by the potential run-lengths and then the method eliminates false positives to clear the background using angle-proximity features of the text blocks. The non-horizontal text image is rotated to horizontal direction based on angle of the text lines to ease the implementation. The method explore new idea based on zero-crossing to separate text lines from the touching text lines given by the boundary growing method. The proposed method is tested on our own multi-oriented scene data captured by high resolution camera and mobile camera, and the benchmark database (ICDAR 2003 competition scene images) to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results are compared with the existing methods to show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of measures.

30

Sievers, Julie. "Writing between the Lines." Pedagogy 21, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15314200-9131828.

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Abstract This article explores how annotation with digital, social tools can address digital reading challenges while also supporting writing skill development for novices in college literature classrooms. The author analyzes student work and survey responses and shows that social annotation can facilitate closer digital reading and scaffold text-anchored argumentation practices.

31

Nagabhushan, P., Rachida Hannane, Abdessamad Elboushaki, and Mohammed Javed. "Automatic Removal of Handwritten Annotations from Between-text-lines and Inside-text-line Regions of a Printed Text Document." Procedia Computer Science 45 (2015): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.123.

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32

Salvetti, Mario, and Matteo Serventi. "Arrangements of lines and monodromy of associated Milnor fibers." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 25, no. 12 (October 2016): 1642014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216516420141.

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Consider an arrangement [Formula: see text] of homogeneous hyperplanes in [Formula: see text] with complement [Formula: see text]. The (co)homology of [Formula: see text] with twisted coefficients is strictly related to the cohomology of the Milnor fiber associated to the natural fibration onto [Formula: see text] endowed with the geometric monodromy. It is still an open problem to understand in general the cohomology of the Milnor fiber, even for dimension 1. In Sec. 1, we show that all questions about the first homology group are detected by a precise group, which is a quotient ot the commutator subgroup of [Formula: see text] by the commutator of its length zero subgroup, which didn’t appear in the literature before. In Sec. 2, we state a conjecture of [Formula: see text]-monodromicity for the first homology, which is of a different nature with respect to the known results. Let [Formula: see text] be the graph of double points of [Formula: see text] we conjecture that if [Formula: see text] is connected, then the geometric monodromy acts trivially on the first homology of the Milnor fiber (so the first Betti number is combinatorially determined in this case). This conjecture depends only on the combinatorics of [Formula: see text]. We show the truth of the conjecture under some stronger hypotheses.

33

Elkhayati, Mohsine, Youssfi Elkettani, and Mohammed Mourchid. "A Multi-Agent Approach to Segment Arabic Handwritten Text Lines." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 14, no. 4 (October 2020): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2020100105.

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In text line segmentation, there are three classes of methods: either by sorting physical units such as pixels or connected components (CC) constituting a line or by searching for the baseline of each word and grouping together those who participate in the same line. The third class analyzes the separation locations between the lines. After an overview of lines segmentation approaches, the authors introduced a new method emphasizing its simplicity, speed, and originality. The proposed approach detects the starting components of the lines in the first step. In the second step, it defines a number of agents that start the segmentation process from their starting points between the starting components of lines. Each agent aims to reach the left edge of the document through the correct path. The algorithm used by the agents is based on the morphological process, characteristics of the Arabic manuscript and a communication system. The experimental results on an Arabic dataset show that this approach is an effective solution for the segmentation of lines from different Arabic manuscripts.

34

IONESCU, PALTIN, and DANIEL NAIE. "RATIONALITY PROPERTIES OF MANIFOLDS CONTAINING QUASI-LINES." International Journal of Mathematics 14, no. 10 (December 2003): 1053–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x03002095.

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Let X be a complex, rationally connected, projective manifold. We show that X admits a modification [Formula: see text] that contains a quasi-line, i.e. a smooth rational curve whose normal bundle is a direct sum of copies of [Formula: see text]. For manifolds containing quasi-lines, a sufficient condition of rationality is exploited: there is a unique quasi-line from a given family passing through two general points. We define a numerical birational invariant, e(X), and prove that X is rational if and only if e(X)=1. If X is rational, there is a modification [Formula: see text] which is strongly-rational, i.e. contains an open subset isomorphic to an open subset of the projective space whose complement is at least 2-codimensional. We prove that strongly-rational varieties are stable under smooth, small deformations. The argument is based on a convenient characterization of these varieties. Finally, we relate the previous results and formal geometry. This relies on ẽ(X, Y), a numerical invariant of a given quasi-line Y that depends only on the formal completion [Formula: see text]. As applications we show various instances in which X is determined by [Formula: see text]. We also formulate a basic question about the birational invariance of ẽ(X, Y).

35

Rubin, Boris, and Yingzhan Wang. "On Radon transforms between lines and hyperplanes." International Journal of Mathematics 28, no. 13 (December 2017): 1750093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x17500938.

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We obtain new inversion formulas for the Radon transform and its dual between lines and hyperplanes in [Formula: see text]. The Radon transform in this setting is non-injective and the consideration is restricted to the so-called quasi-radial functions that are constant on symmetric clusters of lines. For the corresponding dual transform, which is injective, explicit inversion formulas are obtained both in the symmetric case and in full generality. The main tools are the Funk transform on the sphere, the Radon-John [Formula: see text]-plane transform in [Formula: see text], the Grassmannian modification of the Kelvin transform, and the Erdélyi–Kober fractional integrals.

36

Nguyen, Duc Manh, and Sunghwan Kim. "The fog on: Generalized teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on N-lines and N-cycles." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 23 (August 16, 2019): 1950270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502701.

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The recent paper entitled “Generalized teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on [Formula: see text]-lines and [Formula: see text]-cycles” by Yang et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 33(6) (2019) 1950069] proposed the quantum teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on [Formula: see text]-lines and [Formula: see text]-cycles. However, further investigation shows that the quantum walk over the one-dimensional infinite line can be based over the [Formula: see text]-cycles and cannot be based on [Formula: see text]-lines. The proofs of our claims on quantum walks based on finite lines are also provided in detail.

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Ahmadyfard, Alireza, and Mohammad Amin Tolou Beidokhti. "Removing Geometrical Distortion of Documents using Geometry of text lines." Signal and Data Processing 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jsdp.14.2.141.

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Arocha, Jorge L., Javier Bracho, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, and Luis Montejano. "Affine configurations of 4 lines in $$\mathbb{R}^{\text{3}} $$." Archiv der Mathematik 86, no. 2 (February 2006): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-005-1224-2.

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Daldali, M., and Abdelghani Souhar. "Handwritten Arabic Documents Segmentation into Text Lines using Seam Carving." International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence 5, no. 5 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2018.06.002.

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S, Rohini, Uma Devi.R.S, and Mohanavel S. Mohanavel.S. "Segmentation of Touching, Overlapping, Skewed and Short Handwritten Text Lines." International Journal of Computer Applications 49, no. 19 (July 31, 2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/7877-1163.

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Goodman, Marianne. "Harnessing the Power of Crisis Text Lines During Suicidal Distress." Psychiatric Services 71, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.71405.

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Angadi, S. A., and M. M. Kodabagi. "A Robust Segmentation Technique for Line, Word and Character Extraction from Kannada Text in Low Resolution Display Board Images." International Journal of Image and Graphics 14, no. 01n02 (January 2014): 1450003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021946781450003x.

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Reliable extraction/segmentation of text lines, words and characters is one of the very important steps for development of automated systems for understanding the text in low resolution display board images. In this paper, a new approach for segmentation of text lines, words and characters from Kannada text in low resolution display board images is presented. The proposed method uses projection profile features and on pixel distribution statistics for segmentation of text lines. The method also detects text lines containing consonant modifiers and merges them with corresponding text lines, and efficiently separates overlapped text lines as well. The character extraction process computes character boundaries using vertical profile features for extracting character images from every text line. Further, the word segmentation process uses k-means clustering to group inter character gaps into character and word cluster spaces, which are used to compute thresholds for extracting words. The method also takes care of variations in character and word gaps. The proposed methodology is evaluated on a data set of 1008 low resolution images of display boards containing Kannada text captured from 2 mega pixel cameras on mobile phones at various sizes 240 × 320, 480 × 640 and 960 × 1280. The method achieves text line segmentation accuracy of 97.17%, word segmentation accuracy of 97.54% and character extraction accuracy of 99.09%. The proposed method is tolerant to font variability, spacing variations between characters and words, absence of free segmentation path due to consonant and vowel modifiers, noise and other degradations. The experimentation with images containing overlapped text lines has given promising results.

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Toyoda, Wataru, Ryo Miyamoto, Susumu Oouchi, and Takenobu Inoue. "Discriminable Height Differences of Raised Lines." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 114, no. 3 (May 2020): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x20925213.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the discriminable height differences of raised lines printed on paper, as assessed by people who are blind, with or without years of tactile experience. Methods: Ten younger and 10 older tactile readers with blindness and with rich tactile experience; and 10 blindfolded, older, sighted participants with little tactile experience discriminated paired raised-line stimuli of different heights using the fingers of their preferred hand by active touch in a psychophysical experiment. Results: There was a significant main effect of the height of the stimulus, F(2, 54) = 56.446, MS = .060, p < .001, [Formula: see text] = .676, [Formula: see text] = .341, and participant group, F(2, 27) = 13.717, MS = .064, p < .001, [Formula: see text] = .504, [Formula: see text] = .357; however, there was no significant main effect of the width of the lines, or any interactions. The younger and older tactile readers had virtually similar thresholds and Weber fractions, and they could discriminate paired stimuli more accurately and efficiently than the older, sighted participants. We provided the discriminable height data of the raised lines based on the mean and 95th percentile values of the Weber fractions. Discussion: The results indicate the importance of tactile experiences for height discrimination in active touch. For older persons with recently developed blindness, raised lines with larger height differences should be used. Information for practitioners: These data will be helpful for developing new braille embossers that can print raised-line graphics for people with visual impairments, with or without years of tactile experience.

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Sarkar, Ram, Nibaran Das, Subhadip Basu, Mahantapas Kundu, and Mita Nasipuri. "Extraction of Text Lines from Handwritten Documents Using Piecewise Water Flow Technique." Journal of Intelligent Systems 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2013-0018.

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AbstractA novel piecewise water flow technique for text line extraction from multi-skewed document images of handwritten text of different scripts is presented here. The basic water flow technique assumes that the hypothetical water flows from both left and right sides of the image frame. This flow of water fills up the gaps between consecutive objects (texts) but faces obstruction if any object lies in the path of the flow. All unwetted regions in the document image are then labeled distinctly to extract the text lines. However, the technique fails when two neighboring text lines touch each other, as water gets obstructed by the touching segment(s). To get rid of this difficulty, we have modified the basic water flow technique by iteratively applying the same over the vertically segmented document images. The main purpose of this vertical segmentation is to localize the text line segment(s) where two text lines get joined. These segments are then horizontally fragmented, and each fragment is placed suitably to the text line in which it actually belongs to. This way, the probable data loss during isolation of the touching text line segment is minimized. Both the techniques (current and basic ones) have been tested on three different databases, viz., CMATERdb 1.1.1, CMATERdb 1.1.2, and ICDAR2009 handwritten segmentation contest pages, respectively. The test results show that the present technique outperforms the basic one for all three databases.

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Hermann, Kappelhoff. "Front Lines of Community." Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung 10, no. 2 (2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000108348.

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What kind of world emerges as a common world for the spectator in the staging of the events of war? And how can the film-analytical reconstruction of a sense of commonality open up historical consciousness in the first place? Focusing on the combat report With the Marines at Tarawa (USA 1944) this text shows how the ramifications of genre poetics can be explored as a network of experiential modalities that make history graspable as a continuous process of delineating the limits of community.

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Perkins, Mark. "Approaches to Text Analysis." Global Language Review IV, no. I (June 30, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2019(iv-i).01.

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Text Analysis is a broad term that covers many approaches and technologies. Those initially stemming from the academic sphere have come to enter the commercial, and today there is a wide interplay between the two. A further dichotomy is that between natural language and computational approaches. Over time, approaches have come to draw upon each other, although there are still clear dividing lines and practitioners tend to rely mainly on one approach or the other. This paper seeks to draw out these approaches and give an account of them over time. It also points to future developments where artificial intelligence is increasingly used.

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Mongodi, Silvia, Andrea Stella, Anita Orlando, and Francesco Mojoli. "B-lines Visualization and Lung Aeration Assessment." Anesthesiology 130, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002522.

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Farnik, Łucja, Jakub Kabat, Magdalena Lampa-Baczyńska, and Halszka Tutaj-Gasińska. "On the parameter spaces of some Böröczky configurations." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 28, no. 07 (October 15, 2018): 1231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196718500558.

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Böröczky configurations of lines have been recently considered in connection with the problem of the containment between symbolic and ordinary powers of ideals. Here, we describe parameter families of Böröczky configurations of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] lines and investigate rational points of these parameter spaces.

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Yadav, Omprakash, Alcina Judy, Praveen D’souza, Calvin Galbaw, and Hinal Rane. "Text Classification on Tamil." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v3i2.2826.

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By and large, we don't know to talk and read the territorial dialects that are spoken in our nation. So we have accepted Tamil language as it is our territorial and numerous doesn't get it. In our task, the content in Tamil language is stacked from Wikipedia. It is then sifted through and extraordinary characters are evacuated it is then characterized by the titles like id, title, URL, etc. It is then used to prepare the model utilizing CNN calculation and the dataset is created. Along these lines, you would now be able to test utilizing an irregular Wikipedia page and the content is grouped by the titles and anticipated.

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Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza, and Ali Abbasalizadeh. "How statistics and text mining can be applied to literary studies?" Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy069.

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Abstract Statistics and data mining techniques provide exciting approaches for extracting knowledge from data. Recently, using statistics and data mining has sought to be exploited in many research fields. In this study, it was demonstrated that how statistics can be applied to literary studies. First, all the lines in Khaghani’s divan are classified and coded into three categories (mystical, non-mystical, and borderline). Then a set of chi-square goodness-of-fit tests are used to investigate and compare the frequency of different line’s categories for all lines and all odes, separately. Finally, the chi-square independence test (crosstabs) is employed to investigate the existence of trend in the lines.